CN113832324A - Production process of linear guide rail - Google Patents
Production process of linear guide rail Download PDFInfo
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- CN113832324A CN113832324A CN202111008816.5A CN202111008816A CN113832324A CN 113832324 A CN113832324 A CN 113832324A CN 202111008816 A CN202111008816 A CN 202111008816A CN 113832324 A CN113832324 A CN 113832324A
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- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 15
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 55
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 33
- 238000005097 cold rolling Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 238000010791 quenching Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 230000000171 quenching effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 238000005496 tempering Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 238000005422 blasting Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 238000007127 saponification reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 238000000137 annealing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 claims description 18
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- 230000035882 stress Effects 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000000295 fuel oil Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 230000032683 aging Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000004321 preservation Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000007670 refining Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 abstract description 18
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 abstract description 15
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 abstract description 7
- 230000004044 response Effects 0.000 abstract description 4
- 229910001566 austenite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 4
- FBPFZTCFMRRESA-JGWLITMVSA-N D-glucitol Chemical group OC[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@H](O)CO FBPFZTCFMRRESA-JGWLITMVSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000000227 grinding Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910000734 martensite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 150000001247 metal acetylides Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 230000009466 transformation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910001563 bainite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005336 cracking Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002349 favourable effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002028 premature Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002035 prolonged effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000717 retained effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005096 rolling process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008646 thermal stress Effects 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D9/00—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor
- C21D9/0068—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor for particular articles not mentioned below
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23P—METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; COMBINED OPERATIONS; UNIVERSAL MACHINE TOOLS
- B23P15/00—Making specific metal objects by operations not covered by a single other subclass or a group in this subclass
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
- C21D1/18—Hardening; Quenching with or without subsequent tempering
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
- C21D1/26—Methods of annealing
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
- C21D1/26—Methods of annealing
- C21D1/30—Stress-relieving
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D6/00—Heat treatment of ferrous alloys
- C21D6/04—Hardening by cooling below 0 degrees Celsius
Abstract
The invention discloses a production process of a linear guide rail, which comprises the steps of preparing a blank; tying heads; acid washing is carried out after shot blasting; performing first cold rolling forming; performing cold rolling for the second time; cold rolling for the third time; straightening for the first time; annealing, namely setting the furnace temperature to 800 +/-10 ℃, and keeping the temperature for 3-4 h; then cooling to 720 +/-10 ℃ at the speed of 30 ℃/h, and then preserving heat for 4-6 h; then cooling the mixture to below 500 ℃ along with the furnace, discharging the mixture out of the furnace and air cooling the mixture; shot blasting; phosphorus saponification; drawing for the first time; shot blasting; phosphorus saponification; drawing for the second time; cutting at a fixed length; straightening; stress relief annealing; tempering, namely tempering in a low-temperature oven at 300 ℃, controlling the temperature to be 180 +/-20 ℃, preserving the heat for 8 hours, discharging and air cooling; straightening; checking; compared with the traditional heat treatment quenching, the heat treatment process can well control the hardness of the guide rail and improve the uniformity of the hardness distribution of the guide rail in response.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of guide rail processing technologies, and particularly relates to a linear guide rail production technology.
Background
As long as the failure mode of the linear rolling guide rail is contact fatigue damage and plastic deformation generated under heavy pressure, the guide rail as a whole must have better comprehensive mechanical property and better dimensional stability for resisting temperature change, and the working part of the guide rail is required to have high hardness, high strength and high wear resistance, because the required performance must be achieved through reasonable heat treatment process means. In modern mechanical equipment, particularly a machine tool guide rail is long in size, and the effective thickness exceeds the critical diameter of oil quenching, so that the phenomena of distortion, cracking and uneven hardness generated after the guide rail is quenched by heat treatment are difficult to control, and the problem is not well solved for a long time by quenching according to the conventional process, so that the production and the product quality are seriously influenced.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a linear guide rail production process, which aims to solve the technical problems in the background art.
In order to solve the technical problem, the invention aims to realize that:
a production process of a linear guide rail comprises
S1: preparing a blank;
s2: tying heads;
s3: acid washing is carried out after shot blasting;
s4: performing first cold rolling forming;
s5: performing cold rolling for the second time;
s6: cold rolling for the third time;
s7: straightening for the first time;
s8: annealing, namely setting the furnace temperature to 800 +/-10 ℃, and keeping the temperature for 3-4 h; then cooling to 720 +/-10 ℃ at the speed of 30 ℃/h, and then preserving heat for 4-6 h; then cooling the mixture to below 500 ℃ along with the furnace, discharging the mixture out of the furnace and air cooling the mixture;
s9: shot blasting;
s10: phosphorus saponification;
s11: drawing for the first time;
s12: shot blasting;
s13: phosphorus saponification;
s14: drawing for the second time;
s15: cutting at a fixed length;
s16: straightening;
s17: stress relief annealing, charging at normal temperature, setting the temperature to be 580 +/-10 ℃, keeping the temperature for 2-4h, cooling to below 500 ℃ along with the furnace, and discharging the workpiece from the furnace for air cooling;
s18: straightening;
s19: performing heat treatment, namely preheating the furnace to 350 ℃, then loading the furnace, introducing protective gas, heating the furnace to 850 +/-10 ℃, preserving heat in the furnace for 1.5-2h, then quickly taking out the furnace and cooling the furnace oil to about 200 ℃, and taking the furnace oil out of an oil tank;
s20: tempering, namely tempering in a low-temperature oven at 300 ℃, controlling the temperature to be 180 +/-20 ℃, preserving the heat for 8 hours, discharging and air cooling;
s21: straightening;
s22: and (6) checking.
On the basis of the above scheme and as a preferable scheme of the scheme: and the method also comprises aging stress removal treatment, namely using a low-temperature oven at 300 ℃, placing the guide rail into a furnace, controlling the temperature at 140 ℃ and 160 ℃, preserving the heat for 8-20h, and discharging the guide rail out of the furnace for air cooling.
On the basis of the above scheme and as a preferable scheme of the scheme: step 9 is thermal refining, the guide rail is preheated at 550 ℃ for 30min to 850 ℃, and oil quenching is carried out after heat preservation for 25 min; and then tempering at the high temperature of 650 ℃ for 120min and then air cooling.
On the basis of the above scheme and as a preferable scheme of the scheme: and a final heat treatment step is also included between the step S21 and the step S22, and comprises the steps of preheating at 550 ℃ for 25-30min, then heating to 800 ℃, preserving heat for 25min, precooling in air for 2min, then quenching at the temperature of about 240 ℃ for oil outlet, and cooling to room temperature after oil inlet.
On the basis of the above scheme and as a preferable scheme of the scheme: after the calibration, the step of cooling the steel plate to room temperature in oil also comprises the step of heating the steel plate to 150 ℃ after ice-cooling treatment at-65 ℃ for 120min, tempering the steel plate at low temperature for 240min and then cooling the steel plate in air.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the outstanding and beneficial technical effects that: 1. the hardness of the traditional heat treatment quenching is difficult to meet the technical requirement or the hardness distribution is uneven, the hardness of the guide rail can be well controlled through the heat treatment process, and the uniformity of the hardness distribution of the guide rail is improved in response.
2. The stability of the shape and the size of the guide rail can be effectively improved, the hardness is improved by about 2HRC, and the wear resistance is also improved.
Detailed Description
To make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present application clearer, the technical solutions will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the embodiments,
example one
A production process of a linear guide rail comprises
S1: preparing a blank;
s2: tying heads;
s3: acid washing is carried out after shot blasting;
s4: performing first cold rolling forming;
s5: performing cold rolling for the second time;
s6: cold rolling for the third time;
s7: straightening for the first time;
s8: annealing, namely setting the furnace temperature to 800 +/-10 ℃, and keeping the temperature for 3-4 h; then cooling to 720 +/-10 ℃ at the speed of 30 ℃/h, and then preserving heat for 4-6 h; then cooling the mixture to below 500 ℃ along with the furnace, discharging the mixture out of the furnace and air cooling the mixture;
s9: shot blasting;
s10: phosphorus saponification;
s11: drawing for the first time;
s12: shot blasting;
s13: phosphorus saponification;
s14: drawing for the second time;
s15: cutting at a fixed length;
s16: straightening;
s17: stress relief annealing, charging at normal temperature, setting the temperature to be 580 +/-10 ℃, keeping the temperature for 2-4h, cooling to below 500 ℃ along with the furnace, and discharging the workpiece from the furnace for air cooling;
s18: straightening;
s19: performing heat treatment, namely preheating the furnace to 350 ℃, then loading the furnace, introducing protective gas, heating the furnace to 850 +/-10 ℃, preserving heat in the furnace for 1.5-2h, then quickly taking out the furnace and cooling the furnace oil to about 200 ℃, and taking the furnace oil out of an oil tank;
s20: tempering, tempering in a low-temperature oven at 300 ℃, controlling the temperature at 180 +/-20 ℃, preserving the heat for 8h, discharging and air cooling. (ii) a
S21: straightening;
s22: and (6) checking.
The guide rail is subjected to heat treatment by the process of the embodiment, the problem that the hardness of the traditional heat treatment quenching is difficult to meet the technical requirement or the hardness distribution is uneven is well solved, the hardness of the guide rail can be well controlled by the heat treatment process of the application, and the uniformity of the hardness distribution of the guide rail is improved in response.
Example two
A production process of a linear guide rail comprises
S1: preparing a blank;
s2: tying heads;
s3: acid washing is carried out after shot blasting;
s4: performing first cold rolling forming;
s5: performing cold rolling for the second time;
s6: cold rolling for the third time;
s7: straightening for the first time;
s8: annealing, namely setting the furnace temperature to 800 +/-10 ℃, and keeping the temperature for 3-4 h; then cooling to 720 +/-10 ℃ at the speed of 30 ℃/h, and then preserving heat for 4-6 h; then cooling the mixture to below 500 ℃ along with the furnace, discharging the mixture out of the furnace and air cooling the mixture;
s9: shot blasting;
s10: phosphorus saponification;
s11: drawing for the first time;
s12: shot blasting;
s13: phosphorus saponification;
s14: drawing for the second time;
s15: cutting at a fixed length; and then, aging stress removal treatment is carried out, a low-temperature oven at 300 ℃ is used, the guide rail is arranged in a controlled temperature and at 160 ℃, the temperature is kept for 8-20h, and the guide rail is taken out of the furnace and cooled in air. The method aims to release and eliminate the internal stress generated in the guide rail grinding process, stabilize the size precision of the workpiece, and increase the aging stress-relief treatment process after the second drawing so as to reduce the internal stress in the finished guide rail as much as possible.
S16: straightening;
s17: stress relief annealing, charging at normal temperature, setting the temperature to be 580 +/-10 ℃, keeping the temperature for 2-4h, cooling to below 500 ℃ along with the furnace, and discharging the workpiece from the furnace for air cooling;
s18: straightening;
s19: performing heat treatment, namely preheating the furnace to 350 ℃, then loading the furnace, introducing protective gas, heating the furnace to 850 +/-10 ℃, preserving heat in the furnace for 1.5-2h, then quickly taking out the furnace and cooling the furnace oil to about 200 ℃, and taking the furnace oil out of an oil tank;
s20: tempering, tempering in a low-temperature oven at 300 ℃, controlling the temperature at 180 +/-20 ℃, preserving the heat for 8h, discharging and air cooling. (ii) a
S21: straightening;
s22: and (6) checking.
The guide rail is subjected to heat treatment by the process of the embodiment, the problem that the hardness of the traditional heat treatment quenching is difficult to meet the technical requirement or the hardness distribution is uneven is well solved, the hardness of the guide rail can be well controlled by the heat treatment process of the application, and the uniformity of the hardness distribution of the guide rail is improved in response. In addition, the product size is more stable and consistent.
EXAMPLE III
A production process of a linear guide rail comprises
S1: preparing a blank;
s2: tying heads;
s3: acid washing is carried out after shot blasting;
s4: performing first cold rolling forming;
s5: performing cold rolling for the second time;
s6: cold rolling for the third time;
s7: straightening for the first time;
s8: quenching and tempering, namely preheating the guide rail at 550 ℃ for 30min-850 ℃, and performing oil quenching after heat preservation for 25 min; then tempering at the high temperature of 650 ℃ for 120min and then air cooling; crystal grains in the guide rail are crushed due to severe cold rolling deformation in the cold rolling process of the guide rail, so that carbides and fine grained sorbite structures are easily distributed unevenly in the guide rail; through the quenching and tempering treatment of the step, dispersed fine carbides and fine grained sorbite structures which are uniformly distributed are obtained, and the distortion caused by the volume change in the quenching process is reduced.
S9: shot blasting;
s10: phosphorus saponification;
s11: drawing for the first time;
s12: shot blasting;
s13: phosphorus saponification;
s14: drawing for the second time;
s15: cutting at a fixed length; and then, aging stress removal treatment is carried out, a low-temperature oven at 300 ℃ is used, the guide rail is arranged in a controlled temperature and at 160 ℃, the temperature is kept for 8-20h, and the guide rail is taken out of the furnace and cooled in air. The method aims to release and eliminate the internal stress generated in the guide rail grinding process, stabilize the size precision of the workpiece, and increase the aging stress-relief treatment process after the second drawing so as to reduce the internal stress in the finished guide rail as much as possible.
S16: straightening;
s17: stress relief annealing, charging at normal temperature, setting the temperature to be 580 +/-10 ℃, keeping the temperature for 2-4h, cooling to below 500 ℃ along with the furnace, and discharging the workpiece from the furnace for air cooling;
s18: straightening;
s19: performing heat treatment, namely preheating the furnace to 350 ℃, then loading the furnace, introducing protective gas, heating the furnace to 850 +/-10 ℃, preserving heat in the furnace for 1.5-2h, then quickly taking out the furnace and cooling the furnace oil to about 200 ℃, and taking the furnace oil out of an oil tank;
s20: tempering, tempering in a low-temperature oven at 300 ℃, controlling the temperature at 180 +/-20 ℃, preserving the heat for 8h, discharging and air cooling. (ii) a
S21: straightening; because the workpiece is larger and exceeds the critical dimension of oil quenching, the hardness can not meet the technical requirement by adopting the conventional heating temperature for quenching, therefore, the embodiment also comprises a final heat treatment step which comprises preheating at 550 ℃ for 25-30min, then heating to 800 ℃ and preserving heat for 25min, precooling in air for 2min, then quenching at about 240 ℃ and discharging oil, and cooling to room temperature after correction. The hardness reaches the technical requirement, because the quenching temperature is increased, the Ms point is reduced, the residual austenite of the workpiece is increased, a favorable condition is provided for temperature correction, the volume change is small during the structure transformation along with the increase of the residual austenite, the quenching distortion is night, the temperature difference of the workpiece is reduced by precooling and quenching, the thermal stress is effectively reduced, a large amount of untransformed supercooled austenite is also arranged on the workpiece which produces oil at 240 ℃, the temperature correction is rapidly carried out by utilizing the characteristic of good plasticity of the austenite, the transformation from the supercooled austenite to the martensite is slowed down, the structure stress is reduced, a small amount of lower bainite can be produced at about 240 ℃ according to the C curve of steel, and the powerful use performance of the guide rail is improved.
S22: and (6) checking. Of course, the present embodiment further includes the step of cooling the steel sheet after the calibration by cooling the steel sheet to room temperature, heating the steel sheet to 150 ℃ after cooling the steel sheet by ice at-65 ℃ for 120min, tempering the steel sheet at low temperature for 240min, and then cooling the steel sheet by air. In the prior art, the guide rail is not subjected to ice-cooling treatment after heat treatment, residual austenite is converted into martensite in the long-time use process of a workpiece, stress and volume change are generated, and premature distortion failure is caused. After the ice-cooling treatment is added, the amount of retained austenite in the workpiece is greatly reduced, the stability of the size of the workpiece is ensured, and the service life of the guide rail is obviously prolonged.
The above embodiments are only preferred embodiments of the present invention, and the protection scope of the present invention is not limited thereby, so: all equivalent changes made according to the structure, shape and principle of the invention are covered by the protection scope of the invention.
Claims (5)
1. A production process of a linear guide rail is characterized by comprising the following steps: comprises that
S1: preparing a blank;
s2: tying heads;
s3: acid washing is carried out after shot blasting;
s4: performing first cold rolling forming;
s5: performing cold rolling for the second time;
s6: cold rolling for the third time;
s7: straightening for the first time;
s8: annealing, namely setting the furnace temperature to 800 +/-10 ℃, and keeping the temperature for 3-4 h; then cooling to 720 +/-10 ℃ at the speed of 30 ℃/h, and then preserving heat for 4-6 h; then cooling the mixture to below 500 ℃ along with the furnace, discharging the mixture out of the furnace and air cooling the mixture;
s9: shot blasting;
s10: phosphorus saponification;
s11: drawing for the first time;
s12: shot blasting;
s13: phosphorus saponification;
s14: drawing for the second time;
s15: cutting at a fixed length;
s16: straightening;
s17: stress relief annealing, charging at normal temperature, setting the temperature to be 580 +/-10 ℃, keeping the temperature for 2-4h, cooling to below 500 ℃ along with the furnace, and discharging the workpiece from the furnace for air cooling;
s18: straightening;
s19: performing heat treatment, namely preheating the furnace to 350 ℃, then loading the furnace, introducing protective gas, heating the furnace to 850 +/-10 ℃, preserving heat in the furnace for 1.5-2h, then quickly taking out the furnace and cooling the furnace oil to about 200 ℃, and taking the furnace oil out of an oil tank;
s20: tempering, namely tempering in a low-temperature oven at 300 ℃, controlling the temperature to be 180 +/-20 ℃, preserving the heat for 8 hours, discharging and air cooling;
s21: straightening;
s22: and (6) checking.
2. The production process of the linear guide rail according to claim 1, wherein: and (3) aging stress relief treatment is further included between the step S15 and the step S16, a low-temperature oven at 300 ℃ is used, the guide rail is installed in a controlled temperature and at 160 ℃, the temperature is kept for 8-20h, and the guide rail is taken out of the furnace and air-cooled.
3. The production process of the linear guide rail according to claim 1, wherein: step 8 is thermal refining, wherein the guide rail is preheated at 550 ℃ for 30min-850 ℃, and oil quenching is carried out after heat preservation for 25 min; and then tempering at the high temperature of 650 ℃ for 120min and then air cooling.
4. The production process of the linear guide rail according to claim 1, wherein: and a final heat treatment step is also included between the step S21 and the step S22, and comprises the steps of preheating at 550 ℃ for 25-30min, then heating to 800 ℃, preserving heat for 25min, precooling in air for 2min, then quenching at the temperature of about 240 ℃ for oil outlet, and cooling to room temperature after oil inlet.
5. The production process of the linear guide rail according to claim 4, wherein: after the calibration, the step of cooling the steel plate to room temperature in oil also comprises the step of heating the steel plate to 150 ℃ after ice-cooling treatment at-65 ℃ for 120min, tempering the steel plate at low temperature for 240min and then cooling the steel plate in air.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202111008816.5A CN113832324A (en) | 2021-08-31 | 2021-08-31 | Production process of linear guide rail |
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|---|---|---|---|
| CN202111008816.5A CN113832324A (en) | 2021-08-31 | 2021-08-31 | Production process of linear guide rail |
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2021
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Application publication date: 20211224 |