CN113841610A - Efficient breeding method of fragrant rice blast resistant rice with high whole rice percentage - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a high-efficiency breeding method of fragrant rice blast resistant rice with high polished rice rate, which is characterized by comprising the following steps: the high-quality fragrant rice restorer line A is used as a receptor parent, the rice blast resistant rice restorer line B with a plurality of polymerized rice blast resistant genes is used as a donor parent, the rice variety C with high polished rice rate, high longitudinal extensibility of cooked rice grains and good palatability is used as a male parent, and a high-quality rice restorer line new variety with stable fragrance, high polished rice rate, good rice blast resistance and excellent agronomic characters is bred by combining a conventional breeding technology, a high-flux molecular marker auxiliary selection technology, a rice anther isolated culture technology and a resistance field inoculation identification means, and is tested and matched with different high-quality sterile lines, so that the expression matching force is high, and the recovery spectrum is wide. The method of the invention has high efficiency, rapidness and low cost, effectively combines the traditional breeding technology and the modern molecular biotechnology, has high popularization and application value of the bred variety, and is suitable for the commercial breeding demand of enterprises.

Description

Efficient breeding method of fragrant rice blast resistant rice with high whole rice percentage

Technical Field

The invention particularly relates to a breeding method of a fragrant rice blast resistant rice variety with high whole polished rice rate, belonging to the technical field of crop genetic breeding.

Background

The rice is a main food crop in China, the demand of high-quality rice is gradually increased along with the improvement of the living standard of people, particularly, the supply of the fragrant high-quality rice with high whole polished rice rate is far from meeting the demand of production development, the rice becomes the bottleneck problem of industrialized development of high-grade high-quality rice in China, and the improvement of the quality of the rice becomes the main target of genetic breeding of the current rice. At present, high-quality rice such as silk rice is slender and has high processing requirements, and the phenomenon of low whole polished rice rate generally exists, the rice grains of Burma variety are short and round, the length-width ratio reaches about 2.0, and the rice has the advantages of the whole polished rice rate of over 70 percent, high longitudinal extension degree of cooked rice grains (the length-width ratio can reach 3.5), soft rice grains, no adhesion, good palatability and the like. However, the Bershan variety also has the defects of long growth period, over-high plant height, easy lodging and the like. Therefore, the characteristics of the variety such as high whole polished rice rate, good longitudinal extensibility of rice grains, good palatability and the like are fully utilized, and a new fragrant high whole polished rice variety with moderate growth period, good resistance and high whole polished rice rate is created through character complementation, so that the method has important significance for improving the rice quality in China and optimizing the planting structure of high-quality rice, and has practical application value for widening rice genetic resources and effectively utilizing excellent characters in rice genetic breeding.

The rice blast is one of important diseases affecting rice production worldwide, the rice loss caused by the disease in China each year also reaches hundreds of millions of kilograms, and breeding disease-resistant varieties is the most safe and effective way for preventing and treating the rice blast. However, the traditional disease-resistant breeding has large field workload and long period; meanwhile, the physiological race of the rice blast fungus has high variation speed, the resistance is gradually lost or lost along with multi-generation planting during the traditional strain breeding, and the rice blast resistance is usually reduced, so that the cultivation of new rice varieties with lasting resistance becomes an important subject of rice scientific research.

The molecular marker assisted selection technology which is rapidly developed in recent years can make up the defect of low accuracy of the traditional breeding selection technology to accelerate the breeding process, selects the disease-resistant gene with wider resistance spectrum and lasting resistance as the resistance source to cultivate a new variety, and can accurately select a target strain to prevent the loss of the resistance source through the molecular marker assisted selection of the traditional breeding, thereby prolonging the service life of the rice blast resistant variety.

On the other hand, the haploid breeding technology for culturing rice anther can shorten the breeding period, improve the selection efficiency of specific genotype, and fix gamete recombinants which cannot be shown in conventional breeding, thereby obtaining the genotype with more parental excellent traits. As a new effective way for rice breeding, the anther culture provides abundant new materials for breeding seeds.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to accurately, stably, quickly and massively detect rice blast resistance genes in the rice blast resistance molecular marker-assisted breeding process by a high-throughput molecular marker-assisted selection technology; meanwhile, an efficient and stable anther in-vitro culture technical system is established, an ideal genotype with more parental excellent characters is quickly and stably obtained, the selection efficiency is further improved, and the breeding period is shortened; in addition, the widely-adapted, high-quality and early-maturing aromatic rice restoring line material and the widely-adapted, high-rice-finishing-rate and good-palatability rice restoring line material are used as breeding parents, and the bred varieties are guaranteed to have application and popularization values through traditional breeding means such as hybridization, backcross and backcross. In conclusion, the invention aims to provide a high-speed cultivation method of fragrant high-quality rice with high whole rice rate, which has short breeding period, low cost, high cultivation efficiency and high environment and human factor interference resistance.

The invention solves the technical problem and adopts the following technical scheme:

a breeding method of a new fragrant rice variety with high polished rice percentage and rice blast resistance is characterized in that: the method comprises the steps of taking a widely-suitable high-quality early-maturing fragrant rice restorer line A as a receptor parent, taking a rice blast resistant rice material B carrying a rice blast resistant gene as a donor parent, taking a rice variety C which has a polished rice rate of over 70 percent, a cooked rice grain length and a high longitudinal length and a palatability number as a male parent, and finally breeding a fragrant long-grain rice variety with fragrance, good resistance, a high polished rice rate and a palatability number by hybridization, backcrossing, double crossing, pedigree method selection, molecular marker-assisted selection and field character identification technologies. The method specifically comprises the following steps:

(1) hybridizing a eurytopic high-quality early-maturing fragrant rice restorer line A serving as a receptor parent and a rice blast resistant rice material B carrying a rice blast resistant gene serving as a donor parent to obtain hybrid F1 generation seeds;

(2) planting seeds of a hybrid F1 generation, and backcrossing the hybrid F1 generation with the donor parent B in the step (1) to obtain seeds of a BC1F1 generation;

(3) planting BC1F1 generation seeds, and through high-flux molecular marker auxiliary selection technology and traditional agronomic character investigation mode,

screening BC1F1 generation plants with rice blast resistance and aroma genes as female parents, and hybridizing with a rice variety C with the rice finishing rate of more than 70% and extremely thin and long cooked rice grains as male parents to obtain compound cross F1 generation seeds;

(4) planting the seeds of the compound cross F1 generation to obtain a compound cross F1 single plant; taking leaves of each individual plant to carry out molecular marker detection on rice blast resistance and aroma genes, screening out the individual plants with rice blast resistance aroma genes and excellent agronomic comprehensive properties through molecular marker assisted selection and agronomic property investigation, and carrying out anther culture on the individual plants in the single-core side period of pollen before heading and flowering to obtain stable D0 generation anther culture strains;

(5) screening D0 generation anther culture rice plants, removing haploid and polyploid plants, selecting and reserving normal diploid D0 generation anther culture rice plants, and selecting excellent individual seeds after maturation;

(6) planting the selected individual seeds of the diploid anther culture rice of the D0 generation, screening quality characters, simultaneously inspecting yield and resistance, and finally screening a new rice variety with fragrance, rice quality meeting the second-grade and higher standards of high-quality rice issued by Ministry of China and rice blast resistance and high overall polished rice yield and rice blast resistance.

The variety A is high-quality fragrant conventional indica rice ivory; the variety B is a rice blast resistant restorer line 'Jihui 1393' which is bred and carries 4 rice blast resistant genes; the variety C is Burma which is a high-quality variety of Burma.

The invention has the beneficial effects that:

the invention adopts the aromatic rice restorer line 'ivory occupation' with wide adaptability, high quality and early maturity as the receptor parent in the selection of breeding parent material, taking a self-breeding rice blast resistance recovery system material 'Jihui 1393' carrying a plurality of rice blast resistance genes as a donor parent, meanwhile, the improved aroma type rice restorer new variety with stable aroma, good rice blast resistance, high whole polished rice rate and excellent agronomic characters is bred by adopting the Burshan of the high-quality Burma variety with high quality, high whole polished rice rate and good palatability, combining conventional breeding technologies such as hybridization, double crossing, backcross and the like, comprehensively utilizing a high-flux molecular marker assisted selection technology, a stable rice anther in-vitro culture technology and a field resistance inoculation identification means, and the rice blast resistant hybrid rice is efficiently bred by testing and matching with the sterile line, thereby ensuring that the bred hybrid rice has market application and popularization value.

The invention relates to a method for breeding a fragrant rice blast-resistant rice variety with high whole polished rice rate, creatively provides a breeding target and a method of fragrant disease-resistant high-quality rice with high whole polished rice rate, and solves the problem of low whole polished rice rate of long-grain fragrant high-quality rice.

The invention adopts high-flux molecular marker assisted selection and stable rice anther isolated culture technology to quickly homozygous target genotypes, obtains plants which simultaneously carry rice blast resistance genes, have fragrance and excellent agronomic characters and are stable in heredity, and solves the defect that the conventional rice polymerization breeding has longer years.

The method of the invention is efficient, rapid and low in cost, effectively combines the traditional breeding technology and the modern molecular biotechnology, breeds have good quality, have high matching force with different high-quality sterile lines and wide recovery spectrum, broadens the popularization and application value and is suitable for the commercial breeding requirements of enterprises.

Detailed Description

Example 1

A breeding method of a fragrant rice blast resistant rice variety with high polished rice percentage comprises the following steps:

(1) in summer of the first year, in a salt city, hybridizing a eurytopic and high-quality early-maturing aromatic rice restorer line 'Xiangguzhan' serving as a receptor parent and a self-breeding rice blast resistant rice restorer line 'Jihui 1393' carrying a plurality of rice blast resistant genes serving as a donor parent to obtain hybrid F1 generation seeds;

(2) planting seeds of a hybrid F1 generation in the spring of the next year, Hainan, and backcrossing the hybrid F1 generation with the donor parent 'Yanhui 1393' in the step (1) to obtain seeds of a BC1F1 generation;

(3) in summer of the next year, planting seeds of BC1F1 generation, screening plants of BC1F1 generation with rice blast resistance and aroma genes as female parent and carrying out hybridization with a rice variety Burmese 'Boshan' with rice blast rate of more than 70% and extremely thin and long cooked rice grains as male parent by a high-flux molecular marker assisted selection technology and a traditional agronomic character investigation mode to obtain compound F1 generation seeds;

(4) in spring of the third year, Hainan, planting compound F1 seeds to obtain compound F1 single plants; taking leaves of each individual plant to carry out molecular marker detection on rice blast resistance and aroma genes, screening out the individual plants with rice blast resistance aroma genes and excellent agronomic comprehensive properties through molecular marker assisted selection and agronomic property investigation, and carrying out anther culture on the individual plants in the single-core side period of pollen before heading and flowering to obtain stable D0 generation anther culture strains;

(5) in summer of the third year, in a salt city, observing and screening the D0 generation anther culture rice plants, removing haploid and polyploid plants, selecting and reserving normal diploid D0 generation anther culture rice plants, and selecting excellent single-plant seeds after maturation;

(6) in summer of the fourth year, in salt city, the selected D0 generation diploid anther culture rice single plant seeds are planted, quality character screening is carried out, simultaneously, yield and resistance investigation is carried out, and finally, a new rice variety with fragrance, rice quality meeting the ministry of issuing high-quality rice second grade and above standard and rice blast resistance and high whole rice blast resistance rate and with fragrance and rice blast resistance is screened out.

Claims (2)

1. A breeding method of a new fragrant rice variety with high polished rice percentage and rice blast resistance is characterized in that: the method is characterized in that a widely-suitable and high-quality early-maturing flavor type rice restorer line A is used as a receptor parent, a rice blast resistant rice material B carrying a multi-polymerization rice blast resistant gene is used as a donor parent, a rice variety C with the rice grain finishing rate of over 70 percent, high longitudinal ductility and good palatability of cooked rice grains is used as a male parent, and a fragrant long-grain rice variety with fragrance, good resistance, high rice finishing rate and good palatability is finally bred through hybridization, backcrossing, repeated crossing, pedigree method selection, molecular marker-assisted selection and field character identification technologies.

2. The efficient breeding method of the fragrant rice blast resistant rice with high whole rice percentage as claimed in claim 1, characterized by comprising the steps of:

(1) hybridizing a eurytopic high-quality early-maturing fragrant rice restorer line A serving as a receptor parent and a rice blast resistant rice material B carrying a multi-polymeric rice blast resistant gene serving as a donor parent to obtain hybrid F1 generation seeds;

(2) planting seeds of a hybrid F1 generation, and backcrossing the hybrid F1 generation with the donor parent B in the step (1) to obtain seeds of a BC1F1 generation;

(3) planting BC1F1 generation seeds, screening BC1F1 generation plants with rice blast resistance and aroma genes as female parents and rice variety C with the rice finishing rate of more than 70 percent and extra-long cooked rice grains as male parents by a high-throughput molecular marker-assisted selection technology and a traditional agricultural character investigation mode to perform hybridization to obtain compound cross F1 generation seeds;

(4) planting the seeds of the compound cross F1 generation to obtain a compound cross F1 single plant; taking leaves of each individual plant to carry out molecular marker detection on rice blast resistance and aroma genes, screening out the individual plants with rice blast resistance aroma genes and excellent agronomic comprehensive properties through molecular marker assisted selection and agronomic property investigation, and carrying out anther culture on the individual plants in the single-core side period of pollen before heading and flowering to obtain stable D0 generation anther culture strains;

(5) screening D0 generation anther culture rice plants, removing haploid and polyploid plants, selecting and reserving normal diploid D0 generation anther culture rice plants, and selecting excellent individual seeds after maturation;

(6) planting the selected individual seeds of the diploid anther culture rice of the D0 generation, screening quality characters, simultaneously inspecting yield and resistance, and finally screening a new rice variety with fragrance, rice quality meeting the second-grade and higher standards of high-quality rice issued by Ministry of China and rice blast resistance and high overall polished rice yield and rice blast resistance.

The variety A is high-quality fragrant conventional indica rice' Ivory flavor; the variety B is the rice blast resistant restorer line 'Jihui 1393' bred by the breeding method; the variety C is Burma which is a high-quality variety of Burma.