CN113839071A - Control method and control system of fuel cell system - Google Patents

Control method and control system of fuel cell system Download PDF

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Publication number
CN113839071A
CN113839071A CN202111154260.0A CN202111154260A CN113839071A CN 113839071 A CN113839071 A CN 113839071A CN 202111154260 A CN202111154260 A CN 202111154260A CN 113839071 A CN113839071 A CN 113839071A
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fuel cell
current
cell system
water content
stack
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CN113839071B (en
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刘秀会
赵兴旺
李飞强
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Beijing Sinohytec Co Ltd
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Beijing Sinohytec Co Ltd
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
    • H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
    • H01M8/04694—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems characterised by variables to be controlled
    • H01M8/04828—Humidity; Water content
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
    • Y02E60/50—Fuel cells
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P70/00—Climate change mitigation technologies in the production process for final industrial or consumer products
    • Y02P70/50—Manufacturing or production processes characterised by the final manufactured product

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  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
  • Sustainable Energy (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Fuel Cell (AREA)

Abstract

The invention provides a control method and a control system of a fuel cell system, wherein the method comprises the following steps: acquiring the current of a fuel cell system; comparing the current with the target current, and acquiring the current water content of the fuel cell stack when the current is equal to the target current; comparing the current water content of the galvanic pile with a target value of the water content of the galvanic pile; when the current water content of the galvanic pile is less than or equal to the water content target value of the galvanic pile, acquiring the average monolithic voltage and the lowest monolithic voltage of the fuel cell system; comparing the average single-chip voltage of the fuel cell system with the average single-chip voltage lowest threshold value, and comparing the lowest single-chip voltage with the lowest single-chip voltage lowest threshold value to obtain a comparison result; and adjusting the water content in the fuel cell system stack according to the comparison result. The invention can quickly restore the fuel battery system to the balance water content corresponding to the output current, restore the lowest monolithic voltage and the average monolithic voltage value to the normal range, slow down the decay rate of the engine and prolong the service life of the engine.

Description

Control method and control system of fuel cell system
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of batteries, and particularly relates to a control method and a control system of a fuel cell system.
Background
A fuel cell is an electrochemical reaction device in which hydrogen and oxygen react in two half-electrodes to produce water, which converts chemical energy into electrical energy and, at the same time, into thermal energy with a loss in efficiency. The fuel cell stack is formed by connecting a plurality of fuel cell single sheets in series according to a negative electrode-positive electrode-negative electrode-positive electrode repeated mode, and two adjacent fuel cell single sheets are separated by a bipolar plate. A hydrogen supply flow channel is formed on one side surface of the bipolar plate and contacts with the hydrogen reaction electrode, an oxygen (air) supply flow channel is formed on the other side surface of the bipolar plate and contacts with the oxygen reaction electrode, and a coolant supply channel is formed in the middle of the bipolar plate. Sealing material is used for sealing among different medium flow passages. The fuel cell system is applied to a vehicle power system as a power source for driving a vehicle, and inevitably increases in required power of the vehicle and requires the fuel cell system to satisfy the power demand from the power system. In order to increase the output power of the fuel cell system, the output current of the fuel cell system must be increased. The output current of the fuel cell is increased, which causes the content of water generated by electrochemical reaction in the fuel cell system stack and the content of miscellaneous gas on the hydrogen side to be increased synchronously, the content of water and miscellaneous gas in the fuel cell system stack are excessively increased, and in turn, the output power of the fuel cell system stack is reduced, and the service life of the fuel cell system stack is damaged. In view of this, it is necessary to provide a method for solving the problem of excessive increase in water content and impurities inside the fuel cell.
The related art provides a fuel cell control method including calculating a cell voltage standard deviation under a stack operating current by a diagnostic analysis unit, comparing the cell voltage standard deviation with a point cell voltage standard deviation reference value, and performing corresponding fuel cell water state control by a fuel cell controller according to a comparison result of the diagnostic analysis unit.
However, the above method cannot control the moisture in the fuel cell system stack to restore the single-chip voltage and the average single-chip voltage in the fuel cell system stack to normal ranges within a period of time after the output current of the fuel cell system increases rapidly and reaches a stable value.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a control method and a control system of a fuel cell system, which can solve the technical problem that the water in a galvanic pile of the fuel cell system cannot be controlled within a period of time after the output current of the fuel cell system is rapidly increased and is stable.
The technical scheme provided by the invention is as follows:
in one aspect, there is provided a fuel cell system control method including:
acquiring the current of a fuel cell system;
comparing the current with a target current, and acquiring the current water content of the fuel cell stack when the current is equal to the target current;
comparing the current water content of the galvanic pile with a target water content of the galvanic pile;
when the current water content of the galvanic pile is less than or equal to the target value of the water content of the galvanic pile, acquiring the average single-chip voltage and the lowest single-chip voltage of the fuel cell system;
comparing the average single-chip voltage of the fuel cell system with an average single-chip voltage lowest threshold value, and comparing the lowest single-chip voltage with a lowest single-chip voltage lowest threshold value to obtain a comparison result;
and adjusting the water content in the fuel cell system stack according to the comparison result.
In an alternative embodiment, the adjusting the water content in the stack according to the comparison result includes: when the average single-chip voltage of the fuel cell system is smaller than the average single-chip voltage lowest threshold value and the lowest single-chip voltage is smaller than the lowest single-chip voltage lowest threshold value, a first valve connected with the fuel cell system electric stack is opened to discharge the mixed gas on the hydrogen side in the fuel cell system electric stack.
In an alternative embodiment, the adjusting the water content in the stack according to the comparison result further includes: and when the average single-chip voltage of the fuel cell system is not less than the average single-chip voltage lowest threshold and the lowest single-chip voltage is not less than the lowest single-chip voltage lowest threshold, opening a second valve connected with the fuel cell system stack according to a first period to discharge the mixed gas on the hydrogen side in the fuel cell system stack.
In an alternative embodiment, when the current stack water content is greater than the stack water content target value, a second valve connected to the fuel cell system stack is opened, and water is drained according to a second period.
In an alternative embodiment, the opening the second valve coupled to the fuel cell system stack to drain according to the second cycle includes opening the second valve coupled to the fuel cell system stack to decrease the air side pressure to a first target pressure and increase the hydrogen side pressure to a second target pressure, and draining according to the second cycle.
In an optional embodiment, when the current cell stack water content is greater than the cell stack water content target value, obtaining a current cell stack water content rising rate, obtaining a standard deviation between the current cell stack water content and the cell stack water content target value, and obtaining the opening time of the second valve, the first target pressure and the second target pressure according to the rising rate and the standard deviation.
In an alternative embodiment, the opening the first valve connected to the fuel cell system stack to exhaust the mixed gas on the hydrogen side in the fuel cell system stack includes opening the first valve connected to the fuel cell system stack to increase the hydrogen side pressure to a third target pressure to exhaust the mixed gas on the hydrogen side in the fuel cell system stack.
In an optional embodiment, when the average monolithic voltage of the fuel cell system is smaller than the average monolithic voltage minimum threshold and the minimum monolithic voltage is smaller than the minimum monolithic voltage minimum threshold, a difference value between the average monolithic voltage of the fuel cell system and the average monolithic voltage minimum threshold is obtained, the hydrogen emission amount is obtained according to the difference value, the first valve opening time is obtained according to the hydrogen emission amount, and the first valve is opened to discharge the mixed gas on the hydrogen side in the fuel cell system stack.
In an alternative embodiment, the comparing the current with a target current, and obtaining the current stack water content of the fuel cell when the current is equal to the target current includes comparing the current with the target current, and waiting for a first time when the current is equal to the target current, and obtaining the current stack water content of the fuel cell after the current is stabilized.
In another aspect, there is provided a fuel cell system control system, the system including:
the first acquisition unit is used for acquiring the current of the fuel cell system;
the first comparison unit is used for comparing the current with a target current, and acquiring the current water content of the fuel cell stack when the current is equal to the target current;
the second comparison unit is used for comparing the current water content of the galvanic pile with a target value of the water content of the galvanic pile;
the second acquisition unit is used for acquiring the average single-chip voltage and the lowest single-chip voltage of the fuel cell system when the current water content of the electric pile is less than or equal to the target value of the water content of the electric pile;
the third comparison unit is used for comparing the average single-chip voltage of the fuel cell system with an average single-chip voltage lowest threshold value, comparing the lowest single-chip voltage with a lowest single-chip voltage lowest threshold value and obtaining a comparison result;
and the control unit is used for adjusting the water content in the fuel cell system electric pile according to the comparison result.
The method provided by the embodiment of the invention at least has the following beneficial effects:
the method provided by the embodiment of the invention compares the current with the target current, when the current is equal to the target current, the current of the fuel cell is increased, the water content in the fuel cell system stack is increased, and the current stack water content of the fuel cell is obtained after the first time is stable; comparing the current water content of the galvanic pile with a target value of the water content of the galvanic pile, and acquiring the average monolithic voltage and the lowest monolithic voltage of the fuel cell when the current water content of the galvanic pile is less than or equal to the target value of the water content of the galvanic pile; comparing the average single-chip voltage of the fuel cell with the average single-chip voltage lowest threshold value, and comparing the lowest single-chip voltage with the lowest single-chip voltage lowest threshold value to obtain a comparison result; and adjusting the water content in the galvanic pile according to the comparison result. Therefore, the water content in the fuel cell system galvanic pile is adjusted in multiple levels and multiple directions, the fuel cell system is quickly restored to the balance water content corresponding to the output current in a period of time after the output current of the fuel cell system is quickly increased and the output current reaches the stability, the lowest monolithic voltage and the average monolithic voltage are restored to the normal range, the attenuation rate of the engine is reduced, and the service life of the engine is prolonged.
Drawings
The foregoing and other objects, features and advantages of the disclosure will be apparent from the following more particular descriptions of exemplary embodiments of the disclosure as illustrated in the accompanying drawings wherein like reference numbers generally represent like parts throughout the exemplary embodiments of the disclosure.
FIG. 1 shows a schematic diagram of a fuel cell system architecture;
FIG. 2 shows a flow chart of a fuel cell system control method;
FIG. 3 shows a flow chart of a fuel cell system control method;
fig. 4 shows a schematic diagram of the control system of the fuel cell system.
Reference numerals:
100-galvanic pile, 1-first valve, 2-second valve, 101-air inlet, 102-air outlet, 103-hydrogen injector, 104-tail drain pipe.
Detailed Description
Embodiments of the present disclosure will be described in more detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. While embodiments of the present disclosure are shown in the drawings, it should be understood that the present disclosure may be embodied in various forms and should not be limited by the embodiments set forth herein. Rather, these embodiments are provided so that this disclosure will be thorough and complete, and will fully convey the scope of the disclosure to those skilled in the art.
The term "include" and variations thereof as used herein is meant to be inclusive in an open-ended manner, i.e., "including but not limited to". Unless specifically stated otherwise, the term "or" means "and/or". The term "based on" means "based at least in part on". The terms "one example embodiment" and "one embodiment" mean "at least one example embodiment". The term "another embodiment" means "at least one additional embodiment". The terms "first," "second," and the like may refer to different or the same object. Other explicit and implicit definitions are also possible below.
A fuel cell is an electrochemical reaction device in which hydrogen and oxygen react in two half-electrodes to produce water, which converts chemical energy into electrical energy and, at the same time, into thermal energy with a loss in efficiency.
The fuel cell system pile is formed by connecting a plurality of fuel cell single sheets in series according to a negative electrode-positive electrode-negative electrode-positive electrode repeated mode, and two adjacent fuel cell single sheets are isolated by a bipolar plate. A hydrogen supply flow channel is formed on one side surface of the bipolar plate and contacts with the hydrogen reaction electrode, an oxygen (air) supply flow channel is formed on the other side surface of the bipolar plate and contacts with the oxygen reaction electrode, and a coolant supply channel is formed in the middle of the bipolar plate. Sealing material is used for sealing among different medium flow passages.
The fuel cell system is applied to a vehicle power system as a power source for driving a vehicle, and inevitably increases in required power of the vehicle and requires the fuel cell system to satisfy the power demand from the power system. Referring to fig. 1, the fuel cell stack has an air inlet and an air outlet, and a first valve and a second valve are provided to discharge air and water in the fuel cell stack. In order to increase the output power of the fuel cell system, the output current of the fuel cell system must be increased. The output current of the fuel cell is increased, which causes the content of water generated by electrochemical reaction in the fuel cell system stack and the content of miscellaneous gas on the hydrogen side to be increased synchronously, the content of water and miscellaneous gas in the fuel cell system stack are excessively increased, and in turn, the output power of the fuel cell system stack is reduced, and the service life of the fuel cell system stack is damaged. In view of this, embodiments of the present invention provide a method and a system for controlling a fuel cell system, which aim to solve the above technical problems.
Referring to fig. 2, fig. 2 is a schematic flow chart of a fuel cell system control method according to an embodiment of the present invention, the method including:
and S201, acquiring the current of the fuel cell system.
S202, comparing the current with the target current, and acquiring the current water content of the fuel cell stack when the current is equal to the target current.
S203, comparing the current water content of the galvanic pile with the target value of the water content of the galvanic pile.
And S204, when the current water content of the galvanic pile is less than or equal to the target value of the water content of the galvanic pile, acquiring the average monolithic voltage and the lowest monolithic voltage of the fuel cell system.
S205, comparing the average single-chip voltage of the fuel cell system with the average single-chip voltage lowest threshold value, and comparing the lowest single-chip voltage with the lowest single-chip voltage lowest threshold value to obtain a comparison result.
And S206, adjusting the water content in the fuel cell system stack according to the comparison result.
The method provided by the embodiment of the invention at least has the following beneficial effects:
the method provided by the embodiment of the invention compares the current with the target current, when the current is equal to the target current, the current of the fuel cell is increased, the water content in the fuel cell system electric pile is increased, and at the moment, the current electric pile water content of the fuel cell is obtained; comparing the current water content of the galvanic pile with a target value of the water content of the galvanic pile, and acquiring the average monolithic voltage and the lowest monolithic voltage of the fuel cell when the current water content of the galvanic pile is less than or equal to the target value of the water content of the galvanic pile; comparing the average single-chip voltage of the fuel cell with the average single-chip voltage lowest threshold value, and comparing the lowest single-chip voltage with the lowest single-chip voltage lowest threshold value to obtain a comparison result; and adjusting the water content in the galvanic pile according to the comparison result. Therefore, the water content in the fuel cell system galvanic pile is adjusted in multiple levels and multiple directions, the fuel cell system is quickly restored to the balance water content corresponding to the output current in a period of time after the output current of the fuel cell system is quickly increased and the output current reaches the stability, the lowest monolithic voltage and the average monolithic voltage are restored to the normal range, the attenuation rate of the engine is reduced, and the service life of the engine is prolonged.
The methods provided by the embodiments of the present invention will be further explained and described by alternative embodiments.
And S201, acquiring the current of the fuel cell system.
Further, the embodiment of the invention obtains the current of the fuel cell system through the fuel cell system controller. It can be understood that electrochemical reaction is generated in the fuel cell system cell stack to generate direct current, water is generated during the electrochemical reaction, and the control of water and mixed gas at the hydrogen side in the fuel cell system cell stack is the guarantee for ensuring the normal operation of the fuel cell system. The target current is obtained from the calculation of the required power of the whole vehicle or test data. The hydrogen-side impurity gas provided in the example of the present invention is a gas other than hydrogen.
S202, comparing the current with the target current, and acquiring the current water content of the fuel cell system when the current is equal to the target current.
And when the current is not equal to the target current, the current is larger than or smaller than the target current, when the current is larger than the target current, the water production in the fuel cell system electric pile begins to increase, and the water content possibly exceeds the target value, and then the current electric pile water content of the fuel cell system is obtained. As an example, the current stack water content may be obtained by a water level sensor or data modeling means connected to the fuel cell stack by the fuel cell system controller.
It should be noted that the target current provided by the embodiment of the present invention may be obtained through an experiment on the fuel cell system, may also be obtained according to operation history data of the fuel cell system, and may also be obtained through a data modeling manner, and the manner of obtaining the target current in the embodiment of the present invention is not limited thereto.
S203, comparing the current water content of the galvanic pile with the target value of the water content of the galvanic pile.
The water content target value of the electric pile provided by the embodiment of the invention can be obtained according to the operation historical data of the fuel cell system and can also be obtained in a data modeling mode.
It can be understood that there are two comparison results, the current water content of the galvanic pile is greater than the target water content of the galvanic pile, and the current water content of the galvanic pile is less than or equal to the target water content of the galvanic pile.
In an alternative embodiment, when the current stack water content is greater than the stack water content target value, a second valve connected to the fuel cell system stack is opened to drain water according to a second period.
It can be understood that when the current stack water content is greater than the stack water content target value, which indicates that the water in the fuel cell stack needs to be discharged, a second valve connected to the fuel cell system stack is opened, and the water is discharged according to a second period. As an example, the second valve may be opened for draining at ten or twenty minutes or one hour intervals until the current stack water content is less than or equal to the stack water content target value.
In an alternative embodiment, opening a second valve coupled to the fuel cell system stack to drain water according to a second cycle includes opening a second valve coupled to the fuel cell system stack to decrease the air side pressure to a first target pressure and increase the hydrogen side pressure to a second target pressure, and draining water according to a second cycle.
Further, the method provided by the embodiment of the invention can also discharge water by simultaneously reducing the air side pressure to the first target pressure and increasing the hydrogen side pressure to the second target pressure.
In an alternative embodiment, the initial pressure on the air side of the fuel cell stack, the initial pressure on the hydrogen side, and the target pressure on the air side and the target pressure on the hydrogen side of the fuel cell stack are obtained. It should be noted that the target pressure on the air side and the target pressure on the hydrogen side of the fuel cell stack of the fuel cell system can be determined by historical operating data of the fuel cell system.
Furthermore, the pressure value for reducing the air side pressure to the first target pressure can be obtained through the difference between the initial pressure of the fuel cell stack at the air side and the target pressure of the fuel cell stack at the air side and the difference between the initial pressure of the hydrogen side and the target pressure of the hydrogen side, and the pressure value for increasing the hydrogen side pressure to the second target pressure is obtained.
In an optional embodiment, when the current water content of the galvanic pile is greater than the target water content of the galvanic pile, the rising rate of the current water content of the galvanic pile is obtained, the standard deviation between the current water content of the galvanic pile and the target water content of the galvanic pile is obtained, and the opening time of the second valve, the first target pressure and the second target pressure are obtained through the rising rate and the standard deviation.
It can be understood that the stack water content rate marks the electrochemical conversion rate of the fuel cell system, and by obtaining the current stack water content rising rate, the current stack water content and the standard deviation of the target value of the stack water content, the time for discharging water can be known, and the opening time of the second valve can be adjusted according to the time, and the air side pressure is reduced and the hydrogen side pressure is increased at the same time. Therefore, the discharge efficiency of the water content in the galvanic pile can be improved.
And S204, when the current water content of the galvanic pile is less than or equal to the target value of the water content of the galvanic pile, acquiring the average monolithic voltage and the lowest monolithic voltage of the fuel cell system.
It can be understood that when the current water content of the fuel cell stack is less than or equal to the target water content of the fuel cell stack, the water content and the content of the mixed gas at the hydrogen side in the fuel cell system are controlled by the voltage change of the average single-chip voltage and the lowest single-chip voltage, so that the efficiency and the accuracy of the control of the fuel cell system are improved by multi-azimuth and multi-level adjustment.
S205, comparing the average single-chip voltage of the fuel cell system with the average single-chip voltage lowest threshold value, and comparing the lowest single-chip voltage with the lowest single-chip voltage lowest threshold value to obtain a comparison result.
It is understood that the comparison result includes that the average monolithic voltage of the fuel cell system is greater than the average monolithic voltage minimum threshold, the lowest monolithic voltage is greater than the lowest monolithic voltage minimum threshold, or the average monolithic voltage of the fuel cell system is equal to or less than the average monolithic voltage minimum threshold, and the lowest monolithic voltage is equal to or less than the lowest monolithic voltage minimum threshold.
And S206, adjusting the water content in the fuel cell system stack according to the comparison result.
In an alternative embodiment, adjusting the water content in the stack based on the comparison comprises: and when the average single-chip voltage of the fuel cell is less than the average single-chip voltage lowest threshold value and the lowest single-chip voltage is less than the lowest single-chip voltage lowest threshold value, opening a first valve connected with the fuel cell system electric stack to exhaust the mixed gas on the hydrogen side in the fuel cell system electric stack.
In an alternative embodiment, adjusting the water content in the stack according to the comparison result further comprises: and when the average single-chip voltage of the fuel cell system is not less than the average single-chip voltage lowest threshold value and the lowest single-chip voltage is not less than the lowest single-chip voltage lowest threshold value, opening a second valve connected with the fuel cell system stack according to a first period to discharge the mixed gas on the hydrogen side in the fuel cell system stack.
As an example, the second valve may be opened at intervals of 0.1 second, 1 minute, or more to discharge the impure gas on the hydrogen side in the fuel cell system stack. The first period time can be determined according to the performance of an engine in the fuel cell system and can also be determined according to the performance of the fuel cell stack.
In an alternative embodiment, opening the first valve coupled to the fuel cell system stack to vent the hydrogen side of the fuel cell system stack includes opening the first valve coupled to the fuel cell system stack to increase the hydrogen side pressure to a third target pressure to vent the hydrogen side of the fuel cell system stack.
Embodiments of the present invention discharge the hydrogen gas by opening the first valve on one hand to discharge the hydrogen-side impurity gas in the stack of the fuel cell system and increase the hydrogen-side pressure to a third target pressure on the other hand to accelerate the discharge of the hydrogen gas.
As one example, the third target pressure may be determined from historical data of fuel cell system operation, or from modeling of historical data.
In an optional embodiment, when the average single-chip voltage of the fuel cell system is smaller than the average single-chip voltage lowest threshold and the lowest single-chip voltage is smaller than the lowest single-chip voltage lowest threshold, a difference value between the average single-chip voltage of the fuel cell system and the average single-chip voltage lowest threshold is obtained, hydrogen emission is obtained according to the difference value, first valve opening time is obtained according to the hydrogen emission, and the first valve is opened to exhaust mixed gas on the hydrogen side in the fuel cell system stack.
According to the embodiment of the invention, the hydrogen discharge amount is obtained according to the difference value of the average single-chip voltage and the average single-chip voltage minimum threshold value, the opening degree of the first valve is obtained according to the hydrogen discharge amount, and the mixed gas on the hydrogen side in the fuel cell system stack is discharged, so that the accuracy of the mixed gas discharge on the hydrogen side is improved.
In an alternative embodiment, comparing the current with the target current, and when the current is equal to the target current, obtaining the current stack water content of the fuel cell system, includes comparing the current with the target current, and when the current is equal to the target current, waiting for a first time, and obtaining the current stack water content of the fuel cell after the current is stabilized.
It is to be understood that, when the present current is equal to the target current, waiting for the present current to be stable, that is, waiting for the first time, which may be 1 minute or 20 minutes, may be determined according to the performance of the engine of the fuel cell system, and the like, and the length of the first time is not limited thereto in the embodiments of the present invention. And after the current is stable, the water content in the fuel cell stack also tends to be stable, and the current stack water content of the fuel cell is obtained at the moment.
In an optional embodiment, the method provided in the embodiment of the present invention further includes a self-calibration step, and it can be understood that, after the fuel cell system operates for a certain period of time, the fuel cell engine may decay after operating for a certain period of time, and the individual voltage value may decrease when the stack of the fuel cell system operates normally, so that the average individual voltage minimum threshold value and the minimum individual voltage minimum threshold value of the fuel cell may be self-calibrated with the operation of the engine to ensure the validity of the average individual voltage minimum threshold value and the minimum individual voltage minimum threshold value of the fuel cell. The self-calibration provided by the embodiment of the invention refers to recalibrating the target current, the cell stack water content target value, the average single-chip voltage minimum threshold value and the minimum single-chip voltage minimum threshold value of the fuel cell system through a laboratory according to historical data or the current performance of the fuel cell system.
Referring to fig. 3, fig. 3 is a schematic flow chart of an embodiment of the invention. The methods provided by the embodiments of the present invention are further explained and illustrated.
Step S1: an average single-chip voltage minimum threshold V3, a minimum single-chip voltage minimum threshold V4, a water content target value W2 of the fuel cell system, a second target pressure P1 and a first target pressure P3 are set.
Step S2: reading the current I1 and the target current I2 of the fuel cell system.
Step S3: it is determined whether the current I1 reaches the target current I2.
Step S4: and under the condition that the step S3 is satisfied, waiting for the time t1 and reading the current stack water content W1 of the fuel cell.
Step S5: and judging whether the current cell stack water content W1 is less than or equal to the cell stack water content target value W2.
Step S6: with the condition satisfied at step S5, the first valve is set to open periodically for a time t3 to drain water into the environment through the tail pipe, the open time t3 being from experimental calibration or modeling statistics.
Step S7: in the case that the condition is not satisfied in step S5, the first valve is forcibly opened for a time t2, and the air target pressure is set to be P3-P4 (where P3 is the air-side initial pressure and P4 is the pressure value to be decreased to reach the first target pressure), the hydrogen-side target pressure is P1+ P2 (where P1 is the hydrogen-side initial pressure and P2 is the pressure value to be increased to reach the second target pressure), where P4> =0 and P2>0, water is discharged into the environment through the tail pipe, and the opening time t2, the air pressure P4 and the hydrogen pressure P2 are calculated or modeled from the current water content W1 and the water content target value W2.
Step S8: the current average on-chip voltage V1 and the current lowest on-chip voltage V2 of the fuel cell system are read.
Step S9: and judging whether the current average monolithic voltage V1 is greater than the average monolithic voltage lowest threshold V3 and the current lowest monolithic voltage V2 is greater than the lowest monolithic voltage lowest threshold V4.
Step S20: in the case that the condition is not met in the step S9, the second valve is forcibly opened for the time t5, and meanwhile, the target pressure on the hydrogen side is set to be P1+ P5 (wherein P1 is the initial pressure on the hydrogen side, and P5 is the pressure value which needs to be increased to reach the first target pressure), P5> =0, the mixed gas on the hydrogen side is discharged into the environment through a tail pipe, model calculation or test data are obtained by opening the time t5, and the pressure P5 is obtained by test calibration or model calculation.
Step S11: and under the condition that the step S9 is satisfied, setting the periodic opening time t4 of the exhaust valve of the fuel cell system to exhaust the hydrogen side mixed gas into the environment through the tail exhaust pipe, wherein the opening time t4 is from experimental calibration or modeling statistical data.
Step S12: and judging whether a shutdown instruction is received or not, entering the step S13 after the shutdown instruction is received, and returning to the step S2 when the shutdown instruction is not received.
Referring to fig. 4, in another aspect, there is provided a fuel cell system control system, including:
a first obtaining unit 401, configured to obtain a current of the fuel cell system;
a first comparing unit 401, configured to compare the current with a target current, and obtain a current water content of the fuel cell system when the current is equal to the target current;
a second comparing unit 401, configured to compare the current water content of the cell stack with a target water content of the cell stack;
a second obtaining unit 401, configured to obtain an average cell voltage and a lowest cell voltage of the fuel cell when the current cell stack water content is less than or equal to the cell stack water content target value;
a third comparing unit 401, configured to compare the average monolithic voltage of the fuel cell system with an average monolithic voltage minimum threshold, and compare the minimum monolithic voltage with a minimum monolithic voltage minimum threshold, so as to obtain a comparison result;
and a control unit 401 for adjusting the water content in the fuel cell system stack according to the comparison result.
The system provided by the embodiment of the invention at least has the following beneficial effects:
the system provided by the embodiment of the invention compares the current with the target current, when the current is equal to the target current, the current of the fuel cell is increased, the water content in the electric pile of the fuel cell system is already increased, and the current electric pile water content of the fuel cell is obtained; comparing the current water content of the galvanic pile with a target value of the water content of the galvanic pile, and acquiring the average monolithic voltage and the lowest monolithic voltage of the fuel cell when the current water content of the galvanic pile is less than or equal to the target value of the water content of the galvanic pile; comparing the average single-chip voltage of the fuel cell with the average single-chip voltage lowest threshold value, and comparing the lowest single-chip voltage with the lowest single-chip voltage lowest threshold value to obtain a comparison result; and adjusting the water content in the galvanic pile according to the comparison result. Therefore, the water content in the fuel cell system galvanic pile is adjusted in multiple levels and multiple directions, the fuel cell system is quickly restored to the balance water content corresponding to the output current in a period of time after the output current of the fuel cell system is quickly increased and the output current reaches the stability, the lowest monolithic voltage and the average monolithic voltage are restored to the normal range, the attenuation rate of the engine is reduced, and the service life of the engine is prolonged.
Having described embodiments of the present disclosure, the foregoing description is intended to be exemplary, not exhaustive, and not limited to the disclosed embodiments. Many modifications and variations will be apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art without departing from the scope and spirit of the described embodiments. The terminology used herein is chosen in order to best explain the principles of the embodiments, the practical application, or improvements made to the technology in the marketplace, or to enable others of ordinary skill in the art to understand the embodiments disclosed herein.

Claims (10)

1. A fuel cell system control method, characterized by comprising:
acquiring the current of a fuel cell system;
comparing the current with a target current, and acquiring the current water content of the fuel cell stack when the current is equal to the target current;
comparing the current water content of the galvanic pile with a target water content of the galvanic pile;
when the current water content of the galvanic pile is less than or equal to the target value of the water content of the galvanic pile, acquiring the average single-chip voltage and the lowest single-chip voltage of the fuel cell system;
comparing the average single-chip voltage of the fuel cell system with an average single-chip voltage lowest threshold value, and comparing the lowest single-chip voltage with a lowest single-chip voltage lowest threshold value to obtain a comparison result;
and adjusting the water content in the fuel cell system stack according to the comparison result.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein adjusting the water content in the stack based on the comparison comprises: when the average single-chip voltage of the fuel cell system is smaller than the average single-chip voltage lowest threshold value and the lowest single-chip voltage is smaller than the lowest single-chip voltage lowest threshold value, a first valve connected with the fuel cell system electric stack is opened to discharge the mixed gas on the hydrogen side in the fuel cell system electric stack.
3. The method of claim 2, wherein adjusting the water content in the stack based on the comparison further comprises: and when the average single-chip voltage of the fuel cell system is not less than the average single-chip voltage lowest threshold and the lowest single-chip voltage is not less than the lowest single-chip voltage lowest threshold, opening a second valve connected with the fuel cell system stack according to a first period to discharge the mixed gas on the hydrogen side in the fuel cell system stack.
4. The method of claim 1, wherein when the current stack water content is greater than the stack water content target value, a second valve coupled to the fuel cell system stack is opened to drain water according to a second cycle.
5. The method of claim 4, wherein opening a second valve coupled to the fuel cell system stack to drain for a second period comprises opening a second valve coupled to the fuel cell system stack to decrease the air side pressure to a first target pressure and increase the hydrogen side pressure to a second target pressure, and draining for a second period.
6. The method according to claim 4, wherein when the current cell stack water content is greater than the cell stack water content target value, obtaining a current cell stack water content rising rate, obtaining a standard deviation between the current cell stack water content and the cell stack water content target value, and obtaining the opening time of the second valve, the first target pressure and the second target pressure according to the rising rate and the standard deviation.
7. The method of claim 2, wherein opening the first valve coupled to the fuel cell system stack to vent the hydrogen side of the fuel cell system stack comprises opening the first valve coupled to the fuel cell system stack to increase the hydrogen side pressure to a third target pressure to vent the hydrogen side of the fuel cell system stack.
8. The method according to claim 7, wherein when the average cell voltage of the fuel cell system is smaller than the average cell voltage minimum threshold and the minimum cell voltage is smaller than the minimum cell voltage minimum threshold, a difference between the average cell voltage of the fuel cell system and the average cell voltage minimum threshold is obtained, the hydrogen emission amount is obtained according to the difference, a first valve opening time is obtained according to the hydrogen emission amount, and the first valve is opened to discharge the mixed gas on the hydrogen side in the fuel cell system stack.
9. The method of claim 1, wherein said comparing said present current to a target current and obtaining said fuel cell present stack water content when said present current equals said target current comprises comparing said present current to a target current and waiting a first time when said present current is equal to said target current and obtaining said fuel cell present stack water content after said present current has stabilized.
10. A fuel cell system control system, characterized in that the system comprises:
the first acquisition unit is used for acquiring the current of the fuel cell system;
the first comparison unit is used for comparing the current with a target current, and acquiring the current water content of the fuel cell stack when the current is equal to the target current;
the second comparison unit is used for comparing the current water content of the galvanic pile with a target value of the water content of the galvanic pile;
the second acquisition unit is used for acquiring the average single-chip voltage and the lowest single-chip voltage of the fuel cell system when the current water content of the electric pile is less than or equal to the target value of the water content of the electric pile;
the third comparison unit is used for comparing the average single-chip voltage of the fuel cell system with an average single-chip voltage lowest threshold value, comparing the lowest single-chip voltage with a lowest single-chip voltage lowest threshold value and obtaining a comparison result;
and the control unit is used for adjusting the water content in the fuel cell system electric pile according to the comparison result.
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