CN113830046B - Efficient braking system based on heavy-duty truck and working method thereof - Google Patents
Efficient braking system based on heavy-duty truck and working method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN113830046B CN113830046B CN202111267721.5A CN202111267721A CN113830046B CN 113830046 B CN113830046 B CN 113830046B CN 202111267721 A CN202111267721 A CN 202111267721A CN 113830046 B CN113830046 B CN 113830046B
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60T—VEHICLE BRAKE CONTROL SYSTEMS OR PARTS THEREOF; BRAKE CONTROL SYSTEMS OR PARTS THEREOF, IN GENERAL; ARRANGEMENT OF BRAKING ELEMENTS ON VEHICLES IN GENERAL; PORTABLE DEVICES FOR PREVENTING UNWANTED MOVEMENT OF VEHICLES; VEHICLE MODIFICATIONS TO FACILITATE COOLING OF BRAKES
- B60T13/00—Transmitting braking action from initiating means to ultimate brake actuator with power assistance or drive; Brake systems incorporating such transmitting means, e.g. air-pressure brake systems
- B60T13/10—Transmitting braking action from initiating means to ultimate brake actuator with power assistance or drive; Brake systems incorporating such transmitting means, e.g. air-pressure brake systems with fluid assistance, drive, or release
- B60T13/24—Transmitting braking action from initiating means to ultimate brake actuator with power assistance or drive; Brake systems incorporating such transmitting means, e.g. air-pressure brake systems with fluid assistance, drive, or release the fluid being gaseous
- B60T13/26—Compressed-air systems
- B60T13/36—Compressed-air systems direct, i.e. brakes applied directly by compressed air
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60T—VEHICLE BRAKE CONTROL SYSTEMS OR PARTS THEREOF; BRAKE CONTROL SYSTEMS OR PARTS THEREOF, IN GENERAL; ARRANGEMENT OF BRAKING ELEMENTS ON VEHICLES IN GENERAL; PORTABLE DEVICES FOR PREVENTING UNWANTED MOVEMENT OF VEHICLES; VEHICLE MODIFICATIONS TO FACILITATE COOLING OF BRAKES
- B60T17/00—Component parts, details, or accessories of power brake systems not covered by groups B60T8/00, B60T13/00 or B60T15/00, or presenting other characteristic features
- B60T17/18—Safety devices; Monitoring
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Abstract
The invention relates to a high-efficiency braking system based on a heavy-duty truck and a working method thereof, and the high-efficiency braking system comprises a shell, a working diaphragm positioned in the shell, and a push rod driven by the working diaphragm and extending out of an opening of the shell, wherein an emergency braking diaphragm used for driving the push rod to extend out of the opening of the shell is arranged on one side of the working diaphragm, which is far away from the push rod, a working cavity used for driving the working diaphragm is arranged between the emergency braking diaphragm and the working diaphragm, and an emergency braking cavity used for driving the emergency braking diaphragm is arranged between the emergency braking diaphragm and the shell; the inner part of the shell is provided with a locking mechanism, a spring is arranged between the driving end of the locking mechanism and the working diaphragm, and when the spring pushes the driving end of the locking mechanism to move along the extending direction of the push rod, the locking mechanism fixes the push rod. The invention has reasonable design, locks the push rod by designing the locking structure, is convenient to maintain the push rod at a certain position and greatly improves the effect of stable braking.
Description
The technical field is as follows:
the invention belongs to the technical field of automobile braking, and particularly relates to a high-efficiency braking system based on a heavy truck and a working method thereof.
The background art comprises the following steps:
when a heavy-duty truck is driven, a serious accident often occurs due to the braking problem, and the accident often occurs because the braking suddenly fails. The pneumatic brake system is the most commonly adopted brake system of heavy fuel automobiles, along with the improvement of the requirement on the brake performance, the brake system also needs to reduce the working strength of a driver as much as possible, most of the control devices of the current pneumatic brake comprise pneumatic control elements such as a brake pedal mechanism, a brake valve and the like, the heavy automobiles or the automobiles which often run in mountainous areas need to be braked in time due to unknown dangers, and efficient emergency brake systems are needed.
The invention content is as follows:
the invention aims to solve the problems in the prior art, namely, the invention provides a high-efficiency braking system based on a heavy truck and a working method thereof.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the technical scheme that: a high-efficiency braking system based on a heavy-duty truck comprises a shell, a working diaphragm and a push rod, wherein the working diaphragm is positioned in the shell, the push rod is driven by the working diaphragm and extends out of an opening of the shell, an emergency braking diaphragm used for driving the push rod to extend out of the opening of the shell is arranged on one side, away from the push rod, of the working diaphragm, a working cavity used for driving the working diaphragm is arranged between the emergency braking diaphragm and the working diaphragm, and an emergency braking cavity used for driving the emergency braking diaphragm is arranged between the emergency braking diaphragm and the shell; the inner part of the shell is provided with a locking mechanism, a spring is arranged between the driving end of the locking mechanism and the working diaphragm, and when the spring pushes the driving end of the locking mechanism to move along the extending direction of the push rod, the locking mechanism fixes the push rod.
Furthermore, locking mechanism includes elastic piston and the clamping component who sets gradually along the direction of stretching out of push rod, elastic piston is locking mechanism's drive end, and elastic piston's one end is connected with the spring, the other end and casing fixed connection, the spring promotes elastic piston and stretches out and draws back along the axial of push rod, clamping component is promoted by spring piston and stretches out and draws back along the radial direction of push rod to the tight push rod of clamp.
Furthermore, the clamping assembly comprises a conical ring sleeved on the outer side of the push rod, the large-diameter end of an inner hole of the conical ring faces the elastic piston, and a plurality of locking balls are arranged between the inner wall of the conical ring and the outer wall of the push rod in an annular mode; the elastic piston is annular and covers the outside of establishing at the bell ring, and the inside of elastic piston has set firmly elastic extrusion ring, when the spring promoted elastic piston towards clamping component compression, elastic extrusion ring butt is on the conical surface of bell ring hole and promotes the locking ball and sticiss the push rod, realizes the locking.
Furthermore, a locking cavity is arranged between the elastic piston and the shell, and the conical ring, the locking ball and the elastic extrusion ring are all positioned in the locking cavity; be equipped with on the casing in order to do benefit to the locking gas injection hole towards locking chamber input compressed gas, the compressed gas in the locking intracavity promotes elastic piston and warp towards the direction of keeping away from the casing open-ended to unclamp the locking ball.
Furthermore, the inner side of the elastic extrusion ring is provided with an annular gasket which is used for being in contact with the locking ball, the section of the annular gasket is arc-shaped, and the arc opening faces the locking ball.
The emergency brake device comprises a working chamber, an emergency brake chamber and a gas supply device, wherein the working chamber is communicated with the emergency brake chamber; the emergency air reservoir is respectively communicated with the emergency braking cavity and the locking cavity.
Furthermore, the on-off between the working air cylinder and the working cavity is controlled by a working brake valve, and the working brake valve is driven by a brake pedal to act; the emergency air reservoir and the emergency brake chamber are controlled to be switched on and off through an emergency brake control valve; and the on-off state is controlled between the emergency air cylinder and the locking cavity and through a parking brake control valve and an emergency brake control valve.
Further, the emergency brake control valve is driven to act by an emergency brake key; the parking brake valve is driven to act by a parking brake key.
Furthermore, the gas supply device also comprises a main gas cylinder, the main gas cylinder is respectively connected with the working gas cylinder and the emergency gas cylinder, and one-way valves are respectively arranged between the main gas cylinder and the working gas cylinder and between the main gas cylinder and the emergency gas cylinder.
The invention adopts another technical scheme that: a working method of a high-efficiency braking system based on a heavy truck comprises the following steps:
(1) normal braking: the brake pedal is stepped down, the working brake valve is opened, compressed gas enters the working cavity from the working gas cylinder, the compressed gas in the working cavity drives the working diaphragm to bend, the working diaphragm pushes the push rod to extend out of the opening of the shell, so that the heavy-duty truck performs working braking, the emergency brake diaphragm is kept still, the spring is compressed at the moment, the spring pushes the elastic piston to deform along the extending direction of the push rod, the elastic piston drives the elastic extrusion ring to abut against the conical surface of the inner hole of the conical ring, and the locking ball is pushed to move along the radial direction to press the push rod tightly, so that the locking of the push rod is realized; the brake pedal is released, the working brake valve is closed, compressed gas in the working cavity is discharged, the push rod returns to the original position under the action of the spring, the compressed gas in the emergency gas cylinder enters the locking cavity, the compressed gas in the locking cavity pushes the elastic piston to deform towards the direction far away from the opening of the shell, and the elastic extrusion ring is separated from the locking ball under the driving of the elastic piston so as to release the locking ball and release the locking of the push rod;
(2) parking and braking: after normal braking, pulling out the parking brake key, closing the parking brake control valve, wherein compressed gas in the emergency gas cylinder cannot enter the locking cavity, and the locking ball keeps pressing the push rod under the action of the spring to prevent the push rod from returning so as to realize safe parking of the heavy-duty truck;
(3) emergency braking: the emergency brake button is pressed, the emergency brake control valve is opened, compressed gas in the emergency gas cylinder enters the emergency brake cavity, the compressed gas in the emergency brake cavity drives the emergency brake diaphragm to bend, and the emergency brake diaphragm pushes the push rod to extend out of the opening of the shell through the working diaphragm, so that the heavy-duty truck performs working brake; at the moment, the spring is compressed, the spring pushes the elastic piston to deform along the extension direction of the push rod, the elastic piston drives the elastic extrusion ring to abut against the conical surface of the inner hole of the conical ring and pushes the locking ball to move along the radial direction to tightly press the push rod, and the locking of the push rod is realized;
(4) driving: when a parking brake button is pressed, compressed gas in the emergency gas cylinder enters the locking cavity again, the compression force of the compressed gas in the locking cavity counteracts partial elastic force applied to the elastic piston by the spring, and the extrusion force applied to the locking ball is reduced; then the emergency brake key is pulled out, and the emergency brake control valve is closed, so that the emergency air reservoir does not convey compressed air to the emergency brake cavity any more; and finally, compressed gas in the locking cavity pushes the elastic piston to deform towards the direction away from the opening of the shell, and the elastic extrusion ring is separated from the locking ball under the driving of the elastic piston so as to loosen the locking ball and release the locking of the push rod.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following effects: the brake device is reasonable in design, and the locking structure is designed to lock the push rod, so that the stable brake effect is greatly improved.
Description of the drawings:
FIG. 1 is a schematic construction of an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a top plan view of a diaphragm brake chamber in an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view of the step A-A of FIG. 2;
FIG. 4 is a schematic front view of a locking mechanism in an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic sectional view taken along line B-B in FIG. 4;
FIG. 6 is a schematic view of the configuration of the locking ball in cooperation with the push rod in an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a schematic perspective view of a tapered ring according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 8 is a schematic view of the configuration of the tapered ring and locking ball in an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 9 is a schematic view of the flow of compressed gas during emergency braking in an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 10 is a schematic view showing the internal structure of an emergency brake button according to the embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 11 is a schematic configuration diagram of a gas supply device in an embodiment of the present invention.
In the figure:
1-a shell; 2-working membrane; 3-a push rod; 4-a spring; 5-diaphragm brake chamber; 6-emergency brake diaphragm; 7-a working chamber; 8-emergency braking chamber; 9-a locking mechanism; 10-a resilient piston; 11-a conical ring; 12-a locking ball; 13-an elastic compression ring; 14-an annular gasket; 15-a locking cavity; 16-locking the gas injection hole; 17-working air cylinder; 18-an emergency gas cartridge; 19-an operating brake valve; 20-emergency brake control valve; 21-a parking brake control valve; 22-a primary gas cartridge; 23-a one-way valve; 24-emergency brake key; 25-parking brake key; 26-a first valve seat; 27-a first gas channel; 28-blocking valve plate; 29-a first control shaft; 30-a second gas channel; 31-a third gas channel; 32-a first conduit; 33-a second line; 34-a third line; 35-a fourth line; 36-an air intake section; 37-an air outlet section; 38-a communicating section; 39-a sealing gasket; 40-communicating tube; 41-air inlet; 42-a return spring; 43-a second control shaft; 44-air outlet.
The specific implementation mode is as follows:
the present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.
In the description of the present invention, it is to be understood that the terms "longitudinal", "lateral", "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", and the like, indicate orientations or positional relationships based on those shown in the drawings, are merely for convenience of description of the present invention, and do not indicate or imply that the referenced devices or elements must have a particular orientation, be constructed and operated in a particular orientation, and thus, are not to be construed as limiting the present invention.
The first embodiment is as follows: as shown in fig. 1 to 11, the high-efficiency braking system based on the heavy-duty truck comprises a shell 1, a working diaphragm 2 located inside the shell 1, and a push rod 3 driven by the working diaphragm 2 and extending out of an opening of the shell 1, wherein a spring 4 sleeved outside the push rod 3 is arranged inside the shell 1, and the shell, the working diaphragm, the push rod and the spring form a diaphragm type braking air chamber 5; an emergency brake diaphragm 6 used for driving the push rod 3 to extend out of an opening of the shell 1 is arranged on one side, away from the push rod 3, of the working diaphragm 2, a working cavity 7 used for driving the working diaphragm 2 to bend is arranged between the emergency brake diaphragm 6 and the working diaphragm 2, an emergency brake cavity 8 used for driving the emergency brake diaphragm 6 to bend is arranged between the emergency brake diaphragm 6 and the shell 1, and the emergency brake cavity 8 is independent of the working cavity 7 and is respectively arranged on two sides of the push rod 3; the inner part of the shell 1 is provided with a locking mechanism 9, a spring 4 is arranged between the driving end of the locking mechanism 9 and the working diaphragm 2, and when the spring pushes the driving end of the locking mechanism to move along the extending direction of the push rod, the locking mechanism fixes the push rod. The push rod is locked by designing a locking structure so as to keep the braking effect and greatly improve the stable braking effect.
In this embodiment, the locking mechanism 9 includes an elastic piston 10 and a clamping assembly, which are sequentially arranged along the extending direction of the push rod 3 and are sleeved outside the push rod 3, one end of the elastic piston 10 is abutted against the spring 4, and the other end of the elastic piston is fixedly connected with the housing 1, the spring 4 pushes the elastic piston 10 to stretch along the axial direction of the push rod 3 after being pressed, and the elastic piston 10 utilizes the self-stretching as the driving end of the locking mechanism 9; the clamping assembly is pushed by the spring piston 10 to stretch along the radial direction of the push rod 3 so as to clamp the push rod 3 in the radial direction and lock the push rod.
In this embodiment, the clamping assembly includes a conical ring 11 sleeved outside the push rod 3, a large diameter end of an inner hole of the conical ring 11 faces the elastic piston 10, and a plurality of locking balls 12 are annularly arranged between an inner wall of the conical ring 13 and an outer wall of the push rod 3; elastic piston 10 is the annular form and covers the outside of establishing at conical ring 11, and elastic piston 10's inside is equipped with ring groove, the ring groove inside callipers is equipped with elasticity extrusion ring 13, when spring 4 promoted elastic piston 10 towards clamping components compression, elasticity extrusion ring 13 butt is on the conical surface of conical ring 11 hole and extrudees locking ball 12, and elasticity extrusion ring 13 utilizes the extrusion to promote locking ball 12 along the radial movement of push rod 3, and then sticiss the outer wall of push rod, realizes the locking through producing frictional force.
In this embodiment, the inner side of the elastic pressing ring 13 is provided with an annular gasket 14 for contacting with the locking ball 12, the section of the annular gasket 14 is arc-shaped, the arc opening faces the locking ball, and the annular gasket 14 wraps the locking ball 12.
In this embodiment, the number of the locking balls is 15, and the locking balls are drum-shaped with a large middle and small ends.
In this embodiment, a locking cavity 15 is provided between the elastic piston 10 and the housing 1, and the conical ring 11, the locking ball 12, the annular gasket 14 and the elastic pressing ring 13 are all located in the locking cavity 15; the shell 1 is provided with a locking gas injection hole 16 which is beneficial to inputting compressed gas to the locking cavity 15, and the compressed gas in the locking cavity 15 pushes the elastic piston 10 to deform in the direction away from the opening of the shell 1. During operation, compressed gas in the locking cavity 15 pushes the elastic piston 10 to deform towards the direction away from the opening of the shell, the elastic extrusion ring 13 is driven by the elastic piston 10 to separate from the locking ball 12, so that the locking ball is loosened, the extrusion force applied to the locking ball is reduced, and the locking of the push rod is released.
In this embodiment, in order to improve the sealing effect on the locking cavity, a sealing ring is arranged on the elastic extrusion ring.
When the locking mechanism works: the push rod 3 is driven by the working diaphragm 2 or the emergency brake diaphragm 6 and extends out of the opening of the shell 1, the push rod 3 compresses the spring 4 by utilizing a tray at the end part of the push rod 3 when moving, the spring 4 pushes the elastic piston 10 to deform along the extending direction of the push rod 3, the elastic piston 10 drives the elastic extrusion ring 13 to abut against the conical surface of the inner hole of the conical ring 11 and pushes the locking ball 12 to move along the radial direction to press the push rod 3, and the locking of the push rod is realized. When the locking is required to be released, compressed gas is stopped to be conveyed into the working cavity 7 or the emergency braking cavity, the compressed gas is exhausted, the spring 4 pushes the push rod 3 to return to the original position under the action of the elastic force of the spring 4, the compressed gas is input into the locking cavity 15, the compressed gas in the locking cavity 15 pushes the elastic piston 10 to deform towards the direction away from the opening of the shell 1, the elastic extrusion ring 13 is separated from the locking ball 12 under the driving of the elastic piston 10, the locking ball is released, and the locking of the push rod is released.
In this embodiment, the braking system further comprises a gas supply device for supplying compressed gas to the working chamber 7 and the emergency braking chamber 8, the gas supply device comprises a working gas cylinder 17 and an emergency gas cylinder 18 which are independent, the working gas cylinder 17 is communicated with the working chamber 7 through a working pipeline, the working pipeline is controlled to be switched on and off through a working braking valve 19 to supply the compressed gas to the working chamber, and the compressed gas in the working chamber 7 drives the working diaphragm 2 to bend; the emergency air cylinder 18 is respectively communicated with the emergency brake chamber 8 and the locking chamber 15, the on-off between the emergency air cylinder 18 and the emergency brake chamber 8 is controlled by an emergency brake control valve 20, and the on-off between the emergency air cylinder 18 and the locking chamber 15 and the on-off between the parking brake control valve 21 and the emergency brake control valve 20 are controlled to respectively convey compressed air to the emergency brake chamber and the locking chamber. Namely: the compressed gas of the emergency gas cylinder is provided with two circulation channels, one is used for bending the emergency brake diaphragm to further push the push rod to realize braking, and the other channel is used for releasing the locking mechanism.
In this embodiment, the service brake valve 19 is opened or closed by a brake pedal for the sake of control convenience.
In the embodiment, the gas supply device further comprises a main gas cylinder 22, the main gas cylinder 22 is respectively connected with the working gas cylinder 17 and the emergency gas cylinder 18 so as to simultaneously and respectively convey compressed gas to the working gas cylinder 17 and the emergency gas cylinder 18, and one-way valves 23 are respectively arranged between the main gas cylinder 22 and the working gas cylinder 17 and between the main gas cylinder 22 and the emergency gas cylinder 18; the working air cylinder 17 and the emergency air cylinder 18 are isolated from each other by two one-way valves 23, air pressure is uniformly provided by the main air cylinder, safety and reliability are realized, and problems can be found during ordinary working braking and timely pressure compensation can be realized. It should be noted that the one-way valve is arranged between the working air cylinder and the emergency air cylinder to ensure that the working air cylinder and the emergency air cylinder do not interfere with each other in different scenes, and because the design only has one main air cylinder to provide compressed air, and then the compressed air is divided into the working air cylinder and the emergency air cylinder, the compressed air is convenient to add and maintain equipment. When the air pressure is insufficient, the two air storage cylinders can be simultaneously pressurized, so that the condition that the air pressure of the emergency air storage cylinder is insufficient in emergency is avoided.
In this embodiment, the working diaphragm 2 and the emergency brake diaphragm 6 are fixed to the housing 1 by clips. It should be noted that the structure fixed by the clamp is the same as the structure of the existing diaphragm type brake chamber, and the description is not repeated here.
It should be noted that, one end of the push rod extending out of the housing is connected with the brake adjusting arm of the brake through the connecting fork, and this part of the structure is the prior art, and will not be described herein repeatedly.
It should be noted that the working diaphragm is arranged between the emergency brake diaphragm and the push rod, so that the emergency diaphragm can drive the working diaphragm to bend simultaneously when bending, and further acts on the push rod by virtue of the working diaphragm, so as to drive the push rod to extend out of the opening of the shell.
The second embodiment: the present embodiment is different from the first embodiment in that: the emergency brake control valve 20 is actuated by an emergency brake button 24, and the parking brake valve 21 is actuated by a parking brake button 25, to improve the convenience of operation, as shown in fig. 9.
In this embodiment, the parking brake control valve 21 includes a first valve seat 26, a first gas channel 27 is disposed inside the first valve seat 26, one end of the first gas channel 27 is communicated with the emergency gas cartridge 18 through a first pipeline 32, a blocking valve plate 28 for controlling on/off is disposed in the middle of the first gas channel 27, the blocking valve plate 28 is made of rubber, the blocking valve plate 28 is driven by a first control shaft 29 to move, the moving direction of the blocking valve plate 28 is perpendicular to the flowing direction of the first gas channel 27, one end of the first control shaft 29 is connected to the parking brake key 25, and when the parking brake key 25 is pressed, the blocking valve plate 28 opens the first gas channel 27; when the parking brake button 25 is pulled out, the blocking valve plate 28 closes the first air passage 27.
In this embodiment, the emergency brake control valve 20 is provided therein with a second gas passage 30 and a third gas passage 31 which are independent of each other, the second gas passage 30 is normally open, one end of the second gas passage 30 is communicated with the other end of the first gas passage 27, and the other end of the second gas passage 30 is communicated with the lock-up gas injection hole 16 through a second pipeline 33; one end of the third gas passage 31 communicates with the emergency gas cartridge 18 through a third line 34, and the other end communicates with the emergency brake chamber 8 through a fourth line 35.
Preferably, as shown in fig. 10, the third gas channel 31 includes an air inlet section 36 and an air outlet section 37, a communicating section 38 is disposed between the air inlet section 36 and the air outlet section 37, the communicating section 38 is in a stepped hole shape, a small diameter end of the communicating section 38 faces the air outlet section 37, a sealing gasket 39 is disposed on an inner wall of the small diameter end of the communicating section 38, the air outlet section 37 is connected with the small diameter end of the communicating section 38 through a communicating pipe 40, a port of the communicating pipe 40 near one end of the communicating section 38 is a closed structure, the communicating pipe 40 is in sliding fit with the sealing gasket 39, an air inlet 41 is disposed on a side wall of the communicating pipe 40 near one end of the communicating section 38, an air outlet 44 is disposed on a side wall of the communicating pipe 40, and the air inlet 41 is sealed by the sealing gasket 39. A return spring 42 is abutted between the large-diameter end of the communicating section 38 and the end face of the communicating pipe 40, and the return spring is installed in the large-diameter end of the communicating section through a spring support; a second control shaft 43 horizontally penetrates through the air outlet section 37, the second control shaft 43 and the return spring 42 are respectively arranged on two sides of the communicating pipe 40, one end of the second control shaft 43 is connected with the emergency brake button 24, and the other end of the second control shaft 43 is used for abutting against the end face of the communicating pipe 40. When in work: when the emergency brake button 24 is pressed, the emergency brake button 24 pushes the communicating pipe 40 to slide along the sealing gasket 39 through the second control shaft 43, so that the air inlet 41 on the communicating pipe 40 is located in the large-diameter end of the communicating section 38, the air inlet section 36 is communicated with the communicating section 38 at this time, and the communicating section 38 is communicated with the air outlet section 37 through the air outlet 41 and the communicating pipe 40, so as to open the third air passage 31; at this time, the return spring 42 is compressed by the communication pipe 40, when the emergency brake button 24 is pulled out, the second control shaft 43 is separated from the communication pipe 40, the return spring 42 pushes the communication pipe 40 to return by means of elasticity, and at this time, the air inlet 41 is blocked by the sealing gasket 39 again, so that the third air passage 31 is closed.
The working method of the brake system comprises the following steps:
(1) normal braking: the brake pedal is stepped on, the working brake valve 19 is opened, compressed gas enters the working cavity 7 from the working gas cylinder 17, the compressed gas in the working cavity 7 drives the working diaphragm 2 to bend, the working diaphragm 2 pushes the push rod 3 to extend out of the opening of the shell 1 by bending, so that the heavy-duty truck performs working braking, the emergency brake diaphragm 6 is kept still, the spring 4 is compressed at the moment, the spring 4 pushes the elastic piston 10 to deform along the extending direction of the push rod 3, the elastic piston 10 drives the elastic extrusion ring 13 to abut against the conical surface of the inner hole of the conical ring 11, and the locking ball 12 is pushed to move along the radial direction to press the push rod 3, and the locking of the push rod is realized; when the brake pedal is released, the working brake valve 19 is closed, the compressed gas in the working cavity 7 is exhausted, the push rod 3 returns to the original position under the action of the spring 4, the compressed gas in the emergency gas cylinder 18 enters the locking cavity 15, the compressed gas in the locking cavity 15 pushes the elastic piston 10 to deform in the direction away from the opening of the shell 1, and the elastic extrusion ring 13 is separated from the locking ball 12 under the driving of the elastic piston 10 to release the locking ball and release the locking of the push rod;
(2) parking and braking: after normal braking, the parking brake button 25 is pulled out, the parking brake control valve 21 is closed, at the moment, compressed gas in the emergency gas cylinder 18 cannot enter the locking cavity 15, and the locking ball 12 keeps pressing the push rod 3 under the action of the spring 4 so as to prevent the push rod from returning, thereby realizing safe parking of the heavy-duty truck;
(3) emergency braking: when an emergency brake button 24 is pressed, an emergency brake control valve 20 is opened, compressed gas in an emergency gas cylinder 18 enters an emergency brake cavity 8, the compressed gas in the emergency brake cavity 8 drives an emergency brake diaphragm 6 to bend, and the emergency brake diaphragm 6 pushes a push rod 3 to extend out of an opening of a shell 1 through a working diaphragm 2, so that the heavy-duty truck performs working braking; at the moment, the spring 4 is compressed, the spring 4 pushes the elastic piston 10 to deform along the extending direction of the push rod 3, the elastic piston 10 drives the elastic extrusion ring 13 to abut against the conical surface of the inner hole of the conical ring 11, and the locking ball 12 is pushed to move along the radial direction to press the push rod 3, so that the push rod is locked;
(4) driving: when the parking brake button 25 is pressed, the compressed gas in the emergency gas cylinder 18 reenters the locking cavity 15, the compression force of the compressed gas in the locking cavity 15 counteracts part of the elastic force exerted on the elastic piston 10 by the spring 4, and the extrusion force applied to the locking ball 12 is reduced; then the emergency brake button 24 is pulled out, and the emergency brake control valve 20 is closed, so that the emergency gas cylinder 18 does not deliver compressed gas into the emergency brake cavity 15 any more; finally, compressed gas in the locking cavity 15 pushes the elastic piston 10 to deform in the direction away from the opening of the shell 1, and the elastic extrusion ring 13 is separated from the locking ball 12 under the driving of the elastic piston 10 so as to release the locking ball and release the locking of the push rod 3.
The invention has the advantages that:
(1) a locking structure consisting of the elastic piston, the elastic extrusion ring, the conical ring and the locking ball is designed, so that the push rod can be maintained at a certain position after extending out, and the effect of stable braking is greatly improved;
(2) because the emergency braking cavity and the working cavity are independently arranged, the emergency braking device and the common pedal brake are respectively arranged at two sides of the push rod, the structure is simple, and the devices have no mutual interference;
(3) the working air cylinder and the emergency air cylinder are mutually isolated by two one-way valves, the air pressure is uniformly provided by the main air cylinder, the safety and the reliability are realized, and the problem can be found during the ordinary working braking and the pressure can be timely supplemented.
If the invention discloses or relates to parts or structures which are fixedly connected to each other, the fixedly connected parts can be understood as follows, unless otherwise stated: a detachable fixed connection (for example using bolts or screws) is also understood as: non-detachable fixed connections (e.g. riveting, welding), but of course, fixed connections to each other may also be replaced by one-piece structures (e.g. manufactured integrally using a casting process) (unless it is obviously impossible to use an integral forming process).
In addition, terms used in any technical solutions disclosed in the present invention to indicate positional relationships or shapes include approximate, similar or approximate states or shapes unless otherwise stated.
Any part provided by the invention can be assembled by a plurality of independent components or can be manufactured by an integral forming process.
Finally, it should be noted that: the above examples are only intended to illustrate the technical solution of the present invention and not to limit it; although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to preferred embodiments, those skilled in the art will understand that: modifications to the specific embodiments of the invention or equivalent substitutions for parts of the technical features may be made; without departing from the spirit of the present invention, it is intended to cover all aspects of the invention as defined by the appended claims.
Claims (8)
1. The utility model provides a high-efficient braking system based on heavy-duty truck, includes the casing, is located the inside work diaphragm of casing, is driven by the work diaphragm and the push rod that stretches out from the opening of casing which characterized in that: an emergency brake diaphragm used for driving the push rod to extend out of the opening of the shell is arranged on one side, away from the push rod, of the working diaphragm, a working cavity used for driving the working diaphragm is arranged between the emergency brake diaphragm and the working diaphragm, and an emergency brake cavity used for driving the emergency brake diaphragm is arranged between the emergency brake diaphragm and the shell; a locking mechanism is arranged inside the shell, a spring is arranged between the driving end of the locking mechanism and the working diaphragm, and when the spring pushes the driving end of the locking mechanism to move along the extending direction of the push rod, the locking mechanism fixes the push rod; the locking mechanism comprises an elastic piston and a clamping assembly which are sequentially arranged along the extending direction of the push rod, the elastic piston is a driving end of the locking mechanism, one end of the elastic piston is connected with a spring, the other end of the elastic piston is fixedly connected with the shell, the spring pushes the elastic piston to stretch along the axial direction of the push rod, and the clamping assembly is pushed by the spring piston to stretch along the radial direction of the push rod so as to clamp the push rod; a locking cavity is arranged between the elastic piston and the shell; the emergency brake device is characterized by also comprising a gas supply device for providing compressed gas for the working cavity and the emergency brake cavity, wherein the gas supply device comprises a working gas cylinder and an emergency gas cylinder, and the working gas cylinder is communicated with the working cavity; the emergency air reservoir is respectively communicated with the emergency braking cavity and the locking cavity.
2. The heavy-duty truck-based high-efficiency braking system according to claim 1, characterized in that: the clamping assembly comprises a conical ring sleeved on the outer side of the push rod, the large-diameter end of an inner hole of the conical ring faces the elastic piston, and a plurality of locking balls are annularly arranged between the inner wall of the conical ring and the outer wall of the push rod; the elastic piston is annular and covers the outside of establishing at the bell ring, and the inside of elastic piston has set firmly elastic extrusion ring, when the spring promoted elastic piston towards clamping component compression, elastic extrusion ring butt is on the conical surface of bell ring hole and promotes the locking ball and sticiss the push rod, realizes the locking.
3. The heavy-duty truck-based high-efficiency braking system according to claim 2, wherein: the conical ring, the locking ball and the elastic extrusion ring are all positioned in the locking cavity; be equipped with on the casing in order to do benefit to towards the locking gas injection hole of locking chamber input compressed gas, the compressed gas in the locking intracavity promotes the elastic piston and warp towards keeping away from casing open-ended direction to unclamp the locking ball.
4. The heavy-duty truck-based high-efficiency braking system according to claim 2, wherein: the inner side of the elastic extrusion ring is provided with an annular gasket which is used for being in contact with the locking ball, the section of the annular gasket is arc-shaped, and the arc opening faces the locking ball.
5. The heavy-duty truck-based high-efficiency braking system according to claim 1, characterized in that: the on-off between the working air cylinder and the working cavity is controlled by a working brake valve, and the working brake valve is driven by a brake pedal to act; the emergency air reservoir and the emergency brake chamber are controlled to be switched on and off through an emergency brake control valve; and the on-off is controlled between the emergency air cylinder and the locking cavity and through a parking brake control valve and an emergency brake control valve.
6. The heavy truck-based high-efficiency braking system according to claim 5, characterized in that: the emergency brake control valve is driven to act by an emergency brake key; the parking brake control valve is driven by a parking brake key to act.
7. A heavy truck based high efficiency braking system according to claim 3 wherein: the gas supply device also comprises a main gas cylinder, the main gas cylinder is respectively connected with the working gas cylinder and the emergency gas cylinder, and one-way valves are respectively arranged between the main gas cylinder and the working gas cylinder and between the main gas cylinder and the emergency gas cylinder.
8. A working method of a high-efficiency braking system based on a heavy truck is characterized by comprising the following steps: the heavy-duty truck-based high-efficiency braking system comprises the following steps of:
(1) normal braking: the brake pedal is stepped down, the working brake valve is opened, compressed gas enters the working cavity from the working gas cylinder, the compressed gas in the working cavity drives the working diaphragm to bend, the working diaphragm pushes the push rod to extend out of the opening of the shell, so that the heavy-duty truck performs working braking, the emergency brake diaphragm is kept still, the spring is compressed at the moment, the spring pushes the elastic piston to deform along the extending direction of the push rod, the elastic piston drives the elastic extrusion ring to abut against the conical surface of the inner hole of the conical ring, and the locking ball is pushed to move along the radial direction to press the push rod tightly, so that the locking of the push rod is realized; the brake pedal is released, the working brake valve is closed, compressed gas in the working cavity is discharged, the push rod returns to the original position under the action of the spring, the compressed gas in the emergency gas cylinder enters the locking cavity, the compressed gas in the locking cavity pushes the elastic piston to deform towards the direction far away from the opening of the shell, and the elastic extrusion ring is separated from the locking ball under the driving of the elastic piston so as to release the locking ball and release the locking of the push rod;
(2) parking and braking: after normal braking, pulling out a parking brake key, closing a parking brake control valve, wherein compressed gas in an emergency gas cylinder cannot enter a locking cavity, and a locking ball keeps pressing a push rod under the action of a spring to prevent the push rod from returning so as to realize safe parking of the heavy-duty truck;
(3) emergency braking: the emergency brake button is pressed, the emergency brake control valve is opened, compressed gas in the emergency gas cylinder enters the emergency brake cavity, the compressed gas in the emergency brake cavity drives the emergency brake diaphragm to bend, and the emergency brake diaphragm pushes the push rod to extend out of the opening of the shell through the working diaphragm, so that the heavy-duty truck performs working brake; at the moment, the spring is compressed, the spring pushes the elastic piston to deform along the extending direction of the push rod, the elastic piston drives the elastic extrusion ring to abut against the conical surface of the inner hole of the conical ring and pushes the locking ball to move along the radial direction to tightly press the push rod, and the locking of the push rod is realized;
(4) driving: when a parking brake button is pressed, compressed gas in the emergency gas cylinder enters the locking cavity again, the compression force of the compressed gas in the locking cavity counteracts partial elastic force applied to the elastic piston by the spring, and the extrusion force applied to the locking ball is reduced; then the emergency brake key is pulled out, and the emergency brake control valve is closed, so that the emergency air reservoir does not convey compressed air to the emergency brake cavity any more; and finally, compressed gas in the locking cavity pushes the elastic piston to deform towards the direction away from the opening of the shell, and the elastic extrusion ring is separated from the locking ball under the driving of the elastic piston so as to loosen the locking ball and release the locking of the push rod.
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| CN202111267721.5A CN113830046B (en) | 2021-10-29 | 2021-10-29 | Efficient braking system based on heavy-duty truck and working method thereof |
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| CN113830046A (en) | 2021-12-24 |
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