CN113830232B - Ocean profile detection buoy driven by temperature difference energy and working method thereof - Google Patents
Ocean profile detection buoy driven by temperature difference energy and working method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN113830232B CN113830232B CN202111238311.8A CN202111238311A CN113830232B CN 113830232 B CN113830232 B CN 113830232B CN 202111238311 A CN202111238311 A CN 202111238311A CN 113830232 B CN113830232 B CN 113830232B
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
- B63B—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; EQUIPMENT FOR SHIPPING
- B63B22/00—Buoys
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
- B63B—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; EQUIPMENT FOR SHIPPING
- B63B22/00—Buoys
- B63B22/18—Buoys having means to control attitude or position, e.g. reaction surfaces or tether
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
- B63B—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; EQUIPMENT FOR SHIPPING
- B63B22/00—Buoys
- B63B22/18—Buoys having means to control attitude or position, e.g. reaction surfaces or tether
- B63B22/20—Ballast means
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F03G—SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS; MECHANICAL-POWER PRODUCING DEVICES OR MECHANISMS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR OR USING ENERGY SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F03G7/00—Mechanical-power-producing mechanisms, not otherwise provided for or using energy sources not otherwise provided for
- F03G7/04—Mechanical-power-producing mechanisms, not otherwise provided for or using energy sources not otherwise provided for using pressure differences or thermal differences occurring in nature
- F03G7/05—Ocean thermal energy conversion, i.e. OTEC
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
- B63B—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; EQUIPMENT FOR SHIPPING
- B63B22/00—Buoys
- B63B2022/006—Buoys specially adapted for measuring or watch purposes
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/30—Energy from the sea, e.g. using wave energy or salinity gradient
Abstract
The invention relates to a temperature difference energy driven ocean profile detection buoy and a working method thereof, belonging to the technical field of ocean detection, and comprising a heat exchange tube and a shell, wherein a phase-change material is filled in the heat exchange tube and is connected with an energy conversion box through a pipeline, the phase-change material is also used in energy conversion, and a heat exchange leather bag is arranged in the energy conversion box; the energy accumulator is connected with the energy conversion box through a one-way valve A, the energy accumulator is also connected with an electromagnetic directional valve A and an electromagnetic directional valve B respectively, the electromagnetic directional valve A is connected with a hydraulic motor, the electromagnetic directional valve B is connected with a hydraulic cylinder B, and is connected with the hydraulic cylinder A through a throttling port and an electromagnetic directional valve C, the hydraulic cylinder B is connected with the hydraulic cylinder A, and a one-way valve B and a gear pump are arranged on a pipeline of the hydraulic cylinder B, and the gear pump is connected with a stepping motor; the hydraulic cylinder A is connected with the heat exchange leather bag through a one-way valve C. The invention is driven by temperature difference power generation, and can realize accurate control of buoyancy, thereby completing ocean exploration under different conditions.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a temperature difference energy driven ocean profile detection buoy and a working method thereof, in particular to an ocean detection buoy integrating temperature difference energy phase change heat storage power generation and capable of realizing fixed depth detection, and belongs to the technical field of ocean detection.
Background
The ocean exploration buoy is important equipment for ocean resource exploration and development in various countries, realizes profile movement of up-and-down circulation in seawater by adjusting buoyancy, and continuously monitors ocean parameters in the movement process.
At present, most of the buoys which are put into use adopt lithium batteries for energy supply, and in order to prolong the service life of the buoys, various organizations aim at various energy sources contained in seawater. The surface layer seawater and the deep layer seawater store abundant heat energy in the form of temperature difference, and the movement form of the buoy is just to and fro between the surface layer seawater and the deep layer seawater, so that the novel buoy powered by the temperature difference energy becomes the key point of research of people. The novel buoy utilizes the temperature difference between the surface seawater and the deep seawater and the working characteristics of the up-and-down section motion of the buoy to complete the phase change of the heat transfer working medium, and the working medium changes in volume to convert the temperature difference energy of the seawater into hydraulic energy and generate electricity to provide energy for the device.
With the increase of the demand of ocean exploration, the simple up-and-down movement process can not meet the exploration demand, an ocean exploration buoy which is driven by temperature difference energy and can realize depth-fixed suspension control is urgently needed, and meanwhile, the heat exchange structure of the existing temperature difference energy power generation scheme for supplying power to ocean instruments is complex and low in efficiency, and the ocean exploration buoy is also improved.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects of the prior art, the invention provides a temperature difference energy driven ocean profile detection buoy and a working method thereof, wherein the temperature difference energy driven ocean profile detection buoy is driven by temperature difference power generation, and can realize accurate control of buoyancy so as to complete ocean detection under different conditions.
The invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a temperature difference energy driven ocean section detection buoy comprises a heat exchange tube and a shell, wherein the shell is composed of a shell body and buoyancy materials at two ends, and an energy conversion box, an energy accumulator, an electromagnetic reversing valve A, an electromagnetic reversing valve B, an electromagnetic reversing valve C, a hydraulic motor, a generator, a gear pump, a hydraulic cylinder A and a hydraulic cylinder B are arranged in the shell body;
the heat exchange tube is internally filled with a phase-change material and is connected with the energy conversion box through a pipeline, the energy conversion box is of a cylindrical structure, the phase-change material is also arranged in the energy conversion box, a heat exchange leather bag is arranged in the energy conversion box and is an important structure for converting hydraulic energy by temperature difference energy, and hydraulic oil is arranged in the heat exchange leather bag and is not in contact with the phase-change material;
the energy accumulator is connected with the energy conversion box through a one-way valve A to store converted hydraulic energy, the one-way valve A can prevent oil from flowing reversely when the energy accumulator releases energy, the energy accumulator is also connected with an electromagnetic directional valve A and an electromagnetic directional valve B respectively to control a power generation loop and a buoyancy control loop respectively, the electromagnetic directional valve A is connected with a hydraulic motor, the hydraulic motor is also connected with a generator and an energy storage module to jointly form a power generation loop, the electromagnetic directional valve B is connected with a hydraulic cylinder B and is connected with the hydraulic cylinder A through a throttling port and an electromagnetic directional valve C, the hydraulic cylinder B is connected with the hydraulic cylinder A, the pipeline of the hydraulic cylinder B is provided with the one-way valve B and a gear pump, and the gear pump is connected with a stepping motor; the hydraulic cylinder A is connected with the heat exchange leather bag through a one-way valve C to form an oil return path; the energy accumulator, the hydraulic cylinder B and the hydraulic cylinder A are respectively connected with a pressure gauge A, a pressure gauge B and a pressure gauge C which are respectively used for measuring the pressure of the energy accumulator, the pressure gauge B and the pressure gauge C;
the hydraulic cylinder B is connected with an outer leather bag, the outer leather bag is positioned in the buoyancy material at the bottom, the buoyancy material at the bottom is provided with an opening, and the outer leather bag is exposed in seawater through the opening.
The whole device is divided into three parts, namely a heat exchange part, a power generation part and a buoyancy adjusting part, wherein the heat exchange part consists of a heat exchange pipe, an energy conversion box, a heat exchange leather bag and an energy accumulator; the power generation part consists of an energy accumulator, an electromagnetic reversing valve, a hydraulic motor, a generator, a rectification circuit and a storage battery; the buoyancy adjusting part consists of an electromagnetic reversing valve, a hydraulic cylinder A, a hydraulic cylinder B, an outer leather bag, a gear pump and a stepping motor.
Preferably, the casing is cylindrical, and the buoyancy material is half ellipsoid structure, the quantity of heat exchange tube is a plurality of, and a plurality of heat exchange tubes distribute along the length direction of casing, and evenly distributed is around the casing, and a plurality of heat exchange tubes encircle around the casing promptly, and a plurality of heat exchange tubes all are connected with the energy conversion case through the pipeline, are chamber B between energy conversion case and the heat transfer leather bag, and the chamber A and the chamber B of heat exchange tube communicate with each other.
Preferably, both ends of the shell are fixedly provided with a mounting bracket, and the heat exchange tube is fixed between the two mounting brackets.
The heat exchange tubes are composed of a plurality of heat exchange tubes surrounding the shell, the number of the heat exchange tubes is increased, the outer surfaces of the heat exchange tubes are contacted with seawater at the same time, the contact area with the seawater is greatly increased, the time required by phase change is shortened, and compared with the traditional structure, the invention does not need to integrate a leather bag in the tubes, thereby greatly reducing the manufacturing cost and the manufacturing difficulty.
The buoyancy material has the advantages of small density and large volume, can supplement the buoyancy of the device, consists of two semi-ellipsoidal shapes which are respectively positioned at the top and the bottom of the shell, and the common buoy shapes comprise a spherical shape, a water drop shape, a conical shape and the like.
Preferably, the phase change material is n-hexadecane with the phase change temperature of 18.2 ℃, the phase change temperature is between surface seawater and deep seawater, the phase change can be completed along with the profile movement of the device in seawater, and the expansion rate of the phase change is about 9%.
Preferably, the hydraulic cylinder A is internally provided with a stay wire displacement sensor, and the hydraulic cylinder B is internally provided with a magnetostrictive displacement sensor.
The stay wire displacement sensor is positioned outside the bottom surface of the hydraulic cylinder A, the tail end of the stay wire is connected with the piston, the piston moves, the stay wire sensor monitors the length of the stay wire to judge the position of the piston, and a protective cover is arranged outside the stay wire displacement sensor for protection;
pneumatic cylinder A includes chamber E and chamber F, sets up the piston between chamber E and the chamber F, and pneumatic cylinder B includes chamber C and chamber D, sets up the piston between chamber C and the chamber D, and pneumatic cylinder B's chamber C is connected with pneumatic cylinder A's chamber E, and chamber D is connected with the outer skin bag.
Preferably, the magnetostrictive displacement sensor is arranged in the hydraulic cylinder B, the magnetic ring of the magnetostrictive displacement sensor is positioned in the middle of the piston and used for detecting the movement of the piston, spring seats are arranged on the lower portions of the pistons of the hydraulic cylinder A and the hydraulic cylinder B, springs are arranged between the piston of the hydraulic cylinder A and the spring seats and between the hydraulic cylinder B and the spring seats, and certain auxiliary power can be provided when the piston is reset.
Preferably, the hydraulic motor and the generator can convert hydraulic energy into mechanical energy and then into electric energy for the whole device to use, the generator is a three-phase permanent magnet alternating current synchronous generator, three-phase electricity is generated by the driving of the hydraulic motor, and the three-phase electricity is converted into two-phase electricity by the three-phase rectification circuit and is stored in the energy storage module;
the electromagnetic directional valve A, the electromagnetic directional valve B and the electromagnetic directional valve C are two-position two-way electromagnetic directional valves.
The invention adopts three two-position two-way electromagnetic directional valves to realize the control of the whole hydraulic circuit, the functional circuits are not interfered with each other, and hydraulic elements such as valve bodies and the like are respectively integrated in two hydraulic valve blocks, namely, the one-way valve A, the one-way valve C, the electromagnetic directional valve A and the electromagnetic directional valve B are integrated in one hydraulic valve block, the one-way valve B, the electromagnetic directional valve C and a throttling port are integrated in the other hydraulic valve block, the module layout in the device is regulated, the debugging and the installation of each part are convenient, the two-position two-way electromagnetic directional valve adopts a plug-in type directional valve with smaller volume, and the function is realized in a limited space.
The working method of the ocean profile detection buoy driven by the temperature difference energy comprises the following steps:
when the buoy is put into seawater, the energy accumulator is in a full-energy state at the moment, the buoy firstly carries out submergence movement, the electromagnetic directional valve A and the electromagnetic directional valve B are in a normally closed state, the electromagnetic directional valve C is opened, the outer skin bag exposed in the seawater bears the seawater pressure due to the seawater pressure, hydraulic oil in the outer skin bag enters a cavity E of the hydraulic cylinder A through the throttling port and the electromagnetic directional valve C, meanwhile, the pull wire displacement sensor in the cavity F of the hydraulic cylinder A monitors the movement of the piston in real time to monitor the oil quantity of a system, the oil in the outer skin bag is reduced, the volume is reduced, the buoyancy of the device is reduced, submergence is started, phase change materials in the heat exchange tube are in a liquid state at normal temperature and the submergence depth is increased, the temperature of seawater is gradually reduced, the phase change material is subjected to phase change, the volume is reduced in the process of converting liquid state into solid state, the pressure of the phase change material in the energy conversion box on a heat exchange leather bag is reduced, the position of the heat exchange leather bag is low pressure, oil in a hydraulic cylinder A flows to the heat exchange leather bag through a one-way valve C, meanwhile, a spring in the hydraulic cylinder A provides auxiliary power for piston resetting, the marine environment is monitored through marine detection equipment when a buoy moves, and the marine detection equipment can be a thermohaline depth measuring instrument, a hydrophone, a sublimation Doppler profiler, a current meter, a chlorophyll fluorescence machine, an optical backscatter meter and the like and is usually arranged at two ends of the buoy;
when the buoy submerges to a preset depth, the electromagnetic directional valve A and the electromagnetic directional valve C are closed, the electromagnetic directional valve B is opened, the energy accumulator releases energy, oil in the energy accumulator passes through the cavity C of the electromagnetic directional valve B, the piston of the hydraulic cylinder B moves downwards, the oil in the cavity D of the hydraulic cylinder B enters the outer skin bag, the volume of the outer skin bag is increased, the buoyancy of the device is increased, the device starts to float upwards, a loop where the energy accumulator is located is in a low-pressure state after the energy accumulator releases energy, the oil is supplemented to the loop from the hydraulic cylinder A through the one-way valve C, the seawater temperature is gradually heated in the floating process, the phase change material in the heat exchange pipe is subjected to phase change again, the phase change material is converted into a liquid state from a solid state, the volume is increased, the phase change material in the energy conversion box cavity B extrudes the heat exchange skin bag, the heat exchange skin bag is connected with the energy accumulator through the one-way valve A, the oil charges the energy accumulator through a pipeline, the energy accumulator A, the energy accumulator is monitored in real time, the device A, the ocean environment can be continuously detected in the process that the buoy floats to a preset position, and a cycle is completed.
Preferably, when the buoy submerges to a preset depth, the electromagnetic directional valve B and the electromagnetic directional valve C are closed, the electromagnetic directional valve A is opened, the energy accumulator releases energy, oil drives the hydraulic motor to rotate through the electromagnetic directional valve A, the generator connected with the hydraulic motor through the coupler starts to generate electricity, and then the electricity is rectified through the rectifying circuit and stored in the energy storage module, such as a storage battery, to supply power to the buoy.
Preferably, ocean detection equipment needs to hover and detect a certain ocean plane when detecting the task to the ocean, when the device is in the dive state and needs to accomplish the detection task of hovering, closes solenoid directional valve C, makes gear pump work through step motor, and the fluid in the cavity E of hydraulic cylinder A is extracted to hydraulic cylinder B's cavity C through check valve B to the gear pump to increase the volume of skin bag, and then increase device buoyancy, realize buoyancy balance, stop motion:
when the device is in a floating state and needs to finish a hovering detection task, the electromagnetic directional valve A and the electromagnetic directional valve B are closed, the electromagnetic directional valve C is opened, oil in the outer skin bag slowly flows into a cavity E of the hydraulic cylinder A through the throttling port and the electromagnetic directional valve C under the action of seawater pressure, buoyancy of the device is reduced, buoyancy balance is achieved, and movement is stopped. The oil quantity in the outer skin bag is increased and decreased through the work of the electromagnetic directional valve C and the gear pump in the process of realizing the dynamic buoyancy balance, so that the buoyancy of the device is adjusted, and the motion state of the device is changed.
The invention can judge the motion state of the buoy by a depth sensor in the buoy, capture buoy motion information, reduce the volume of the outer skin bag by opening and closing an electromagnetic directional valve C so as to reduce the buoyancy of the device, supplement oil into a hydraulic cylinder B by a gear pump so as to increase the volume of the outer skin bag, thereby increasing the buoyancy of the device, and realize hovering of the device at any height in seawater through real-time control so as to finish more detection tasks.
It should be noted that the regulation and control process of the present invention also requires the participation of a control system, which is not the key point of the present invention, and the prior art is adopted, and is not described herein again.
The invention is not described in detail, and the prior art can be adopted.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
1) The structure of the invention is integrated in the shell except the heat exchange tube and the outer skin bag, and is not contacted with seawater, and the section movement of the device is realized by adjusting the size of the outer skin bag and further adjusting the buoyancy of the device.
2) The heat exchange tubes are composed of a plurality of heat exchange tubes surrounding the shell, the number of the heat exchange tubes is increased, the outer surfaces of the heat exchange tubes are contacted with seawater at the same time, the contact area with the seawater is greatly increased, and the time required by phase change is shortened.
3) The invention can realize up-and-down movement and also realize depth-fixed suspension detection below the sea level.
4) The appearance structure of the buoy of the invention ensures that the buoy is more stable and reliable.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a hydraulic system of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of the overall structure of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional elevation view of the energy exchange box of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic structural view of a hydraulic cylinder A according to the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic structural view of a hydraulic cylinder B according to the present invention;
in the figure, 1-heat exchange tube, 2-cavity A, 3-cavity B, 4-heat exchange leather bag, 5-energy conversion box, 6-one-way valve A, 7-energy accumulator, 8-pressure gauge A, 9-electromagnetic reversing valve A, 10-electromagnetic reversing valve B, 11-hydraulic motor, 12-generator, 13-choke, 14-electromagnetic reversing valve C, 15-one-way valve B, 16-gear pump, 17-stepping motor, 18-hydraulic cylinder B, 19-cavity C, 20-piston of hydraulic cylinder B, 21-cavity D, 22-spring B, 23-outer leather bag, 24-magnetostrictive displacement sensor, 25-hydraulic cylinder A, 26-cavity E, 27-piston of hydraulic cylinder A, 28-cavity F, 29-spring A, 30-bracing wire displacement sensor, 31-one-way valve C, 32-pressure gauge B, 33-energy storage module, 34-cavity C, 35-shell and 36-buoyancy material.
Detailed Description
In order to make the technical problems, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the following detailed description is given with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific examples, but the present invention is not limited thereto, and the present invention is not described in detail and is generally performed by the techniques in the art.
Example 1:
a temperature difference energy driven ocean section detection buoy is shown in figures 1-5 and comprises a heat exchange tube 1 and a shell, wherein the shell consists of a shell 35 and buoyancy materials 36 at two ends, and an energy conversion box 5, an energy accumulator 7, an electromagnetic directional valve A9, an electromagnetic directional valve B10, an electromagnetic directional valve C14, a hydraulic motor 11, a generator 12, a gear pump 16, a hydraulic cylinder A25 and a hydraulic cylinder B18 are arranged in the shell 35;
the heat exchange tube 1 is filled with phase change materials and is connected with the energy conversion box 5 through a pipeline, the energy conversion box 5 is of a cylindrical structure, the phase change materials are also arranged in the energy conversion box 5, a heat exchange leather bag 4 is arranged in the energy conversion box 5 and is an important structure for converting hydraulic energy by temperature difference energy, and hydraulic oil is arranged in the heat exchange leather bag 4 and is not in contact with the phase change materials;
the energy accumulator 7 is connected with the energy conversion box 5 through a one-way valve A6 to store converted hydraulic energy, the one-way valve A6 can prevent oil from flowing reversely when the energy accumulator releases energy, the energy accumulator 7 is also connected with an electromagnetic directional valve A9 and an electromagnetic directional valve B10 respectively to control a power generation loop and a buoyancy control loop respectively, the electromagnetic directional valve A9 is connected with a hydraulic motor 11, the hydraulic motor 11 is also connected with a generator 12 and an energy storage module 33 to form a power generation loop together, the electromagnetic directional valve B10 is connected with a hydraulic cylinder B18 and is connected with a hydraulic cylinder A25 through a throttling port 13 and an electromagnetic directional valve C14, the hydraulic cylinder B18 is connected with the hydraulic cylinder A25, a one-way valve B15 and a gear pump 16 are arranged on pipelines of the hydraulic cylinder B18, and the gear pump 16 is connected with a stepping motor 17; the hydraulic cylinder A25 is connected with the heat exchange leather bag 4 through a one-way valve C31 to form an oil return path; the energy accumulator 7, the hydraulic cylinder B18 and the hydraulic cylinder A25 are respectively connected with a pressure gauge A8, a pressure gauge B32 and a pressure gauge C34 which are respectively used for measuring the pressure of the energy accumulator, the pressure gauge B and the pressure gauge A;
the hydraulic cylinder B18 is connected with an outer bladder 23, the outer bladder 23 is located in the bottom buoyancy material, the bottom buoyancy material is provided with openings, and the outer bladder 23 is exposed to the seawater through the openings.
The whole device is divided into three parts, namely a heat exchange part, a power generation part and a buoyancy adjusting part, wherein the heat exchange part consists of a heat exchange pipe, an energy conversion box, a heat exchange leather bag and an energy accumulator; the power generation part consists of an energy accumulator, an electromagnetic reversing valve, a hydraulic motor, a generator, a rectification circuit and a storage battery; the buoyancy adjusting part consists of an electromagnetic reversing valve, a hydraulic cylinder A, a hydraulic cylinder B, an outer leather bag, a gear pump and a stepping motor.
Example 2:
the utility model provides a buoy is surveyed to ocean section of difference in temperature energy driven, as embodiment 1, the difference is, as shown in fig. 2, casing 35 is cylindrical, and buoyancy material 36 is half ellipsoid structure, and the quantity of heat exchange tube 1 is a plurality of, and a plurality of heat exchange tube distribute along the length direction of casing, and evenly distributed around casing 35, and a plurality of heat exchange tube encircle the casing, and a plurality of heat exchange tube all are connected with energy conversion case 5 through the pipeline, as shown in fig. 1, be chamber B3 between energy conversion case 5 and the heat transfer leather bag, and the chamber A2 and the chamber B3 of heat exchange tube communicate with each other, all fill phase change material in it.
Both ends of the shell 35 are fixedly provided with a mounting bracket, and the heat exchange tube is fixed between the two mounting brackets.
The heat exchange tubes are composed of a plurality of heat exchange tubes surrounding the shell, the number of the heat exchange tubes is increased, the outer surfaces of the heat exchange tubes are contacted with seawater at the same time, the contact area with the seawater is greatly increased, the time required by phase change is shortened, and compared with the traditional structure, the invention does not need to integrate a leather bag in the tubes, thereby greatly reducing the manufacturing cost and the manufacturing difficulty.
The buoyancy material has the advantages of small density and large volume, can supplement the buoyancy of the device, is composed of two semi-ellipsoidal shapes which are respectively positioned at the top and the bottom of the shell, and the common buoy has a spherical shape, a water drop shape, a conical shape and the like.
Example 3:
a temperature difference energy driven ocean section detection buoy as described in embodiment 1, except that the phase change material is hexadecane with a phase change temperature of 18.2 ℃, the phase change temperature is between surface seawater and deep seawater, the phase change can be completed along with the section movement of the device in seawater, and the expansion rate of the phase change is about 9%.
Example 4:
the invention relates to a temperature difference energy driven ocean profile detection buoy, which is characterized in that a hydraulic cylinder A25 is internally provided with a stay wire displacement sensor 30, and a hydraulic cylinder B18 is internally provided with a magnetostrictive displacement sensor 24, wherein two hydraulic cylinders are adopted as an oil storage device in a hydraulic loop, the stay wire displacement sensor in the hydraulic cylinder A and the magnetostrictive displacement sensor in the hydraulic cylinder B, so that the oil quantity in the hydraulic cylinders can be monitored in real time, and the precise control of buoyancy is guaranteed.
The stay wire displacement sensor 30 is positioned outside the bottom surface of the hydraulic cylinder A, the tail end of the stay wire is connected with the piston 27 of the hydraulic cylinder A, the piston moves, the stay wire displacement sensor 30 monitors the length of the stay wire to judge the position of the piston, and a protective cover is arranged outside the stay wire displacement sensor for protection;
the hydraulic cylinder A25 comprises a cavity E26 and a cavity F28, a piston 27 of the hydraulic cylinder A is arranged between the cavity E26 and the cavity F28, the hydraulic cylinder B18 comprises a cavity C19 and a cavity D21, a piston 20 of the hydraulic cylinder B is arranged between the cavity C and the cavity D, the cavity C of the hydraulic cylinder B is connected with the cavity E of the hydraulic cylinder A, and the cavity D21 is connected with the outer skin bag 23.
The magnetostrictive displacement sensor is positioned in the hydraulic cylinder B, a magnetic ring of the magnetostrictive displacement sensor is positioned in the middle of the piston and is used for detecting the movement of the piston, spring seats are arranged on the lower portions of the pistons of the hydraulic cylinder A and the hydraulic cylinder B, a spring A29 is arranged between the piston of the hydraulic cylinder A and the spring seat, and a spring B22 is arranged between the hydraulic cylinder B and the spring seat, so that certain auxiliary power can be provided when the piston is reset.
Example 5:
a temperature difference energy driven ocean section detection buoy, as described in embodiment 1, is different in that a hydraulic motor 11 and a generator 12 can convert hydraulic energy into mechanical energy and then into electric energy for the whole device to use, the generator 12 is a three-phase permanent magnet alternating current synchronous generator, three-phase electricity is generated by the driving of the hydraulic motor, the three-phase electricity is converted into two-phase electricity by a three-phase rectification circuit and is stored in an energy storage module;
the electromagnetic directional valve A9, the electromagnetic directional valve B10 and the electromagnetic directional valve C14 are two-position two-way electromagnetic directional valves.
The invention adopts three two-position two-way electromagnetic directional valves to realize the control of the whole hydraulic circuit, the functional circuits are not interfered with each other, and hydraulic elements such as valve bodies and the like are respectively integrated in two hydraulic valve blocks, namely, the one-way valve A, the one-way valve C, the electromagnetic directional valve A and the electromagnetic directional valve B are integrated in one hydraulic valve block, the one-way valve B, the electromagnetic directional valve C and a throttling port are integrated in the other hydraulic valve block, the module layout in the device is regulated, the debugging and the installation of each part are convenient, the two-position two-way electromagnetic directional valve adopts a plug-in type directional valve with smaller volume, and the function is realized in a limited space.
Example 6:
a working method of a temperature difference energy driven ocean section detection buoy comprises the following steps:
when the buoy is put into seawater, the energy accumulator 7 is in a full energy state at the moment, submergence is carried out firstly, the electromagnetic directional valve A9 and the electromagnetic directional valve B10 are in a normally closed state, the electromagnetic directional valve C14 is opened, the outer skin bag 23 exposed in the seawater bears the seawater pressure under the action of the seawater pressure, hydraulic oil in the outer skin bag 23 enters the cavity E26 of the hydraulic cylinder A through the throttling port 13 and the electromagnetic directional valve C14, meanwhile, the stay wire displacement sensor 30 in the cavity F28 of the hydraulic cylinder A monitors the piston movement in real time to monitor the system oil quantity, the oil in the outer skin bag 23 is reduced, the volume is reduced, the buoyancy of the device is reduced, submergence is started, the phase change material in the heat exchange tube 1 is in a liquid state at normal temperature and increases along with the submergence depth, the temperature of seawater is gradually reduced, the phase change material is subjected to phase change, the volume is reduced in the process of converting liquid state into solid state, the pressure of the phase change material in the energy conversion box 5 on the heat exchange leather bag 4 is reduced, the position of the heat exchange leather bag is low pressure, oil in the hydraulic cylinder A flows to the heat exchange leather bag through a one-way valve C31, meanwhile, a spring in the hydraulic cylinder A provides auxiliary power for piston resetting, the marine environment is monitored through marine detection equipment when the buoy moves, and the marine detection equipment can be a thermohaline depth measuring instrument, a hydrophone, a learning-raising Doppler profiler, a current meter, a chlorophyll fluorescence machine, an optical backscattering meter and the like and is usually arranged at two ends of the buoy;
when the buoy submerges to a preset depth, the electromagnetic directional valve A9 and the electromagnetic directional valve C14 are closed, the electromagnetic directional valve B10 is opened, the energy accumulator releases energy, oil in the energy accumulator 7 passes through the cavity C19 of the electromagnetic directional valve B, the piston of the hydraulic cylinder B moves downwards, the oil in the cavity D21 of the hydraulic cylinder B is pressed into the outer skin bag, the volume of the outer skin bag 23 is increased, the buoyancy of the device is increased, the buoy begins to float upwards, after the energy is released by the energy accumulator, a loop where the energy accumulator is located is in a low-pressure state, the oil is supplemented to the loop from the hydraulic cylinder A through the one-way valve C, the seawater temperature gradually becomes warm in the floating upwards process, the phase change material in the heat exchange pipe is changed into liquid again, the volume is increased, the phase change material in the energy conversion box cavity B3 extrudes the heat exchange skin bag 4, the heat exchange skin bag 4 is connected with the energy accumulator 7 through the one-way valve A6, the oil charges the energy accumulator through a pipeline, the pressure gauge A8 monitors the pressure in the energy accumulator 7 in real time, the floating process of the device can continuously detect the ocean environment continuously, the buoy floats to a preset position, and a cycle is completed.
Example 7:
the working method of the ocean section detection buoy driven by the temperature difference energy is as described in embodiment 6, and is different in that when the buoy submerges to a preset depth, the electromagnetic directional valve B10 and the electromagnetic directional valve C14 are closed, the electromagnetic directional valve A9 is opened, the energy accumulator 7 releases energy, oil drives the hydraulic motor 11 to rotate through the electromagnetic directional valve A9, the generator 12 connected with the hydraulic motor 11 through a coupler starts to generate electricity, and then the oil is rectified through the rectifying circuit and stored in the energy storage module 33, such as a storage battery, to supply power to the buoy.
Example 8:
a working method of a temperature difference energy driven ocean profile detection buoy, as described in embodiment 6, except that an ocean detection device needs to hover to detect a certain ocean plane when detecting an ocean, when the device is in a submergence state and needs to complete the hovering detection task, the electromagnetic directional valve C14 is closed, the step motor 17 is used to operate the gear pump 16, the gear pump 16 pumps oil in the cavity E26 of the hydraulic cylinder a into the cavity C19 of the hydraulic cylinder B through the check valve B15 to increase the volume of the outer skin bag 23, further increase the buoyancy of the device, realize buoyancy balance, and stop movement:
when the device is in a floating state and needs to finish a hovering detection task, the electromagnetic directional valve A9 and the electromagnetic directional valve B10 are closed, the electromagnetic directional valve C14 is opened, oil liquid in the outer skin bag 23 slowly flows into a cavity E26 of the hydraulic cylinder A from the throttling port 13 and the electromagnetic directional valve C14 under the action of seawater pressure, buoyancy of the device is reduced, buoyancy balance is achieved, and movement is stopped. The oil quantity in the outer skin bag is increased and decreased through the work of the electromagnetic directional valve C and the gear pump in the process of realizing the dynamic buoyancy balance, so that the buoyancy of the device is adjusted, and the motion state of the device is changed.
The displacement sensors of the hydraulic cylinder A and the hydraulic cylinder B can monitor the displacement of the piston in real time, the oil quantity of the oil cylinder is known to judge the size of the outer leather bag, the gear pump and the stepping motor can accurately control the oil quantity in the outer leather bag, and the buoyancy of the device can be adjusted in real time.
While the foregoing is directed to the preferred embodiment of the present invention, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that various changes and modifications may be made therein without departing from the principles of the invention as set forth in the appended claims.
Claims (6)
1. The ocean profile detection buoy is characterized by comprising a heat exchange tube and a shell, wherein the shell consists of a shell body and buoyancy materials at two ends, and an energy conversion box, an energy accumulator, an electromagnetic reversing valve A, an electromagnetic reversing valve B, an electromagnetic reversing valve C, a hydraulic motor, a generator, a gear pump, a hydraulic cylinder A and a hydraulic cylinder B are arranged in the shell body;
the heat exchange tube is internally filled with a phase-change material and is connected with the energy conversion box through a pipeline, the energy conversion box is of a cylindrical structure, the phase-change material is also arranged in the energy conversion box, a heat exchange leather bag is arranged in the energy conversion box, hydraulic oil is arranged in the heat exchange leather bag, and the hydraulic oil is not in contact with the phase-change material;
the energy accumulator is connected with the energy conversion box through a one-way valve A, the energy accumulator is also connected with an electromagnetic directional valve A and an electromagnetic directional valve B respectively, the electromagnetic directional valve A is connected with a hydraulic motor, the hydraulic motor is also connected with a generator and an energy storage module, the electromagnetic directional valve B is connected with a hydraulic cylinder B, and is also connected with the hydraulic cylinder A through a throttling port and an electromagnetic directional valve C, the hydraulic cylinder B is connected with the hydraulic cylinder A, the pipeline of the hydraulic cylinder B is provided with the one-way valve B and a gear pump, and the gear pump is connected with a stepping motor; the hydraulic cylinder A is connected with the heat exchange leather bag through a one-way valve C; the energy accumulator, the hydraulic cylinder B and the hydraulic cylinder A are respectively connected with a pressure gauge A, a pressure gauge B and a pressure gauge C, and are respectively used for measuring the pressure of the energy accumulator, the pressure gauge B and the pressure gauge C;
the hydraulic cylinder B is connected with an outer skin bag which is positioned in the buoyancy material at the bottom, the buoyancy material at the bottom is provided with an opening, and the outer skin bag is exposed in seawater through the opening;
the shell is cylindrical, the buoyancy material is of a semi-ellipsoidal structure, the number of the heat exchange tubes is multiple, the heat exchange tubes are distributed along the length direction of the shell and are uniformly distributed around the shell, namely the heat exchange tubes surround the shell, the inner surface and the outer surface of each heat exchange tube are simultaneously contacted with seawater, and the heat exchange tubes are all connected with the energy conversion box through pipelines;
the buoyancy material is composed of two semi-ellipsoidal shapes which are respectively positioned at the top and the bottom of the shell, and the streamline shape is obtained through fluid simulation calculation, so that the influence of seawater resistance on the device in the movement process is reduced;
the two ends of the shell are both fixedly provided with a mounting bracket, and the heat exchange tube is fixed between the two mounting brackets;
the working method of the ocean profile detection buoy driven by the temperature difference energy comprises the following steps:
when the buoy is placed in seawater, the energy accumulator is in a full energy state at the moment, submerging is carried out firstly, the electromagnetic reversing valve A and the electromagnetic reversing valve B are in a normally closed state, the electromagnetic reversing valve C is opened, a skin bag exposed in the seawater bears the seawater pressure due to the seawater pressure, hydraulic oil in the skin bag enters a cavity E of the hydraulic cylinder A through a throttling port and the electromagnetic reversing valve C, meanwhile, a stay wire displacement sensor in a cavity F of the hydraulic cylinder A monitors the piston movement in real time to monitor the system oil quantity, the oil in the skin bag is reduced, the volume is reduced, the buoyancy of the device is reduced, submerging is started, the phase change material in the heat exchange tube is in a liquid state at normal temperature, the volume is reduced in the process of converting the liquid state into the solid state along with the increase of submerging depth, the seawater temperature is gradually reduced, the phase change material in the energy conversion box reduces the pressure of the heat exchange skin bag, the oil in the hydraulic cylinder A flows to the heat exchange skin bag through the one-way valve C, meanwhile, a spring in the hydraulic cylinder A provides auxiliary power for piston resetting, and the ocean environment is monitored through ocean phase change equipment when the buoy moves;
when the buoy submerges to a preset depth, the electromagnetic directional valve A and the electromagnetic directional valve C are closed, the electromagnetic directional valve B is opened, the energy accumulator releases energy, oil in the energy accumulator passes through the cavity C of the electromagnetic directional valve B, the piston of the hydraulic cylinder B moves downwards, the oil in the cavity D of the hydraulic cylinder B enters the outer leather bag, the volume of the outer leather bag is increased, the buoyancy of the device is increased, the device starts to float upwards, the seawater temperature gradually warms in the floating-up process, the phase-change material in the heat exchange tube is subjected to phase change again, the solid state is converted into the liquid state, the volume is increased, the phase-change material in the energy conversion box cavity B extrudes the heat exchange leather bag, the heat exchange leather bag is connected with the energy accumulator through the one-way valve A, the oil charges the energy accumulator through a pipeline, the pressure in the energy accumulator is monitored by the oil A in real time, and the buoy floats to a preset position, so that a cycle is completed;
when the buoy submerges to a preset depth, the electromagnetic directional valve B and the electromagnetic directional valve C are closed, the electromagnetic directional valve A is opened, the energy accumulator releases energy, oil drives the hydraulic motor to rotate through the electromagnetic directional valve A, the generator connected with the hydraulic motor through the coupler starts to generate electricity, and the electricity is rectified through the rectifying circuit and stored in the energy storage module to supply power to the buoy.
2. The temperature difference energy driven ocean profile detection buoy of claim 1, wherein the phase change material is n-hexadecane with a phase change temperature of 18.2 ℃.
3. The temperature difference energy driven ocean profile detection buoy of claim 1, wherein a stay wire displacement sensor is arranged in the hydraulic cylinder A, and a magnetostrictive displacement sensor is arranged in the hydraulic cylinder B;
pneumatic cylinder A includes chamber E and chamber F, sets up the piston between chamber E and the chamber F, and pneumatic cylinder B includes chamber C and chamber D, sets up the piston between chamber C and the chamber D, and pneumatic cylinder B's chamber C is connected with pneumatic cylinder A's chamber E, and chamber D is connected with the crust bag.
4. The ocean profile detection buoy of claim 1, wherein spring seats are arranged at the lower parts of the pistons of the hydraulic cylinder A and the hydraulic cylinder B, and springs are arranged between the piston of the hydraulic cylinder A and the spring seat and between the hydraulic cylinder B and the spring seat.
5. The thermally differential powered ocean profiling buoy of claim 1, wherein the generator is a three-phase permanent magnet ac synchronous generator;
the electromagnetic directional valve A, the electromagnetic directional valve B and the electromagnetic directional valve C are two-position two-way electromagnetic directional valves.
6. The ocean profile detection buoy driven by temperature difference energy as claimed in claim 1, wherein when an ocean detection device detects an ocean, a certain ocean plane needs to be detected by hovering, when the device is in a submergence state and needs to complete the hovering detection task, the electromagnetic directional valve C is closed, the gear pump is enabled to work through the stepping motor, the gear pump pumps oil in the cavity E of the hydraulic cylinder A into the cavity C of the hydraulic cylinder B through the check valve B, so that the volume of the outer skin bag is increased, the buoyancy of the device is further increased, the buoyancy balance is realized, and the movement is stopped:
when the device is in a floating state and needs to finish a hovering detection task, the electromagnetic directional valve A and the electromagnetic directional valve B are closed, the electromagnetic directional valve C is opened, oil in the outer skin bag slowly flows into a cavity E of the hydraulic cylinder A through the throttling port and the electromagnetic directional valve C under the action of seawater pressure, buoyancy of the device is reduced, buoyancy balance is achieved, and movement is stopped.
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| CN115027615B (en) * | 2022-06-09 | 2023-04-21 | 山东科技大学 | Long duration self-energy-supply ocean buoy |
| CN117284422A (en) * | 2023-11-24 | 2023-12-26 | 山东大学 | Temperature difference energy ocean profile detection buoy with energy recovery function and application thereof |
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