CN113839295A - Laser pulse modulator based on BiOCl crystal and application thereof in all-solid-state laser - Google Patents
Laser pulse modulator based on BiOCl crystal and application thereof in all-solid-state laser Download PDFInfo
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- 229910019901 yttrium aluminum garnet Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000000087 laser glass Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- -1 lutetium aluminum Chemical compound 0.000 claims description 3
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- 229910052691 Erbium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
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- RKTYLMNFRDHKIL-UHFFFAOYSA-N copper;5,10,15,20-tetraphenylporphyrin-22,24-diide Chemical compound [Cu+2].C1=CC(C(=C2C=CC([N-]2)=C(C=2C=CC=CC=2)C=2C=CC(N=2)=C(C=2C=CC=CC=2)C2=CC=C3[N-]2)C=2C=CC=CC=2)=NC1=C3C1=CC=CC=C1 RKTYLMNFRDHKIL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01S—DEVICES USING THE PROCESS OF LIGHT AMPLIFICATION BY STIMULATED EMISSION OF RADIATION [LASER] TO AMPLIFY OR GENERATE LIGHT; DEVICES USING STIMULATED EMISSION OF ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION IN WAVE RANGES OTHER THAN OPTICAL
- H01S3/00—Lasers, i.e. devices using stimulated emission of electromagnetic radiation in the infrared, visible or ultraviolet wave range
- H01S3/10—Controlling the intensity, frequency, phase, polarisation or direction of the emitted radiation, e.g. switching, gating, modulating or demodulating
- H01S3/11—Mode locking; Q-switching; Other giant-pulse techniques, e.g. cavity dumping
- H01S3/1106—Mode locking
- H01S3/1112—Passive mode locking
- H01S3/1115—Passive mode locking using intracavity saturable absorbers
- H01S3/1118—Semiconductor saturable absorbers, e.g. semiconductor saturable absorber mirrors [SESAMs]; Solid-state saturable absorbers, e.g. carbon nanotube [CNT] based
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Abstract
The invention relates to a BiOCl crystal-based laser pulse modulator and application thereof in an all-solid-state laser, wherein the BiOCl laser pulse modulator is made of BiOCl crystals, and the all-solid-state laser of the BiOCl laser pulse modulator comprises a pumping source, a front cavity mirror, a laser gain medium, the BiOCl laser pulse modulator and an output mirror which are sequentially arranged along a light path. The invention uses BiOCl crystal as laser pulse modulator, which has the following advantages: the BiOCl crystal does not contain doped ions, and has high efficiency and uniformity as a saturable absorber; the transmission waveband of the BiOCl crystal is 0.4-15 mu m, the BiOCl crystal can realize saturable absorption in the waveband, and the BiOCl crystal can be used for laser modulation from visible light to infrared waveband; the preparation is easy, the crystal can be grown by a gas phase transmission method, the yield is high, the single crystal property is good, the size is large, the processing is easy, the surface is smooth, the crystal can be directly used for modulating laser pulses, and the production and processing processes are very convenient; the method has the advantages of no toxicity, high stability and relatively small forbidden band width, and is easy to perform pulse modulation.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a laser pulse modulator based on BiOCl crystal and application thereof in an all-solid-state laser, belonging to the technical field of laser.
Background
With the development of laser technology, nonlinearityOptics has found wide application in the laser field. The laser q-switching and mode-locking technology based on the nonlinear optical principle can generate femtosecond and picosecond pulse lasers with different wavelengths. The pulse laser has the advantages of high peak power, large energy and the like, is one of important operation modes and development directions of the laser, and has important application in various fields such as military and national defense, scientific research, medical treatment and health care and the like. The Q-switching and mode-locking technologies can be divided into active modulation and passive modulation according to a modulation mode, wherein the passive modulation has the advantages of compact structure, low energy consumption, easy realization and the like, and is widely concerned. The saturable absorber utilizes the nonlinear saturable absorption characteristic of a material to realize periodic modulation of loss of an optical resonant cavity so as to generate pulse laser, is a core component of a passive modulation laser, and is widely applied to lasers such as Q-switching and mode-locking lasers. There are three types of saturable absorbent materials commonly used today: 1. semiconductor materials such as gallium arsenide or Specially Engineered Saturable Absorber Mirrors (SESAMs); 2. crystalline materials with special ion doping, e.g. Cr4+YAG plasma doped crystal or ceramic. 3. Two-dimensional nonlinear optical materials, such as transition metal sulfides, graphene, bismuth-based topological insulators, transition metal oxides, bismuth nanomaterials and the like. The first two materials have more complex preparation processes, strong dependence of saturable absorption performance on wavelength, mainly concentrated on visible and near-infrared bands, limited application wavelength range and less varieties suitable for intermediate-infrared bands. The preparation of the two-dimensional material is simple, and the two-dimensional material is widely applied to pulse lasers with different wave bands. However, due to the lack of broadband nonlinear optical response, the development of these materials is still limited to the mid-infrared range. The broadband saturable absorber is applied to the laser, and has important significance and practical value for the development of pulse laser, particularly in the infrared band pulse laser.
The Metal Oxyhalide (MOX) crystal structure mostly presents two-dimensional layered characteristics, atomic layers are supported by Van der Waals force, so that the Metal Oxyhalide (MOX) crystal has layered growth habit, is easy to process and strip, and is a good nonlinear optical material. Among them, BiOCl, as an indirect bandgap semiconductor, has a narrow bandgap, shows a high visible light photocatalytic activity, and is widely used in photocatalysis. BiOCl is used as a photocatalyst and has the advantages of no toxicity, high stability, relatively small forbidden band width, high oxygen evolution activity in an aqueous solution and the like. However, the saturable absorption effect of BiOC1 has not been found so far.
Chinese patent CN105958313A discloses a laser pulse modulator based on CrOCl crystal and application thereof in an all-solid-state laser, which realizes the output of pulse laser with 1.06 μm and 1.34 μm. The CrOCl crystal grows by adopting a gas phase transmission method, has an ultra-wide transmission range (0.8-18 mu m) and broadband saturated absorption in an infrared band, has a high damage threshold and uniform quality, can be used as a saturable absorber of a wide band, and generates Q-switched pulse laser. However, the CrOCl crystal cannot realize laser modulation in the visible light band. The transmission waveband of the BiOCl crystal is 0.4-15 mu m, the BiOCl crystal can realize saturable absorption in the waveband, and can be used for laser modulation from visible light to infrared waveband, while the CrOCl crystal cannot be used in the visible waveband. In addition, the crystal structures of both the CrOCl crystal and the BiOCl crystal are completely different although they have a lamellar growth habit: the structure of the BiOCl crystal is P4/nmm space group, a tetragonal system, belonging to the crystal of PbClF structure; the structure of the CrOCl crystal is Pmmmn space group, an orthorhombic system, and belongs to a crystal with an FeOCl structure. Therefore, BiOCl is fundamentally different from CrOCl in terms of nonlinear optical properties such as structure and light transmission band.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects of the prior art, the invention provides a laser pulse modulator based on BiOCl crystal;
the invention provides the application of the laser pulse modulator in an all-solid-state laser.
The invention uses BiOCl crystal as saturable absorber as laser pulse modulator for the first time, and uses the BiOCl crystal as existing Cr crystal4+Compared with a saturable absorber doped with crystal or ceramic and a two-dimensional layered transition metal compound, the saturable absorber has the following remarkable advantages: (1) the BiOCl crystal does not contain doped ions, and accordingly the saturable absorption effect of the BiOCl crystal has high efficiency and uniformity. (2) The working wave band is wide. The transmission waveband of the BiOCl crystal is 0.4-15 mu m, and the BiOCl crystal can realize saturable absorption in the waveband and can be usedLaser modulation in the visible to infrared band. (3) The BiOCl crystal is a crystal material with a sheet structure, can be grown by a gas phase transmission method, has high yield, good single crystal property, large size and smooth surface, and can be directly used for modulating laser pulse. (4) BiOCl is generally used in cosmetics and has the advantages of no toxicity and high stability, is a commonly used photocatalytic material, has relatively small forbidden bandwidth, and is easy to perform pulse modulation.
Interpretation of terms
The "permeability increasing": generally means that the light transmittance to specific wavelength is not less than 95%;
"highly reflective" generally means having a light reflectance of no less than 99% at a particular wavelength;
"partially reflective" generally refers to a light reflectance of between 30% and 99% for a particular wavelength.
The technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
the BiOCl laser pulse modulator is a BiOCl crystal.
According to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the thickness of the BiOCl crystal is 20 to 200 micrometers, and more preferably 50 to 200 micrometers.
According to the invention, the light passing surface of the BiOCl crystal is preferably coated with an antireflection dielectric film which is beneficial to laser oscillation. The dielectric film can change the reflectivity of the oscillating light according to the use requirement, overcomes the defects caused by factors such as unchangeable reflectivity and the like when no film is coated, and is beneficial to the design of a pulse laser.
According to the invention, preferably, the BiOCl laser pulse modulator is made of a BiOCl crystal, and the specific steps include:
(1) the BiOCl crystal is prepared by a gas phase transmission method, and the required thickness of the BiOCl crystal is calculated by combining the required initial transmittance of the linear optical absorption coefficient of the BiOCl crystal;
(2) and stripping BiOCl crystals with required thickness, and processing the BiOCl crystals into devices with regular shapes such as rectangles, squares, circles and the like.
According to the present invention, preferably, the preparation method of the BiOCl crystal comprises the following steps: BiCl with the purity of 99.99 percent3Fully reacting with pure water at a ratio of 1:1, and filtering and drying the obtained solution to obtain BiOCarrying out vacuum high-temperature calcination purification on Cl powder; and then placing the quartz tube in a vacuum-sealed quartz tube, taking HCl as a transmission medium, heating the quartz tube, setting a low-temperature end and a high-temperature end to form a temperature gradient for crystal growth, and cooling to room temperature after BiOCl crystal growth is finished.
According to the present invention, the cell parameters of the above BiOCl crystal at room temperature are preferably:
alpha-beta-gamma-90 DEG, the BiOCl crystal transmission waveband is 0.4-15 mu m, and the laser with any wavelength in the waveband can be modulated.
The pulse modulation device can be used for Q-switching and mode-locking pulse modulation of broadband laser from visible light to infrared light and can generate pulse laser.
Particularly preferred is the use of a BiOCl pulse modulation device for pulsing lasers for all-solid-state lasers.
A BiOCl laser pulse modulator-based all-solid-state laser comprises a pumping source, a front cavity mirror, a laser gain medium, the BiOCl laser pulse modulator and an output mirror which are sequentially arranged along a light path. The front cavity mirror and the output mirror form a resonant cavity, the front cavity mirror is coated with a high-reflection dielectric film for the laser wave band, and the output mirror is coated with a partial-reflection dielectric film for the laser wave band. And placing the BiOCl laser pulse modulator in a resonant cavity of the all-solid-state laser to manufacture the laser of a Q-switching device or a mode-locking device.
According to the pulse modulation laser for all-solid-state laser, the laser gain medium is a solid medium which can generate laser gain, such as a semiconductor, a laser crystal, laser ceramic or laser glass, and the like, and is processed into a cylinder or a cuboid, the end face of the laser gain medium is coated with a medium film which is beneficial to absorption of pump light and laser oscillation, and the laser gain medium can be only polished without coating. Preferably, the laser gain medium is ytterbium-doped yttrium aluminum garnet Yb: YAG crystal, ytterbium-doped lutetium aluminum garnet Yb: LuAG crystal, and ytterbium-doped Yb: Lu2O3YAG crystal or Nd doped yttrium aluminum garnet Nd, Er doped Lu2O3Crystal thulium doped Tm: Lu2O3Crystals with doping concentrations well known in the industry.
According to the invention, the pumping source is preferably a semiconductor Laser Diode (LD) or a xenon lamp, and provides pumping energy. The pumping mode is end pumping or side pumping.
The front cavity mirror and the output mirror form a resonant cavity, the front cavity mirror is coated with a high-reflection dielectric film for the laser working wave band, and the output mirror is coated with a reflection dielectric film for the laser working wave band.
According to the pulse modulation laser for all-solid-state laser, the BiOCl laser pulse modulator is placed in the resonant cavity to form Q-switched or mode-locked laser output. The parameters of the resonant cavity of the all-solid-state pulse laser can be designed by self, such as the cavity length, the curvature of the cavity mirror, the coupling transmittance of the output mirror and the like, and the cavity type can be changed by adding the all-reflecting mirror according to the actual requirement, and the related design is a technology well known in the field.
The details of the lasers of the Q-switched device or mode-locked device are described below.
1. According to the pulse modulation laser for all-solid-state laser described above, preferably, the pulse modulation laser for all-solid-state laser based on BiOCl is an end-pumped Q-switched laser:
an end-pumped Q-switched laser based on a BiOCl laser pulse modulator comprises a pumping source, an optical fiber coupling system, a focusing system, a front cavity mirror, a laser gain medium, the BiOCl laser pulse modulator and an output mirror which are sequentially arranged along a light path.
According to the invention, the front cavity mirror and the output mirror form a resonant cavity, and the length of the resonant cavity is 1-10 cm. In order to suppress the generation of mode-locked laser, the shorter the resonator, the better, and 1cm is the most preferable. And pumping light emitted by a pumping source is input into the laser gain medium through the optical fiber coupling system, the focusing system and the front cavity mirror, the generated laser is modulated by the BiOCl laser pulse modulator, and Q-switched pulses are output from one end of the output mirror.
The pumping source is a Laser Diode (LD) with the emission wavelength of 940 nm;
the front cavity mirror is a flat front cavity mirror, the surface of one end close to the focusing system is plated with a dielectric film for increasing the permeability of 940nm, and the surface of one end close to the laser gain medium is plated with a dielectric film for high reflection of 1.05-1.1 mu m;
the laser gain medium is Yb, LuAG single crystal fiber, Yb3+Ion concentration 10 at.%;
the surface of the output mirror close to one end of the laser gain medium is plated with a dielectric film which partially reflects 1.05-1.1 mu m (the reflectivity is 70% -90%), and the surface of the other end of the output mirror is plated with a dielectric film which is anti-reflection for 1.05-1.1 mu m.
When the gain medium is output by using Yb: LuAG single crystal optical fiber as 1030nn wavelength, the corresponding dielectric film plated on the output mirror is also changed correspondingly. The output mirror is a flat mirror, the surface of one end close to the laser gain medium is plated with a dielectric film which partially reflects 1.02-1.04 mu m (the reflectivity is 70% -90%), and the surface of the other end is plated with a dielectric film which is anti-reflection for 1.02-1.04 mu m.
When the gain medium is changed into Nd: YAG crystal to be output as 1064nm wavelength, the pumping source is a laser emitting 808nm wavelength, and the dielectric films plated on both sides of the corresponding front cavity mirror and output mirror are also changed correspondingly. The front cavity mirror is a plane mirror, the surface of one end close to the pumping source is plated with a dielectric film for increasing the reflection of 808nm, and the surface of one end close to the resonant cavity is plated with a dielectric film for high reflection of 1.05-1.1 mu m; the output mirror is a plano-concave mirror with the radius of 10-1000mm, the concave surface of the output mirror is coated with a dielectric film which reflects part of 1.05-1.1 mu m and has the reflectivity of 70% -99%, and the plane of the output mirror is coated with a dielectric film which increases the transmission of 1.05-1.1 mu m.
When the gain medium is changed into Er: Lu2O3When the crystal is output as the wavelength of 3 μm, the pumping source is a laser emitting the wavelength of 980nm, and the dielectric films plated on both sides of the corresponding front cavity mirror and output mirror are also changed correspondingly. The front cavity mirror is a plane mirror, the surface of one end close to the pumping source is plated with a dielectric film for increasing the reflection of 980nm, and the surface of one end close to the resonant cavity is plated with a dielectric film for high reflection of 2.7-2.9 mu m; the output mirror is a plano-concave mirror with the radius of 10-1000mm, the concave surface of the output mirror is coated with a dielectric film which reflects part of 2.7-2.9 mu m and has the reflectivity of 70% -99%, and the plane of the output mirror is coated with a dielectric film which increases the reflection of 2.7-2.9 mu m.
Lu when the gain medium becomes Tm2O3When the crystal is output as a wavelength of 2 mu m, pumpingThe source is a laser emitting the wavelength of 790nm, and the dielectric films plated on the two sides of the corresponding front cavity mirror and the output mirror are also changed correspondingly. The front cavity mirror is a plane mirror, the surface of one end close to the pumping source is plated with a dielectric film for increasing the reflection of 790nm, and the surface of one end close to the resonant cavity is plated with a dielectric film for high reflection of 1.9-2 mu m; the output mirror is a plano-concave mirror with radius of 10-1000mm, the concave surface is coated with a dielectric film which reflects part of 1.9-2 μm and has reflectivity of 70% -99%, and the plane is coated with a dielectric film which increases the reflection of 1.9-2 μm.
2. According to the pulse modulation laser for all-solid-state laser described above, preferably, the pulse modulation laser for all-solid-state laser based on BiOCl is an end-pumped BiOCl mode-locked laser:
an end face pumping mode-locked laser based on a BiOCl laser pulse modulator comprises a pumping source, an optical fiber coupling system, a focusing system, a front cavity mirror, a laser gain medium, a plano-concave reflecting mirror, the BiOCl laser pulse modulator and an output mirror which are sequentially arranged along a light path. The front cavity mirror, the plano-concave reflecting mirror and the output mirror form a V-shaped resonant cavity.
The pump light emitted by the pump source is input into the laser gain medium through the optical fiber coupling system, the focusing system and the front cavity mirror, the generated laser is modulated by the BiOCl laser pulse modulator, and finally the mode locking pulse is output through the output mirror.
According to the invention, the pump source is a Laser Diode (LD) with an emission wavelength of 976 nm; the front cavity mirror is a plane mirror, the surface of one end close to the focusing system is plated with a dielectric film for increasing the reflection of 976nm, and the surface of one end close to the laser gain medium is plated with a dielectric film for high reflection of 1.02-1.1 mu m;
the laser gain medium is Yb: YAG crystal; the incident end face is plated with a dielectric film which can increase the transmission of 976nm and 1.02-1.1 mu m, and the emergent end face is plated with a dielectric film which can increase the transmission of 1.02-1.1 mu m.
The concave surface of the plano-concave reflector is plated with a dielectric film with high reflection to 1.02-1.1 mu m;
the output mirror is a plane output mirror, a partially reflective dielectric film with the reflectivity of 97 percent for 1.02-1.1 mu m is coated on the surface of one end close to the V-shaped resonant cavity, and a dielectric film with the anti-reflection performance for 1.02-1.1 mu m is coated on the surface of the other end.
When the gain medium is changed into Nd, namely the Nd is output as 1064nm wavelength, the pumping source is a laser emitting 808nm wavelength, and the dielectric films plated on the two sides of the corresponding front cavity mirror and the output mirror are also changed correspondingly. The front cavity mirror is a plane mirror, the surface of one end close to the pumping source is plated with a dielectric film for increasing the reflection of 808nm, and the surface of one end close to the resonant cavity is plated with a dielectric film for high reflection of 1.05-1.1 mu m; the output mirror is a plano-concave mirror with the radius of 10-1000mm, the concave surface of the output mirror is coated with a dielectric film which reflects part of 1.05-1.1 mu m and has the reflectivity of 70% -99%, and the plane of the output mirror is coated with a dielectric film which increases the transmission of 1.05-1.1 mu m.
3. According to the above pulse modulated laser for all-solid-state laser, preferably, the pulse modulated laser for all-solid-state laser based on BiOCl is a side-pumped BiOCl Q-switched laser:
a xenon lamp side pumping passive Q-switched pulse laser based on a BiOCl laser pulse modulator comprises a front cavity mirror, a pumping source, a laser gain medium, the BiOCl laser pulse modulator and an output mirror, wherein the front cavity mirror, the pumping source, the laser gain medium, the BiOCl laser pulse modulator and the output mirror are sequentially arranged along a light path, and the pumping source is a xenon lamp.
The front cavity mirror is a plane mirror, and a dielectric film with high reflection of 1.02-1.1 μm is plated on the surface of one end close to the laser gain medium;
the laser gain medium is Yb: YAG crystal;
the surface of one end of the output mirror, which is close to the laser gain medium, is plated with a dielectric film with the reflectivity of 60% to 1030nm, and the other end of the output mirror is plated with a dielectric film which is anti-reflection to 1030 nm.
The modulation of the BiOCl laser pulse modulator can realize the Q-switched laser output at 1030 nm.
The BiOCl pulse modulation device provided by the invention can be used for Q modulation and mode locking of all-solid-state laser generating visible light, infrared or ultraviolet, comprises laser generated by a semiconductor, a laser crystal, laser ceramic and laser glass, and can realize modulation of broadband pulse laser. Pulse laser output can be obtained by increasing the pumping power.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. the BiOCl laser pulse modulator provided by the invention is an optical saturable absorber made of a brand-new metal oxyhalide material.
2. The BiOCl crystal has good single crystallinity, does not contain doped ions, and ensures the high efficiency and uniformity of saturable absorption effect.
3. The working wave band is wide. The transmission waveband of the BiOCl crystal is 0.4-15 mu m, and the BiOCl crystal covers visible light to near infrared waveband and has a modulation effect on laser with any wavelength in the waveband.
4. BiOCl is generally used in cosmetics and photocatalysis, has the advantages of no toxicity, high stability, relatively small forbidden band width and easy pulse modulation.
5. Simple manufacture, low cost and convenient industrialization and batch production. The unique flaky crystal morphology and smooth surface make the processing extremely convenient.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of an open-cell Z-scan experimental apparatus for testing in accordance with the present invention; the device comprises a pump source 1, a spectroscope 2, a focusing lens 3, a BiOCl crystal 4, a first energy meter 5, a second energy meter 6 and a focusing lens.
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the test results of the 532nm open-cell Z-scan experiment of the present invention.
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of the test results of the 1064nm open-hole Z-scan experiment of the present invention.
FIG. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of a Q-switched laser based on a BiOCl laser pulse modulator for end-pumping; 7, a pumping source, 8, an optical fiber coupling system, 9, a focusing system, 10, a front cavity mirror, 11, a laser gain medium, 12, a BiOCl laser pulse modulator, 13 and an output mirror.
Fig. 5(a) is a schematic diagram of an output spectrum of a BiOCl laser pulse modulator in the Q-switched laser shown in fig. 4 when the operating wavelength of the laser is 1047 nm.
Fig. 5(b) is a schematic diagram illustrating an average output power of a BiOCl laser pulse modulator in the Q-switched laser shown in fig. 4 when the operating wavelength of the laser is 1047 nm.
Fig. 5(c) shows the pulse width of the BiOCl laser pulse modulator in the Q-switched laser shown in fig. 4 when the operating wavelength of the laser is 1047 nm.
Fig. 5(d) is a schematic diagram of a repetition frequency of a BiOCl laser pulse modulator in the Q-switched laser shown in fig. 4 when the operating wavelength of the laser is 1047 nm.
Fig. 5(e) is a schematic diagram of a single pulse energy of a BiOCl laser pulse modulator in the Q-switched laser shown in fig. 4 when the operating wavelength of the laser is 1047 nm.
Fig. 5(f) is a schematic diagram showing the peak power of the BiOCl laser pulse modulator in the Q-switched laser shown in fig. 4 when the operating wavelength of the laser is 1047 nm.
Fig. 5(g) is a schematic diagram illustrating a pulse sequence and a waveform of a BiOCl laser pulse modulator in the Q-switched laser shown in fig. 4 when the laser operating wavelength is 1047 nm.
Fig. 6(a) is a schematic diagram of an output spectrum of a BiOCl laser pulse modulator in the Q-switched laser shown in fig. 4 when the operating wavelength of the laser is 1033 nm.
Fig. 6(b) is a schematic diagram showing the average output power of the BiOCl laser pulse modulator in the Q-switched laser shown in fig. 4 when the laser operating wavelength is 1033 nm.
Fig. 6(c) shows the pulse width of the BiOCl laser pulse modulator in the Q-switched laser described in fig. 4 when the laser operating wavelength is 1033 nm.
Fig. 6(d) is a schematic diagram showing the repetition frequency of the BiOCl laser pulse modulator in the Q-switched laser shown in fig. 4 when the laser operating wavelength is 1033 nm.
Fig. 6(e) is a schematic diagram showing the single-pulse energy of the BiOCl laser pulse modulator in the Q-switched laser shown in fig. 4 when the laser operating wavelength is 1033 nm.
Fig. 6(f) is a schematic diagram showing the peak power of the BiOCl laser pulse modulator in the Q-switched laser shown in fig. 4 when the laser operating wavelength is 1033 nm.
Fig. 6(g) is a schematic diagram showing a pulse sequence and a waveform of a BiOCl laser pulse modulator in the Q-switched laser shown in fig. 4 when the laser operating wavelength is 1033 nm.
FIG. 7 is a schematic structural diagram of a mode-locked laser based on a BiOCl laser pulse modulator for end-pumping; 14, a plano-concave mirror, 15 and an output mirror.
Fig. 8 is a structural schematic diagram of a xenon lamp side-pumped passive Q-switched pulse laser based on a BiOCl laser pulse modulator.
Detailed Description
The present invention is further limited, but not limited, to the following embodiments of the present invention, which are described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. In the description of the drawings, the same elements are denoted by the same reference numerals, and redundant description is omitted.
Example 1
The BiOCl laser pulse modulator is made of BiOCl crystals and comprises the following specific steps:
(1) the BiOCl crystal is prepared by a gas phase transmission method, and the required thickness of the BiOCl crystal is calculated by combining the required initial transmittance of the linear optical absorption coefficient of the BiOCl crystal;
(2) stripping BiOCl crystal with required thickness, and processing the BiOCl crystal into devices with regular shapes such as rectangle, square and circle;
preferably, according to the invention, the thickness of the BiOCl crystal is 20-200 microns. Further preferably 50 to 200 μm.
According to the invention, the light passing surface of the BiOCl crystal is preferably coated with an antireflection dielectric film which is beneficial to laser oscillation. The dielectric film can change the reflectivity of the oscillating light according to the use requirement, overcomes the defects caused by factors such as unchangeable reflectivity and the like when no film is coated, and is beneficial to the design of a pulse laser.
The preparation method of the BiOCl crystal comprises the following specific steps: BiCl3 with the purity of 99.99% and pure water react fully at the ratio of 1:1, the obtained solution is filtered and dried to obtain BiOCl powder, and the BiOCl powder is calcined and purified at high temperature in vacuum. And then placing the quartz tube in a vacuum-sealed quartz tube, taking HCl as a transmission medium, heating the quartz tube, setting a low-temperature end and a high-temperature end to form a temperature gradient for crystal growth, and cooling to room temperature after BiOCl crystal growth is finished.
The pulse modulation device of the present example was applied to the Z-scan test in example 2, the Q-switching device as the pulse modulation laser for all-solid-state laser in examples 3, 4, and 6, and the mode-locked device in example 5.
Example 2
According to the invention, the open-hole Z scanning test shows that the BiOCl crystal has strong saturable absorption characteristics, namely, the transmittance is low under weak light irradiation, and the transmittance is remarkably improved under strong light irradiation. The experimental device is shown in fig. 1, and comprises a pumping source 1, a spectroscope 2, a focusing lens 3, a BiOCl crystal 4, a first energy meter 5 and a second energy meter 6 which are sequentially arranged along a light path. The spectroscope 2 divides an outgoing light beam of the pumping source 1 into two beams, a first light beam irradiates on the focusing lens 3, the focal length of the focusing lens 3 is 300mm, the first light beam irradiates on the first energy meter 5 after penetrating through the focusing lens 3 and the BiOCl crystal 4, a second light beam irradiates on the second energy meter 6 to be used as a reference light beam, and the first energy meter 5 and the second energy meter 6 are connected with a computer for data acquisition. In the experimental process, the BiOCl crystal linearly moves on the track along the direction of the optical axis, the energy density of the light beam gradually rises when the BiOCl crystal is close to the focus, the maximum energy density is reached at the position of the focus, and the energy density of the light beam gradually decreases after passing through the focus.
The pump source 1 is a 532nm pulse laser which is independently built and is composed of a mode locking Nd: YAG pulse laser (model PY61C-10, produced by Continum corporation, USA) is realized by frequency doubling (wavelength 532nm, pulse width 10ps, and working frequency 200Hz), the experimental result is shown in FIG. 2, the fitting curve is the fitting of experimental data according to the nonlinear optical theory, the normalized transmittance is gradually increased to 148% when the BiOCl crystal approaches the focus position from a long distance along the optical axis direction, which indicates that the BiOCl crystal generates the saturated absorption phenomenon when passing through the vicinity of the focus position under the irradiation of 532nm laser.
When the pump source 1 is a 1064nm pulse laser, the obtained experimental results are shown in fig. 3, which shows that the bicol crystal generates a reverse saturation absorption phenomenon when passing through the vicinity of the focal position under the irradiation of 1064nm laser.
The BiOCl crystal has strong nonlinear optical characteristics, is more efficient and uniform in saturated absorption because of not belonging to a doped crystal, and can be used as a passive modulation element to generate pulse laser with high peak power.
Example 3
A Q-switched laser of an end-pumped BiOCl-based laser pulse modulator.
As shown in fig. 4, the optical fiber coupling device comprises a pump source 7, an optical fiber coupling system 8, a focusing system 9, a front cavity mirror 10, a laser gain medium 11, the BiOCl laser pulse modulator 12, and an output mirror 13, which are sequentially disposed along an optical path.
The pumping light emitted by the pumping source 7 is input into a laser gain medium 11 through an optical fiber coupling system 8, a focusing system 9 and a front cavity mirror 10, the generated laser is modulated by a BiOCl laser pulse modulator 12, and a Q-switched pulse is output from one end of an output mirror 13.
The pumping source 7 is a Laser Diode (LD) with the emission wavelength of 940 nm; the front cavity mirror 10 and the output mirror 13 form a second resonant cavity, and the length of the second resonant cavity is 19 mm; the front cavity mirror 10 is a flat front cavity mirror with the diameter of 25.4mm, the surface of one end close to the focusing system 9 is plated with a dielectric film for increasing the transmittance of 940nm, and the surface of one end close to the laser gain medium 11 is plated with a dielectric film for high reflection of 1.05-1.1 mu m; the surface of the output mirror 13 near one end of the laser gain medium 11 is plated with a dielectric film which is partially reflective to 1.05-1.1 μm, the reflectivity at 1.05-1.1 μm is about 90%, and the surface at the other end is plated with a dielectric film which is anti-reflection to 1.05-1.1 μm.
The laser gain medium is Yb, LuAG single crystal fiber, Yb3+Ion concentration 10 at.%; and (4) no film is coated.
The BiOCl laser pulse modulator 12 was made from example 1 and was 0.175mm thick.
The laser can utilize a BiOCl laser pulse modulator to realize Q-switched laser output with the wavelength of 1047 nm.
The output spectrum of the BiOCl laser pulse modulator in the Q-switched laser described in this embodiment is shown in fig. 5(a), and the central wavelength is 1047 nm. Average output power is shown in fig. 5(b), maximum average output power 1.794W. The pulse width is shown in fig. 5(c), and the narrowest pulse width is 171.2 ns. The repetition frequency was as shown in FIG. 5(d), and the highest repetition frequency was 401.1 kHz. Single pulse energy is shown in FIG. 5(e), with a maximum single pulse energy of 4.80. mu.J. The peak power is shown in fig. 5(f), and the maximum peak power is 28.02W. The pulse sequence and waveform are shown in fig. 5 (g).
Example 4
An end-pumped, BiOCl laser pulse modulator-based Q-switched laser according to embodiment 3, the difference being that:
the diameter of the output mirror 13 is 25.4mm, the surface near one end of the laser gain medium 11 is coated with a dielectric film which reflects part of 1.02-1.04 μm, the reflectivity at 1.02-1.04 μm is about 70%, and the surface at the other end is coated with a dielectric film which increases the transmission of 1.02-1.04 μm. The front cavity mirror 10 and the output mirror 13 form a second resonant cavity, and the length of the resonant cavity is 20 mm.
The laser can utilize a BiOCl laser pulse modulator to realize Q-switched laser output with the wavelength of 1033 nm.
The output spectrum of the BiOCl laser pulse modulator in the Q-switched laser described in this embodiment is shown in fig. 6(a), and the central wavelength is 1033 nm. Average output power is shown in fig. 6(b), maximum average output power 1.730W. The pulse width is as shown in fig. 6(c), and the narrowest pulse width is 214.5 ns. The repetition frequency was as shown in FIG. 6(d), with the highest repetition frequency of 408.8 kHz. Single pulse energy is shown in FIG. 6(e), with a maximum single pulse energy of 4.23. mu.J. The peak power is shown in fig. 6(f), and the maximum peak power is 19.73W. The pulse sequence and waveform are shown in fig. 6 (g).
Example 5
A mode-locked laser of an end-pumped BiOCl-based laser pulse modulator is provided.
As shown in fig. 7, the laser diode includes a pump source 7, an optical fiber coupling system 8, a focusing system 9, a front cavity mirror 10, a laser gain medium 11, a plano-concave reflecting mirror 14, the BiOCl laser pulse modulator 12, and an output mirror 15, which are sequentially disposed along an optical path, and are V-type resonant cavities.
The pump light emitted by the pump source 7 is input into the laser gain medium 11 through the fiber coupling system 8, the focusing system 9 and the front cavity mirror 10, the generated laser is modulated by the BiOCl laser pulse modulator 12, and finally the mode locking pulse is output through the output mirror 5.
The pumping source 7 is a Laser Diode (LD) with the emission wavelength of 976 nm; the front cavity mirror 10 is a plane mirror with the diameter of 20mm, the surface of one end close to the focusing system 9 is plated with a dielectric film for increasing the reflection of 976nm, and the surface of one end close to the laser gain medium 11 is plated with a dielectric film for high reflection of 1.02-1.1 μm; the concave surface of the plano-concave reflector 14 is plated with a dielectric film with high reflection to 1.02-1.1 μm; the output mirror 15 is a plane output mirror, the surface near one end of the V-shaped resonant cavity is coated with a partially reflective dielectric film with the reflectivity of 97% to 1030nm, and the surface at the other end is coated with a dielectric film for increasing the reflection of 1030 nm.
The laser gain medium 11 is Yb-YAG crystal Yb3+Ion concentration 0.5 at.%; the incident end face is plated with a dielectric film which can increase the transmission of 976nm and 1030nm, and the emergent end face is plated with a dielectric film which can increase the transmission of 1030 nm.
The mode locking device laser of the embodiment utilizes BiOCl crystal to realize mode locking laser output, and mode locking pulse laser can be directly output after the pumping power is increased to exceed the pumping threshold value.
Example 7
A passive Q-switched pulse laser based on a BiOCl laser pulse modulator for xenon lamp side pumping.
As shown in fig. 8, the laser diode comprises a front cavity mirror 10, a pumping source 16, a laser gain medium 11, the BiOCl laser pulse modulator 12 and an output mirror 13 which are sequentially arranged along an optical path, wherein the pumping source 16 is a xenon lamp.
The front cavity mirror 10 is a plane mirror, and a dielectric film with high reflection of 1.02-1.1 μm is plated on the surface of one end close to the laser gain medium 11; the surface of one end of the output mirror 13 close to the laser gain medium 11 is coated with a dielectric film with the reflectivity of 60% to 1030nm, and the other end is coated with a dielectric film for increasing the reflectivity to 1030 nm.
The laser gain medium 11 is Yb-YAG crystal Yb3+Ion concentration 0.4 at.%;
the modulation of the BiOCl laser pulse modulator 12 can realize the Q-switched laser output at 1030 nm.
Claims (10)
- The application of BiOCl crystal as laser pulse modulator.
- A BiOCl laser pulse modulator, the modulator being a BiOCl crystal.
- 3. The BiOCl laser pulse modulator of claim 2, wherein the BiOCl crystal thickness is 20-200 microns;preferably, the light passing surface of the BiOCl crystal is plated with an anti-reflection dielectric film which is beneficial to laser oscillation.
- 4. The BiOCl laser pulse modulator of claim 2 wherein the BiOCl laser pulse modulator is made of a BiOCl crystal, the specific steps comprising:(1) the BiOCl crystal is prepared by a gas phase transmission method, and the required thickness of the BiOCl crystal is calculated by combining the required initial transmittance of the linear optical absorption coefficient of the BiOCl crystal;(2) and stripping the BiOCl crystal with the required thickness, and processing the BiOCl crystal into a device with a regular shape, namely the BiOCl laser pulse modulator.
- 5. An all-solid-state laser based on the BiOCl laser pulse modulator of claim 2, comprising a pumping source, a front cavity mirror, a laser gain medium, the BiOCl laser pulse modulator, and an output mirror, which are sequentially arranged along an optical path.
- 6. The all-solid-state laser according to claim 5, wherein the first pump source is a semiconductor Laser Diode (LD) or a xenon lamp;the front cavity mirror and the output mirror form a resonant cavity, the front cavity mirror is plated with a high-reflection dielectric film for the laser working wave band, and the output mirror is plated with a partial-reflection dielectric film for the laser working wave band;the laser gain medium is a solid medium which can generate laser gain, such as a semiconductor, a laser crystal, laser ceramic or laser glass, and the like, and is processed into a cylinder or a cuboid, and the end surface of the laser gain medium is coated with a medium film which is beneficial to absorption of pump light and laser oscillation, or is only polished without coating;preferably, the laser gain medium is ytterbium-doped yttrium aluminum garnet Yb: YAG crystal, ytterbium-doped lutetium aluminum garnet Yb: LuAG crystal, and ytterbium-doped Yb: Lu2O3YAG crystal or Nd doped yttrium aluminum garnet Nd, Er doped Lu2O3Crystal thulium doped Tm: Lu2O3And (4) crystals.
- 7. An end-pumped Q-switched laser based on the BiOCl laser pulse modulator of claim 2, comprising a pumping source, a fiber coupling system, a focusing system, a front cavity mirror, a laser gain medium, the BiOCl laser pulse modulator, and an output mirror, which are arranged in sequence along an optical path.
- 8. The end-pumped Q-switched laser based on the BiOCl laser pulse modulator of claim 1, wherein the front cavity mirror and the output mirror constitute a resonant cavity, and the length of the resonant cavity is 1-10 cm;the pumping source is a Laser Diode (LD) with the emission wavelength of 940 nm;the front cavity mirror is a flat front cavity mirror, the surface of one end close to the focusing system is plated with a dielectric film for increasing the permeability of 940nm, and the surface of one end close to the laser gain medium is plated with a dielectric film for high reflection of 1.05-1.1 mu m;the laser gain medium is Yb, LuAG single crystal fiber, Yb3+Ion concentration 10 at.%;the surface of the output mirror close to one end of the laser gain medium is plated with a dielectric film which reflects 1.05-1.1 mu m partially and has a reflectivity of 70% -90%, and the surface of the other end of the output mirror is plated with a dielectric film which is anti-reflection to 1.05-1.1 mu m.
- 9. An end-pumped mode-locked laser based on the BiOCl laser pulse modulator of claim 2, which comprises a pumping source, a fiber coupling system, a focusing system, a front cavity mirror, a laser gain medium, a plano-concave reflecting mirror, the BiOCl laser pulse modulator, an output mirror, which are arranged along an optical path in sequence, and are V-shaped resonant cavities;preferably, the pumping source is a Laser Diode (LD) with the emission wavelength of 976nm, and the laser gain medium is Yb: YAG crystal; the incident end face is plated with a dielectric film for increasing the reflection of 976nm and 1030nm, and the emergent end face is plated with a dielectric film for increasing the reflection of 1030 nm; the front cavity mirror is a plane mirror, the surface of one end close to the focusing system is plated with a dielectric film for increasing the reflection of 976nm, and the surface of one end close to the laser gain medium is plated with a dielectric film for high reflection of 1.02-1.1 mu m; the concave surface of the plano-concave reflector is plated with a dielectric film with high reflection to 1.02-1.1 mu m; the output mirror is a plane output mirror, a partial reflection dielectric film with the reflectivity of 97 percent for 1030nm is coated on the surface of one end close to the V-shaped resonant cavity, and a dielectric film for increasing the reflection of 1030nm is coated on the surface of the other end.
- 10. A xenon lamp side pumping is based on the BiOCl laser pulse modulator passive Q-switched pulse laser device in claim 2, and comprises a front cavity mirror, a pumping source, a laser gain medium, the BiOCl laser pulse modulator and an output mirror which are sequentially arranged along an optical path, wherein the pumping source is a xenon lamp;preferably, the front cavity mirror is a plane mirror, and a dielectric film with high reflection of 1.02-1.1 μm is plated on the surface of one end close to the fourth laser gain medium; the surface of one end of the output mirror, which is close to the laser gain medium, is plated with a dielectric film with the reflectivity of 60 percent for 1030nm, and the other end of the output mirror is plated with a dielectric film for increasing the reflectivity of 1030 nm; the laser gain medium is Yb-YAG crystal Yb3+The ion concentration was 0.4 at.%.
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Application publication date: 20211224 |