CN113832989B - Strip mine waste dump with water drainage and storage functions - Google Patents
Strip mine waste dump with water drainage and storage functions Download PDFInfo
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- CN113832989B CN113832989B CN202111103594.5A CN202111103594A CN113832989B CN 113832989 B CN113832989 B CN 113832989B CN 202111103594 A CN202111103594 A CN 202111103594A CN 113832989 B CN113832989 B CN 113832989B
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
- E02D17/00—Excavations; Bordering of excavations; Making embankments
- E02D17/18—Making embankments, e.g. dikes, dams
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
- E02D3/00—Improving or preserving soil or rock, e.g. preserving permafrost soil
- E02D3/02—Improving by compacting
- E02D3/10—Improving by compacting by watering, draining, de-aerating or blasting, e.g. by installing sand or wick drains
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
- E02D3/00—Improving or preserving soil or rock, e.g. preserving permafrost soil
- E02D3/02—Improving by compacting
- E02D3/10—Improving by compacting by watering, draining, de-aerating or blasting, e.g. by installing sand or wick drains
- E02D3/106—Improving by compacting by watering, draining, de-aerating or blasting, e.g. by installing sand or wick drains by forming sand drains containing only loose aggregates
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E03—WATER SUPPLY; SEWERAGE
- E03F—SEWERS; CESSPOOLS
- E03F3/00—Sewer pipe-line systems
- E03F3/04—Pipes or fittings specially adapted to sewers
- E03F3/046—Open sewage channels
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E03—WATER SUPPLY; SEWERAGE
- E03F—SEWERS; CESSPOOLS
- E03F5/00—Sewerage structures
- E03F5/10—Collecting-tanks; Equalising-tanks for regulating the run-off; Laying-up basins
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E03—WATER SUPPLY; SEWERAGE
- E03F—SEWERS; CESSPOOLS
- E03F5/00—Sewerage structures
- E03F5/14—Devices for separating liquid or solid substances from sewage, e.g. sand or sludge traps, rakes or grates
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A30/00—Adapting or protecting infrastructure or their operation
- Y02A30/60—Planning or developing urban green infrastructure
Abstract
The invention discloses a strip mine waste dump with a water draining and storing function.A surface water-resisting layer is constructed in the strip mine waste dump above the aggregation level of an original stratum water outlet point, and a surface hydrophobic layer is laid on the surface of the surface water-resisting layer; constructing a stepped internal drainage water-resisting layer below the aggregation level of the water outlet points of the original stratum, and paving an internal drainage hydrophobic layer on the upper surface of the internal drainage water-resisting layer; constructing a lower water-resisting layer below the aggregation level of the water outlet points of the original stratum, and paving a lower hydrophobic layer on the upper surface of the lower water-resisting layer; constructing a bottom water-resisting layer below the lower water-resisting layer, and paving a bottom hydrophobic layer on the upper surface of the bottom water-resisting layer; the outer edge of the strip mine waste dump is of a step-shaped structure, and a slope bottom drainage channel is arranged at the step slope bottom position of each waste dump. According to different sources of water, the multilayer water-resisting layer and the hydrophobic layer are arranged for blocking and dredging in a segmented mode, the weak layer in the strip mine waste dump is prevented from being gathered, the water reserving amount in the strip mine waste dump is effectively reduced, and the safety of the strip mine waste dump is guaranteed.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to an open-pit mine waste dump, in particular to an open-pit mine waste dump with a water draining and storing function.
Background
8204and in the process of constructing the waste dump of the open pit mine, a large amount of water can continuously permeate into the waste dump from the water outlet point of the buried aquifer. Meanwhile, due to atmospheric precipitation, a large amount of water gathered on the surface of the waste dump can continuously permeate into the waste dump under the condition of not timely draining. Under the above-mentioned multiple condition combined action, the inside a large amount of water that gathers of refuse dump, the inside material intensity of refuse dump is seriously eroded, and inside water pressure is great or when eroding the layer seriously, can reduce refuse dump stability at the inside weak layer that forms of refuse dump, causes serious influence to mine safety in production.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the problems in the prior art, the invention provides the strip mine waste dump with the water draining and storing functions, which effectively discharges the water in the strip mine waste dump, avoids the formation of weak layers and enhances the stability of the strip mine waste dump.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides the following technical scheme: a surface water-resisting layer from an original stratum to the outer surface of a waste dump is constructed in the waste dump of an open mine at a position 10-15m above the aggregation level of a water outlet point of the original stratum, and the inclination angle of the surface water-resisting layer is 1-3%; laying a surface hydrophobic layer on the surface of the surface water-resisting layer; at the position 10-15m below the aggregation level of the water outlet point of the original stratum, keeping the distance 10-15m below the infiltration curve of the water outlet of the original stratum in the waste dump, constructing a step-shaped internal drainage water-stop layer, inclining the upper surface of the step 1-3% to one side of the outer surface of the waste dump, and laying an internal drainage hydrophobic layer on the upper surface of the internal drainage water-stop layer; the internal drainage water-resisting layer and the internal drainage hydrophobic layer extend downwards to a position 10m away from the upper surface of the lower water-resisting layer; constructing a lower water-resisting layer from the original stratum to the outer surface of the waste dump in the strip mine waste dump at a position 50-70m below the water outlet point aggregation level of the original stratum, and paving a lower hydrophobic layer on the upper surface of the lower water-resisting layer; constructing a bottom water-resisting layer from an original stratum to the outer surface of the waste dump in the strip mine waste dump at a position 50-70m below the lower water-resisting layer, and paving a bottom hydrophobic layer on the upper surface of the bottom water-resisting layer; the outer edge of the strip mine refuse dump is of a step-shaped structure, a slope bottom drainage channel is arranged at the slope bottom position of each refuse dump step, and the upper surface of each refuse dump step inclines 1-3% towards one side of the interior of the refuse dump.
Furthermore, when the horizontal distance of the water outlet point of the original stratum is more than 150m from the upper surface of the waste dump, a plurality of surface water-resisting layers and surface hydrophobic layers are arranged according to the vertical distance of 100 m.
Further, when the distance between the bottom water-resisting layer and the bottom of the refuse dump exceeds 150m, a plurality of layers of bottom water-resisting layers and bottom hydrophobic layers are arranged according to the vertical distance of 100 m.
Furthermore, the sloping bottom drainage channel is provided with a sedimentation basin with the depth of 1m every 30-50m along the extension direction.
Furthermore, when the refuse dump steps are constructed, the slope bottom line of the refuse dump steps is located 2-3m below the corresponding hydrophobic layer.
Furthermore, a water storage pool in the slope is arranged every 300-400m in the total length range of the slope bottom drainage channel corresponding to the hydrophobic layer, and the water storage pool in the slope is arranged in the open pit refuse dump.
Furthermore, the depth of the water storage pool in the slope is 10-15m, the length and the width are 50 x 50m, the water storage pool is formed by pouring reinforced concrete, and two layers of filter screens are arranged at the connecting position of the water storage pool in the slope and the drainage channel at the bottom of the slope.
Compared with the prior art, the functional layers such as the multilayer water-resisting layer and the hydrophobic layer are arranged according to different sources of water bodies in the strip mine waste dump, so that the functional layers are blocked and dredged in a segmented manner, weak layers in the strip mine waste dump are prevented from gathering, the amount of water bodies in the strip mine waste dump and on the surface is effectively reduced, and the safety of the strip mine waste dump is ensured; the water resistance, the drainage and the water storage are integrated, the operation benefit is improved, the water circulation in the strip mine waste dump area is realized, all functional layers are arranged in or on the strip mine waste dump, and the waste dump space is not occupied; the functional layer arrangement is arranged along with the construction of a refuse dump, so that the normal production of a mine is not influenced; materials and equipment used for the functional layer are mine owned objects, and the cost is not increased obviously; the water storage tank in the slope formed by pouring the reinforced concrete reinforces the surface of the waste dump section by section while realizing water storage, and improves the stability of the waste dump.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of the overall structure of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is an enlarged schematic view of the structure at A-A in FIG. 1;
FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view of a sloped bottom drainage channel in accordance with the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a top view of the water storage pool in the slope of the present invention;
in the figure: 1. a surface water-resisting layer; 2. an internal drainage water barrier; 3. a lower water barrier layer; 4. a bottom water barrier layer; 5. an open pit dump; 6. an original formation water outlet point; 7. an original formation; 8. the outer surface of a refuse dump; 9. a surface hydrophobic layer; 10. a downward osmosis curve; 11. draining the hydrophobic layer inside; 12. a lower hydrophobic layer; 13. a bottom hydrophobic layer; 14. a refuse dump step; 15. a sloping bottom drainage channel; 16. a water storage pool in the slope; 17. a sedimentation tank; 18. an observation hole; 19. an equipment hole; 20. and (4) a filter screen.
Detailed Description
The invention will be further explained with reference to the drawings.
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be obtained by a person skilled in the art without making any creative effort based on the embodiments in the present invention, belong to the protection scope of the present invention.
The invention provides a technical scheme that: an open-pit mine waste dump with a water draining and storing function is formed by sequentially constructing an open-pit mine waste dump 5 from a bottom layer to a surface layer.
As shown in figure 1, a surface water-resisting layer 1 from an original stratum 7 to an external surface 8 of a waste dump is constructed in the waste dump 5 of an open-pit mine at a position 10-15m above the gathering level of a water outlet point 6 of the original stratum buried in the waste dump, and the inclination angle of the surface water-resisting layer 1 is 1-3%; the surface water-resisting layer 1 is made of materials which are relatively high in viscosity, easy to condense when meeting water and strong in water resistance in strip mine strippers, and the thickness is determined according to the water resistance effect and is generally 5-10m; laying a surface hydrophobic layer 9 on the surface of the surface water-resisting layer 1; the surface hydrophobic layer 9 is a massive rock material which is difficult to disintegrate in water and has strong hydrophobicity in strip materials of strip mines, the lumpiness is 10-30cm, and the thickness is 1-3m. The cooperation of the surface water-resisting layer 1 and the surface hydrophobic layer 9 can block the atmospheric precipitation infiltrated on the upper surface of the strip mine waste dump 5 at a certain level, and the infiltrated water is collected and discharged to the outer surface 8 of the waste dump for uniform collection. When the horizontal distance of the water outlet points 6 of the original stratum from the upper surface of the refuse dump exceeds 150m, in order to prevent the water from seeping all the time, a plurality of surface water-resisting layers 1 and surface hydrophobic layers 9 are arranged at a vertical distance of 100 m.
And (2) at the position which is 10-15m below the gathering level of an original stratum water outlet point 6 buried in the waste dump, keeping the distance which is 10-15m below the infiltration curve 10 of the original stratum water outlet in the waste dump, constructing a ladder-type internal drainage water-stop layer 2, wherein the step height is 5m, the upper surface of the step inclines 1-3% towards one side of the outer surface 8 of the waste dump, and the material of the drainage water-stop layer 2 is the same as that of the surface water-stop layer 1. Laying an internal drainage hydrophobic layer 11 on the upper surface of the internal drainage water-proof layer 2; the internal drainage water-resisting layer 2 and the internal drainage hydrophobic layer 11 extend downwards to a position 10m away from the upper surface of the lower water-resisting layer 3; the purpose of arranging the internal drainage water-resisting layer 2 and the internal drainage hydrophobic layer 11 is to prevent water permeating into the strip mine waste dump 5 from leaking downwards all the time in a certain area from the original formation water outlet point 6. Meanwhile, the reason why the internal drainage water-barrier 2 is not connected with the lower water-barrier 3 is that the water in the area sandwiched by the internal drainage water-barrier 2, the original formation 7 and the lower water-barrier 3 can be blocked by the lower water-barrier 3 and discharged through the lower water-repellent layer 12.
A lower water-resisting layer 3 from an original stratum 7 to an external surface 8 of a waste dump is constructed in the waste dump 5 of the strip mine at a position 50-70m below a gathering level of an original stratum water outlet point 6 buried in the waste dump, and design parameters and materials of the lower water-resisting layer 3 are the same as those of a surface water-resisting layer 1. And laying a lower hydrophobic layer 12 on the upper surface of the lower water-resisting layer 3, wherein the design parameters and the material of the lower hydrophobic layer 12 are the same as those of the surface hydrophobic layer 9. The lower water-resisting layer 3 and the lower water-resisting layer 3 are arranged for blocking all the water bodies seeping below the surface water-resisting layer 1 at a certain level, and the water bodies seeping downwards are collected and discharged to the outer surface 8 of the waste dump for uniform collection through the matching of the lower water-resisting layer 3 and the lower hydrophobic layer 12. If the number of the water outlet points 6 of the original bottom layer is more, a plurality of internal drainage water-resisting layers 2 and a plurality of internal drainage water-resisting layers 3 can be correspondingly and sequentially constructed according to the steps, and the minimum internal infiltration amount of the strip mine waste dump 5 is realized.
And constructing a bottom water-resisting layer 4 from an original stratum 7 to the outer surface 8 of the waste dump in the strip mine waste dump 5 at a position 50-70m below the lower water-resisting layer 3, wherein the design parameters and materials of the bottom water-resisting layer 4 are the same as those of the surface water-resisting layer 1. And laying a bottom hydrophobic layer 13 on the upper surface of the bottom water-resisting layer 4, wherein the design parameters and materials of the bottom hydrophobic layer 13 are the same as those of the surface hydrophobic layer 9. The purpose of setting up bottom water barrier 4 and bottom hydrophobic layer 13 is in order to be at certain level with all infiltration water body separation below the lower part water barrier 3 to through the cooperation of bottom water barrier 4 and bottom hydrophobic layer 13, collect the water of infiltration and discharge to waste dump surface 8 and collect in unison. When the distance between the bottom water-resisting layer 4 and the bottom of the refuse dump exceeds 150m, in order to prevent the water from infiltrating all the time, a plurality of layers of bottom water-resisting layers 4 and bottom hydrophobic layers 13 are arranged at a vertical distance of 100 m.
The outer edge of the strip mine waste dump 5 is of a step-shaped structure, a slope bottom drainage channel 15 with the top width of 3m and the bottom width of 2m and the height of 1m is arranged at the slope bottom position of each waste dump step 14, and the slope bottom drainage channel 15 is provided with a 1-3% slope along the extending direction, so that the water collection function is realized. The upper surface of each waste dump step 14 inclines by 1-3% towards one side of the waste dump, and precipitation on the waste dump steps 14 can flow to the slope bottom drainage channel 15. As shown in FIG. 3, the sloping bottom drainage channel 15 is provided with a sedimentation basin 17 with the depth of 1m every 30-50m along the extension direction, and is used for settling silt in water.
In order to enable water flowing out of the surface hydrophobic layer 9, the inner drainage hydrophobic layer 11, the lower hydrophobic layer 12 and the bottom hydrophobic layer 13 to flow downstream to the slope bottom drainage channel 15 of the nearest step nearby, when the refuse dump step 14 corresponding to the hydrophobic layer is constructed, the slope bottom line of the refuse dump step 14 is located 2-3m below the corresponding hydrophobic layer.
And arranging one water storage tank 16 in the slope at the interval of 300-400m in the full length range of the slope bottom drainage channel 15 on the drainage field step 14 corresponding to the hydrophobic layer, wherein the depth of the water storage tank 16 in the slope is 10-15m, and the length and the width of the water storage tank are 50 x 50m. As shown in fig. 2 to 4, the water storage pool 16 in the slope is arranged in the strip mine waste dump 5, the upper surface of the water storage pool is closed, observation holes 18 with the diameter of 0.5m are reserved every 15m, equipment holes 19 with the diameter of 2m are arranged on the boundary of the water storage pool, and when water needs to be taken, water pumping equipment is placed in the water storage pool 16 in the slope through the equipment holes 19. The water storage tank 16 in the slope is integrally formed by pouring reinforced concrete. Two layers of filter screens 20 are arranged at the connecting position of the water storage pool 16 in the slope and the drainage channel 15 at the slope bottom. The drainage field steps 14 without corresponding hydrophobic layers are arranged, and an in-slope water storage tank 16 is arranged on a drainage channel 15 at the bottom of the slope at intervals of 1-2 drainage field steps 14.
It will be evident to those skilled in the art that the invention is not limited to the details of the foregoing illustrative embodiments, and that the present invention may be embodied in other specific forms without departing from the spirit or essential attributes thereof. The present embodiments are therefore to be considered in all respects as illustrative and not restrictive, the scope of the invention being indicated by the appended claims rather than by the foregoing description, and all changes which come within the meaning and range of equivalency of the claims are therefore intended to be embraced therein. Any reference sign in a claim should not be construed as limiting the claim concerned.
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and is not intended to limit the present invention, and any minor modifications, equivalent replacements and improvements made to the above embodiment according to the technical spirit of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the technical solution of the present invention.
Claims (1)
1. The utility model provides an open-pit mine refuse dump with hydrophobic water storage function which characterized in that:
constructing a surface water-resisting layer (1) from an original stratum (7) to the outer surface (8) of a dumping yard in the strip mine dumping yard (5) at a position 10-15m above the gathering level of a water outlet point (6) of the original stratum, wherein the inclination angle of the surface water-resisting layer (1) is 1-3%; laying a surface hydrophobic layer (9) on the surface of the surface water-resisting layer (1);
at the position 10-15m below the aggregation level of an original stratum water outlet point (6), keeping the distance of 10-15m below a infiltration curve (10) of original stratum water in the dump, constructing a stepped internal drainage water-stop layer (2), inclining the upper surface of a step by 1-3% towards one side of the outer surface (8) of the dump, and paving an internal drainage hydrophobic layer (11) on the upper surface of the internal drainage water-stop layer (2); the internal drainage water-resisting layer (2) and the internal drainage hydrophobic layer (11) extend downwards to a position 10m away from the upper surface of the lower water-resisting layer (3);
constructing a lower water-resisting layer (3) from an original stratum (7) to the outer surface (8) of a dumping yard in the strip mine dumping yard (5) at a position 50-70m below the gathering level of an original stratum water outlet point (6), and paving a lower water-resisting layer (12) on the upper surface of the lower water-resisting layer (3);
constructing a bottom water-resisting layer (4) from an original stratum (7) to the outer surface (8) of the waste dump in the strip mine waste dump (5) at a position 50-70m below the lower water-resisting layer (3), and paving a bottom hydrophobic layer (13) on the upper surface of the bottom water-resisting layer (4);
the outer edge of the strip mine refuse dump (5) is of a step-shaped structure, a slope bottom drainage channel (15) is arranged at the slope bottom position of each refuse dump step (14), and the upper surface of each refuse dump step (14) inclines by 1-3% towards one side of the interior of the refuse dump;
when the horizontal distance of the water outlet points (6) of the original stratum is more than 150m from the upper surface of the waste dump, arranging a plurality of surface water-resisting layers (1) and surface hydrophobic layers (9) according to the vertical distance of 100 m;
when the distance between the bottom water-resisting layer (4) and the bottom of the refuse dump exceeds 150m, arranging a plurality of layers of bottom water-resisting layers (4) and bottom hydrophobic layers (13) according to the vertical distance of 100 m;
the sloping bottom drainage channel (15) is provided with a sedimentation basin (17) with the depth of 1m every 30-50m along the extension direction;
when the refuse dump step (14) is constructed, the slope bottom line of the refuse dump step (14) is positioned 2-3m below the corresponding hydrophobic layer;
arranging one water storage pool (16) in the slope at intervals of 300-400m in the full length range of the slope bottom drainage channel (15) corresponding to the hydrophobic layer, wherein the water storage pool (16) in the slope is arranged in the open pit dump (5);
the depth of the water storage pool (16) in the slope is 10-15m, the length and the width are 50 x 50m, the water storage pool is formed by pouring reinforced concrete, and two layers of filter screens (20) are arranged at the connecting position of the water storage pool (16) in the slope and the drainage channel (15) at the bottom of the slope.
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| CN202111103594.5A CN113832989B (en) | 2021-09-22 | 2021-09-22 | Strip mine waste dump with water drainage and storage functions |
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| CN202111103594.5A CN113832989B (en) | 2021-09-22 | 2021-09-22 | Strip mine waste dump with water drainage and storage functions |
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| CN113832989B true CN113832989B (en) | 2023-01-24 |
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| CN114197505A (en) * | 2022-01-04 | 2022-03-18 | 国家能源集团国源电力有限公司 | Internal soil discharge field structure and treatment method thereof |
| CN114876026A (en) * | 2022-06-06 | 2022-08-09 | 中国电建集团中南勘测设计研究院有限公司 | Structure and method for constructing ditch dump |
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| CN111088788A (en) * | 2019-12-16 | 2020-05-01 | 中国矿业大学 | Method for communicating aquifers of soil dumping site in strip mine |
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| CN113026817A (en) * | 2021-04-02 | 2021-06-25 | 中国矿业大学 | Strip mine foundation pit reconstruction underground reservoir and construction method thereof |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN109854248A (en) * | 2019-03-03 | 2019-06-07 | 煤炭科学研究总院 | A kind of opencut water conservation reclamation method |
| CN111088788A (en) * | 2019-12-16 | 2020-05-01 | 中国矿业大学 | Method for communicating aquifers of soil dumping site in strip mine |
| CN112982447A (en) * | 2021-02-27 | 2021-06-18 | 中国矿业大学 | Strip mine refuse dump with ecological step slope surface structure |
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| CN113106988A (en) * | 2021-04-14 | 2021-07-13 | 中国矿业大学 | Internal dam body construction method for refuse dump of internal-discharge strip mine |
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