CN113833160A - 一种寒区农村住宅用大掺量秸秆混凝土砌块墙体施工工艺 - Google Patents

一种寒区农村住宅用大掺量秸秆混凝土砌块墙体施工工艺 Download PDF

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CN113833160A
CN113833160A CN202111167209.3A CN202111167209A CN113833160A CN 113833160 A CN113833160 A CN 113833160A CN 202111167209 A CN202111167209 A CN 202111167209A CN 113833160 A CN113833160 A CN 113833160A
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吕春
刘杰
郭国梁
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Qiqihar University
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Abstract

一种寒区农村住宅用大掺量秸秆混凝土砌块墙体施工工艺，包括单体砌块，水平缝粘结砂浆，竖向缝粘结砂浆，水平网拉结筋，竖向拉结筋，水平槽内粘结砂浆，竖向槽内粘结砂浆组成；所述单体砌块为矩形块体，所述单体砌块侧部周边设有水平半圆槽及竖向半圆槽，所述水平半圆槽及竖向半圆槽边缘预留砌块边肋，所述单体砌块上下水平半圆槽均设有二个拉结筋孔，所述的单体砌块通过拉结筋孔内的竖向拉结筋及粘结砂浆进行连接固定，所述竖向拉结筋之间安装水平网拉结筋。

Description

一种寒区农村住宅用大掺量秸秆混凝土砌块墙体施工工艺
技术领域
本发明属于建筑工程技术领域，具体是一种寒区农村住宅用大掺量秸秆混凝土砌块墙体施工工艺。
背景技术
近年来，农作物玉米、稻草等秸秆废弃物作为墙体材料的研究越来越多。目前，我国现有建筑墙体块材中，普遍采用的是秸秆草砖和秸秆复合砌块，这两种材料的成分和应用特征都存在着很大的差异。
秸秆草砖是由秸秆原材料进行捆绑压缩打包成型的长方体，压缩后所制成的草砖相对比较密实，能够减缓传热速度，可以作为建筑物墙体、地板或屋顶的保温材料。草砖砌筑后，墙体表面采用钢丝网砂浆等进行罩面组合，秸秆草砖作为墙体的保温夹层材料，并不参与墙体的承重，其承载性能、耐久性能及防火防腐性能均较差。另一种是将粉碎的秸秆作为混凝土集料，与水泥基等胶凝材料混合，挤压成秸秆混凝土复合砌块。秸秆复合砌块多为实心长方体，秸秆掺量约为水泥质量的1～3％，秸秆消耗量较少，而且属于实验研究阶段，尚未形成产业化应用。砌块间砂浆连接较弱，普通砌筑砂浆容易形成热桥，影响墙体的稳定性和保温性能。
发明内容
为了解决上述现有技术存在的不足，本发明提供了一种寒区农村住宅用大掺量秸秆混凝土砌块墙体施工工艺。秸秆质量掺量达到胶凝材料的10％以上，体积掺量达到胶凝材料的50％以上。大掺量秸秆混凝土砌块可替代传统的粘土实心砖及其他砌块，用于寒区农村住宅建筑，达到就地取材，减轻墙体重量，降低建筑造价，提高建筑物围护结构的保温性能，减少因秸秆焚烧造成的环境污染的目的。
本发明解决其技术问题所采用的技术方案是：一种寒区农村住宅用大掺量秸秆混凝土砌块墙体施工工艺，包括单体砌块1，水平缝粘结砂浆2，竖向缝粘结砂浆3，水平网拉结筋4，竖向拉结筋5，水平槽内粘结砂浆10，竖向槽内粘结砂浆11组成。所述单体砌块1为矩形块体，所述单体砌块1侧部周边设有水平半圆槽6及竖向半圆槽7，所述水平半圆槽6及竖向半圆槽7边缘预留砌块边肋8，所述单体砌块1上下水平半圆槽6均设有二个拉结筋孔9，所述的单体砌块1通过拉结筋孔9内的竖向拉结筋5及粘结砂浆进行连接固定，所述竖向拉结筋5之间安装水平网拉结筋4。
进一步的，单体砌块1采用大掺量秸秆混凝土材料，包括水泥、粉煤灰、纳米硅粉、玉米秸秆、中砂、纤维素、减水剂，水。
进一步的，单体砌块1之间的水平缝粘结砂浆2及竖向缝粘结砂浆3采用与单体砌块1相同配合比的秸秆保温砂浆砌筑。
进一步的，竖向拉结筋5为带肋工程聚丙烯材料棒。
进一步的，水平缝粘结砂浆2内砂浆与水平槽内粘结砂浆10相粘结，竖向砂浆粘结3缝内砂浆与竖向圆槽内粘结砂浆11相粘结。
进一步的，相邻水平槽内粘结砂浆10与竖向槽内粘结砂浆11相粘结。
本发明的有益效果是：大掺量秸秆混凝土消耗大量农业秸秆废弃物，可大幅度降低原材料价格，保护环境，同时墙体砌块容重降低。通过调整材料的配合比，具有良好的强度和耐久性能。玉米秸秆与水泥及粉煤灰等胶凝材料搅拌后，水泥初期水化产生水化凝胶，水化凝胶尺度与纳米纤维素及纳米硅粉相匹配，纳米纤维素及纳米硅粉使秸秆与水泥基体界面的见更均匀密实，使秸秆与水泥基体结合能力增强。同时，水泥基体中大掺量秸秆能够持续不断释放水分，可以促进水泥基体充分水化。利用农作物秸秆废弃物，可在工厂批量生产，价格低廉，施工工艺简单。秸秆砌块采用保温砂浆，有效杜绝了热桥现象；砌块侧面周边采用特殊的半圆槽结构，利用槽内粘结砂浆、竖向拉结筋及水平网拉结筋嵌固粘结，使砌块间具有良好的粘结性能和结构整体稳定性。
附图说明
下面结合附图和具体实施方式对本发明进一步说明。
图1为墙体正立面剖视图；图2为墙体侧立面剖视图；图3为墙体水平面剖视图。
1.单体砌块；2.水平缝粘结砂浆；3.竖向缝粘结砂浆；4.水平网拉结筋；5.竖向拉结筋；6.水平半圆槽；7.竖向半圆槽；8.砌块边肋；9.竖向拉结筋孔；10.水平槽内粘结砂浆；11.竖向槽内粘结砂浆。
具体实施方式
实施例1：
一种寒区农村住宅用大掺量秸秆混凝土砌块墙体施工工艺，采用玉米秸秆轻骨料混凝土。胶凝材料采用P·O 42.5普通硅酸盐水泥，成熟新鲜干燥的玉米秸秆加工粉碎成0.3～5mm的秸秆颗粒，天然中砂细度模数2.2～2.6，聚羧酸高性能减水剂，减水率为30％，掺和料选用一级粉煤灰，普通自来水。
一种寒区农村住宅用大掺量秸秆混凝土，其组成材料包括水泥、粉煤灰、纳米硅粉、玉米秸秆、中砂、纤维素、减水剂，水，混凝土施工工艺步骤如下：
A.玉米秸秆加工粉碎成秸秆颗粒，其中0.3～0.6mm占比为30％，0.6～2.36mm占比为30％，2.36～5mm占比为40％；
B.秸秆混凝土的配合比质量掺量为：水泥1份，中砂1.615份，粉煤灰0.492份，纳米硅粉0.258份，纤维素0.009份，秸秆0.138份，减水剂0.018份，水0.5份；
C.按搅拌机每次投料量，称量各组分的原材料质量；
D.水泥、粉煤灰、纳米硅粉、中砂投入强制式搅拌机内，搅拌15秒；
E.均匀地倒入已经称量好的自来水，减水剂继续进行搅拌15秒；
F.加入秸秆、纤维素继续进行搅拌60秒；
G.将已经搅拌的混凝土投入砌块模具中进行机械振捣挤压成型。
实施例2：下面从一种寒区农村住宅用大掺量秸秆混凝土砌块墙体施工工艺，墙体为200mm厚，砌块尺寸为500×300×200mm砌筑的局部平面墙体为例加以说明。
一种寒区农村住宅用大掺量秸秆混凝土砌块墙体施工工艺，包括单体砌块1，水平缝粘结砂浆2，竖向缝粘结砂浆3，水平网拉结筋4，竖向拉结筋5，水平槽内粘结砂浆10，竖向槽内粘结砂浆11组成。所述单体砌块1为矩形块体，尺寸为500×300×200mm；所述单体砌块1侧部周边设有水平半圆槽6及竖向半圆槽7，半圆槽弦长100mm，弦高50mm；所述水平半圆槽6及竖向半圆槽7边缘预留砌块边肋8，肋缘厚度50mm；所述单体砌块1上下水平半圆槽6各设有二个拉结筋孔9，拉结筋孔9直径10mm，深为100mm，中心距砌块边缘100mm；所述的单体砌块1通过拉结筋孔9内的竖向拉结筋5及粘结砂浆进行嵌固粘结，所述竖向拉结筋5为带肋工程聚丙烯材料棒，直径5mm，长度300mm。所述竖向拉结筋5之间安装水平网拉结筋4，所述水平网拉结筋4材料为耐碱玻璃丝网，埋设在水平槽内粘结砂浆10内。具体包括以下步骤：
A.基础圈梁按设计预埋竖向拉结筋5，并满铺水平缝粘结砂浆2；
B.采用与水平半圆槽6弧线相同的铁抹子将水平缝粘结砂浆2抹匀；
C.单体砌块1下部竖向拉结筋孔9内预先填实粘结砂浆，并将其嵌入基础圈梁竖向拉结筋5进行嵌固粘结，完成第一块单体砌块1的砌筑安装；
D.同样方法完成第一排其他单体砌块1的砌筑安装，各单体砌块1之间相邻竖向半圆槽7形成的圆槽内填实竖向槽内粘结砂浆11，并轻敲砌块振捣密实；
E.第一排单体砌块1的上部水平半圆槽6填平水平槽内粘结砂浆10，拉结筋孔9内填满粘结砂浆，插入竖向拉结筋5；
F.单体砌块1的上部竖向拉结筋5之间按设计要求铺贴水平网拉结筋4，并填满水平槽内粘结砂浆10及水平缝粘结砂浆2，采用与水平半圆槽6弧线相同的铁抹子将水平缝粘结砂浆2抹匀；
G.第二排单体砌块1下部竖向拉结筋孔9内预先填实粘结砂浆，对准第一排单体砌块1上部竖向拉结筋5嵌入，进行错缝砌筑安装；
第二排各单体砌块1之间相邻竖向半圆槽7形成的圆槽内填实竖向槽内粘结砂浆11，并轻敲砌块振捣密实，直至砌筑至设计标高。

Claims (5)

1.一种寒区农村住宅用大掺量秸秆混凝土砌块墙体施工工艺，其特征在于：包括单体砌块1，水平缝粘结砂浆2，竖向缝粘结砂浆3，水平网拉结筋4，竖向拉结筋5，水平槽内粘结砂浆10，竖向槽内粘结砂浆11组成。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种寒区农村住宅用大掺量秸秆混凝土砌块墙体施工工艺，其特征在于：所述单体砌块1为矩形块体，所述单体砌块1侧部周边设有水平半圆槽6及竖向半圆槽7，所述水平半圆槽6及竖向半圆槽7边缘预留砌块边肋8，所述单体砌块1上下水平半圆槽6各设有二个拉结筋孔9，所述的单体砌块1通过拉结筋孔9内的竖向拉结筋5及粘结砂浆进行嵌固粘结。
3.根据权利要求1所述的一种寒区农村住宅用大掺量秸秆混凝土砌块墙体施工工艺，其特征在于：包括以下步骤：
A.基础圈梁按设计预埋竖向拉结筋5，并满铺水平缝粘结砂浆2；
B.采用与水平半圆槽6弧线相同的铁抹子将水平缝粘结砂浆2抹匀；
C.单体砌块1下部竖向拉结筋孔9内预先填实粘结砂浆，并将其嵌入基础圈梁竖向拉结筋5进行嵌固粘结，完成第一块单体砌块1的砌筑安装；
D.同样方法完成第一排其他单体砌块1的砌筑安装，各单体砌块1之间相邻竖向半圆槽7形成的圆槽内填实竖向槽内粘结砂浆11，并轻敲砌块振捣密实；
E.第一排单体砌块1的上部水平半圆槽6填平水平槽内粘结砂浆10，拉结筋孔9内填满粘结砂浆，插入竖向拉结筋5；
F.单体砌块1的上部竖向拉结筋5之间按设计要求铺贴水平网拉结筋4，并填满水平槽内粘结砂浆10及水平缝粘结砂浆2，采用与水平半圆槽6弧线相同的铁抹子将水平缝粘结砂浆2抹匀；
G.第二排单体砌块1下部竖向拉结筋孔9内预先填实粘结砂浆，对准第一排单体砌块1上部竖向拉结筋5嵌入，进行错缝砌筑安装。
H.第二排各单体砌块1之间相邻竖向半圆槽7形成的圆槽内填实竖向槽内粘结砂浆11，并轻敲砌块振捣密实，直至砌筑至设计标高。
4.根据权利要求1所述的一种寒区农村住宅用大掺量秸秆混凝土砌块墙体施工工艺，其特征在于：所述竖向拉结筋5为带肋工程聚丙烯材料棒。
5.根据权利要求1所述的一种寒区农村住宅用大掺量秸秆混凝土砌块墙体施工工艺，其特征在于：所述水平网拉结筋4材料为耐碱玻璃丝网。
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Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN115319884A (zh) * 2022-07-11 2022-11-11 齐齐哈尔大学 一种大掺量秸秆混凝土复合墙板制作工艺

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN115319884A (zh) * 2022-07-11 2022-11-11 齐齐哈尔大学 一种大掺量秸秆混凝土复合墙板制作工艺
CN115319884B (zh) * 2022-07-11 2024-05-03 齐齐哈尔大学 一种大掺量秸秆混凝土复合墙板制作工艺

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