CN113831653A - Ethylene propylene diene monomer rubber material for wire drawing machine manipulator clamping jaw and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Ethylene propylene diene monomer rubber material for wire drawing machine manipulator clamping jaw and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN113831653A CN113831653A CN202111320713.2A CN202111320713A CN113831653A CN 113831653 A CN113831653 A CN 113831653A CN 202111320713 A CN202111320713 A CN 202111320713A CN 113831653 A CN113831653 A CN 113831653A
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08L23/00—Compositions of homopolymers or copolymers of unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbons having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers
- C08L23/02—Compositions of homopolymers or copolymers of unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbons having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers not modified by chemical after-treatment
- C08L23/16—Elastomeric ethene-propene or ethene-propene-diene copolymers, e.g. EPR and EPDM rubbers
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K3/00—Use of inorganic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K3/18—Oxygen-containing compounds, e.g. metal carbonyls
- C08K3/20—Oxides; Hydroxides
- C08K3/22—Oxides; Hydroxides of metals
- C08K2003/2296—Oxides; Hydroxides of metals of zinc
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K2201/00—Specific properties of additives
- C08K2201/014—Additives containing two or more different additives of the same subgroup in C08K
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Abstract
The invention discloses an ethylene propylene diene monomer rubber material for a manipulator clamping jaw of a wire drawing machine and a preparation method thereof, wherein the ethylene propylene diene monomer rubber material comprises the following components: ethylene propylene diene monomer, carbon black, modified talcum powder, fabric rubber powder, paraffin oil, epoxidized soybean oil, zinc oxide, an anti-aging agent, stearic acid, petroleum resin, phenolic tackifying resin, triallyl isocyanurate, dibenzoyl peroxide and sulfur. According to the invention, through the research and development of the ethylene propylene diene monomer rubber material, the surface viscosity of the material is reduced, the friction resistance and the surface scratch resistance are improved, the influence on the original rebound resilience is small, the process operability is obviously improved, the manufacturing process is simple, reliable and stable, and the material is suitable for the manipulator clamping jaw material of the automatic optical fiber wire drawing machine.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of optical fiber manufacturing and processing, in particular to an ethylene propylene diene monomer rubber material for a manipulator clamping jaw of a wire drawing machine and a preparation method thereof.
Background
The optical fiber image transmission element comprises an optical fiber panel, an optical fiber image inverter, an optical fiber light cone, an optical fiber image transmission bundle and the like, is a photoelectric imaging element with excellent performance, and has the characteristics of simple structure, small volume, light weight, high resolution, large numerical aperture, small interstage coupling loss, clear and real image transmission, high light transmission efficiency, optical zero thickness in image transmission, capability of improving edge image quality and the like. The optical fiber image transmission element is widely applied to various cathode ray tubes, image pick-up tubes, Charge-coupled Device (CCD) coupling, medical instrument display screens, high-definition television imaging and other instruments and equipment needing image transmission in the fields of military affairs, criminal investigation, night vision, aerospace, medical treatment and the like, and is a high-tech top product in the photoelectronic industry of the century.
The optical fiber image transmission element is a hard optical fiber image transmission element which is prepared by matching and combining a high-refractive-index glass rod and a low-refractive-index glass tube, heating and softening the optical fiber image transmission element at high temperature in a heating furnace, then manufacturing optical fiber yarns with unit fiber yarn diameters smaller than 6 mu m through processes of single yarn drawing, primary multi-yarn drawing, secondary multi-yarn drawing and the like, then closely stacking and arranging thousands of optical fibers with unit fiber yarn diameters smaller than 6 mu m, then performing hot melt forming, and then performing torsion forming or drawing forming to obtain the image transmission. Each optical fiber in the optical fiber image transmission element has good optical insulation, so that each optical fiber can independently transmit light and transmit images without being influenced by other adjacent optical fibers. The optical fiber image transmission element is mainly used in the instruments and equipment needing image transmission, such as a cathode ray tube, a camera tube, an image intensifier and the like, so that the requirements on the manufacturing process of products are extremely high, in particular to the drawing process of optical fiber yarns, which is a key process procedure in the preparation process of optical fiber products, and the optical fiber image transmission element heats and softens a matched optical fiber drawing prefabricated rod at high temperature in a drawing furnace, then depends on gravity to droop, clamps the softened and drooped optical fiber yarns by a drawing and pulling device of the optical fiber yarns, and then draws the optical fiber yarns downwards at a constant speed. The difference of optical fiber drawing processes determines the different wire diameter sizes of optical fiber products, the drawing process of optical fiber determines the quality indexes of the optical fiber wire diameter size, the verticality, the surface quality, the twisting degree, the ovality and the like of the optical fiber products, the wire drawing mechanism of the optical fiber wire is a key device and a device in the drawing process of the optical fiber wire, and the stability and the wire drawing precision of the device are directly related to the dimensional stability of the optical fiber wire diameter and the stability of the surface quality of the wire diameter. Especially for preparing the optical fiber filament of the hard optical fiber image transmission element, the processes of single filament drawing, primary multifilament drawing and secondary multifilament drawing are needed. Particularly, the secondary multifilament is formed by arranging and drawing a primary multifilament formed by drawing a mother rod formed by arranging a plurality of single fiber filaments, the surface of the secondary multifilament is a serrated surface formed by combining a plurality of optical fibers after being arranged, after a plurality of times of composite arrangement and drawing, the number of teeth of the serrations on the surface of the optical fibers is multiplied along with the arrangement times, the thickness of the cortex of the secondary multifilament is gradually thinner, the thickness of the surface cortex glass is as thin as 0.2-0.3 mu m, the damage of the cortex of the optical fibers can be caused by slight touch and friction, and the 'light leakage' of the optical fibers is caused, so that the 'spot' or 'grid' defect is generated inside the prepared optical fiber image transmission element, and the production quality and the product qualification rate of the optical fiber image transmission element are greatly reduced.
The mechanical arm wire drawing machine mode is different from the traditional wheel drawing mode and the traditional holding drawing mode, the wheel drawing mode and the holding drawing mode both depend on the extrusion of the surface of rubber to draw and draw optical fibers downwards, but the mechanical arm wire drawing mainly depends on the clamping force of the clamping jaw and the friction force of the material of the clamping jaw to draw the optical fibers. The clamping jaw material of the drawing mechanism of the optical fiber wire is a key material in the drawing process of the optical fiber wire, is directly contacted with the optical fiber wire, and the performance of the clamping jaw material is directly related to the stability of the wire diameter size of the optical fiber wire drawing, the quality of the wire diameter surface and the stability of the surface quality. The automatic wire drawing mode of the mechanical arm is adopted, and the drawing mode is a traction drawing mode which clamps the wire and then directly draws the wire, so that the clamping jaw material on the surface of the wire has to meet five conditions:
firstly, the clamping jaw material needs to be high temperature resistant, the surface temperature of the optical fiber filament can still reach 200-300 ℃ after passing through a wire drawing furnace and a diameter gauge and reaching the clamping jaw of the manipulator, and therefore the clamping jaw material needs to be capable of bearing the high temperature without surface deformation or fusion adhesion with the optical fiber filament;
the materials of the two clamping jaws need to be anti-skid, the materials of the clamping jaws need to be anti-skid after clamping the optical fiber, the hardness of the materials of the clamping jaws cannot be too high, the materials of the clamping jaws can not clamp the optical fiber when in wire drawing, and the hardness of the materials of the clamping jaws cannot be too low, otherwise, the optical fiber and the clamping jaws are adhered;
thirdly, the clamping jaw material needs certain wear resistance to prevent slipping or adhesion in the drawing process of the optical fiber, particles or powder can not fall off from the surface after the optical fiber is drawn and drawn repeatedly, otherwise the surface of the optical fiber is polluted to generate spot defects;
fourthly, the material of the clamping jaw needs to have good rebound resilience, namely the elasticity is good, but if the elasticity is too large, the optical fiber yarn is easy to be adhered to the clamping jaw, and the elasticity is too small, so that the drawing process can slip;
fifthly, the clamping jaw material needs to have an antistatic effect, and impurities or dust particles cannot be adsorbed on the surface of the clamping jaw material so as to prevent the impurities from being adhered to the optical fiber.
The rubber is an elastic and insulating material prepared after processing, is a high-elasticity polymer material, is widely applied to various aspects of industry and life, and can cause the surface of the optical fiber to be damaged and scratched, and the wire diameter precision and the ovality of the optical fiber to be unstable after being used, thereby seriously restricting the performance improvement of the optical fiber image transmission element; the natural rubber has higher elasticity at normal temperature, but has poor high-temperature resistance, easy aging and poor wear resistance, is easy to generate friction particles, has short service life and seriously falls scraps in the using process; the existing polyurethane material in the market has the advantages of abrasion resistance, chemical corrosion resistance and the like, but the heat resistance is poor, and the general use temperature is not more than 80 ℃; although the materials such as nitrile rubber and the like have better wear resistance and heat resistance, the materials are not suitable for the process of drawing and wire drawing due to poor aging resistance, serious abrasion and short service life; the silicon rubber material has excellent rebound performance, but has poor wear resistance, and the surface viscosity of the silicon rubber material is too large, so that dust is easily adsorbed, and the cleaning of the surface of the optical fiber filament and even the adhesion of the optical fiber filament can be influenced in the wire drawing process.
The clamping jaw material of the existing optical fiber filament can not meet the performance requirement of a high-performance optical fiber image transmission element.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the defects in the prior art, the invention provides the ethylene propylene diene monomer rubber material for the clamping jaw of the mechanical arm of the wire drawing machine, which is an organic material with the surface tack removed, and has the characteristics of proper hardness, excellent rebound resilience, good high temperature resistance, large frictional resistance, strong stability, and excellent wear resistance and skid resistance.
In order to achieve the purpose, the technical scheme adopted by the invention for solving the technical problem is to provide an ethylene propylene diene monomer material for a manipulator clamping jaw of a wire drawing machine, which comprises the following components in parts by weight:
the carbon black comprises:
carbon black N77445-55.0 parts
And (3) 10.0 parts of carbon black N9905.0.
The anti-aging agent is at least one selected from 2-dithiol methyl benzothiazole zinc salt, 2,4 dimethyl-1, 2-dihydroquinoline polymer and 9, 9-dimethylacridine;
wherein:
0-2 parts of 2-dithiol methyl benzothiazole zinc salt
0-2 parts of anti-aging agent 2,2, 4-dimethyl-1, 2-dihydroquinoline polymer
0-2 parts of anti-aging agent 9, 9-dimethylacridine.
The invention provides another preferable technical scheme that the ethylene propylene diene monomer material for the manipulator clamping jaw of the wire drawing machine comprises the following components in parts by weight:
the invention provides a further preferable technical scheme, and the hydrogenated nitrile rubber material for the manipulator clamping jaw of the wire drawing machine comprises the following components in parts by weight:
the invention also provides a preparation method of the ethylene propylene diene monomer material for the manipulator clamping jaw of the wire drawing machine, which comprises the following steps:
(1) sequentially adding the ethylene propylene diene monomer rubber, carbon black, modified talcum powder, fabric rubber powder, paraffin oil, epoxidized soybean oil, zinc oxide, an anti-aging agent, stearic acid, petroleum resin and phenolic tackifying resin into an internal mixer or an open mill for plastication and mixing to obtain rubber compound;
(2) and placing the mixed rubber placed for 36-48 hours in an internal mixer or an open mill, sequentially adding triallyl isocyanurate, dibenzoyl peroxide and sulfur, uniformly mixing to obtain vulcanized mixed rubber, standing at room temperature for 12-36 hours, and vulcanizing by a vulcanizing machine to obtain the ethylene propylene diene monomer rubber material.
The vulcanizing temperature is 160-200 ℃, the vulcanizing time is 15-30 min, and the vulcanizing pressure is 16-20 MPa.
The invention also provides an application of the ethylene propylene diene monomer material prepared by the preparation method in a manipulator clamping jaw of an optical fiber automatic wire drawing machine.
According to the invention, through the research and development of Ethylene Propylene Diene Monomer (EPDM) material, the surface viscosity of the material is reduced, the friction resistance and the surface scratch resistance are improved, the influence on the original resilience is small, the process operability is obviously improved, the manufacturing process is simple, reliable and stable, and the material is suitable for the manipulator clamping jaw material of the automatic optical fiber wire drawing machine.
In the invention, the ethylene propylene diene monomer adopts S512F of SK company, the low-Mooney series ethylene propylene diene monomer has better processing fluidity, the rubber gasket has better flexibility, and the ethylene propylene diene monomer with higher ethylene content can achieve better elasticity and tensile strength;
carbon black N774 having effects of improving tensile strength, elasticity and the like of rubber;
the carbon black N990 and the carbon black with large particle size can effectively increase the roughness of the surface of rubber, thereby improving the friction coefficient and ensuring that the rubber and a clamp are not easy to directly slide;
modified talcum powder, talcum powder is a layered hydrous magnesium silicate, the surface of the layered hydrous magnesium silicate contains hydrophilic groups and has higher surface energy, the talcum powder and organic high polymer molecules are greatly different in chemical structure and physical form and lack of affinity, so that the talcum powder and the high polymer are not uniformly mixed and have weak adhesive force, and after the modified talcum powder is modified by a surface modifier, the surface of the talcum powder is adsorbed or combined with the surface of particles in a chemical bond mode, so that the surface of the particles is hydrophilic and hydrophobic, the particles are endowed with new properties, and the compatibility of the particles and the polymer is improved;
the fabric rubber powder FD-6 contains 30 percent of rubber powder of polyester fiber, and a mixture of rubber and the polyester fiber, and can increase the friction force of the rubber surface to a greater extent;
the paraffin oil 2280 can ensure that the rubber formula can reach lower hardness, is favorable for forming larger friction force, contains paraffin base which has the best compatibility with ethylene propylene diene monomer rubber and is favorable for processing and dispersion;
epoxidized soybean oil and industrial epoxidized soybean oil can further promote the compatibility of paraffin oil and rubber, so that the processing technology of the rubber is easier, and more uniform and stable rubber products can be obtained;
zinc oxide, ZnO, an active agent for chemical reactions;
an anti-aging agent 2-dithiol methyl benzothiazole zinc salt/ZMTI, which is a heterocyclic anti-aging agent for preventing rubber from aging;
antioxidant 2,2,4 dimethyl-1, 2-dihydroquinoline polymer/RD, amine antioxidant for preventing rubber aging;
an anti-aging agent 9, 9-dimethylacridine/BLE, an amine anti-aging agent for preventing rubber aging;
stearic acid Sa, chemical reaction activator;
the petroleum resin C9 provides self-adhesion for rubber after being processed and vulcanized into products, and increases the friction coefficient for the rubber gasket;
the phenolic tackifying resin 203 provides self-adhesiveness for rubber after processing and vulcanization into products, and increases the friction coefficient for the rubber gasket;
triallyl isocyanurate/TAIC, a vulcanization crosslinking coagent;
dibenzoyl peroxide/BPO, vulcanizing agent makes the rubber have crosslinking reaction and have elasticity;
sulfur S, vulcanizing agent to make rubber produce cross-linking reaction and possess elasticity;
the Ethylene Propylene Diene Monomer (EPDM) material is a temperature-resistant material with excellent performance, has wide temperature-resistant range, can normally work within the temperature range of-20-200 ℃, and has outstanding environmental compatibility; traditional rubber materials mainly increase the friction performance of the materials by increasing the granularity of the raw materials, but can sacrifice the resilience of the materials, and influence the wear resistance of the materials to a certain extent, so that the single rubber materials hardly meet the requirements of production processes, cannot ensure the stability of production work, and therefore need to have better elasticity, reduce harmful substances in the materials and reduce the harm to the environment.
Compared with the prior art, the manipulator clamping jaw material for the full-automatic nondestructive vertical optical fiber wire drawing machine has the beneficial effects that:
(1) can resist the high temperature of more than 200 ℃ without softening and deforming and is not adhered with the optical fiber;
(2) the Shore hardness is 68-72 HA, the rebound resilience is excellent, and the fiber is not adhered to the fiber in the drawing process;
(3) excellent wear resistance, large friction resistance, 0.32 friction coefficient and less than 0.03cm abrasion volume3;
(4) The rebound resilience is good, the tensile strength is more than 10.0MPa, the tearing strength is more than 5.0KN.m, and the elongation at break is more than 60%;
(5) the invention realizes that the optical fiber is more stable in the wire drawing process by contacting the optical fiber with the mechanical clamping jaw material without damage to draw and draw stably at a constant speed, avoids the phenomena of wire twisting and slipping in the wire drawing process, reduces the surface contact and the cortex abrasion of the optical fiber in the drawing process, improves the surface quality of the optical fiber drawing and the stability of the wire diameter size of the optical fiber, and can draw and manufacture the optical fiber without damage and pollution, the wire diameter size precision of the drawn optical fiber can be controlled within +/-3 mu m, and the change difference of the ellipticity can be controlled within +/-2 mu m.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention are clearly and completely described below, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are a part of the embodiments of the present invention, but not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
The parameters and the method for measuring the ethylene propylene diene monomer material used for the mechanical arm clamping jaw of the automatic optical fiber drawing machine are as follows:
(1) heat resistance, GB/T2941-;
(2) shore hardness, GB/T531-2008 "test method for indentation hardness of rubber pocket durometer";
(3) coefficient of friction, HG/T2729-1995 determination of coefficient of friction between vulcanized rubber and a sheet;
(4) the abrasion volume, GB/T1689-1998 determination of the abrasion resistance of vulcanized rubber;
(5) determination of tensile strength, tear strength, GB/T528-2009 tensile stress strain Properties of vulcanized rubber or thermoplastic rubber;
TABLE 1 parts by weight of the examples and their Properties
As can be seen from table 1:
(1) the heat resistance of the embodiment of the invention is 204 ℃ at least, which shows that the fiber can resist the high temperature of more than 200 ℃ without softening deformation and adhesion with the optical fiber;
(2) the Shore hardness is 68-72 HA, the rebound resilience is excellent, and the fiber is not adhered to the fiber in the drawing process;
(3) excellent wear resistance, large friction resistance, 0.32 friction coefficient and less than 0.03cm abrasion volume3;
(4) The lowest tensile strength is 12.2MPa, the lowest tearing strength is 5.6KN.m, the lowest elongation at break is 61%, and the elastic resilience is good.
Example 1
A preparation method of an ethylene propylene diene monomer material for a manipulator clamping jaw of a wire drawing machine comprises the following steps:
(1) putting 100kg of ethylene propylene diene monomer rubber, 52kg of carbon black N774, 5kg of carbon black N990, 15kg of modified talcum powder, 20kg of fabric rubber powder FD-6, 48kg of paraffin oil 2280, 5kg of epoxidized soybean oil, 6kg of zinc oxide ZnO, 1kg of antioxidant 2,2,4 dimethyl-1, 2-dihydroquinoline polymer/RD, 1kg of antioxidant 9, 9-dimethylacridine/BLE, 1kg of stearic acid, 3kg of petroleum resin and 4kg of phenolic tackifying resin into an internal mixer or an open mill for plastifying and mixing to obtain rubber compound;
(2) placing the mixed rubber which is placed for 36-48 hours in an internal mixer or an open mill, sequentially adding 2kg of triallyl isocyanurate, 3.7kg of dibenzoyl peroxide and 0.1kg of sulfur, uniformly mixing to obtain the vulcanized mixed rubber, standing for 24 hours at room temperature, and vulcanizing by a vulcanizing machine, wherein the vulcanizing temperature is 180 ℃, the vulcanizing time is 20min, and the vulcanizing pressure is 18MPa to obtain the ethylene propylene diene monomer rubber material.
Example 2
The raw materials were dosed according to the compositions of the components given in table 1; the preparation is identical to example 1, except that: and adding the vulcanized rubber compound, standing for 12 hours at room temperature, wherein the vulcanization temperature is 160 ℃, the vulcanization time is 30min, and the vulcanization pressure is 16 MPa.
Example 3
The raw materials were dosed according to the compositions of the components given in table 1; the preparation is identical to example 1, except that: and adding the vulcanized rubber compound, standing for 30 hours at room temperature, wherein the vulcanization temperature is 200 ℃, the vulcanization time is 15min, and the vulcanization pressure is 20 MPa.
Example 4
The raw materials were dosed according to the compositions of the components given in table 1; the preparation is identical to example 1, except that: and adding the vulcanized rubber compound, standing at room temperature for 26 hours, wherein the vulcanization temperature is 170 ℃, the vulcanization time is 18min, and the vulcanization pressure is 17 MPa.
Example 5
The raw materials were dosed according to the compositions of the components given in table 1; the preparation is identical to example 1, except that: and adding the vulcanized rubber compound, standing for 20 hours at room temperature, wherein the vulcanization temperature is 200 ℃, the vulcanization time is 25min, and the vulcanization pressure is 19 MPa.
The invention contacts with the optical fiber wire in a non-destructive contact clamping mode of a mechanical clamping jaw material, and then performs constant-speed traction drawing, so that the drawing process of the optical fiber wire is more stable, the phenomena of wire twisting and slipping in the drawing process are avoided, the surface contact and the cortex damage of the optical fiber wire in the drawing process are reduced, and the surface quality of the optical fiber wire drawing and the stability of the wire diameter size of the optical fiber wire are improved.
The above-described embodiment is only one of the preferred embodiments of the present invention, and general changes and substitutions by those skilled in the art within the technical scope of the present invention are included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (8)
2. the ethylene propylene diene monomer material for a wire drawing machine manipulator jaw according to claim 1, wherein the carbon black comprises:
carbon black N77445-55.0 parts
And (3) 10.0 parts of carbon black N9905.0.
3. The ethylene propylene diene monomer material for a wire drawing machine manipulator clamping jaw according to claim 1, wherein the anti-aging agent is at least one selected from 2-dithiol methyl benzothiazole zinc salt, 2,4 dimethyl-1, 2-dihydroquinoline polymer and 9, 9-dimethylacridine;
wherein:
0-2 parts of 2-dithiol methyl benzothiazole zinc salt
0-2 parts of 2,2, 4-dimethyl-1, 2-dihydroquinoline polymer
0-2 parts of 9, 9-dimethylacridine.
6. the preparation method of the ethylene propylene diene monomer material for the mechanical arm clamping jaw of the wire drawing machine as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 5 is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) sequentially adding the ethylene propylene diene monomer rubber, carbon black, modified talcum powder, fabric rubber powder, paraffin oil, epoxidized soybean oil, zinc oxide, an anti-aging agent, stearic acid, petroleum resin and phenolic tackifying resin into an internal mixer or an open mill for plastication and mixing to obtain rubber compound;
(2) and placing the mixed rubber placed for 36-48 hours in an internal mixer or an open mill, sequentially adding triallyl isocyanurate, dibenzoyl peroxide and sulfur, uniformly mixing to obtain vulcanized mixed rubber, standing at room temperature for 12-36 hours, and vulcanizing by a vulcanizing machine to obtain the ethylene propylene diene monomer rubber material.
7. The preparation method according to claim 6, wherein the vulcanization temperature is 160-200 ℃, the vulcanization time is 15-30 min, and the vulcanization pressure is 16-20 MPa.
8. Use of the ethylene propylene diene monomer material prepared by the preparation method according to claim 6 or 7 in a mechanical arm clamping jaw of an automatic optical fiber drawing machine.
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