CN113839406A - Self-energy supply control method of novel high-voltage direct-current circuit breaker - Google Patents
Self-energy supply control method of novel high-voltage direct-current circuit breaker Download PDFInfo
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
- H02J3/36—Arrangements for transfer of electric power between ac networks via a high-tension dc link
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02H—EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS
- H02H7/00—Emergency protective circuit arrangements specially adapted for specific types of electric machines or apparatus or for sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, and effecting automatic switching in the event of an undesired change from normal working conditions
- H02H7/26—Sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, e.g. for disconnecting a section on which a short-circuit, earth fault, or arc discharge has occured
- H02H7/268—Sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, e.g. for disconnecting a section on which a short-circuit, earth fault, or arc discharge has occured for dc systems
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
- H02J7/34—Parallel operation in networks using both storage and other dc sources, e.g. providing buffering
- H02J7/345—Parallel operation in networks using both storage and other dc sources, e.g. providing buffering using capacitors as storage or buffering devices
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J2207/00—Indexing scheme relating to details of circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
- H02J2207/50—Charging of capacitors, supercapacitors, ultra-capacitors or double layer capacitors
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- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/60—Arrangements for transfer of electric power between AC networks or generators via a high voltage DC link [HVCD]
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Abstract
The invention discloses a self-energy supply control method of a novel high-voltage direct current breaker, which comprises the following steps: firstly, adopting a topological structure of a novel high-voltage direct-current circuit breaker; then, analyzing the overall action characteristics and the control strategy of the circuit breaker aiming at 3 modes of starting energy charging, steady-state operation and fault processing, and carrying out energy supplementing cycle calculation on the direct-current circuit breaker; and finally, a typical example system is set up to carry out simulation research, and the effectiveness and feasibility of the topology of the circuit breaker and the control strategy of the topology are verified. The load transfer switch and the main circuit breaker directly obtain energy through sub-module capacitors of the load transfer switch and the main circuit breaker without external power supply, so that the insulation and voltage resistance problems which are difficult to solve in engineering are avoided, the design and manufacturing difficulty is reduced, and the application of the circuit breaker topology in a high-voltage direct-current power grid is facilitated; through the control strategy designed by the invention, the voltage of the EHBSM capacitor can fluctuate within the manually set threshold value, the stability of energy is ensured, and the influence on the power supply reliability of a driving circuit caused by the severe fluctuation of the voltage of the capacitor is prevented.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a self-energy supply control method of a novel high-voltage direct-current circuit breaker, and belongs to the technical field of circuit breaker control.
Background
The large-scale new energy is connected to the grid through a direct current power grid, compared with the traditional alternating current power grid, the development trend of a future power system is that the damping of the direct current power grid is relatively low, the fault development is faster, and the difficulty of control and protection is higher.
At present, research schemes of high-voltage direct-current circuit breakers mainly focus on 3 types, namely, traditional mechanical circuit breakers based on conventional switches, solid-state circuit breakers based on pure power electronic devices and hybrid circuit breakers based on combination of the traditional mechanical circuit breakers and the solid-state circuit breakers. The hybrid high-voltage direct-current circuit breaker combines the advantages of the first 2 circuit breakers, has low on-state loss and high breaking speed, and has good application prospect.
In order to reduce the manufacturing cost, 2 schemes of a combined high-voltage direct-current circuit breaker and a current transfer type high-voltage direct-current circuit breaker are respectively proposed in journal of power grid technology and electric power system automation.
However, both a hybrid high-voltage direct-current circuit breaker and a combined high-voltage direct-current circuit breaker adopt an external power supply mode to supply power to a driving circuit of an IGBT (insulated gate bipolar translator) in the circuit breaker in current engineering. However, the circuit breaker needs to be connected in series in a dc line, and the dc voltage level is high, so the defect of high requirement on the insulation and voltage resistance of an external power supply circuit greatly limits the application of the dc circuit breaker in the high voltage technical field.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the technical problem of providing a self-energy supply control method of a novel high-voltage direct-current circuit breaker, which improves a load transfer switch and a main circuit breaker of a traditional hybrid high-voltage direct-current circuit breaker, changes the original IGBT series connection into an EHBSM series connection, and enables a capacitor in a submodule to be operated in an electrified way under a normal working condition through a corresponding control strategy. The circuit breaker has 3 kinds of operating modes of starting and charging, steady state operation and fault handling, and functionality and flexibility can be promoted by a wide margin.
In order to solve the problems, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
a self-energy supply control method of a novel high-voltage direct current breaker comprises the following processes: firstly, adopting a topological structure of a novel high-voltage direct-current circuit breaker; then, analyzing the overall action characteristics and the control strategy of the circuit breaker aiming at 3 modes of starting energy charging, steady-state operation and fault processing, and carrying out energy supplementing cycle calculation on the direct-current circuit breaker; and finally, a typical example system is set up to carry out simulation research, and the effectiveness and feasibility of the topology of the circuit breaker and the control strategy of the topology are verified.
As a further improvement of the invention, the novel high-voltage direct-current circuit breaker comprises a main circuit breaker, a daily through-current branch and a fault current-breaking branch which are connected in parallel;
the daily through-current branch comprises an ultra-fast mechanical switch and a load transfer switch which are connected in series; the fault current-breaking branch is formed by connecting a plurality of current-breaking units in series;
the load transfer switch and the main breaker adopt an enhanced half-bridge submodule EHBSM.
As a further improvement of the present invention, the EHBSM is composed of 2 IGBTs, 4 diodes, and 1 sub-module capacitor;
the EHBSM includes 2 switching states of an on state and an off state, which are specifically as follows:
in a conducting state, when 1GBT in the EHBSM is switched on, current directly flows through the IGBT or the parallel diode thereof, and the capacitor is bypassed;
an off state, when the IGBT in the EHBSM is turned off, current needs to flow from the capacitor, and the flow of direct current is impeded;
according to different operation scenes, the novel high-voltage direct-current circuit breaker has 3 different working modes, namely a starting energy charging mode, a steady-state operation mode and a fault processing mode.
As a further improvement of the present invention, the starting of the charging mode includes the following steps:
step S11, the ultra-fast mechanical switch of the daily through-flow branch of the novel high-voltage direct-current breaker is in a turn-off state, the IGBT of the load transfer switch is in a turn-off state, and the IGBT of the fault cut-off branch is also in a turn-off state;
step S12, each converter station in the direct current system is started, the reference value of transmission power is set to be 1% -5%, and the current in the direct current circuit is ensured to be maintained at a low level; since the ultra-fast mechanical switch is not yet closed, current will flow from the main breaker to charge the capacitor;
step S13, when the voltage of the sub-module capacitor in the main breaker reaches the threshold value required by the IGBT trigger, enabling the IGBT drive circuit, and charging the sub-module capacitor of the main breaker in groups;
step S14, setting the main breaker to a conducting state after charging; the current flows through the main circuit breaker, and the voltage borne by the ultra-fast mechanical switch is 0;
step S15, turning off EHBSM in a small number of main circuit breakers, and transferring direct current to a normal current branch circuit by the reverse voltage superposed by the sub-module capacitors so as to charge a load transfer switch;
and step S16, after the load transfer switch is charged, the load transfer switch and the main breaker are both set to be in a conducting state, then the power reference value of the direct current system is increased to a rated level, and the system enters a steady-state operation mode.
As a further improvement of the present invention, in the steady-state operation mode, the load transfer switch and the IGBT driving circuit of the main breaker are both load-transferred by their respective capacitors to remove the steady-state energy compensation and the main breaker steady-state energy compensation.
As a further improvement of the invention, the control steps of the load transfer steady-state energy compensation are as follows:
step S21, when detecting that the capacitor voltage of any sub-module of the load transfer switch is lower than the steady-state threshold lower limit UminWhen the load transfer switch is turned off, the EHBSM in less than half of the main circuit breakers is set to be in an off state, and the load transfer switch is turned off; since the reverse voltage of the main breaker is greater than the reverse voltage of the load transfer switch, the direct current will charge the capacitor in the load transfer switch;
step S22, when detecting that any one sub-module capacitance voltage of the load transfer switch is higher than the upper limit U of the steady state threshold valuemaxIn this case, the load transfer switch and the main breaker are turned on, and the energy supply is completed.
As a further improvement of the present invention, the control steps of the main breaker for steady-state energy compensation are as follows:
step S31, when detecting that the capacitor voltage of any sub-module of the main breaker is lower than the steady state threshold lower limit UminWhen the load is switched off, the load transfer switch is switched off, and the direct current is transferred to the branch circuit of the main circuit breaker;
step S32, charging EHBSM in the main breaker in groups, the process is as follows: dividing the EHBSMs in the main circuit breaker into N groups, wherein the number of each group is smaller than that of the EHBSMs in the load transfer switch; turning off the EHBSMs of the ith (i ═ l,2, …, N) group, turning on the EHBSMs of the rest groups, and charging the EHBSMs of the ith group as the total reverse voltage generated by the load transfer switches is greater than the reverse voltage generated by the ith group EHBSM in the main circuit breaker and direct current flows through the branch circuit of the main circuit breaker; when the voltage of the EHBSM capacitor of the ith group reaches the upper threshold limit UmaxAt this time, it indicates that the EHBSM of the group has completed charging, and it is set to the on state at this time; after the charging of the ith group is completed,starting to charge the next group of EHBSMs after a short time interval until all the EHBSMs of the main circuit breaker are charged;
step S33, after the main breaker finishes charging, all EHBSMs of the main breaker are set to be in a conducting state;
and step S34, setting the load transfer switch to be in a conducting state, transferring the direct current from the main breaker branch to the daily through-current branch, and finishing the energy supplement of the main breaker.
As a further improvement of the present invention, the fault handling mode is used for dc fault handling of a novel high voltage dc circuit breaker, and the steps are specifically as follows:
step S41, when the circuit breaker is in steady state operation, the ultra-fast mechanical switch, the load transfer switch and the main circuit breaker are all in a closed conducting state, and the direct current flowing out of the current converter flows through the daily through-current branch;
step S42, the DC line is at t0Earth fault at time, circuit breaker at t1Receiving an action command at all times, and immediately applying an on-off signal to the load transfer switch; after a time delay, the load transfer switch is at t2The switching-off action is completed at any time, and the reverse voltage generated by the capacitor forces the direct current to be rapidly transferred to the fault current-breaking branch circuit;
step S43, applying a switching-off signal to the ultra-fast mechanical switch, and completing the switching-off action of the ultra-fast mechanical switch at the h moment after a certain time delay;
step S44, when the ultra-fast mechanical switch is in the off state, the on-off signal is applied to the main breaker, and at t4The on-off action is completed at any time, and the reverse voltage generated by the capacitor in the main breaker forces the fault current to be transferred to an energy consumption branch circuit consisting of the lightning arrester;
in step S45, the residual energy is dissipated by the lightning arrester.
As a further improvement of the invention, the dc breaker energy supplementing period calculation is to calculate the capacitor energy dissipation rate of the EHBSM; the energy consumed by the EHBSM capacitor comprises two parts, namely energy consumed for supplying energy to the IGBT driving circuit; the other part is the energy consumed by the voltage-sharing resistor connected in parallel with the capacitor.
As a further improvement of the invention, the simulation research adopts a typical sample system which is a four-terminal test system built in PSCAD/EMTDC.
Compared with the prior art, adopt the produced beneficial effect of above-mentioned technical scheme to lie in:
the invention relates to a self-energy supply control method of a novel high-voltage direct-current circuit breaker, which improves a load transfer switch and a main circuit breaker of a traditional mixed high-voltage direct-current circuit breaker, designs the novel mixed high-voltage direct-current circuit breaker and has the following advantages:
the load transfer switch and the main circuit breaker directly obtain energy through sub-module capacitors of the load transfer switch and the main circuit breaker without external power supply, so that the insulation and voltage resistance problems which are difficult to solve in engineering are avoided, the design and manufacturing difficulty is reduced, and the application of the circuit breaker topology in a high-voltage direct-current power grid is facilitated;
through the control strategy designed by the invention, the voltage of the EHBSM capacitor can fluctuate within the manually set threshold value, the stability of energy is ensured, and the influence on the power supply reliability of a driving circuit caused by the severe fluctuation of the voltage of the capacitor is prevented.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings needed for the embodiments or the prior art descriptions will be briefly described below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious for those skilled in the art to obtain other drawings without creative efforts.
Fig. 1 is a topological structure diagram of a novel high-voltage direct-current circuit breaker;
FIG. 2 is a timing diagram of the actions of the devices during the main breaker charging process;
FIG. 3 is a diagram of a four-terminal DC grid test system;
fig. 4 is the dynamic characteristics of the high voltage dc breaker at start up charging;
FIG. 5 is a DC voltage dynamic of the DC system at start-up charging;
FIG. 6 is a DC current dynamic characteristic of the DC system at start-up charging;
fig. 7 is a dynamic characteristic of the high voltage dc circuit breaker when the load transfer switch is energized;
fig. 8 is the dynamic response of the converter station 2 dc system when the load transfer switch is energized;
fig. 9 is the current dynamic characteristics of the high voltage dc breaker when the main breaker is energized;
fig. 10 is the capacitance-voltage dynamic of the hvdc breaker when the main breaker is energized;
fig. 11 is the voltage dynamics of the hvdc breaker when the main breaker is energized;
fig. 12 is the dynamic response of the converter station 2 dc system when the main breaker is energized;
fig. 13 is the current dynamics of the hvdc breaker at fault handling;
fig. 14 is a voltage dynamic characteristic of the high voltage dc breaker at the time of fault handling;
FIG. 15 is a graph showing voltage dynamics of the HVDC breaker switching on the ultrafast mechanical switch during fault handling;
FIG. 16 is a DC voltage dynamic response of the DC system during fault handling;
FIG. 17 is a DC current dynamic response of the DC system during fault handling;
FIG. 18 is a graph of the voltage dynamic response of the smoothing reactor of the DC system during fault handling.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present application, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present application, and not all of the embodiments. The following description of at least one exemplary embodiment is merely illustrative in nature and is in no way intended to limit the application, its application, or uses. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present application.
It is noted that the terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of example embodiments according to the present application. As used herein, the singular forms "a", "an" and "the" are intended to include the plural forms as well, and it should be understood that when the terms "comprises" and/or "comprising" are used in this specification, they specify the presence of stated features, steps, operations, devices, components, and/or combinations thereof, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise.
A self-energy supply control method of a novel high-voltage direct current breaker comprises the following processes: firstly, adopting a topological structure of a novel high-voltage direct-current circuit breaker; then, analyzing the overall action characteristics and the control strategy of the circuit breaker aiming at 3 modes of starting energy charging, steady-state operation and fault processing, and carrying out energy supplementing cycle calculation on the direct-current circuit breaker; and finally, a typical example system is set up to carry out simulation research, and the effectiveness and feasibility of the topology of the circuit breaker and the control strategy of the topology are verified.
In this embodiment, as shown in fig. 1, the novel high-voltage dc circuit breaker includes a main circuit breaker, a daily current branch and a fault current breaking branch which are connected in parallel;
the daily through-current branch comprises an ultra-fast mechanical switch and a load transfer switch which are connected in series; the fault current-breaking branch is formed by connecting a plurality of current-breaking units in series;
the load transfer switch and the main breaker adopt an enhanced half-bridge submodule EHBSM.
In this embodiment, the EHBSM is composed of 2 IGBTs, 4 diodes, and 1 sub-module capacitor;
the EHBSM includes 2 switching states of an on state and an off state, which are specifically as follows:
in a conducting state, when 1GBT in the EHBSM is switched on, current directly flows through the IGBT or the parallel diode thereof, and the capacitor is bypassed;
an off state, when the IGBT in the EHBSM is turned off, current needs to flow from the capacitor, and the flow of direct current is impeded;
according to different operation scenes, the novel high-voltage direct-current circuit breaker has 3 different working modes, namely a starting energy charging mode, a steady-state operation mode and a fault processing mode.
Specifically, the starting of the charging mode includes the following steps:
step S11, the ultra-fast mechanical switch of the daily through-flow branch of the novel high-voltage direct-current breaker is in a turn-off state, the IGBT of the load transfer switch is in a turn-off state, and the IGBT of the fault cut-off branch is also in a turn-off state;
step S12, each converter station in the direct current system is started, the reference value of transmission power is set to be 1% -5%, and the current in the direct current circuit is ensured to be maintained at a low level; since the ultra-fast mechanical switch is not yet closed, current will flow from the main breaker to charge the capacitor;
step S13, when the voltage of the sub-module capacitor in the main breaker reaches the threshold value required by the IGBT trigger, enabling the IGBT drive circuit, and charging the sub-module capacitor of the main breaker in groups;
step S14, setting the main breaker to a conducting state after charging; the current flows through the main circuit breaker, and the voltage borne by the ultra-fast mechanical switch is 0;
step S15, turning off EHBSM in a small number of main circuit breakers, and transferring direct current to a normal current branch circuit by the reverse voltage superposed by the sub-module capacitors so as to charge a load transfer switch;
and step S16, after the load transfer switch is charged, the load transfer switch and the main breaker are both set to be in a conducting state, then the power reference value of the direct current system is increased to a rated level, and the system enters a steady-state operation mode.
In this embodiment, in the steady-state operation mode, the load transfer switch and the IGBT driving circuit of the main breaker are all configured to perform load transfer steady-state energy compensation and main breaker steady-state energy compensation by using their respective capacitors.
In this embodiment, the control steps of the load transfer switch for steady-state energy compensation are as follows:
step S21, when detecting that the capacitor voltage of any sub-module of the load transfer switch is lower than the steady-state threshold lower limit UminWhen in use, willEHBSMs in a small number of main circuit breakers are set to be in an off state, and meanwhile, load transfer switches are turned off; since the reverse voltage of the main breaker is greater than the reverse voltage of the load transfer switch, the direct current will charge the capacitor in the load transfer switch;
step S22, when detecting that any one sub-module capacitance voltage of the load transfer switch is higher than the upper limit U of the steady state threshold valuemaxIn this case, the load transfer switch and the main breaker are turned on, and the energy supply is completed.
Specifically, the control steps of the main breaker for steady-state energy compensation are as follows:
step S31, when detecting that the capacitor voltage of any sub-module of the main breaker is lower than the steady state threshold lower limit UminWhen the load is switched off, the load transfer switch is switched off, and the direct current is transferred to the branch circuit of the main circuit breaker;
step S32, charging EHBSM in the main breaker in groups, the process is as follows: dividing the EHBSMs in the main circuit breaker into N groups, wherein the number of each group is smaller than that of the EHBSMs in the load transfer switch; turning off the EHBSMs of the ith (i ═ l,2, …, N) group, turning on the EHBSMs of the rest groups, and charging the EHBSMs of the ith group as the total reverse voltage generated by the load transfer switches is greater than the reverse voltage generated by the ith group EHBSM in the main circuit breaker and direct current flows through the branch circuit of the main circuit breaker; when the voltage of the EHBSM capacitor of the ith group reaches the upper threshold limit UmaxAt this time, it indicates that the EHBSM of the group has completed charging, and it is set to the on state at this time; after the ith group finishes charging, starting to charge the EHBSM of the next group after a short time interval until all the EHBSMs of the main circuit breaker finish charging;
step S33, after the main breaker finishes charging, all EHBSMs of the main breaker are set to be in a conducting state;
and step S34, setting the load transfer switch to be in a conducting state, transferring the direct current from the main breaker branch to the daily through-current branch, and finishing the energy supplement of the main breaker.
Taking N-3 and m-l as examples, the operation sequence of each device in the main breaker energy supplementing process is shown in fig. 2.
The energy supplementing operation steps of the slave load transfer switch and the main circuit breaker can be seen, the ultra-fast mechanical switch action is not needed in the whole energy supplementing process, and the control strategy is simple and easy to implement. It should be noted that the load transfer switch charging operation and the main breaker charging operation cannot be performed simultaneously: if 2 parts receive the signals of making up energy simultaneously, because the operation of making up energy of the load transfer switch is simpler and takes short time, make up energy of the load transfer switch preferentially.
In this embodiment, the fault handling mode is used for dc fault handling of the novel high-voltage dc circuit breaker, and the steps are specifically as follows:
step S41, when the circuit breaker is in steady state operation, the ultra-fast mechanical switch, the load transfer switch and the main circuit breaker are all in a closed conducting state, and the direct current flowing out of the current converter flows through the daily through-current branch;
step S42, the DC line is at t0Earth fault at time, circuit breaker at t1Receiving an action command at all times, and immediately applying an on-off signal to the load transfer switch; after a time delay, the load transfer switch is at t2The switching-off action is completed at any time, and the reverse voltage generated by the capacitor forces the direct current to be rapidly transferred to the fault current-breaking branch circuit;
step S43, applying a switching-off signal to the ultra-fast mechanical switch, and completing the switching-off action of the ultra-fast mechanical switch at the h moment after a certain time delay;
step S44, when the ultra-fast mechanical switch is in the off state, the on-off signal is applied to the main breaker, and at t4The on-off action is completed at any time, and the reverse voltage generated by the capacitor in the main breaker forces the fault current to be transferred to an energy consumption branch circuit consisting of the lightning arrester;
in step S45, the residual energy is dissipated by the lightning arrester.
For the novel high-voltage direct-current circuit breaker provided by this embodiment, the core component of the novel high-voltage direct-current circuit breaker is the EHBSM which constitutes the load transfer switch and the main circuit breaker, so that this section focuses on the key parameter selection principle of the EHBSM, and these parameters include IGBT type selection, capacitance value, capacitance voltage reference value, the configuration number of sub-modules, and the like.
In the embodiment, the four-terminal direct-current power grid shown in fig. 3 is taken as a test system for analysis, and the design target is a direct-current breaker on the converter station 2 side in the direct-current line 24. The rated dc voltage of the converter station 2 is 500kV and the rated capacity is 1500MW, so the rated dc current is 3 kA.
For a converter station with the capacity of 1500MW, a StakPak 5SNA 3000K452300 crimping type IGBT of ABB company is generally adopted as a circuit breaker, the rated voltage is 4.5kV, the rated current is 3kA, and the peak current is 6 kA.
The number of load transfer switches EHBSM is first configured. From the occurrence of a direct current fault to the completion of the opening action of the ultra-fast mechanical switch, a delay of about 2ms is required, and the fault current in the time period needs to flow through the load transfer switch. At this time, the load transfer switch EHBSM parallel coefficient should be configured to be 2, i.e., 2 rows of sub-modules are connected in parallel. The number of the series connection does not need to be too large because the series connection does not need to bear larger voltage. In the prior engineering, the series coefficient is about 5 generally. Thus, the load transfer switch consists of 10 EHBSMs in 2 parallel and 5 series.
The number of main circuit breakers EHBSM is configured next. For the dc circuit breaker, assuming that the voltage that the IGBT withstands is 2.3kV, since it is required to withstand at least 500kV dc voltage in the steady state (the voltage to ground of the electrode after the main circuit breaker is cut off), 218 EHBSMs are connected in series, since the maximum withstand voltage of the IGBT is 4.5kV, the overvoltage that the main circuit breaker can withstand after the 218 EHBSMs are connected in series is 981kV, which is 1.962 times of the rated voltage. Because the current breaking capability of a single IGBT is limited, in order to have stronger current breaking capability, an EHBSM parallel connection mode can be adopted. If the current interrupting capacity is 18kA, 3 parallel branches are required. The main breaker thus consists of 3 parallel, 218 series of 654 EHBSMs. The novel high-voltage direct-current circuit breaker has the key parameters that the rated voltage of the IGBT is 4.5kVJGBT, the rated current is 3kA, the number of the load transfer switches EHBSM is 10, the number of the main circuit breakers EHBSM is 654, the steady-state operation voltage of the sub-module capacitor is 1kV, the upper limit threshold value Umax of the capacitor voltage is 1.1kV, the lower limit threshold value Umin of the capacitor voltage is 0.9kV, and the capacitance value of the sub-module capacitor is 1 mF. In this embodiment, the calculation of the energy supplement period of the dc circuit breaker is to calculate an energy dissipation rate of a capacitor of the EHBSM; the EHBSM capacitor is depleted of energy in two parts: one part is energy consumed for supplying energy to the IGBT driving circuit; the other part is the energy consumed by the voltage-sharing resistor connected in parallel with the capacitor.
The power of the IGBT drive circuit is first calculated. The power of the IGBT drive circuit is composed of two parts, one part for switching the IGBT (from on state to off state, or from off state to on state), and the other part for maintaining the switching state of the IGBT. The power calculation expression of the IGBT driving circuit is as follows:
P＝QCf(UCC+|UEE|)+IGESUCC (1)
wherein Q isGIs a gate charge; f is the switching frequency; u shapeccThe voltage of the collector when the IGBT is conducted; u shapeEEIs the emitter voltage at 1GBT turn-off; i isGESIs the gate leakage current of the IGBT.
During the normal operation of the direct current breaker, no matter the IGBT in the load transfer switch or the IGBT in the main breaker is always in the on state. Therefore, the power for IGBT switching is 0. Thus, the power of the IGBT drive circuit during steady state operation can be expressed as:
P＝IGESUCC (2)
according to data of the pressure-connected IGBT of StakPak 5SNA 3OOOK4523OO of ABB company, the power of a single IGBT driving circuit in normal operation can be calculated as follows:
P＝500×15＝7.5×10-6(W) (3)
because one EHBSM contains 2 IGBTs, the power of a driving circuit of the EHBSM in the normal operation process is 1.5x10-5W, when the capacitor is not charged, the power of the driving circuit and the voltage U of the capacitorcThe relationship between can be expressed as:
initial value of capacitor voltage is Uc(0) Then, the solution can be:
the above calculated EHBSM drive circuit power was 1.5x10-5W, initial value of capacitor voltage is Uc(0) 1.33X10 is required for C to fall to 0.9kV when 1.1kV7s (about 154 d). This indicates that the IGBT driver circuit consumes almost negligible energy for the EHBSM capacitor.
From the basic circuit knowledge, the capacitor and its equalizing resistor form the simplest RC parallel circuit. If the initial value of the capacitor voltage is Uc(0) Then the instantaneous voltage across the capacitor can be expressed as:
wherein, R is a voltage-sharing resistance value, which is usually from dozens of kiloohms to hundreds of kiloohms in engineering, and is 500k omega. If calculation data are used, C is 1mF, Uc(0) 1.1kV, 100s is required for the capacitor voltage to drop to 0.9 kV. In fact, the capacitors of the submodules supply the IGBT drive circuits, first of all via a dc transformer. As long as the input voltage is higher than a certain value (e.g., 0.3kV), the dc transformer can output a stable supply voltage. In this case, the drop in the capacitor voltage from 1.1kV to 0.4kV will last for over 600 s.
If the energy supplementing period of the EHBSM capacitor is taken as 100s, all the sub-modules of the main circuit breaker are divided into 100 small groups for energy supplementing, and the energy supplementing charging time of each small group is set to be 10ms (the actual energy supplementing charging time is far less than 10ms), the total time for completing the one-time energy supplementing of the main circuit breaker is 1s and accounts for 1% of the energy supplementing period of the EHBSM capacitor 100s, namely under the assumed condition, the sub-modules in the load transfer switch and the main circuit breaker are approximately 1% in time in the charging energy supplementing state during normal operation.
Specifically, in this embodiment, the typical example system used in the simulation research is a four-terminal test system built in the PSCAD/EMTDC. The convertor stations 1-3 adopt constant active power and reactive power control, and respectively transmit power of 600MW, 1200MW and-500 MW to the direct current side under the steady state condition. The converter station 4 adopts constant direct-current voltage and reactive power control, and 4 converter stations with the direct-current voltage reference value of 500kV are connected through overhead lines.
The starting energy charging test scene is as follows: and each converter in the direct current network is prepared before starting. The high voltage direct current circuit breakers at the converter stations 1, 3, 4 side are installed and the charging operation is completed. The high voltage direct current breaker on the converter station 2 side is installed, but is not charged.
In order to reduce the charging current and prolong the sub-module charging time, the power reference values of the converter stations 1-3 are set to be 5% of the rated capacity, wherein the converter stations 1 and 2 transmit power to the direct current side, the converter station 3 transmits power to the alternating current side, the converter station 4 adopts constant voltage control, and the voltage reference value is set to be 500 kV.
And the direct current system starts to operate when t is 0.2 s. Fig. 4 shows the dynamic characteristics of the high voltage dc breaker B24, which are the current flowing through the breaker load transfer switch and the main breaker, the EHBSM capacitor voltage of the load transfer switch and the main breaker, and the voltage across the ultra-fast mechanical switch, the load transfer switch and the main breaker, respectively, from top to bottom.
Fig. 5 and 6 show the characteristics of a dc system, where fig. 5 shows the dc voltage of 4 stations and fig. 6 shows the dc current of 4 stations.
As can be seen from the simulation diagram, after the system is started, the sub-module capacitor of the main circuit breaker is charged first, and the capacitor voltage of the main circuit breaker rises steadily. The average value of the charging current in this process is about 25A. Since the EHBSM of the main breaker is connected directly in series on the dc line 24, the dc voltage of the converter station 2 rises as the sub-module capacitor voltage rises. When t is 0.463s, the main breaker capacitor voltage reaches 0.3kV, the IGBT drive circuit is unlocked, and the EHBSM can be controlled. Then the sub-modules of the main circuit breaker are charged by the sub-groups, and the capacitor voltage of the sub-modules is quickly charged to the upper limit threshold value of 1.1 kV. When t is 0.686s, the sub-modules of the load transfer switch are charged, and the current flowing through the main breaker is quickly transferred to the branch of the load transfer switch. After about 29ms of charging, the sub-modules of the load transfer switch are charged. The whole circuit breaker finishes the starting and energy charging process. It should be noted that although the maximum voltage reaches 580kV during the start-up charging process, this is a short transient and the overvoltage factor is only 1.16 times that the system can withstand.
It can also be seen that the dc current fluctuates slightly during the start-up charging of the circuit breaker. After about 1s, the fluctuation adjustment is finished, the direct current system recovers the steady state operation state, and the safe and stable operation characteristics of the system are not influenced. The energy compensation test scene of the load transfer switch is as follows: after the circuit breaker finishes charging, the system enters a steady-state operation mode, the reference value of each converter station is recovered to the original reference value, namely, the voltage of a sub-module capacitor of the load transfer switch gradually decreases to the lower limit threshold value of 0.9kV due to the fact that power is continuously supplied to the IGBT driving circuit and the voltage-sharing resistor consumes energy continuously. In this case, the capacitor needs to be complemented. Let t equal to 3.5s, begin to replenish energy. Fig. 7 shows the dynamic behavior of breaker B24. The current flowing through the load transfer switch of the circuit breaker and the main circuit breaker, the EHBSM capacitor voltage of the load transfer switch and the main circuit breaker, and the voltage at two ends of the ultra-fast mechanical switch, the load transfer switch and the main circuit breaker are respectively from top to bottom. Fig. 8 shows the dc-side dynamics of the converter station 2, which are, from top to bottom, the dc voltage of the converter station 2, the dc current flowing through the dc link 24 and the real power flowing through the link 24.
As can be seen from the figure, when the capacitor voltage of the sub-module of the load transfer switch drops to 0.9kV, the IGBT of the sub-module is turned off, and the sub-module capacitor is in a charging state: the sub-module capacitor voltage is charged to the upper limit threshold value of 1.1kV very quickly. And then the IGBT of the sub-module is conducted, and the system recovers normal operation. All the electric quantities have no obvious fluctuation in the whole process.
The main breaker energy compensation test scene is as follows: the system is in a steady state mode of operation. Because power is continuously supplied to the IGBT driving circuit and the voltage-sharing resistor consumes energy continuously, the sub-module capacitor voltage of the main circuit breaker gradually drops to the lower limit threshold value of 0.9 kV. At this time, the sub-module capacitance needs to be complemented.
In the simulation example, the load transfer switch is formed by connecting 5 EHBSMs in series, and the capacitor voltage range of each EHBSM is 0.9-1.1kV, so that the reverse voltage generated after the load transfer switch is turned off is 4.5-5.5 kV. The main circuit breaker 218 EHBSMs in series are divided into 73 groups of 3 EHBSMs each (the last group being 2). Therefore, the maximum reverse voltage generated by each group of EHBSMs of the main circuit breaker is 3.3kV and is smaller than the reverse voltage generated by the load transfer switch, so that the normal grouping charging of the main circuit breaker can be ensured.
Let t equal to 4.0s, begin to replenish energy. Fig. 9-11 illustrate the dynamic behavior of circuit breaker B24 during main circuit breaker charging, where fig. 9 illustrates the current flowing through the circuit breaker load transfer switch and the main circuit breaker, fig. 10 illustrates the EHBSM capacitor voltage of the load transfer switch and the main circuit breaker, and fig. 11 illustrates the voltage across the ultra-fast mechanical switch, the load transfer switch, and the main circuit breaker. Fig. 12 shows the dc-side dynamics of the converter station 2, which are, from top to bottom, the dc voltage of the converter station 2, the dc current flowing through the dc link 24 and the real power flowing through the link 24.
As can be seen from the figure, when the energy supplement command of the main breaker is received, the load transfer switch is turned off, and the direct current is transferred to the branch of the main breaker. And after the direct current is transferred, charging the sub-module capacitors in the main circuit breaker in groups. The charging time of each group of EHBSMs is about 0.4ms, and the time interval from the completion of charging of the previous group to the start of charging of the next group is set to 0.5ms, so that about 65ms is required for the completion of charging of 73 groups of EHBSMs. For this example, the charging period of the EHBSM capacitor is 100s, and during normal operation, the load transfer switch and the sub-modules in the main breaker are in the charging state only about 0.1% of the time. If a situation that the direct current is small is considered, for example, the direct current is 20A (about 1% of the direct current in the present embodiment), the charging time of each EHBSM group is about 40ms, the time interval from the last group to the next group before charging is started is kept constant for 0.5ms, and the time required by the main breaker to complete energy compensation is about 3s, which is only 3% of the normal operating time of the EHBSM.
And after the main circuit breaker finishes charging, the main circuit breaker and the load transfer switch are adjusted to be in a conducting state, and the system recovers normal operation. In the whole energy supplementing process, the active power of the direct current line 24 is reduced by about 30MW (3% of transmission power) and then is restored to a normal level, which only has a small influence on the power flow of the direct current network, but has no influence on the output of the current exchange station, so that the safe and stable operation characteristics of the system are not influenced.
The DC fault processing test scenario is as follows: the system is in a steady state mode of operation. A transient ground fault occurs at the outlet of breaker B24.
The fault occurs at t ═ 1.01 s; the lms subsequent power protection system completes fault location, and load transfer switches of the direct-current circuit breakers B24 and B42 act; when t is 1.01125s, applying a cut-off signal to the ultra-fast mechanical switch; when t is 1.01325s, the ultra-fast mechanical switch completes the opening action, and the main breaker acts after 50 mus.
Fig. 13-15 show the response characteristics of dc breaker B24: figure 13 is the current in the load transfer switch, the main breaker and its arrester; FIG. 14 is EHBSM capacitor voltage for the load transfer switch and main breaker; fig. 15 is a graph of the voltages across the ultra-fast mechanical switch, the load transfer switch, and the main breaker. Fig. 16-18 show the response characteristics of the converter station:
fig. 16 shows the dc voltage at the ports of the converter station 1-4, fig. 17 the current through the smoothing reactors of the converter station 1-4 and fig. 18 the smoothing reactor voltage at the outlet of the converter station 2.
As can be seen from fig. 13 to 15, the circuit breaker B24 near the short-circuit point had an operating time of 1ms after the fault, a current at the time of operating the load transfer switch was 7.6kA, and a current at the time of operating the main circuit breaker was 16.1 kA. After the main circuit breaker is disconnected, fault current is transferred to the energy consumption branch circuit provided with the lightning arrester, and sub-module capacitors of the main circuit breaker are charged in the process. The transfer is completed by about 0.8ms of fault current, and the sub-module capacitor voltage of the main circuit breaker reaches 3.7 kV. The voltage that main circuit breaker endured at this moment is 917.0kV, is 1.83 times of direct current electric wire netting rated voltage.
As can be seen from fig. 16-18, since the fault point is closer to the converter station 2, after the dc short circuit fault occurs, the dc voltage at the port of the converter station 2 rapidly drops to about 0, and the dc voltages at the ports of the other converter stations also drop correspondingly. The current at the dc outlets of the converter stations 1-4 rises rapidly and fault current is fed to the fault point. The current rise speed of the converter stations 1, 2 is fastest due to the proximity to the fault point. When a fault occurs, the current change rate of the smoothing reactor is very large, so the instantaneous voltage of the smoothing reactor exceeds 400 kV.
In addition, the novel high-voltage direct-current circuit breaker can quickly isolate direct-current faults within 4ms, the current during the on-off process is 16.1kA, and the performance requirements of the direct-current circuit breaker are met. If the direct current breaker is reclosed 500ms after the fault is cleared, the safety and stability characteristics of the system are not affected.
Claims (10)
1. A self-energy supply control method of a novel high-voltage direct current breaker is characterized by comprising the following steps: firstly, adopting a topological structure of a novel high-voltage direct-current circuit breaker; then, analyzing the overall action characteristics and the control strategy of the circuit breaker aiming at 3 modes of starting energy charging, steady-state operation and fault processing, and carrying out energy supplementing cycle calculation on the direct-current circuit breaker; and finally, a typical example system is set up to carry out simulation research, and the effectiveness and feasibility of the topology of the circuit breaker and the control strategy of the topology are verified.
2. The self-powered control method of the novel high-voltage direct current circuit breaker according to claim 1, characterized in that: the novel high-voltage direct-current circuit breaker comprises a main circuit breaker, a daily through-current branch and a fault current breaking branch which are connected in parallel;
the daily through-current branch comprises an ultra-fast mechanical switch and a load transfer switch which are connected in series; the fault current-breaking branch is formed by connecting a plurality of current-breaking units in series;
the load transfer switch and the main breaker adopt an enhanced half-bridge submodule EHBSM.
3. The self-powered control method of the novel high-voltage direct current circuit breaker according to claim 2, characterized in that: the EHBSM consists of 2 IGBTs, 4 diodes and 1 sub-module capacitor;
the EHBSM includes 2 switching states of an on state and an off state, which are specifically as follows:
in a conducting state, when 1GBT in the EHBSM is switched on, current directly flows through the IGBT or the parallel diode thereof, and the capacitor is bypassed;
an off state, when the IGBT in the EHBSM is turned off, current needs to flow from the capacitor, and the flow of direct current is impeded;
according to different operation scenes, the novel high-voltage direct-current circuit breaker has 3 different working modes, namely a starting energy charging mode, a steady-state operation mode and a fault processing mode.
4. The self-powered control method of the novel high-voltage direct current circuit breaker according to claim 3, characterized in that: the starting charging mode comprises the following steps:
step S11, the ultra-fast mechanical switch of the daily through-flow branch of the novel high-voltage direct-current breaker is in a turn-off state, the IGBT of the load transfer switch is in a turn-off state, and the IGBT of the fault cut-off branch is also in a turn-off state;
step S12, each converter station in the direct current system is started, the reference value of transmission power is set to be 1% -5%, and the current in the direct current circuit is ensured to be maintained at a low level; since the ultra-fast mechanical switch is not yet closed, current will flow from the main breaker to charge the capacitor;
step S13, when the voltage of the sub-module capacitor in the main breaker reaches the threshold value required by the IGBT trigger, enabling the IGBT drive circuit, and charging the sub-module capacitor of the main breaker in groups;
step S14, setting the main breaker to a conducting state after charging; the current flows through the main circuit breaker, and the voltage borne by the ultra-fast mechanical switch is 0;
step S15, turning off EHBSM in a small number of main circuit breakers, and transferring direct current to a normal current branch circuit by the reverse voltage superposed by the sub-module capacitors so as to charge a load transfer switch;
and step S16, after the load transfer switch is charged, the load transfer switch and the main breaker are both set to be in a conducting state, then the power reference value of the direct current system is increased to a rated level, and the system enters a steady-state operation mode.
5. The self-powered control method of the novel high-voltage direct current circuit breaker according to claim 4, characterized in that: in the steady-state operation mode, the load transfer switch and the IGBT driving circuit of the main circuit breaker are used for load transfer to remove steady-state energy compensation and main circuit breaker steady-state energy compensation through respective capacitors.
6. The self-powered control method of the novel high-voltage direct current circuit breaker according to claim 5, characterized in that: the control steps of the load transfer switch for steady-state energy compensation are as follows:
step S21, when detecting that the capacitor voltage of any sub-module of the load transfer switch is lower than the steady-state threshold lower limit UminWhen the load is switched off, the EHBSMs in a small number of main circuit breakers are set to be in an off state, and the load transfer switch is switched off; since the reverse voltage of the main breaker is greater than the reverse voltage of the load transfer switch, the direct current will charge the capacitor in the load transfer switch;
step S22, when detecting that any one sub-module capacitance voltage of the load transfer switch is higher than the upper limit U of the steady state threshold valuemaxIn this case, the load transfer switch and the main breaker are turned on, and the energy supply is completed.
7. The self-powered control method of the novel high-voltage direct current circuit breaker according to claim 5, characterized in that: the control steps of the main breaker for steady-state energy compensation are as follows:
step S31, when detecting that the capacitor voltage of any sub-module of the main breaker is lower than the steady state threshold lower limit UminWhen the load is switched off, the load transfer switch is switched off, and the direct current is transferred to the branch circuit of the main circuit breaker;
step S32, charging EHBSM in the main breaker in groups, the process is as follows: dividing the EHBSMs in the main circuit breaker into N groups, wherein the number of each group is smaller than that of the EHBSMs in the load transfer switch; the EHBSMs of the ith (i ═ l,2, …, N) group are turned off, the EHBSMs of the rest groups are turned on, and since the total reverse voltage generated by the load transfer switches is greater than that generated by the ith group of EHBSMs in the main circuit breaker, direct current flows from the main circuit breaker branch circuit to the EHBS of the ith groupCharging by M; when the voltage of the EHBSM capacitor of the ith group reaches the upper threshold limit UmaxAt this time, it indicates that the EHBSM of the group has completed charging, and it is set to the on state at this time; after the ith group finishes charging, starting to charge the EHBSMs of the next group after a period of time interval until all the EHBSMs of the main circuit breaker finish charging;
step S33, after the main breaker finishes charging, all EHBSMs of the main breaker are set to be in a conducting state;
and step S34, setting the load transfer switch to be in a conducting state, transferring the direct current from the main breaker branch to the daily through-current branch, and finishing the energy supplement of the main breaker.
8. The self-powered control method of the novel high-voltage direct current circuit breaker according to claim 5, characterized in that: the fault processing mode is used for DC fault processing of the novel high-voltage DC circuit breaker, and the steps are as follows:
step S41, when the circuit breaker is in steady state operation, the ultra-fast mechanical switch, the load transfer switch and the main circuit breaker are all in a closed conducting state, and the direct current flowing out of the current converter flows through the daily through-current branch;
step S42, the DC line is at t0Earth fault at time, circuit breaker at t1Receiving an action command at all times, and immediately applying an on-off signal to the load transfer switch; after a time delay, the load transfer switch is at t2The switching-off action is completed at any time, and the reverse voltage generated by the capacitor forces the direct current to be rapidly transferred to the fault current-breaking branch circuit;
step S43, applying a switching-off signal to the ultra-fast mechanical switch, and completing the switching-off action of the ultra-fast mechanical switch at the h moment after a certain time delay;
step S44, when the ultra-fast mechanical switch is in the off state, the on-off signal is applied to the main breaker, and at t4The on-off action is completed at any time, and the reverse voltage generated by the capacitor in the main breaker forces the fault current to be transferred to an energy consumption branch circuit consisting of the lightning arrester;
in step S45, the residual energy is dissipated by the lightning arrester.
9. The self-powered control method of the novel high-voltage direct current circuit breaker according to claim 5, characterized in that: the direct current breaker energy supplementing period is calculated by calculating the energy dissipation rate of the capacitor of the EHBSM; the energy consumed by the EHBSM capacitor comprises two parts, namely energy consumed for supplying energy to the IGBT driving circuit; the other part is the energy consumed by the voltage-sharing resistor connected in parallel with the capacitor.
10. The self-powered control method of the novel high-voltage direct current circuit breaker according to claim 5, characterized in that: the simulation research adopts a typical example system which is a four-terminal test system built in PSCAD/EMTDC.
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