CN113843384A - Forging process for eliminating stress concentration for steel ball production - Google Patents
Forging process for eliminating stress concentration for steel ball production Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN113843384A CN113843384A CN202110953389.1A CN202110953389A CN113843384A CN 113843384 A CN113843384 A CN 113843384A CN 202110953389 A CN202110953389 A CN 202110953389A CN 113843384 A CN113843384 A CN 113843384A
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- forging
- steel
- seat
- pressing
- steel ball
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
Links
Images
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21J—FORGING; HAMMERING; PRESSING METAL; RIVETING; FORGE FURNACES
- B21J5/00—Methods for forging, hammering, or pressing; Special equipment or accessories therefor
- B21J5/002—Hybrid process, e.g. forging following casting
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21J—FORGING; HAMMERING; PRESSING METAL; RIVETING; FORGE FURNACES
- B21J13/00—Details of machines for forging, pressing, or hammering
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21J—FORGING; HAMMERING; PRESSING METAL; RIVETING; FORGE FURNACES
- B21J13/00—Details of machines for forging, pressing, or hammering
- B21J13/02—Dies or mountings therefor
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21J—FORGING; HAMMERING; PRESSING METAL; RIVETING; FORGE FURNACES
- B21J13/00—Details of machines for forging, pressing, or hammering
- B21J13/08—Accessories for handling work or tools
- B21J13/085—Accessories for handling work or tools handling of tools
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21J—FORGING; HAMMERING; PRESSING METAL; RIVETING; FORGE FURNACES
- B21J13/00—Details of machines for forging, pressing, or hammering
- B21J13/08—Accessories for handling work or tools
- B21J13/10—Manipulators
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21J—FORGING; HAMMERING; PRESSING METAL; RIVETING; FORGE FURNACES
- B21J9/00—Forging presses
- B21J9/02—Special design or construction
- B21J9/06—Swaging presses; Upsetting presses
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21K—MAKING FORGED OR PRESSED METAL PRODUCTS, e.g. HORSE-SHOES, RIVETS, BOLTS OR WHEELS
- B21K1/00—Making machine elements
- B21K1/02—Making machine elements balls, rolls, or rollers, e.g. for bearings
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
- C21D1/18—Hardening; Quenching with or without subsequent tempering
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
- C21D1/26—Methods of annealing
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D7/00—Modifying the physical properties of iron or steel by deformation
- C21D7/02—Modifying the physical properties of iron or steel by deformation by cold working
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D8/00—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment
- C21D8/005—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment of ferrous alloys
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D9/00—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor
- C21D9/36—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor for balls; for rollers
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- Forging (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a forging process for eliminating stress concentration for steel ball production, belongs to the technical field of steel ball production, and further comprises a forging device for eliminating stress concentration for steel ball production. The forging process for eliminating stress concentration for producing the steel balls improves the forging efficiency, prolongs the service life, reduces the damage, increases the hardness and plasticity of steel ball blanks, can effectively reduce the stress concentration, prevents the steel balls from cracking in the later period, improves the production quality of the steel balls, controls the stress to be reasonably distributed, can improve the mechanical property and the service life of parts, improves the product quality, ensures the reasonable hardness of the steel balls through numerical control isothermal, eliminates the internal stress of the steel balls through heat preservation tempering, reduces the breakage rate of the wear-resistant steel balls in use, and improves the quality of the produced steel balls.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of steel ball production, in particular to a forging process for eliminating stress concentration for steel ball production.
Background
The steel balls are divided into four major categories, namely steel ball grinding, steel ball forging, steel ball casting and appropriate steel ball production process selection according to production and processing processes, and the steel ball production modes generally comprise forging, rolling, semi-solid forming and casting. Due to the special use conditions, comprehensive environments and backgrounds of the history practice and the mineral processing industry, in the industries, a considerable proportion of forged balls and rolled balls is occupied, which is of great importance to an enterprise and influences the survival and development of steel ball manufacturers. At present, most steel ball factories adopt manual production, the efficiency is low, the quality is poor, and the further development of enterprises is seriously restricted.
1. The traditional production of forging wear-resistant steel balls is an air hammer forging process, wherein raw materials are blanked according to a certain size, and the raw materials are forged into balls through an air hammer after being preheated. Under the process, the quality of the steel balls is greatly influenced by the proficiency of the labor of workers, and the quality of the steel balls is not uniform and cannot be ensured;
2. the EPC (lost foam) process for producing the cast ball has the advantages of good dimensional precision, high production efficiency and low labor intensity. The defects are that the heat dispersion performance is poor, the steel ball structure is not compact enough, and the wear resistance is more than 30% lower than that of the same chemical component metal type. Meanwhile, the sand washing phenomenon cannot be avoided in the steel ball, and the problem of high ball crushing rate when the steel ball is applied to a large-diameter grinding machine is solved;
3. investment casting is an ancient production process, and the technology is quite mature. It has the advantage that product size precision is extremely high. But the process is more, the cost is high, and the method has a small amount of application only when the casting conditions restrict the casting ball products, such as microspheres and micro-segments produced by high-chromium cast iron with poor fluidity.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a forging process for eliminating stress concentration for producing steel balls, which improves the forging efficiency, prolongs the service life, reduces the damage, under the action of the upper and lower air cylinders, the die can be better closed, the forging quality and the forging precision are improved, the transverse air cylinder can drive the clamping assembly to perform transverse position adjustment, can be stretched according to the needs, improves the use convenience, increases the hardness and plasticity of the steel ball blank, can effectively reduce the stress concentration, prevents the steel ball from cracking in the later period, improves the production quality, controls the stress to be reasonably distributed, the mechanical property and the service life of parts can be improved, the product quality is improved, the reasonable hardness of the steel ball is ensured through numerical control isothermal, the internal stress of the steel ball is eliminated through thermal insulation tempering, the breakage rate of the wear-resistant steel ball in use is reduced, and the quality of the produced steel ball is improved, so that the problems in the background art are solved.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides the following technical scheme:
the utility model provides a steel ball production is with forging technology of stress concentration of elimination, includes a steel ball production is with forging device of stress concentration of elimination, including the supporting seat, the top of supporting seat is provided with forges the subassembly, and the side of forging the subassembly is provided with the adjustment position device, and the below at the shift unit is fixed to the adjustment position device, forges the technology and includes following step:
s1: preparing raw materials: selecting round steel with proper type as raw material according to the size of the steel ball to be produced;
s2: numerical control transmission: placing the raw materials in a numerical control conveyor, and conveying the raw materials at a specific speed and a constant speed;
s3: preheating steel materials: conveying the steel ball into a medium-frequency induction furnace through a numerical control conveyor, wherein the medium-frequency induction furnace heats the steel ball to a specific temperature, and the numerical control conveyor ensures that the steel is uniformly heated;
s4: rotary cutting and roll forging to form balls: the rotary cutter automatically rotates the round steel into a certain length, and the round steel is roll forged into balls by the roll forging machine;
s5: numerical control isothermal: before the wear-resistant steel ball is quenched, isothermal control is carried out through an isothermal forging machine, four corners are leveled in a master-slave mode when the thickness of the wear-resistant steel ball is 0.05-0.5 mm/s, the speed is guaranteed to be consistent, and an isothermal forging process is adopted when the thickness of the wear-resistant steel ball is 0.005-0.05 mm/s, so that the deformation in the pressing process is slow, and the reasonable hardness of the steel ball is guaranteed;
s6: roller quenching: heating the steel material or the steel part to a temperature above a critical point AC3 or ACM, keeping the temperature for a certain time, and then cooling the steel material or the steel part in the air to obtain a pearlite structure;
s7: and (3) heat preservation tempering: and (3) a heat treatment process of heating the quenched workpiece to a temperature below the critical point AC1 for a certain time, and then cooling by an external temperature control method to obtain the required structure and performance.
Furthermore, the forging assembly comprises a lower pressing seat, an upper pressing seat, a forging and pressing assembly, a forging and pressing cylinder and a supporting side frame, the lower pressing seat is installed above the supporting seat, the supporting side frame is arranged at the side end of the lower pressing seat, the forging and pressing cylinder is installed at the upper end of the supporting side frame, an output shaft below the forging and pressing cylinder is connected with the upper pressing seat, the upper pressing seat is arranged above the lower pressing seat, the forging and pressing assembly is arranged between the lower pressing seat and the upper pressing seat, an ejection cylinder is arranged at the top end of the supporting seat, an output shaft rod of the ejection cylinder is connected with the bottom end of the lower pressing seat, and a buffer spring is sleeved on an output shaft rod of the ejection cylinder connected with the lower pressing seat.
Furthermore, the forging and pressing assembly comprises an upper forging and pressing seat, a lower forging and pressing seat, an upper forging and pressing ring groove and a lower forging and pressing ring groove, the upper forging and pressing seat is installed on the bottom end face of the upper pressing seat, the lower end face of the upper forging and pressing seat is provided with the upper forging and pressing ring groove, the lower forging and pressing seat is installed on the upper end face of the lower pressing seat, and the upper end face of the lower forging and pressing seat is provided with the lower forging and pressing ring groove.
Furthermore, the azimuth adjusting device comprises an upper connecting rod, a transverse cylinder, a rotating motor and a clamping assembly, the upper connecting rod is fixed above the transverse cylinder, the transverse cylinder is connected with the shifting device through the upper connecting rod, the front end of the transverse cylinder is connected with the rotating motor, and the clamping assembly is installed on an output shaft of the rotating motor.
Further, the clamping assembly comprises a fixed clamping half ring, a movable clamping half ring, a shaft rod, a clamping motor and a mounting bracket, the shaft rod is installed at the joint of the fixed clamping half ring and the movable clamping half ring in an alternating mode, the movable clamping half ring is fixed on the shaft rod, one end of the shaft rod is connected with the clamping motor, and the tail ends of the fixed clamping half ring and the movable clamping half ring are connected with an output shaft of the rotating motor through the mounting bracket.
Further, the shifting device comprises a cross beam frame plate, a moving motor, a moving seat, a gear, a sliding groove and an internal tooth groove, the sliding groove is formed in the cross beam frame plate, the internal tooth groove meshed with the gear is formed in the inner end face of the sliding groove, the gear is sleeved on an output shaft of the moving motor, the moving motor is fixed to the side end of the moving seat, and the moving seat is arranged below the cross beam frame plate through the output shaft of the moving motor.
Further, in S5, in the forging process, the steel is placed in the lower forging annular groove, the upper forging seat is driven by the forging cylinder to press downward, and the upper forging annular groove and the lower forging annular groove are matched to forge the steel.
Further, in S5, after the steel member is initially formed, the clamping stationary half ring and the clamping movable half ring clamp the steel ball blank and then reverse under the action of the clamping motor, the steel ball is rotated, and then the steel ball blank is placed back into the forging lower ring groove for reverse forging.
Further, for S6, before tempering, the quenched steel is annealed, the steel workpiece is heated to 20-40 ℃ above AC3, after heat preservation for a period of time, the steel workpiece is slowly cooled to below 500 ℃ along with the furnace, and the steel workpiece is cooled in air.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. the invention provides a forging process for eliminating stress concentration for producing steel balls, which comprises a forging and pressing assembly, a forging and pressing lower seat, a forging and pressing upper ring groove and a forging and pressing lower ring groove, wherein the forging and pressing upper seat is arranged on the bottom end surface of the upper pressing seat, the forging and pressing upper end surface of the upper seat is provided with the forging and pressing upper ring groove, the forging and pressing lower seat is arranged on the upper end surface of the lower pressing seat, the forging and pressing lower ring groove is arranged on the upper end surface of the lower pressing seat, a steel piece is placed in the forging and pressing lower ring groove in the forging process, the forging and pressing upper seat is driven by a forging and pressing cylinder to press downwards, the forging and pressing upper seat and the forging and pressing lower ring groove are matched, the forging and pressing of the steel piece are carried out, the height of the lower seat is adjusted under the action of an ejection cylinder, the position of the forging and pressing lower seat is prevented from deforming under the action of impact force, the forging and pressing efficiency is improved, the service life is prolonged, the damage is reduced, and the matching of the die can be better carried out under the action of the upper and the lower cylinder, the forging quality and precision are improved.
2. According to the forging process for eliminating stress concentration for producing the steel balls, the upper connecting rod is fixed above the transverse air cylinder, the transverse air cylinder is connected with the shifting device through the upper connecting rod, the front end of the transverse air cylinder is connected with the rotating motor, the clamping assembly is mounted on the output shaft of the rotating motor, the transverse air cylinder can drive the clamping assembly to conduct transverse position adjustment, stretching can be conducted according to needs, and using convenience is improved.
3. The invention provides a forging process for eliminating stress concentration for steel ball production, wherein tail ends of a clamping fixed half ring and a clamping movable half ring are connected with an output shaft of a rotating motor through a mounting bracket, after a steel piece is preliminarily formed in the forging process, the clamping fixed half ring and the clamping movable half ring clamp a steel ball blank and then reversely rotate under the action of the clamping motor, the steel ball is rotated and then placed back into a forging lower ring groove for reverse forging, and the hardness and plasticity of the steel ball blank are increased under the condition of ensuring the form quality of the steel ball blank through repeated forging of the steel ball blank, so that the stress concentration can be effectively reduced, the steel ball is prevented from cracking in the later stage, and the production quality of the steel ball is improved.
4. According to the forging process for eliminating stress concentration for producing the steel balls, the quenched steel is annealed, a steel workpiece is heated to a temperature of more than AC3 and 20-40 ℃, the temperature is kept for a period of time, the steel workpiece is slowly cooled to a temperature of less than 500 ℃ along with a furnace, the steel workpiece is cooled in the air, the temperature is controlled and cooled after quenching, the stress is controlled to be distributed reasonably, the mechanical performance and the service life of parts can be improved, the product quality is improved, the reasonable hardness of the steel balls is ensured through numerical control isothermal, the internal stress of the steel balls is eliminated through thermal insulation and tempering, the breakage rate of the wear-resistant steel balls in use is reduced, and the quality of the produced steel balls is improved.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the overall construction of the forging apparatus of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of a forging assembly of the forging apparatus of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of a forging assembly of the forging apparatus of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of an orientation adjustment mechanism of the forging apparatus of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic view of a clamp assembly of the forging apparatus of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a schematic view of the displacement device of the forging apparatus of the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a block diagram of the present invention;
FIG. 8 is a flow chart of the steps of the present invention.
In the figure: 1. a supporting seat; 11. ejecting out the cylinder; 111. a buffer spring; 2. forging the assembly; 21. pressing down the base; 22. an upper pressing seat; 23. forging and pressing the assembly; 231. forging and pressing the upper seat; 232. forging and pressing the lower seat; 233. forging the upper ring groove; 234. forging the lower ring groove; 24. forging and pressing the cylinder; 25. a support sideframe; 3. an orientation adjusting device; 31. an upper connecting rod; 32. a transverse cylinder; 33. rotating the motor; 34. a clamping assembly; 341. clamping the fixed semi-ring; 342. clamping the movable semi-ring; 343. a shaft lever; 344. a clamping motor; 345. mounting a bracket; 4. a displacement device; 41. a beam frame plate; 42. a moving motor; 43. a movable seat; 44. a gear; 45. a chute; 46. the tooth grooves are inscribed.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Referring to fig. 1, a forging process for eliminating stress concentration for steel ball production includes a forging device for eliminating stress concentration for steel ball production, which includes a supporting base 1, a forging assembly 2 disposed above the supporting base 1, an orientation adjusting device 3 disposed at a side end of the forging assembly 2, and a position adjusting device 3 fixed below a shifting device 4.
Referring to fig. 2-3, the forging component 2 includes a lower pressing seat 21, an upper pressing seat 22, a forging component 23, a forging cylinder 24 and a supporting side frame 25, the lower pressing seat 21 is installed above the supporting seat 1, the supporting side frame 25 is installed at the side end of the lower pressing seat 21, the forging cylinder 24 is installed at the upper end of the supporting side frame 25, the output shaft below the forging cylinder 24 is connected to the upper pressing seat 22, the upper pressing seat 22 is installed above the lower pressing seat 21, the forging component 23 is installed between the lower pressing seat 21 and the upper pressing seat 22, the top end of the supporting seat 1 is provided with the ejecting cylinder 11, the output shaft rod of the ejecting cylinder 11 is connected to the bottom end of the lower pressing seat 21, the output shaft rod of the ejecting cylinder 11 connected to the lower pressing seat 21 is sleeved with the buffer spring 111, the forging component 23 includes an upper forging seat 231, a lower forging seat 232, an upper forging ring groove 233 and a lower forging ring groove 234, the upper forging seat 231 is installed on the bottom end surface of the upper pressing seat 22, the forging and pressing upper seat 231 is provided with a forging upper ring groove 233 on the lower end face, the forging and pressing lower seat 232 is installed on the upper end face of the lower pressing seat 21, the forging and pressing lower ring groove 234 is formed on the upper end face of the forging and pressing lower seat 232, a steel piece is placed in the forging and pressing lower ring groove 234 in the forging process, the forging and pressing cylinder 24 drives the forging and pressing upper seat 231 to press downwards, the forging and pressing upper ring groove 233 and the forging and pressing lower ring groove 234 are matched to perform forging and forming on the steel, the height of the forging and pressing lower seat 232 is adjusted under the action of the ejection cylinder 11, the position of the forging and pressing lower seat 232 is prevented from being deformed under the action of impact force, the forging and pressing efficiency is improved, the service life is prolonged, damage is reduced, and the die matching can be better under the action of the upper and lower cylinders, and the forging and pressing quality and precision are improved.
Please refer to fig. 4, the azimuth adjusting device 3 includes a top rod 31, a horizontal cylinder 32, a rotating motor 33 and a clamping assembly 34, the top rod 31 is fixed above the horizontal cylinder 32, the horizontal cylinder 32 is connected to the shifting device 4 through the top rod 31, the front end of the horizontal cylinder 32 is connected to the rotating motor 33, the clamping assembly 34 is installed on the output shaft of the rotating motor 33, the horizontal cylinder 32 can drive the clamping assembly 34 to adjust the horizontal position, and can be extended and retracted as required, thereby improving the convenience of use.
Referring to fig. 5, the clamping assembly 34 includes a clamping stationary half ring 341, a clamping movable half ring 342, a shaft lever 343, a clamping motor 344 and a mounting bracket 345, the shaft lever 343 is inserted and mounted at the junction of the clamping stationary half ring 341 and the clamping movable half ring 342, the clamping movable half ring 342 is fixed on the shaft lever 343, one end of the shaft lever 343 is connected to the clamping motor 344, the tail ends of the clamping stationary half ring 341 and the clamping movable half ring 342 are connected to the output shaft of the rotating motor 33 through the mounting bracket 345, during the forging process, after the steel member is preliminarily formed, the clamping stationary half ring 341 and the clamping movable half ring 342 clamp the steel ball blank and then reverse, rotate the steel ball, then put back into the forging lower annular groove 234 to perform reverse forging, and by repeatedly forging the steel ball blank, the hardness and plasticity of the steel ball blank are increased, and the stress concentration can be effectively reduced, prevent the steel ball from cracking in the later period and improve the production quality.
Referring to fig. 6, the shifting device 4 includes a cross beam frame plate 41, a moving motor 42, a moving seat 43, a gear 44, a sliding slot 45 and an internal tooth slot 46, the sliding slot 45 is formed in the cross beam frame plate 41, the internal end face of the sliding slot 45 is provided with the internal tooth slot 46 engaged with the gear 44, the gear 44 is sleeved on an output shaft of the moving motor 42, the moving motor 42 is fixed at the side end of the moving seat 43, the moving seat 43 is arranged below the cross beam frame plate 41 through the output shaft of the moving motor 42, the moving motor 42 rotates, the gear 44 drives the moving seat 43 to move in the sliding slot 45 through the internal tooth slot 46 under the rotating condition, the orientation adjusting device 3 is effectively driven to shift, the forged steel balls are conveniently clamped and conveyed, the conveying efficiency of the steel balls is improved, and the convenience in discharging is improved.
Referring to fig. 7 to 8, in order to better show the forging process capable of eliminating the stress concentration for producing the steel ball, the embodiment provides a forging process for eliminating the stress concentration for producing the steel ball, which includes the following steps:
s1: preparing raw materials: selecting round steel with proper type as raw material according to the size of the steel ball to be produced;
s2: numerical control transmission: placing the raw materials in a numerical control conveyor, and conveying the raw materials at a specific speed and a constant speed;
s3: preheating steel materials: conveying the steel ball into a medium-frequency induction furnace through a numerical control conveyor, wherein the medium-frequency induction furnace heats the steel ball to a specific temperature, and the numerical control conveyor ensures that the steel is uniformly heated;
s4: rotary cutting and roll forging to form balls: the rotary cutter automatically rotates the round steel into a certain length, and the round steel is roll forged into balls by the roll forging machine;
s5: numerical control isothermal: before the wear-resistant steel ball is quenched, isothermal control is carried out through an isothermal forging machine, four corners are leveled in a master-slave mode when the thickness of the wear-resistant steel ball is 0.05-0.5 mm/s, the speed is guaranteed to be consistent, and an isothermal forging process is adopted when the thickness of the wear-resistant steel ball is 0.005-0.05 mm/s, so that the deformation in the pressing process is slow, and the reasonable hardness of the steel ball is guaranteed;
s6: roller quenching: heating the steel material or the steel part to a temperature above a critical point AC3 or ACM, keeping the temperature for a certain time, and then cooling the steel material or the steel part in the air to obtain a pearlite structure;
s7: and (3) heat preservation tempering: and (3) a heat treatment process of heating the quenched workpiece to a temperature below the critical point AC1 for a certain time, and then cooling by an external temperature control method to obtain the required structure and performance.
In S5, in the forging process, the steel piece is placed in the forging lower annular groove 234, the forging cylinder 24 drives the forging upper seat 231 to press down, the forging upper annular groove 233 and the forging lower annular groove 234 are closed to mold the steel piece, the steel piece is forged and formed, after the steel piece is preliminarily formed, the clamping fixed half ring 341 and the clamping movable half ring 342 clamp the steel ball blank and then reverse under the action of the clamping motor 344, the steel ball is rotated, and then the steel ball is placed back into the forging lower annular groove 234 to be reversely forged.
Aiming at S6, before tempering, the quenched steel is annealed, a steel workpiece is heated to 20-40 ℃ above AC3, after heat preservation is carried out for a period of time, the steel workpiece is slowly cooled to below 500 ℃ along with a furnace, the steel workpiece is cooled in air, temperature control cooling is carried out after quenching, stress is controlled to be distributed reasonably, the mechanical performance and the service life of parts can be improved, the product quality is improved, the reasonable hardness of a steel ball is ensured through numerical control isothermal, the internal stress of the steel ball is eliminated through heat preservation tempering, the breakage rate of the wear-resistant steel ball in use is reduced, and the quality of the produced steel ball is improved.
In summary, in the forging process for eliminating stress concentration for steel ball production according to the present invention, the forging component 23 includes the forging upper seat 231, the forging lower seat 232, the forging upper ring groove 233 and the forging lower ring groove 234, the forging upper seat 231 is mounted on the bottom end surface of the upper pressing seat 22, the forging upper ring groove 233 is formed on the lower end surface of the forging upper seat 231, the forging lower seat 232 is mounted on the upper end surface of the lower pressing seat 21, the forging lower ring groove 234 is formed on the upper end surface of the forging lower seat 232, during the forging process, the steel member is placed in the forging lower ring groove 234, the forging upper seat 231 is driven to press down by the forging cylinder 24, the steel member is forged and formed by closing the forging upper ring groove 233 and the forging lower ring groove 234, the height of the forging lower seat 232 is adjusted by the ejecting cylinder 11, the deformation of the position of the forging lower seat 232 due to the impact force is prevented, the forging efficiency is improved, the service life is prolonged, the damage is reduced, under the action of the upper and lower cylinders, the die can be better closed, the forging quality and the forging precision are improved, the upper connecting rod 31 is fixed above the transverse cylinder 32, the transverse cylinder 32 is connected with the shifting device 4 through the upper connecting rod 31, the front end of the transverse cylinder 32 is connected with the rotating motor 33, the output shaft of the rotating motor 33 is provided with the clamping component 34, the transverse cylinder 32 can drive the clamping component 34 to carry out transverse position adjustment and can stretch and retract according to the requirement, the use convenience is improved, the tail ends of the clamping fixed half ring 341 and the clamping movable half ring 342 are connected with the output shaft of the rotating motor 33 through the mounting bracket 345, in the forging process, after a steel piece is preliminarily molded, the clamping fixed half ring 341 and the clamping movable half ring 342 clamp the steel ball blank under the action of the clamping motor 344, then reverse rotation is carried out, then the steel ball is placed back into the forging lower annular groove 234, reverse forging is carried out, and the steel ball blank is repeatedly forged, under the condition of ensuring the shape and quality of the steel ball, the hardness and plasticity of a steel ball blank are increased, the stress concentration can be effectively reduced, the steel ball is prevented from cracking in the later period, the production quality of the steel ball is improved, the quenched steel is annealed at present, a steel workpiece is heated to 20-40 ℃ above AC3, after the steel workpiece is kept warm for a period of time, the steel workpiece is slowly cooled to below 500 ℃ along with a furnace, the steel workpiece is cooled in the air, the temperature is controlled and cooled after quenching, the stress is controlled to be reasonably distributed, the mechanical performance and the service life of parts can be improved, the product quality is improved, the reasonable hardness of the steel ball is ensured through numerical control isothermal, the internal stress of the steel ball is eliminated through thermal insulation, the breakage rate of the wear-resistant steel ball in use is reduced, and the quality of the produced steel ball is improved.
The above description is only for the preferred embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and any person skilled in the art should be able to cover the technical solutions and the inventive concepts of the present invention within the technical scope of the present invention.
Claims (9)
1. A forging process for eliminating stress concentration for steel ball production is characterized in that: the device comprises a supporting seat (1), wherein a forging component (2) is arranged above the supporting seat (1), an orientation adjusting device (3) is arranged at the side end of the forging component (2), and the orientation adjusting device (3) is fixed below a shifting device (4);
the forging process comprises the following steps:
s1: preparing raw materials: selecting round steel with proper type as raw material according to the size of the steel ball to be produced;
s2: numerical control transmission: placing the raw materials in a numerical control conveyor, and conveying the raw materials at a specific speed and a constant speed;
s3: preheating steel materials: conveying the steel ball into a medium-frequency induction furnace through a numerical control conveyor, wherein the medium-frequency induction furnace heats the steel ball to a specific temperature, and the numerical control conveyor ensures that the steel is uniformly heated;
s4: rotary cutting and roll forging to form balls: the rotary cutter automatically rotates the round steel into a certain length, and the round steel is roll forged into balls by the roll forging machine;
s5: numerical control isothermal: before the wear-resistant steel ball is quenched, isothermal control is carried out through an isothermal forging machine, four corners are leveled in a master-slave mode when the thickness of the wear-resistant steel ball is 0.05-0.5 mm/s, the speed is guaranteed to be consistent, and an isothermal forging process is adopted when the thickness of the wear-resistant steel ball is 0.005-0.05 mm/s, so that the deformation in the pressing process is slow, and the reasonable hardness of the steel ball is guaranteed;
s6: roller quenching: heating the steel material or the steel part to a temperature above a critical point AC3 or ACM, keeping the temperature for a certain time, and then cooling the steel material or the steel part in the air to obtain a pearlite structure;
s7: and (3) heat preservation tempering: and (3) a heat treatment process of heating the quenched workpiece to a temperature below the critical point AC1 for a certain time, and then cooling by an external temperature control method to obtain the required structure and performance.
2. The forging process for eliminating stress concentration for producing steel balls according to claim 1, wherein: the forging assembly (2) comprises a lower pressing seat (21), an upper pressing seat (22), a forging assembly (23), a forging cylinder (24) and a supporting side frame (25), the lower pressing seat (21) is installed above the supporting seat (1), the supporting side frame (25) is arranged at the side end of the lower pressing seat (21), the forging cylinder (24) is installed at the upper end of the supporting side frame (25), an output shaft below the forging cylinder (24) is connected with the upper pressing seat (22), the upper pressing seat (22) is arranged above the lower pressing seat (21), the forging assembly (23) is arranged between the lower pressing seat (21) and the upper pressing seat (22), an ejection cylinder (11) is arranged at the top end of the supporting seat (1), an output shaft rod of the ejection cylinder (11) is connected with the bottom end of the lower pressing seat (21), and a buffer spring (111) is sleeved on the output shaft rod of the ejection cylinder (11) connected with the lower pressing seat (21).
3. The forging process for eliminating stress concentration for producing steel balls according to claim 2, characterized in that: forging and pressing subassembly (23) including forging and pressing upper seat (231), forging and pressing lower seat (232), forge upper ring groove (233) and forge lower ring groove (234), install on the bottom end face of last pressure seat (22) forging and pressing upper seat (231), forging and pressing upper seat (231) lower terminal surface has seted up and has forged upper ring groove (233), forging and pressing lower seat (232) is installed on the up end of pressing seat (21) down, forging and pressing lower seat (232) up end has seted up and has forged lower ring groove (234).
4. The forging process for eliminating stress concentration for producing steel balls according to claim 3, wherein: the azimuth adjusting device (3) comprises an upper connecting rod (31), a transverse cylinder (32), a rotating motor (33) and a clamping assembly (34), the upper connecting rod (31) is fixed above the transverse cylinder (32), the transverse cylinder (32) is connected with a shifting device (4) through the upper connecting rod (31), the front end of the transverse cylinder (32) is connected with the rotating motor (33), and the clamping assembly (34) is installed on an output shaft of the rotating motor (33).
5. The forging process for eliminating stress concentration for producing steel balls according to claim 4, wherein: the clamping assembly (34) comprises a clamping fixed half ring (341), a clamping movable half ring (342), a shaft rod (343), a clamping motor (344) and an installation support (345), the shaft rod (343) is installed at the joint of the clamping fixed half ring (341) and the clamping movable half ring (342) in a penetrating mode, the clamping movable half ring (342) is fixed on the shaft rod (343), one end of the shaft rod (343) is connected with the clamping motor (344), and the tail ends of the clamping fixed half ring (341) and the clamping movable half ring (342) are connected with an output shaft of the rotating motor (33) through the installation support (345).
6. The forging process for eliminating stress concentration for producing steel balls according to claim 5, wherein: the shifting device (4) comprises a cross beam frame plate (41), a moving motor (42), a moving seat (43), a gear (44), a sliding groove (45) and an internal tooth groove (46), wherein the sliding groove (45) is formed in the cross beam frame plate (41), the internal tooth groove (46) meshed with the gear (44) is formed in the inner end face of the sliding groove (45), the gear (44) is sleeved on an output shaft of the moving motor (42), the moving motor (42) is fixed at the side end of the moving seat (43), and the moving seat (43) is arranged below the cross beam frame plate (41) through the output shaft of the moving motor (42).
7. The forging process for eliminating stress concentration for producing steel balls according to claim 6, wherein: in S5, in the forging process, a steel piece is placed in the forging lower ring groove (234), the forging upper seat (231) is driven to press downwards by the forging cylinder (24), and the forging upper ring groove (233) and the forging lower ring groove (234) are matched to forge the steel piece.
8. The forging process for eliminating stress concentration for producing steel balls according to claim 1, wherein: in S5, after the steel is initially formed in the forging process, the clamping fixed half ring (341) and the clamping movable half ring (342) clamp the steel ball blank under the action of the clamping motor (344), then reverse the steel ball, rotate the steel ball, and then put back into the forging lower ring groove (234) for reverse forging.
9. The forging process for eliminating stress concentration for producing steel balls according to claim 1, wherein: aiming at S6, before tempering, the quenched steel is annealed, a steel workpiece is heated to 20-40 ℃ above AC3, after heat preservation is carried out for a period of time, the steel workpiece is slowly cooled to below 500 ℃ along with a furnace, and the steel workpiece is cooled in air.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202110953389.1A CN113843384A (en) | 2021-08-19 | 2021-08-19 | Forging process for eliminating stress concentration for steel ball production |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202110953389.1A CN113843384A (en) | 2021-08-19 | 2021-08-19 | Forging process for eliminating stress concentration for steel ball production |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN113843384A true CN113843384A (en) | 2021-12-28 |
Family
ID=78976052
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202110953389.1A Withdrawn CN113843384A (en) | 2021-08-19 | 2021-08-19 | Forging process for eliminating stress concentration for steel ball production |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN113843384A (en) |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN115090818A (en) * | 2022-08-04 | 2022-09-23 | 山东威源机械科技有限公司 | Clamping tool for forging air hammer |
-
2021
- 2021-08-19 CN CN202110953389.1A patent/CN113843384A/en not_active Withdrawn
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN115090818A (en) * | 2022-08-04 | 2022-09-23 | 山东威源机械科技有限公司 | Clamping tool for forging air hammer |
| CN115090818B (en) * | 2022-08-04 | 2024-02-06 | 山东威源机械科技有限公司 | Clamping tool for forging air hammer |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| CN101406922A (en) | Method for producing grinding ball and rotary cutting and roll forging machine for producing grinding ball | |
| CN108188316A (en) | The equipment systems and production technology of a kind of forged steel ball | |
| CN113843384A (en) | Forging process for eliminating stress concentration for steel ball production | |
| CN111604642B (en) | Preparation method of elastic wheel core | |
| CN114367624A (en) | Automatic multi-station forging production line for sector gear shaft | |
| CN113798429A (en) | Automatic forging production line and process method for bearing ring of aircraft engine | |
| CN212955263U (en) | Hot flattening device of full-automatic production line of thermal treatment | |
| EP4283008A1 (en) | Free-cutting and non-quenched and tempered steel, and manufacturing method therefor | |
| CN210996261U (en) | Roller forming device | |
| CN112338114A (en) | Forming process of inner hole inclined ring piece | |
| CN107716693A (en) | A kind of plate class part heat punching system and technique that cold rotating disk is pressed with multistation | |
| CN105750840A (en) | Method for forging tee-joint forge piece | |
| CN114770045B (en) | Forging process for forming manhole barrel | |
| CN215279410U (en) | Long-life automatic trimming die with anticollision board | |
| CN103071970A (en) | Forging method for intermediate shafts for transmissions | |
| CN105127679B (en) | A kind of processing technology of valve body | |
| CN115351068A (en) | Thermal forming processing technology | |
| CN113798424A (en) | Cold extrusion forming equipment and process for micro gear of speed reducer | |
| CN108246938A (en) | A kind of continuity flatly moving type rolling press and its pressure rolling method | |
| CN112779382B (en) | Heat treatment method for hot work die steel | |
| CN114517255A (en) | Medium-frequency induction quenching method for surface of large diesel engine crankshaft | |
| CN112247039B (en) | Billet forging method and device | |
| CN102000979A (en) | Rotary cutting and roll forging machine | |
| CN104889266B (en) | Manufacture technology of trimming and punching mold of automotive body thermal forming part | |
| CN203526259U (en) | Cross wedge rolling multi-stepped-shaft part heat-straightening machine |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| PB01 | Publication | ||
| PB01 | Publication | ||
| SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
| SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
| WW01 | Invention patent application withdrawn after publication |
Application publication date: 20211228 |
|
| WW01 | Invention patent application withdrawn after publication |