CN113843414A - Device and method for rapidly fusing and granulating metal composite powder by using laser - Google Patents
Device and method for rapidly fusing and granulating metal composite powder by using laser Download PDFInfo
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- C22C9/00—Alloys based on copper
- C22C9/02—Alloys based on copper with tin as the next major constituent
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Abstract
The invention provides a device and a method for rapidly fusing and granulating metal composite powder by using laser, which comprises the following steps: adjusting the powder in the powder cylinder to be at the same height with the base plate at the bottom of the working bin, setting scanning laser parameters, and controlling a protective gas module to introduce protective gas into the working bin by using a numerical control module; the method also comprises the steps that scanning laser is used for scanning the surface of the powder raw material in the powder cylinder according to set parameters, after a scanning time is reached, the powder on the upper surface of the powder raw material is fused to obtain a layer of fused granulation particles, the numerical control module controls the lifting platform to ascend according to the set ascending height each time, and the scraper acts to scrape the granulation particles into the granulation cylinder for storage; compared with the traditional process of adding the organic chemical reagent for atomization and granulation, the method can granulate without adding any organic adhesive, the obtained granules are pure and pollution-free, and the subsequent sintering does not need degreasing, thereby being green and environment-friendly; in addition, the particles obtained by sintering have no adhesive residue and have excellent tissue compactness.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of powder pretreatment of powder metallurgy technology, in particular to a device and a method for rapidly fusing and granulating metal composite powder by using laser.
Background
Among various forming techniques for metallic materials or composite materials thereof, powder metallurgy is one of the most important forming techniques. Powder metallurgy can be used for manufacturing high-quality and high-precision complex components, saves raw materials and labor cost, and belongs to near-net-shape forming. Powder metallurgy is a technique for converting a powder material having a specific particle size, shape and apparent density into a material having high strength, high precision and high performance, and its key steps include preparation of powder, shaping and subsequent sintering and heat treatment processes. In addition, the powder feedstock is typically pre-treated prior to forming, based on the need for final properties of the powder metallurgy product or the need to improve the powder forming process.
Generally, fine powder particles have large specific surface energy, small particles have large friction force, powder has the tendency of aggregating into a cluster, the flowability is poor, and the filling is difficult in the forming process. It is therefore desirable to subject such powders to a granulation pre-treatment prior to shaping, to form small particles of the powder into large particles or granules, and to improve the flowability of the powder. The traditional powder granulation method is that the powder, an organic reagent and a volatile reagent are prepared into slurry, the slurry is atomized or centrifugally atomized into small liquid drops, spherical particles are formed under the action of surface tension, and the spherical particles are heated in the free falling process to evaporate the volatile reagent, so that hard and compact particles are obtained. Commonly used granulating agents include solutions of polyvinyl alcohol, cellulose or polyethylene glycol, and the particle size after granulation is typically 200 μm. Commonly used granulation equipment includes a drum granulator, a disk granulator, a screen scraper, and the like, and granulation is sometimes performed using a vibrating screen. The traditional granulation method has complex process, needs a large amount of complete special equipment, and the prepared agglomerated particles have low strength and are easy to break and disintegrate under the action of external force. More importantly, the organic binder added for granulation needs to be removed during sintering, and the binder residue can have a severe impact on the performance of powder metallurgy materials with high purity requirements. Meanwhile, the waste gas generated in the binder removal process is not favorable for environmental protection.
With the proposal of global industrial 4.0 intelligent manufacturing and the continuous promotion of green sustainable development, a granulation process with high efficiency, stability, environmental protection and high automation degree is necessary to be proposed to adapt to the rapid development of the field of material science.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a device and a method for rapidly fusing and granulating metal composite powder by using laser, which aim to solve the problems that the traditional atomization and granulation process added with organic chemical reagents is complicated, the prepared particles are easy to break and disintegrate, an organic adhesive needs to be degreased and removed, the environment is not protected, and the organic adhesive residues seriously damage the comprehensive performance of a powder metallurgy material.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a device for rapidly fusing and granulating metal composite powder by laser comprises a laser scanning unit and a laser granulating unit;
the laser scanning unit comprises a laser, a beam splitter, a beam diffuser, a galvanometer, a focusing lens and a numerical control module; the emergent laser of the laser forms scanning laser through a beam splitter, a beam diffuser, a vibrating mirror and a focusing lens in sequence, and the laser and the vibrating mirror act under the control of the numerical control module;
the laser granulation unit comprises a working bin, a scraper, a lifting platform, a powder cylinder and a granulation cylinder; the upper substrate of the working bin is provided with a scanning hole corresponding to the focusing lens, and scanning laser emitted from the focusing lens enters the working bin through the scanning hole; a powder cylinder hole with the same size as the scanning hole is formed in the position, corresponding to the scanning hole, of the bottom substrate of the working bin, the upper end face of the powder cylinder is communicated with the powder cylinder hole in a sealing mode, and a lifting platform is arranged in the powder cylinder; the bottom base plate of the working bin is also provided with a granulation cylinder hole, and the upper end surface of the granulation cylinder is communicated with the granulation cylinder hole in a sealing way; the working bin is also internally provided with a scraper which can move left and right along the base plate at the bottom of the working bin; the lifting platform and the scraper both act under the control of the numerical control module.
The laser scanning unit further comprises a protective gas module, and the protective gas module is used for introducing protective gas into the working bin under the action of the numerical control module.
The laser granulation unit also comprises a dust removal module, and the dust removal module is used for removing dust for the working bin under the action of the numerical control module.
A method for rapidly fusing and granulating metal composite powder by using laser comprises the following steps:
step 1: preparation before granulation, specifically:
step 1.1: the powder is in same level with work bin bottom base plate in the adjustment powder jar, and is specific:
pouring the powder raw material into a powder cylinder of a scanning laser irradiation area, adjusting a lifting platform in the powder cylinder by using a numerical control module to enable the powder raw material to be higher than a base plate at the bottom of a working bin, and controlling a scraper by using the numerical control module to scrape the overflowed powder to enable the powder raw material in the powder cylinder and the base plate at the bottom of the working bin to be at the same horizontal height;
step 1.2: setting parameters:
according to the requirements of the granulation process and the properties of the powder raw materials, setting the spot size of scanning laser, the power of the scanning laser, the scanning speed of the scanning laser, the scanning interval, the scanning time and the height of each ascending of the lifting platform;
step 1.3: introducing protective gas into the working bin through the protective gas module under the control of the numerical control module;
step 2: granulation operation, specifically:
step 2.1: starting a laser, scanning the surface of the powder raw material in the powder cylinder by scanning laser according to set parameters, obtaining a layer of fused granulation particles after fusing the powder on the upper surface of the powder raw material after reaching a scanning interval, and closing the laser;
step 2.2: the numerical control module controls the lifting platform to rise according to the set height of each rising;
step 2.3: the numerical control module controls the scraper to act to scrape the granulation particles into a granulation cylinder for storage;
step 2.4: and (5) skipping to the step 2.1 until no powder raw material remains in the powder cylinder.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
firstly, the method comprises the following steps: compared with the traditional process of adding the organic chemical reagent for atomization and granulation, the method can granulate without adding any organic adhesive, the obtained granules are pure and pollution-free, and the subsequent sintering does not need degreasing, thereby being green and environment-friendly; in addition, the particles obtained by sintering have no adhesive residue, and the tissue compactness is excellent;
secondly, the method comprises the following steps: the secondary particles obtained by the traditional granulation process are bonded by the adhesive among the powder, have low strength and are easy to break and disintegrate, and the secondary particles obtained by the invention belong to metallurgical bonding, have high strength and high dimensional stability;
thirdly, the method comprises the following steps: the laser granulation is adopted, so that the energy utilization rate is high, the automation degree is high, the scanning speed is high, the production efficiency is greatly improved, and the cost is saved.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are some embodiments of the present invention, and other drawings can be obtained by those skilled in the art without creative efforts.
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is an SEM image of 8020 Cu-Sn alloy powder and diamond composite powder before granulation in the embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 3 is an SEM image of 8020 Cu-Sn alloy powder and diamond composite powder after granulation in the embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is an XRD pattern of 8020 Cu-Sn alloy powder and diamond composite powder after granulation under different scanning laser powers in the embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions of the present invention will be described clearly and completely with reference to the accompanying drawings, and it should be understood that the described embodiments are some, but not all embodiments of the present invention. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
As shown in fig. 1: the invention relates to a device for rapidly fusing and granulating metal composite powder by using laser, which comprises a laser scanning unit and a laser granulation unit;
the laser scanning unit comprises a laser 1, a beam splitter 2, a beam diffuser 3, a galvanometer 4, a focusing lens 5 and a numerical control module 14; the emergent Laser of the Laser 1 sequentially passes through the beam splitter 2, the beam diffuser 3, the vibrating mirror 4 and the focusing lens 5 to form scanning Laser 8, and the Laser 1 and the vibrating mirror 4 both act under the control of the numerical control module 14 and are used for outputting the scanning Laser 8 with fixed scanning Laser spot size, scanning Laser power, scanning Laser scanning speed and scanning time interval according to the requirement of a granulation process, which belongs to the existing mature technology, for example, German Concept Laser M2 selective Laser melting equipment can be adopted, and the description is omitted;
the laser granulation unit comprises a working bin 9, a scraper 7, a lifting platform 10, a powder cylinder 11 and a granulation cylinder 12; a scanning hole corresponding to the focusing lens 5 is formed in the upper substrate of the working bin 9, and scanning laser 8 emitted from the focusing lens 5 enters the working bin 9 through the scanning hole; a powder cylinder 11 hole with the same size as the scanning hole is formed in the position, corresponding to the scanning hole, of the bottom substrate of the working bin 9, the upper end face of the powder cylinder 11 is communicated with the powder cylinder 11 hole in a sealing mode, and a lifting platform 10 is arranged in the powder cylinder 11; a base plate at the bottom of the working bin 9 is also provided with a granulation cylinder 12 hole, and the upper end surface of the granulation cylinder 12 is hermetically communicated with the granulation cylinder 12 hole; the working bin 9 is also internally provided with a scraper 7 which can move left and right along a base plate at the bottom of the working bin 9; the lifting platform 10 and the scraper 7 both act under the control of the numerical control module 14.
Preferably: the laser scanning unit further comprises a protective gas module 6, the protective gas module 6 is used for introducing protective gas into the working bin 9 under the action of the numerical control module 14, specifically, the protective gas is selected according to the requirement of the granulation process, for example, in the granulation process which cannot be oxidized, Ar and N can be selected2And the like.
Preferably: the laser granulation unit further comprises a dust removal module 13, wherein the dust removal module 13 is used for removing dust for the working bin 9 under the action of the numerical control module 14, and dust in the working bin 9 is prevented from influencing the performance of the scanning laser 8 and granulation particles.
The invention relates to a method for rapidly fusing and granulating metal composite powder by using laser, which is carried out by using the device for rapidly fusing and granulating metal composite powder by using laser and specifically comprises the following steps:
step 1: preparation before granulation, specifically:
step 1.1: the powder is in same level with 9 bottom base plates in working bin in the adjustment powder jar 11, and is specific:
pouring the powder raw material into a powder cylinder 11 of a scanning laser 8 irradiation area, adjusting a lifting platform 10 in the powder cylinder 11 by using a numerical control module 14 to enable the powder raw material to be higher than a base plate at the bottom of a working bin 9, and controlling a scraper 7 by using the numerical control module 14 to scrape the overflowed powder to enable the powder raw material in the powder cylinder 11 and the base plate at the bottom of the working bin 9 to be at the same horizontal height;
step 1.2: setting parameters:
according to the requirements of the granulation process and the properties of the powder raw materials, setting the spot size of scanning laser, the power of the scanning laser, the scanning speed of the scanning laser, the scanning interval, the scanning time and the ascending height of the lifting platform 10 each time;
step 1.3: protective gas is introduced into the working bin 9 through the protective gas module 6 under the control of the numerical control module 14;
step 2: granulation operation, specifically:
step 2.1: starting the laser 1, scanning the surface of the powder raw material in the powder cylinder 11 by the scanning laser 8 according to set parameters, obtaining a layer of fused granulation particles after fusion of powder on the upper surface of the powder raw material after reaching a scanning time, and closing the laser 1;
step 2.2: the numerical control module 14 controls the lifting platform 10 to ascend according to the set height of each ascending;
step 2.3: the numerical control module 14 controls the scraper 7 to act to scrape the granulation particles into the granulation cylinder 12 for storage;
step 2.4: and (5) skipping to the step 2.1 until no powder raw material is left in the powder cylinder 11.
Example (b):
in order to facilitate the technical solution of the present invention to be further understood by those skilled in the art, a composite powder granulation process of 8020 Cu-Sn alloy powder and diamond is described as an example, specifically, 8020 Cu-Sn spherical alloy powder (with a particle size of 15 μm to 50 μm) containing 80% of Cu80wt% and 20wt% of Sn and diamond (with a particle size of about 25 μm) are mixed into a metal composite powder raw material (mass ratio of 17: 1), 2000g of the powder raw material is poured into a powder cylinder 11, and then granulation is performed according to the following steps:
step 1: preparation before granulation, specifically:
step 1.1: the powder is in same level with 9 bottom base plates in working bin in the adjustment powder jar 11, and is specific:
pouring the powder raw material into a powder cylinder 11 of a scanning laser 8 irradiation area, adjusting a lifting platform 10 in the powder cylinder 11 by using a numerical control module 14 to enable the powder raw material to be higher than a base plate at the bottom of a working bin 9, and controlling a scraper 7 by using the numerical control module 14 to scrape the overflowed powder to enable the powder raw material in the powder cylinder 11 and the base plate at the bottom of the working bin 9 to be at the same horizontal height;
step 1.2: setting parameters:
according to the requirements of the granulation process and the properties of the powder raw materials, setting the size of a scanning laser spot, the power of the scanning laser, the scanning speed of the scanning laser, the scanning interval, the scanning time and the ascending height of the lifting platform 10 every time, specifically, the scanning laser spot is 150 micrometers, the power of the scanning laser is 150w, the scanning speed of the scanning laser is 400mm/s, the scanning interval is 200 micrometers, and the ascending height of the lifting platform 10 every time is 200 micrometers;
step 1.3: introducing protective gas into the working bin 9 through the protective gas module 6 under the control of the numerical control module 14, specifically, introducing inert protective gas Ar into the working bin 9 at a gas flow rate of 800ml/min, and continuously introducing for 5min to completely remove air in the working bin 9, so as to prevent the powder raw material from being oxidized and nitrided in granulation;
step 2: granulation operation, specifically:
step 2.1: starting the laser 1, scanning the surface of the powder raw material in the powder cylinder 11 by the scanning laser 8 according to set parameters, obtaining a layer of fused granulation particles after fusion of powder on the upper surface of the powder raw material after reaching a scanning time, and closing the laser 1;
step 2.2: the numerical control module 14 controls the lifting platform 10 to ascend by 200 mu m according to the set height of each ascending;
step 2.3: the numerical control module 14 controls the scraper 7 to act to scrape the granulation particles into the granulation cylinder 12 for storage;
step 2.4: and (5) skipping to the step 2.1 until no powder raw material is left in the powder cylinder 11.
As shown in fig. 2 (a), (b) and fig. 3 (a), (b):
FIG. 2 shows that the alloy powder and diamond in the powder raw material before granulation keep original shapes and sizes and are in independent scattered distribution; FIG. 3 shows that the original alloy powder and diamond are metallurgically fused after granulation to form spherical secondary particles with a size distribution range of 50-200 μm.
As shown in fig. 4:
FIG. 4 shows the effect of different scanning laser power parameters on the secondary particle phase structure after granulation, for this example, the diamond diffraction peak at 150W of scanning laser power is evident, indicating that the diamond is well preserved; when the scanning laser power is increased to 190W, the diffraction peak of the diamond disappears, and the graphite peak is replaced, which shows that the graphitization of the diamond is serious at the power, and the granulation process containing the diamond powder is not applicable any more.
The above discussion shows that the 8020 Cu-Sn alloy powder and the diamond composite powder can be granulated by the method provided by the invention.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
firstly, the method comprises the following steps: compared with the traditional process of adding the organic chemical reagent for atomization and granulation, the method can granulate without adding any organic adhesive, the obtained granules are pure and pollution-free, and the subsequent sintering does not need degreasing, thereby being green and environment-friendly; in addition, the particles obtained by sintering have no adhesive residue, and the tissue compactness is excellent;
secondly, the method comprises the following steps: the secondary particles obtained by the traditional granulation process are bonded by the adhesive among the powder, have low strength and are easy to break and disintegrate, and the secondary particles obtained by the invention belong to metallurgical bonding, have high strength and high dimensional stability;
thirdly, the method comprises the following steps: the laser granulation is adopted, so that the energy utilization rate is high, the automation degree is high, the scanning speed is high, the production efficiency is greatly improved, and the cost is saved.
Finally, it should be noted that: the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solution of the present invention, and not to limit the same; while the invention has been described in detail and with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that: the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments may still be modified, or some or all of the technical features may be equivalently replaced; and the modifications or the substitutions do not make the essence of the corresponding technical solutions depart from the scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.
Claims (4)
1. The utility model provides a device that fuses granulation fast with laser to metal composite powder which characterized in that: the laser granulation device comprises a laser scanning unit and a laser granulation unit;
the laser scanning unit comprises a laser, a beam splitter, a beam diffuser, a galvanometer, a focusing lens and a numerical control module; the emergent laser of the laser forms scanning laser through a beam splitter, a beam diffuser, a vibrating mirror and a focusing lens in sequence, and the laser and the vibrating mirror act under the control of the numerical control module;
the laser granulation unit comprises a working bin, a scraper, a lifting platform, a powder cylinder and a granulation cylinder; the upper substrate of the working bin is provided with a scanning hole corresponding to the focusing lens, and scanning laser emitted from the focusing lens enters the working bin through the scanning hole; a powder cylinder hole with the same size as the scanning hole is formed in the position, corresponding to the scanning hole, of the bottom substrate of the working bin, the upper end face of the powder cylinder is communicated with the powder cylinder hole in a sealing mode, and a lifting platform is arranged in the powder cylinder; the bottom base plate of the working bin is also provided with a granulation cylinder hole, and the upper end surface of the granulation cylinder is communicated with the granulation cylinder hole in a sealing way; the working bin is also internally provided with a scraper which can move left and right along the base plate at the bottom of the working bin; the lifting platform and the scraper both act under the control of the numerical control module.
2. The device for rapidly fusing and granulating metal composite powder by using laser as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the laser scanning unit further comprises a protective gas module, and the protective gas module is used for introducing protective gas into the working bin under the action of the numerical control module.
3. The device for rapidly fusing and granulating metal composite powder by using laser as claimed in claim 2, wherein: the laser granulation unit also comprises a dust removal module, and the dust removal module is used for removing dust for the working bin under the action of the numerical control module.
4. The method for rapidly fusing and granulating the metal composite powder by using the device for rapidly fusing and granulating the metal composite powder by using the laser as claimed in claim 3 is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
step 1: preparation before granulation, specifically:
step 1.1: the powder is in same level with work bin bottom base plate in the adjustment powder jar, and is specific:
pouring the powder raw material into a powder cylinder of a scanning laser irradiation area, adjusting a lifting platform in the powder cylinder by using a numerical control module to enable the powder raw material to be higher than a base plate at the bottom of a working bin, and controlling a scraper by using the numerical control module to scrape the overflowed powder to enable the powder raw material in the powder cylinder and the base plate at the bottom of the working bin to be at the same horizontal height;
step 1.2: setting parameters:
according to the requirements of the granulation process and the properties of the powder raw materials, setting the spot size of scanning laser, the power of the scanning laser, the scanning speed of the scanning laser, the scanning interval, the scanning time and the height of each ascending of the lifting platform;
step 1.3: introducing protective gas into the working bin through the protective gas module under the control of the numerical control module;
step 2: granulation operation, specifically:
step 2.1: starting a laser, scanning the surface of the powder raw material in the powder cylinder by scanning laser according to set parameters, obtaining a layer of fused granulation particles after fusing the powder on the upper surface of the powder raw material after reaching a scanning time, and closing the laser;
step 2.2: the numerical control module controls the lifting platform to rise according to the set height of each rising;
step 2.3: the numerical control module controls the scraper to act to scrape the granulation particles into a granulation cylinder for storage;
step 2.4: and (5) skipping to the step 2.1 until no powder raw material remains in the powder cylinder.
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| US20180369909A1 (en) * | 2015-12-22 | 2018-12-27 | Fujimi Incorporated | Additive manufacturing material for powder lamination manufacturing |
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2021
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| CN1603031A (en) * | 2004-11-05 | 2005-04-06 | 华南理工大学 | Selected zone laser melting and rapid forming method for metal parts and apparatus thereof |
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| CN101602107A (en) * | 2009-07-10 | 2009-12-16 | 西北工业大学 | The method of rare refractory metal of a kind of laser spheroidization and the non-spherical powder of carbide alloy |
| US20180369909A1 (en) * | 2015-12-22 | 2018-12-27 | Fujimi Incorporated | Additive manufacturing material for powder lamination manufacturing |
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