CN113827600A - 桦木酸在制备f-2毒素中毒的解毒剂中的应用、解毒剂及其应用 - Google Patents
桦木酸在制备f-2毒素中毒的解毒剂中的应用、解毒剂及其应用 Download PDFInfo
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- CN113827600A CN113827600A CN202111332484.6A CN202111332484A CN113827600A CN 113827600 A CN113827600 A CN 113827600A CN 202111332484 A CN202111332484 A CN 202111332484A CN 113827600 A CN113827600 A CN 113827600A
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Abstract
本发明涉及F‑2毒素中毒解毒剂技术领域，特别是涉及桦木酸在制备F‑2毒素中毒的解毒剂中的应用、解毒剂及其应用。本发明利用桦木酸制备的解毒剂不仅可以有效抑制体内雌激素受体ERα、ERβ的表达，拮抗F‑2毒素的类雌激素样毒性作用；同时，还可以提高子宫、卵巢及其他功能脏器如肝脏的抗氧化能力以及抗炎能力，全面有效的拮抗F‑2毒素毒性作用，从而提高动物生产性能。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及F-2毒素中毒解毒剂技术领域，特别是涉及桦木酸在制备F-2毒素中毒的解毒剂中的应用、解毒剂及其应用。
背景技术
F-2毒素，又名玉米赤霉烯酮(Zearalenone，ZEA)，是一种由镰刀菌属产生的非甾体类真菌毒素。主要由禾谷镰刀菌，玉米赤霉菌等霉菌毒素产生的有毒次级代谢产物，是污染粮食最常见的霉菌毒素之一，广泛存在于谷物品种(如玉米、小麦、高粱、燕麦、大豆)以及动植物源性食品中。F-2毒素属于外源性雌激素，其化学结构与天然雌激素如17β-雌二醇(E2)相似，能竞争性的与雌激素受体(ER)结合，形成同源或异源二聚体，并由细胞质进入细胞核与雌激素受体元件结合，进而激活雌激素应答基因的转录和表达。F-2毒素的强雌激素作用对猪的生殖系统影响最为明显。F-2毒素中毒会引起母猪外阴发炎红肿、直肠和阴道脱落、卵巢畸形、不孕、流产等症状。此外，F-2毒素还会造成动物的肝肾损伤及降低免疫能力，F-2毒素中毒后会出现精神萎顿、黏膜发绀、肝肿胀变硬、淋巴结水肿和胃肠黏膜充血等特征，从而危害动物健康，给畜牧业带来巨大的经济损失。因此，开发一种F-2毒素中毒的解毒剂具有非常重要的现实意义。
目前现有技术中已经公开的F-2毒素的解毒剂为维生素-E(VE)，虽然VE对F-2毒素具有解毒作用，但其解毒效果主要是针对修复F-2毒素诱导的动物卵巢颗粒细胞氧化损伤，增加抗氧化酶的活性，其解毒途径相对单一，效果不够全面。因此，有必要继续探索和开发解毒作用更全面、解毒效果更好的F-2毒素解毒剂。
发明内容
为了解决上述问题，本发明提供了桦木酸在制备F-2毒素中毒的解毒剂中的应用、解毒剂及其应用。本发明利用桦木酸制备的解毒剂对于缓解F-2毒素引起的毒性具有显著的效果，且解毒作用更全面。
为了实现上述目的，本发明提供如下技术方案：
本发明提供了桦木酸在制备F-2毒素中毒的解毒剂中的应用。
本发明还提供了一种F-2毒素中毒的解毒剂，所述解毒剂的有效成分包括以下重量份的组分：桦木酸40～50份、蓝莓提取物10～20份、甘草甜素10～20份、灵芝多糖10～20份和番茄红素5～10份。
优选的，所述解毒剂的有效成分包括以下重量份的组分：桦木酸46～48份、蓝莓提取物14～16份、甘草甜素14～16份、灵芝多糖14～16份和番茄红素6～8份。
优选的，所述蓝莓提取物中花青素的含量为23wt.％～27wt.％。
本发明还提供了上述解毒剂的制备方法，包括以下步骤：将解毒剂的有效成分研磨，得到所述解毒剂。
本发明还提供了上述解毒剂或利用上述制备方法制备得到的解毒剂在制备F-2毒素中毒的解毒药物或保健品中的应用。
本发明还提供了上述解毒剂或利用上述制备方法制备得到的解毒剂在制备抑制体内雌激素受体表达的药物或保健品中的应用。
优选的，所述雌激素受体包括ERα和/或ERβ。
本发明还提供了上述解毒剂或利用上述制备方法制备得到的解毒剂在制备提高抗氧化和/或抗炎能力的药物或保健品中的应用。
本发明还提供了一种提高抗氧化和/或抗炎能力的药物或保健品，所述药物或保健品的有效成分包括上述解毒剂或利用上述制备方法制备得到的解毒剂。
有益效果：
本发明提供了桦木酸在制备F-2毒素中毒的解毒剂中的应用。本发明利用桦木酸制备的解毒剂不仅可以有效抑制体内雌激素受体ERα、ERβ的表达，还具有拮抗F-2毒素的类雌激素样毒性作用；同时，还可以提高子宫、卵巢及其他功能脏器如肝脏的抗氧化能力以及抗炎能力，全面有效的拮抗F-2毒素毒性作用，从而提高动物生产性能。
具体实施方式
本发明提供了桦木酸在制备F-2毒素中毒的解毒剂中的应用。本发明所述桦木酸能发挥抗肿瘤、抗氧化应激、免疫调节、抗菌及抗病毒等多方面的生物活性；利用桦木酸制备的解毒剂不仅可以有效抑制体内雌激素受体ERα、ERβ的表达，缓解由于F-2毒素与体内雌激素受体ERα、ERβ过度结合而引发的生殖系统功能紊乱；同时，还可以提高子宫、卵巢及其他功能脏器如肝脏的抗氧化能力以及抗炎能力，全面有效的拮抗F-2毒素毒性作用，从而提高动物生产性能。
本发明还提供了一种F-2毒素中毒的解毒剂，所述解毒剂的有效成分包括：桦木酸40～50份、蓝莓提取物10～20份、甘草甜素10～20份、灵芝多糖10～20份和番茄红素5～10份。
本发明所述解毒剂包括40～50重量份的桦木酸，优选为46～48份，更优选为48份。在本发明中，所述桦木酸中有效成分含量优选为90wt.％以上，更优选的为95wt.％以上；本发明及实施例所述桦木酸优选为市售桦木酸，优选购自于西安贝吉诺生物科技有限公司，规格为25kg/纸板桶，货号为BJN97692，桦木酸有效成分含量为98wt.％。本发明所述桦木酸能发挥抗肿瘤、抗氧化应激、免疫调节、抗菌及抗病毒等多方面的生物活性。
以所述桦木酸的1重量份为基准，本发明所述解毒剂包括10～20重量份的蓝莓提取物，优选为14～16份，更优选为15份。在本发明中，所述蓝莓提取物中花青素含量优选为23wt.％～27wt.％，更优选为25wt.％；本发明及实施例所述蓝莓提取物优选为市售蓝莓提取物，优选购自于陕西飞米生物科技有限公司，规格为25kg/纸板桶，货号为FM091502，花青素含量为25wt.％。本发明所述蓝莓提取物所富含的花青素具有较强的抗氧化能力，其抗氧化能力是VE的50倍，能显著促进机体免疫能力，减少F-2毒素对动物所造成的氧化损伤。
以所述桦木酸的1重量份为基准，本发明所述解毒剂包括10～20重量份的甘草甜素，优选为14～16份，更优选为15份。在本发明中，所述甘草甜素的有效成分含量优选为95wt.％以上，更优选为98wt.％以上；本发明及实施例所述甘草甜素优选为市售甘草甜素，优选购自于成都仪睿生物科技有限公司，规格为25kg/纸板桶，货号为YRG004，甘草甜素有效成分含量为98wt.％。本发明所述甘草甜素是从药用植物甘草根、茎中提取的一种三萜类活性成分，又称甘草酸，具有高甜度、低热量、安全无毒的特点，具有抗炎、抗病毒、抗变态反应、免疫调节等作用。
以所述桦木酸的1重量份为基准，本发明所述解毒剂包括10～20重量份的灵芝多糖，优选为14～16份，更优选为15份。在本发明中，所述灵芝多糖的有效成分含量优选为50wt.％以上，更优选为60wt.％以上；本发明及实施例所述灵芝多糖优选为市售灵芝多糖，优选购自于肽爱生物科技(西安)有限公司，规格25kg/纸板桶，货号为TA-2021081710，灵芝多糖有效成分含量为80wt.％。本发明所述灵芝多糖是从灵芝孢子粉或灵芝中提取的一种由三股单糖链构成的、具有螺旋状立体构形(三级结构)的葡聚糖，是灵芝的最有效成分之一，且安全无毒，具有抗氧化，清除自由基，调节免疫等作用。
以所述桦木酸的1重量份为基准，本发明所述解毒剂包括5～10重量份的番茄红素，优选为6～8份，更优选为7份。在本发明中，所述番茄红素中有效成分含量优选为10wt.％以上，更优选的为20wt.％以上；本发明及实施例所述黄芪多糖优选为市售番茄红素，优选购自于陕西飞米生物科技有限公司，规格为1kg/袋，货号为FM-21060702番茄红素有效成分含量为20wt.％。本发明所述番茄红素是植物中所含的一种天然色素，主要存在于茄科植物西红柿的成熟果实中，是目前在自然界的植物中被发现的最强抗氧化剂之一；番茄红素清除自由基的功效远胜于其他类胡萝卜素和维生素E，其抗氧化能力是胡萝卜素的3.2倍，是维生素E的100倍，具有抗氧化、抗肿瘤、增强免疫力等作用。
本发明的F-2毒素中毒的解毒剂以桦木酸作为主要成分，配以蓝莓提取物、甘草甜素、灵芝多糖和番茄红素，不仅可以有效抑制体内雌激素受体ERα、ERβ的表达，拮抗F-2毒素的类雌激素样毒性作用；同时，还可以提高子宫、卵巢及其他功能脏器如肝脏的抗氧化能力以及抗炎能力，全面有效的拮抗F-2毒素毒性作用，从而提高动物生产性能。
本发明还提供了上述解毒剂的制备方法，包括以下步骤：将解毒剂的有效成分研磨，得到所述解毒剂。在本发明中，优选将解毒剂的有效成分混合后再研磨；所述研磨后优选还包括干燥。本发明对研磨方法、研磨后物料的粒径大小、干燥方法及干燥后解毒剂的含水量没有具体限制。
本发明还提供了上述解毒剂或利用上述制备方法制备得到的解毒剂在制备F-2毒素中毒的解毒药物或保健品中的应用。本发明所述的作用机理和上述相同，在此不再赘述。
本发明还提了上述解毒剂或利用上述制备方法制备得到的解毒剂在制备抑制体内雌激素受体表达的药物或保健品中的应用。在本发明中，所述雌激素受体优选包括ERα和/或ERβ。本发明所述的作用机理和上述相同，在此不再赘述。
本发明还提了上述解毒剂或利用上述制备方法制备得到的解毒剂在制备提高抗氧化和/或抗炎能力的药物或保健品中的应用。本发明所述的作用机理和上述相同，在此不再赘述。
为了进一步说明本发明，下面结合实施例对本发明提供的桦木酸在制备F-2毒素中毒的解毒剂中的应用、解毒剂及其应用进行详细地描述，但不能将它们理解为对本发明保护范围的限定。
实施例1
一种F-2毒素中毒的解毒剂，由以下组分组成：桦木酸470g(47重量份)、蓝莓提取物150g(15重量份)、甘草甜素150g(15重量份)、灵芝多糖150g(15重量份)和番茄红素70g(7重量份)。
所述解毒剂的制备：将桦木酸、蓝莓提取物、甘草甜素、灵芝多糖和番茄红素按重量比混合后研磨成粉，得到所述解毒剂。
应用例1
为了验证本发明的解毒剂对雌性小鼠生长性能、血清生殖激素水平、雌激素表达水平的影响，进行以下试验：将60只体重(24.75±0.86g)相近的7周龄雌性昆明系小鼠，随机分为4组，每组15只。对照组(正常日粮)，F-2毒素组(日粮中含200μg/kg F-2毒素)，治疗组1(日粮中含200μg/kg F-2毒素+占日粮重量0.1％的桦木酸)，治疗组2(日粮中含200μg/kg F-2毒素+占日粮重量0.1％的实施例1制备的解毒剂)，试验时间为21d，预饲期7天，并进行以下指标的监测：
1.生长性能
试验期共21天，对小鼠饲喂四种不同的饲料，分别是对照组、染毒组、治疗组1、治疗组2。对小鼠生长性能相关指标进行了检测，检测结果见表1。
表1.桦木酸复方解毒剂对饲喂F-2毒素污染日粮雌性小鼠生长性能的影响
由表1可以看出，4个处理组的平均日采食量、平均日增重及饲料转化率均无显著影响(P>0.05)。说明低剂量的F-2毒素污染日粮对小鼠生长性能没有显著影响。
2.生殖激素水平
对小鼠血清中5种生殖激素进行了检测，检测结果见表2。
表2.桦木酸复方解毒剂对饲喂F-2毒素污染日粮雌性小鼠血清生殖激素的影响
与对照组比较*P<0.05，**P<0.01；与染毒组比较#P<0.05，##P<0.01，下同。
由表2可知，染毒组的卵泡刺激素、雌二醇、孕酮的含量显著高于对照组(P<0.01，P<0.05)，治疗组1和治疗组2的卵泡刺激素、雌二醇、孕酮的含量与染毒组相比显著降低(P<0.01，P<0.05)；同时，染毒组的促黄体激素含量显著低于对照组(P<0.01)，而治疗组1和治疗组2的促黄体激素含量与染毒组比较显著升高(P<0.01)。说明桦木酸或本申请解毒剂均可以有效恢复F-2毒素所引起的激素分泌紊乱，其中本申请解毒剂的效果要好于单独添加桦木酸组。
3.小鼠生殖器及性腺中雌激素受体ERα、ERβ的mRNA表达水平
大量研究显示F-2毒素类雌激素样作用是通过活化生殖器官及性腺中雌激素受体ERα、ERβ来实现的。因此，本发明利用RT-PCR的方法，对仔猪子宫、卵巢组织中的雌激素受体ERα、ERβ的mRNA表达水平进行了定量检测。具体检测方法如下：
RNA的反转录
参照Takara反转录试剂盒的说明书进行RNA的反转录，进行cDNA的合成。首先进行去基因组DNA反应：10μl体系：2μl的5×gDNAEraserBuffer，1μl的gDNA Eraser，total RNA和RNase Free ddH2O总共10μl，加入的RNA总量为1μg，使RNA的浓度稀释到1μg/mL。第二步，进行反转录反应。该反应是20μl体系：10μl的第一步得到的反应液，4μl的5×Prime ScriptBuffer2，1μl的Prime Script RT Enzyme Mix1，1μl的RT Prime Mix，4μl的RNase FreeddH2O，该体系在37℃处理15min，然后85℃处理5s，4℃保存。将反应得到cDNA产物放到-20℃冰箱保存。
雌激素受体ERα和ERβ的mRNA表达水平的定量PCR检测，引物序列和反应体系如下表3、4所示：
表3荧光定量PCR反应的引物序列
表4.雌激素受体和内参的荧光定量体系(20μl)
| 试剂 | 反应终浓度 | 使用量 |
| 2×SYBRGreenProTaqHSPremix | 1x | 10μl |
| cDNA | <100ng | - |
| PrimerF(10μM) | 0.2μM | 0.4μl |
| PrimerR(10μM) | 0.2μM | 0.4μl |
| RNasefreewater | - | Upto20μl |
表5.荧光定量PCR操作过程
表6.桦木酸复方解毒剂对饲喂F-2毒素污染日粮雌性小鼠生殖器官及性腺中雌激素受体ERα的mRNA表达水平影响
| 组别 | 子宫 | 卵巢 |
| 对照组 | 1.0±0.11 | 0.9±0.15 |
| 染毒组 | 2.1±0.23** | 1.3±0.22** |
| 治疗组1 | 0.9±0.15## | 0.8±0.28## |
| 治疗组2 | 1.0±0.16## | 0.8±0.13## |
表7.桦木酸复方解毒剂对饲喂F-2毒素污染日粮雌性小鼠生殖器官及性腺中雌激素受体ERβ的mRNA表达水平影响
| 组别 | 子宫 | 卵巢 |
| 对照组 | 1.0±0.26 | 1.0±0.28 |
| 染毒组 | 2.17±0.21** | 2.47±0.23** |
| 治疗组1 | 1.07±0.28## | 1.92±0.22## |
| 治疗组2 | 1.15±0.15## | 1.25±0.14## |
表6的结果表明，在子宫组织和卵巢组织中，与对照组相比，染毒组显著降低了ERα的mRNA水平(P<0.01)，而与染毒组相比，治疗组1和治疗组2的ERα表达水平显著升高(P<0.01)，并且治疗组2的效果优于治疗组1。说明桦木酸和本申请解毒剂均可以有效降低F-2毒素引起的子宫和卵巢组织中ERα表达升高，其中本申请解毒剂的效果要好于单独添加桦木酸。
表7的结果表明，在子宫、卵巢组织中，与对照组相比，染毒组的ERβ表达量显著升高(P<0.01)，与染毒组相比，治疗组1和治疗组2的ERβ的表达量显著降低(P<0.01)。说明桦木酸和本申请解毒剂均可以有效降低ERβ的表达量，其中本申请解毒剂的效果要好于单独添加桦木酸。
综合表6和表7的试验结果，表明了桦木酸和本发明的解毒剂均可以有效恢复F-2毒素所引起的雌激素受体表达紊乱，其中本发明的解毒剂的效果要好于单独添加桦木酸。
应用例2
为了验证本发明的解毒剂对F-2毒素中毒的解毒效果进行以下试验：将24头杜×长×大三元杂交母猪随机分为4组，每组6头。对照组(正常日粮)，染毒组(日粮中含220μg/kg F-2毒素)，治疗组1(日粮中含220μg/kg F-2毒素+占日粮重量为0.1％的桦木酸)，治疗组2(日粮中含220μg/kg F-2毒素+占日粮重量为0.1％的实施例1制备的解毒剂)，试验时间为21d。试验开始后每天观察并记录猪只阴户的肿胀情况，用游标卡尺测量阴户长(a)、宽(b)，并计算阴户表面积(S)。计算公式S＝(π×a×b)/4，比较各组猪只的阴户增大及恢复效果，试验结果见表8。
表8.桦木酸复方解毒剂对饲喂F-2毒素污染日粮母猪阴户面积的影响(mm2)
| 组别 | 0d | 7d | 14d | 21d |
| 对照组 | 543.15±69.13 | 753.82±79.49 | 795.31±123.54 | 842.56±88.49 |
| 染毒组 | 552.26±72.45 | 897.63±142.26** | 958.25±102.34** | 1078.34±100.28** |
| 治疗组1 | 555.56±70.36 | 814.73±127.32## | 872.46±100.48## | 884.36±93.62## |
| 治疗组2 | 548.45±71.47 | 820.65±95.23## | 843.63±85.94## | 855.92±78.45## |
由表8可知，试验第7d，染毒组和对照组相比，猪阴户面积显著增加，与染毒组相比，治疗组1，2猪阴户面积显著降低(P<0.01)，但均显著高于对照组，并且出现红肿症状。试验第14d，治疗组1，2的阴户面积逐渐恢复，红肿症状逐渐消失，但依然显著大于对照组，而染毒组阴户面积仍然大于对照组且红肿现象加重。试验第21d，治疗组1，2的阴户面积逐渐恢复至对照组水平，红肿症状逐渐消失，染毒组阴户面积仍然大于对照组且红肿现象加重。由结果可知，F-2毒素中毒可引起母猪假发情，导致阴户红肿，而单独添加桦木酸或本发明的解毒剂均能够有效的缓解由F-2毒素中毒所造成的母猪阴户红肿，其中本发明的解毒剂的效果要好于单独添加桦木酸。
由以上实施例可知，本发明提供了一种F-2毒素中毒的解毒剂，本发明的解毒剂能够有效缓解由F-2毒素中毒所造成的青年母猪阴户红肿，且缓解效果好于单独使用桦木酸；并且本发明的解毒剂还可以有效恢复F-2毒素所引起的小鼠雌激素受体表达紊乱，恢复效果也好于单独使用桦木酸。因而，本发明的解毒剂能更好的拮抗F-2毒素毒性，进而提高动物生产性能。
虽然本发明已以较佳的实施例公开如上，但其并非用以限定本发明，任何熟悉此技术的人，在不脱离本发明的精神和范围内，都可以做各种改动和修饰，因此本发明的保护范围应该以权利要求书所界定的为准。
序列表
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Claims (10)
1.桦木酸在制备F-2毒素中毒的解毒剂中的应用。
2.一种F-2毒素中毒的解毒剂，其特征在于，所述解毒剂的有效成分包括以下重量份的组分：桦木酸40～50份、蓝莓提取物10～20份、甘草甜素10～20份、灵芝多糖10～20份和番茄红素5～10份。
3.根据权利要求2所述的解毒剂，其特征在于，所述解毒剂的有效成分包括以下重量份的组分：桦木酸46～48份、蓝莓提取物14～16份、甘草甜素14～16份、灵芝多糖14～16份和番茄红素6～8份。
4.根据权利要求2或3所述的解毒剂，其特征在于，所述蓝莓提取物中花青素的含量为23wt.％～27wt.％。
5.权利要求2～4任一项所述解毒剂的制备方法，包括以下步骤：将解毒剂的有效成分研磨，得到所述解毒剂。
6.权利要求2～4任一项所述解毒剂或利用权利要求5所述制备方法制备得到的解毒剂在制备F-2毒素中毒的解毒药物或保健品中的应用。
7.权利要求2～4任一项所述解毒剂或利用权利要求5所述制备方法制备得到的解毒剂在制备抑制体内雌激素受体表达的药物或保健品中的应用。
8.根据权利要求7所述的应用，其特征在于，所述雌激素受体包括ERα和/或ERβ。
9.权利要求2～4任一项所述解毒剂或利用权利要求5所述制备方法制备得到的解毒剂在制备提高抗氧化和/或抗炎能力的药物或保健品中的应用。
10.一种提高抗氧化和/或抗炎能力的药物或保健品，其特征在于，所述药物或保健品的有效成分包括权利要求2～4任一项所述解毒剂或利用权利要求5所述制备方法制备得到的解毒剂。
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