CN113827079A - Outdoor blanket with day radiation refrigeration function - Google Patents
Outdoor blanket with day radiation refrigeration function Download PDFInfo
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- CN113827079A CN113827079A CN202111147055.1A CN202111147055A CN113827079A CN 113827079 A CN113827079 A CN 113827079A CN 202111147055 A CN202111147055 A CN 202111147055A CN 113827079 A CN113827079 A CN 113827079A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A47—FURNITURE; DOMESTIC ARTICLES OR APPLIANCES; COFFEE MILLS; SPICE MILLS; SUCTION CLEANERS IN GENERAL
- A47G—HOUSEHOLD OR TABLE EQUIPMENT
- A47G9/00—Bed-covers; Counterpanes; Travelling rugs; Sleeping rugs; Sleeping bags; Pillows
- A47G9/02—Bed linen; Blankets; Counterpanes
- A47G9/0207—Blankets; Duvets
- A47G9/0223—Blankets
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Abstract
The invention discloses a daytime radiation refrigeration outdoor blanket which is formed by weaving acrylic fiber/polyester composite fiber with an infrared high-emission function as down yarn and silver nanowire/nanoscale porous polyethylene composite fiber as bottom yarn on a double-needle bed Raschel warp knitting machine; the acrylic fiber/polyester composite fiber with the infrared high-emission function is of a skin-core structure, wherein the polyester is used as a core layer, and the acrylic fiber with the infrared emission function is used as a skin layer. The invention has excellent solar spectrum high reflectivity and infrared high emissivity performance in an atmospheric window (8-13 mu m), so that the temperature of the woven blanket is lower than the ambient temperature, and the radiation refrigeration effect under the irradiation of sunlight is further realized. The blanket not only obtains the excellent performances, but also has multiple performances of softness, air permeability, moisture resistance, antibiosis, ultraviolet resistance, antistatic property and the like.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of blanket production, in particular to a blanket for daytime radiation refrigeration outdoor.
Background
Global warming is a phenomenon related to nature, and is caused by that the greenhouse effect is continuously accumulated, so that the energy absorbed and emitted by the earth-gas system is unbalanced, the energy is continuously accumulated in the earth-gas system, so that the temperature is increased, and the global warming is continuously caused, the average air temperature of the whole earth is increased by 0.48 ℃ before the temperature is increased since 1981 to 1990, and the global air temperature is estimated to be increased by about 1.4-5.8 ℃ until 2100. The temperature performance in summer is most obvious, and the temperature is generally over 37 ℃ along the coastal region, so that people can be influenced by high-temperature irradiation when playing outdoors such as at the sea. The blanket is developed more rapidly in recent years, the blanket is common outdoors, when people have a rest at the seaside, the blanket is covered on the blanket, and the human body can absorb most of heat energy through the high-temperature irradiation of sunlight, so that the temperature of the human body is very high, and the inconvenience is brought to the outdoor of the people.
Early people studied the night radiation refrigeration blanket and found that CO in the atmosphere is the main factor2、O3、H2O or the like selectively absorbs infrared rays of different wavelengths, but is almost transparent to infrared rays of a wavelength range of 8 to 13 μm, thereby forming a so-called atmospheric window. The principle of blanket refrigeration is that the energy radiated by the blanket with the wavelength of 8-13 mu m reaches the outer space through the atmospheric window without heating the surrounding environment. Therefore, the night radiation refrigerating blanket can achieve the effect of refrigerating by only considering the emissivity of 8-13 mu m and achieving the temperature lower than the ambient temperature. Compared with the blanket for radiation refrigeration at night, the blanket for radiation refrigeration at daytime has certain particularity. The blanket used outdoors in the daytime receives solar radiation energy far larger than heat radiated by the blanket, so that the blanket for refrigerating by daytime radiation has high emissivity at 8-13 mu m and also needs to have high reflectivity at a sunlight wave band. Therefore, the blanket with the day radiation refrigeration function is a subject of research, and the blanket with the day radiation refrigeration function is urgently needed to be developed to solve the problem of harm caused by outdoor high temperature.
For example, CN 112175458A an adaptive temperature-adaptive radiation-cooled coating and application thereof, a single-layer or double-layer adaptive temperature-adaptive radiation-cooled coating is provided, the main components of the single-layer coating comprise a reversible thermochromic material, reflective particles, emission-type particles and a film-forming matrix; the double-layer coating comprises a radiation refrigeration layer and a phase change layer, so that the double-layer coating has the radiation refrigeration switch function, and the self-adaptive temperature control function of refrigeration in summer and heat preservation in winter within a certain temperature range is realized. CN 111607976A radiation refrigeration coating and application thereof, radiation refrigeration coating and textile, wherein the radiation refrigeration coating comprises a first functional layer and a second functional layer which are arranged in a stacked manner, first waterborne polyurethane resin and heat reflection pigment and filler distributed in the first waterborne polyurethane resin; the second functional layer comprises a second aqueous polyurethane resin and ultraviolet reflecting pigment and filler distributed in the second aqueous polyurethane resin. The process of the method does not relate to the structural design of the functional composite fiber, and does not relate to the structural design and construction of the blanket for outdoor use in daytime radiation refrigeration.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a daytime radiation refrigeration outdoor blanket which has excellent performances of high reflectivity of solar spectrum and high infrared emissivity in an atmospheric window (8-13 mu m), so that the temperature of the woven blanket is lower than the ambient temperature, and the radiation refrigeration effect under the irradiation of sunlight is further realized. The blanket not only obtains the excellent performances, but also has multiple performances of softness, air permeability, moisture resistance, antibiosis, ultraviolet resistance, antistatic property and the like. The blanket industrial application for outdoor radiation refrigeration in daytime is realized.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention for solving the technical problems is as follows:
a daytime radiation refrigeration outdoor blanket is characterized in that acrylic fiber/polyester composite fiber with an infrared high-emission function is used as a wool yarn, and silver nanowire/nanoscale porous polyethylene composite fiber is used as a bottom yarn and is woven on a double-needle bar Raschel warp knitting machine; the acrylic fiber/polyester composite fiber with the infrared high-emission function is of a skin-core structure, wherein the polyester is used as a core layer, the acrylic fiber with the infrared emission function is used as a skin layer, the mass percent of the skin layer is 70-80%, and the mass percent of the core layer is 20-30%; the acrylic fiber/polyester fiber composite fiber with the infrared high-emission function is used after post-treatment, and the post-treatment comprises the following steps: firstly, air plasma etching treatment is carried out, then alkali decrement treatment is carried out, water washing is carried out until the water is neutral, and drying is carried out.
In the invention, the inventor weaves acrylic fiber/polyester composite fiber with infrared high-emission function as wool yarn and silver nanowire/nano-scale porous polyethylene composite fiber as bottom yarn on a double-needle bar Raschel warp knitting machine to form the daytime radiation refrigeration outdoor blanket. From the performance, the acrylic fiber/polyester composite fiber doped with the over-infrared high-emission inorganic particles not only has better sunlight reflectivity, but also has higher emissivity at the atmospheric window wave band. In addition, the acrylic fiber has excellent light resistance stability and chemical resistance, and the air plasma treatment and mixed alkali solution treatment are added, so that the prepared daytime radiation refrigeration outdoor blanket has sunlight reflection and infrared emissivity in an atmospheric window (8-13 mu m) higher than that of a traditional blanket, the temperature around the fabric is lower than the ambient temperature, and the refrigeration effect is achieved.
The key point of the invention is alkali decrement treatment, and the hydrophilic groups can be uniformly dispersed on the surface of the sheath-core structure composite fiber only by realizing the uniform distribution of the alkali treatment positions. In response to this problem, the present inventors treated the surface of the sheath-core structured composite fiber with air plasma. When the air plasma etches the surface of the sheath-core structure composite fiber, hydrophilic groups such as amide and carboxyl are introduced to the surface of the sheath-core structure composite fiber. The uniformity of the air plasma etching effect is good, and uniform etching points are formed on the surface of the composite fiber with the sheath-core structure. The etching point can be used as a further alkali treatment positioning point of the sheath-core structure composite fiber, so that the alkali decrement of the sheath-core structure composite fiber is more regular and easy to control.
The invention carries out structural design on acrylic fibers with infrared high emission function, so that infrared high emission inorganic particles are uniformly mixed with NaSCN solution and surface treating agent, and then are mixed with polyacrylonitrile emulsion, the surface treating agent generally uses polyelectrolyte with high ionization property, and can ionize a large amount of positive charges or negative charges in the NaSCN solution, and the ions can firmly bond inorganic ions together to generate steric hindrance effect, form electrostatic repulsion to achieve dispersion effect, and finally obtain the uniformly dispersed acrylic fibers with infrared high emission function.
The invention also carries out structural design on the silver nanowire/nanoscale porous polyethylene composite fiber, adopts a hot pressing process to treat the silver nanowire/nanoscale porous polyethylene composite fiber, and simultaneously adds a cross-linking agent, so that the porous polyethylene can be in a high-elasticity state in the hot pressing process, a part of silver nanowires are pressed and embedded in the porous polyethylene, after the silver nanowires are cooled at room temperature, the temperature is reduced to be lower than the glass transition temperature, the shape of the porous polyethylene fiber is stabilized under a new molecular arrangement state again, a stable structure is finally formed, and the washing fastness of the fabric is improved.
In the invention, the structure and performance of the sheath-core structure composite fiber are designed, and the sheath-core structure composite fiber with the special-shaped cross section is obtained by adopting a spinning assembly in a shape of a Chinese character mi, a cross and a triangle, so that the composite fiber has moisture absorption and air permeability. And the nano-scale porous polyethylene is used as the bottom filament, and the nano-scale pores not only endow the polyethylene with softness like cotton, but also can scatter visible light to achieve opacity.
The acrylic fiber/polyester fiber composite fiber with the infrared high-emission function is prepared by the following steps:
preparation of acrylic master batch with infrared high-emission function
(1) The raw material ratio is as follows: 90-100 parts of polyacrylonitrile, 5-10 parts of infrared high-emission inorganic particles, 3-8 parts of NaSCN solution and 2-5 parts of surface treating agent; the concentration of the NaSCN solution is 0.1-0.2 mol/L;
(2) mixing materials: uniformly mixing the infrared high-emission inorganic particles, the NaSCN solution and the surface treating agent, then blending with polyacrylonitrile, melting, extruding and granulating to obtain acrylic fiber master batches with the infrared high-emission function;
preparation of composite fiber
(3) Compounding: and the polyester is used as a core layer, the acrylic fiber with the infrared emission function is used as a skin layer, the dried polyester chip and the acrylic fiber master batch with the infrared high emission function are respectively melted and then enter a composite spinning assembly, and the sprayed filament bundle is cooled to obtain the acrylic fiber/polyester composite fiber with the skin-core structure and the infrared high emission function.
The infrared high-emission particles are SiO2、ZnO、ZrO2、TiO2、HfO2、NiSO4、MgSO4One or more of (a).
The surface treating agent is one or more of polyacrylamide, potassium polyacrylate, sodium polyacrylate, zinc polyacrylate and aluminum polyacrylate.
The silver nanowire/nanoscale porous polyethylene composite fiber is prepared by the following steps:
(1) the raw material ratio is as follows: the silver nanowire/polyethylene composite material comprises, by weight, 1-5 parts of a silver nanowire ethanol solution, 100 parts of a nanoscale porous polyethylene fiber and 2-10 parts of a cross-linking agent; the concentration of the silver nanowire ethanol solution is 4-6 g/L;
(2) mixing materials: uniformly mixing the silver nanowire ethanol solution and a cross-linking agent to form a mixed solution, then soaking the nano-scale porous polyethylene fiber in the mixed solution for 20-30 min, and drying at 60-70 ℃ for 10-15 min; repeating the dipping-drying operation for 8-12 times; finally, the silver nanowire/nano-scale porous polyethylene composite fiber is obtained through hot pressing process treatment.
The cross-linking agent is one or more of 1,2,3, 4-butanetetracarboxylic acid, dimethylol ethylene urea, polymaleic acid and polymaleic acid-vinyl alcohol-acrylic acid. The pore of the nano-scale porous polyethylene is 100 nm-1000 nm.
The hot pressing process comprises the following steps: and treating for 3-6 min at the temperature of 100-120 ℃ and the pressure of 10-15 MPa.
The air plasma etching treatment comprises the following specific processes: and placing the acrylic fiber/polyester fiber composite fiber in a plasma treatment chamber, adjusting the output power to 1000-2000W, introducing any one of nitrogen, argon, xenon or nitrogen when the pressure reaches 30-60 pa, and treating for 15-30 s.
The alkali decrement treatment is carried out by adopting a mixed alkali solution, the concentration of the mixed alkali solution is 8-15 g/L, the treatment temperature is 80-90 ℃, and the treatment time is 5-10 min; the mixed alkali is composed of strong alkali and alkaline salt, wherein the concentration of the strong alkali is 3-5 g/L, and the concentration of the alkaline salt is 5-10 g/L; the alkali is any one of sodium hydroxide and potassium hydroxide, and the alkaline salt is one or more of sodium bicarbonate, sodium carbonate, sodium phosphate and potassium carbonate.
The section of the acrylic/polyester composite fiber with the infrared high-emission function is any one of a shape like a Chinese character 'mi', a cross shape and a triangle, and the fineness of the acrylic/polyester composite fiber with the infrared high-emission function is 1.5-3D.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
(1) acrylic fibers with an infrared high-emission function are used as a skin layer, polyester fibers are used as a core material, composite fibers with a typical skin-core structure are used as wool yarns, and silver nanowire/nanoscale porous polyethylene composite fibers are used as bottom yarns to be woven into the blanket for daytime radiation refrigeration outdoor use on a double needle bar Raschel warp knitting machine. The blanket has excellent performance of high solar spectrum reflectivity and high infrared emissivity in an atmospheric window (8-13 mu m), the ambient temperature of the fabric is lower than the ambient temperature, and radiation refrigeration under the irradiation of sunlight is further realized.
(2) The silver nanowire/nano-scale porous polyethylene composite fiber is used as a bottom filament, and the silver nanowire endows the fabric with conductivity and antibacterial property; the nano-scale porous polyethylene endows the fabric with a soft and breathable effect, is more favorable for the discharge of heat energy under the radiation of sunlight, and can dissipate most of heat generated outside to a certain extent through the air convection effect generated by the nano-scale porous polyethylene fabric, so that the fabric can be used as a potential textile for cooling outdoors.
(3) Obtaining the skin-core structure composite fiber with a special-shaped section by adopting a cross spinning assembly in a shape of Chinese character 'mi', and carrying out air plasma and alkali treatment on the skin-core structure composite fiber to form regular fine grooves and fine holes on the surface of the skin-core structure composite fiber, wherein the grooves and the holes generate a capillary effect; can make the water vapor and sweat discharged by human body diffuse and discharged from human body, and make skin keep dry and comfortable.
(4) The hot pressing process is adopted for treatment, the silver nanowires obtained by the hot pressing treatment are partially embedded on the nano-scale porous polyethylene to obtain a stable structure, so that the woollen blanket obtained by weaving has better fastness to washing, and the use value of the product is indirectly improved.
Detailed Description
The technical solution of the present invention will be further specifically described below by way of specific examples.
In the present invention, the raw materials and equipment used are commercially available or commonly used in the art, unless otherwise specified. The methods in the following examples are conventional in the art unless otherwise specified.
General implementation:
a daytime radiation refrigeration outdoor blanket is characterized in that acrylic fiber/polyester composite fiber with an infrared high-emission function is used as a wool yarn, and silver nanowire/nanoscale porous polyethylene composite fiber is used as a bottom yarn and is woven on a double-needle bar Raschel warp knitting machine; the acrylic fiber/polyester composite fiber with the infrared high-emission function is of a skin-core structure, wherein the polyester is used as a core layer, the acrylic fiber with the infrared emission function is used as a skin layer, the mass percent of the skin layer is 70-80%, and the mass percent of the core layer is 20-30%; the acrylic fiber/polyester fiber composite fiber with the infrared high-emission function is used after post-treatment, and the post-treatment comprises the following steps: firstly, air plasma etching treatment is carried out, then alkali decrement treatment is carried out, water washing is carried out until the water is neutral, and drying is carried out. The air plasma etching treatment comprises the following specific processes: and placing the acrylic fiber/polyester fiber composite fiber in a plasma treatment chamber, adjusting the output power to 1000-2000W, introducing any one of nitrogen, argon, xenon or nitrogen when the pressure reaches 30-60 pa, and treating for 15-30 s. The alkali decrement treatment is carried out by adopting a mixed alkali solution, the concentration of the mixed alkali solution is 8-15 g/L, the treatment temperature is 80-90 ℃, and the treatment time is 5-10 min; the mixed alkali is composed of strong alkali and alkaline salt, wherein the concentration of the strong alkali is 3-5 g/L, and the concentration of the alkaline salt is 5-10 g/L; the alkali is any one of sodium hydroxide and potassium hydroxide, and the alkaline salt is one or more of sodium bicarbonate, sodium carbonate, sodium phosphate and potassium carbonate. The section of the acrylic/polyester composite fiber with the infrared high-emission function is any one of a shape like a Chinese character 'mi', a cross shape and a triangle, and the fineness of the acrylic/polyester composite fiber with the infrared high-emission function is 1.5-3D.
The acrylic fiber/polyester fiber composite fiber with the infrared high-emission function is prepared by the following steps:
preparation of acrylic master batch with infrared high-emission function
(1) The raw material ratio is as follows: 90-100 parts of polyacrylonitrile, 5-10 parts of infrared high-emission inorganic particles, 3-8 parts of NaSCN solution and 2-5 parts of surface treating agent; the concentration of the NaSCN solution is 0.1-0.2 mol/L; the infrared high-emission particles are SiO2、ZnO、ZrO2、TiO2、HfO2、NiSO4、MgSO4One or more of (a). The surface treating agent is one or more of polyacrylamide, potassium polyacrylate, sodium polyacrylate, zinc polyacrylate and aluminum polyacrylate.
(2) Mixing materials: uniformly mixing the infrared high-emission inorganic particles, the NaSCN solution and the surface treating agent, then blending with polyacrylonitrile, melting, extruding and granulating to obtain acrylic fiber master batches with the infrared high-emission function;
preparation of composite fiber
(3) Compounding: and the polyester is used as a core layer, the acrylic fiber with the infrared emission function is used as a skin layer, the dried polyester chip and the acrylic fiber master batch with the infrared high emission function are respectively melted and then enter a composite spinning assembly, and the sprayed filament bundle is cooled to obtain the acrylic fiber/polyester composite fiber with the skin-core structure and the infrared high emission function.
The silver nanowire/nanoscale porous polyethylene composite fiber is prepared by the following steps:
(1) the raw material ratio is as follows: the silver nanowire/polyethylene composite material comprises, by weight, 1-5 parts of a silver nanowire ethanol solution, 100 parts of a nanoscale porous polyethylene fiber and 2-10 parts of a cross-linking agent; the concentration of the silver nanowire ethanol solution is 4-6 g/L; the cross-linking agent is one or more of 1,2,3, 4-butanetetracarboxylic acid, dimethylol ethylene urea, polymaleic acid and polymaleic acid-vinyl alcohol-acrylic acid. The pore of the nano-scale porous polyethylene is 100 nm-1000 nm. In the invention, the nano-scale porous polyethylene fiber is specifically a porous ultrahigh molecular weight polyethylene fiber, can be purchased in the market, can also be prepared by adopting the existing gel spinning method, or can be prepared by referring to the method recorded in the research on the forming process and the structural performance of the high-strength porous UHMWPE fiber in the article of Liu Hongli.
(2) Mixing materials: uniformly mixing the silver nanowire ethanol solution and a cross-linking agent to form a mixed solution, then soaking the nano-scale porous polyethylene fiber in the mixed solution for 20-30 min, and drying at 60-70 ℃ for 10-15 min; repeating the dipping-drying operation for 8-12 times; finally, the silver nanowire/nano-scale porous polyethylene composite fiber is obtained through hot pressing process treatment. The hot pressing process comprises the following steps: and treating for 3-6 min at the temperature of 100-120 ℃ and the pressure of 10-15 MPa.
Example 1:
a daytime radiation refrigeration outdoor blanket is woven by taking acrylic fiber/polyester composite fiber with an infrared high-emission function as wool yarn and silver nanowire/nanoscale porous polyethylene composite fiber as bottom yarn on a double-needle bed Raschel warp knitting machine; the acrylic fiber/polyester composite fiber is a sheath-core structure composite fiber, wherein the core layer is polyester, and the sheath layer is acrylic fiber with an infrared emission function; the mass percent of the cortex layer of the acrylic fiber/polyester fiber composite fiber is 70%, and the mass percent of the core layer is 30%;
the acrylic fiber with the infrared high-emission function is prepared by the following method:
(1) the raw material ratio is as follows: 100 parts of polyacrylonitrile and high infrared emission inorganic particles (SiO) by weight2Commercially available) 8 parts, 4 parts of NaSCN solution (0.1 mol/L), and 2 parts of surface treatment agent (polyacrylamide, commercially available);
(2) mixing materials: and uniformly mixing the infrared high-emission inorganic particles, the NaSCN solution and the surface treating agent, then blending with polyacrylonitrile, melting, extruding and granulating to obtain the acrylic fiber with the infrared high-emission function.
The sheath-core structure composite fiber (acrylic fiber and polyester composite fiber with the titer of 2D) with the cross section in the shape of a Chinese character 'mi' is obtained by a spinning component in the shape of a Chinese character 'mi', the sheath-core structure composite fiber with the cross section in the shape of a Chinese character 'mi' is flatly paved on a steel wire mesh and is placed in a plasma processing chamber, the output power is adjusted to 1000w, and when the pressure reaches 30pa, argon is introduced for processing for 30 s. Then soaking the mixture in mixed alkali solution with the concentration of 8g/L at 80 ℃ for treatment for 5min, taking out the mixture, washing the mixture with water to be neutral, and drying the mixture to obtain the catalyst. Wherein the concentration of sodium hydroxide in the mixed alkali solution is 3g/L, and the concentration of sodium bicarbonate is 5 g/L.
The silver nanowire/nanoscale porous polyethylene composite fiber is prepared by the following method:
(1) the raw material ratio is as follows: 2 parts of silver nanowire ethanol solution (5 g/L), 100 parts of nano-scale porous polyethylene fiber and 4 parts of cross-linking agent (1, 2,3, 4-butanetetracarboxylic acid sold in the market);
(2) mixing materials: uniformly mixing the silver nanowire ethanol solution and the cross-linking agent, then soaking the nano-scale porous polyethylene fiber in the mixed solution for 25min, and drying for 10min at 65 ℃; repeating the impregnation-drying process for 10 times, and performing hot pressing process (at 100 deg.C and 10MPa for 5 min) to obtain the composite fiber.
The daytime radiation refrigeration outdoor blanket prepared by the embodiment is completed through a special accessory attached to an infrared spectrometer, and the total-wavelength infrared spectrometer with an integrating sphere accessory is adopted to test the reflectivity of a sunlight waveband (0.3-2.5 mu m) and the emissivity of a middle infrared waveband (2.5-18.5 mu m) of the composite film. The solar reflectance of the blanket for daytime radiant cooling outdoor use was measured to be 84.7%. The mid-infrared emissivity is 0.82.
The temperature of the felt drops by about 2.5 deg.c relative to ambient temperature.
Example 2:
a daytime radiation refrigeration outdoor blanket is woven by taking acrylic fiber/polyester composite fiber with an infrared high-emission function as wool yarn and silver nanowire/nanoscale porous polyethylene composite fiber as bottom yarn on a double-needle bed Raschel warp knitting machine; the acrylic fiber/polyester composite fiber is a sheath-core structure composite fiber, wherein the core layer is polyester, and the sheath layer is acrylic fiber with an infrared emission function; the mass percent of the cortex layer of the acrylic/polyester composite fiber is 75 percent, and the mass percent of the core layer is 25 percent;
the acrylic fiber with the infrared high-emission function is prepared by the following method:
(1) the raw material ratio is as follows: 100 parts of polyacrylonitrile and inorganic particles (ZnO and ZrO) with high infrared emission by weight2Commercially available) 8 parts, 5 parts of NaSCN solution (0.1 mol/L) and 3 parts of surface treating agent (commercially available polyacrylamide);
(2) mixing materials: and uniformly mixing the infrared high-emission inorganic particles, the NaSCN solution and the surface treating agent, then blending with polyacrylonitrile, melting, extruding and granulating to obtain the acrylic fiber with the infrared high-emission function.
The sheath-core structure composite fiber (acrylic fiber and polyester composite fiber with the titer of 2D) with the cross section in the shape of a Chinese character 'mi' is obtained by a spinning component in the shape of a Chinese character 'mi', the sheath-core structure composite fiber with the cross section in the shape of a Chinese character 'mi' is flatly paved on a steel wire mesh and is placed in a plasma processing chamber, the output power is adjusted to 1200w, and when the pressure reaches 40pa, argon is introduced for processing for 30 s. Then immersing the mixture into mixed alkali solution with the concentration of 10g/L at the temperature of 80 ℃ for treatment for 5min, taking out the mixture, washing the mixture by water to be neutral, and drying the mixture to obtain the catalyst. Wherein the concentration of sodium hydroxide in the mixed alkali solution is 4g/L, and the concentration of sodium bicarbonate is 6 g/L.
The silver nanowire/nanoscale porous polyethylene composite fiber is prepared by the following method:
(1) the raw material ratio is as follows: the raw materials comprise, by weight, 3 parts of silver nanowire ethanol solution (5 g/L), 100 parts of nano-scale porous polyethylene fiber and 6 parts of cross-linking agent (1, 2,3, 4-butanetetracarboxylic acid sold in the market);
(2) mixing materials: uniformly mixing the silver nanowire ethanol solution and the cross-linking agent, then soaking the nano-scale porous polyethylene fiber in the mixed solution for 25min, and drying for 10min at 65 ℃; repeating the impregnation-drying process for 10 times, and performing hot pressing process (at 110 deg.C and 10MPa for 5 min) to obtain the composite fiber.
The daytime radiation refrigeration outdoor blanket prepared by the embodiment is completed through a special accessory attached to an infrared spectrometer, and the total-wavelength infrared spectrometer with an integrating sphere accessory is adopted to test the reflectivity of a sunlight waveband (0.3-2.5 mu m) and the emissivity of a middle infrared waveband (2.5-18.5 mu m) of the composite film. The solar reflectance of the blanket for daytime radiant cooling outdoor use was measured to be 95.8%. The mid-infrared emissivity is 0.95.
The temperature of the felt drops by about 4.8 deg.c relative to ambient temperature.
Example 3:
a daytime radiation refrigeration outdoor blanket preparation method, regard acrylic fibres/dacron composite fibre with infrared high emission function as the pile yarn, silver nanometer line/nanometer porous polyethylene composite fibre weaves on the double needle bar raschel warp knitting machine as the bottom yarn to get final product; the acrylic fiber/polyester composite fiber is a sheath-core structure composite fiber, wherein the core layer is polyester, and the sheath layer is acrylic fiber with an infrared emission function; the mass percent of the cortex layer of the acrylic fiber/polyester fiber composite fiber is 80%, and the mass percent of the core layer is 20%;
the acrylic fiber with the infrared high-emission function is prepared by the following method:
(1) the raw material ratio is as follows: 100 parts of polyacrylonitrile and high infrared emission inorganic particles (SiO) by weight2And HfO2Commercially available) 8 parts, 5 parts of NaSCN solution (0.1 mol/L), and 4 parts of surface treatment agent (commercially available polyacrylamide);
(2) mixing materials: and uniformly mixing the infrared high-emission inorganic particles, the NaSCN solution and the surface treating agent, then blending with polyacrylonitrile, melting, extruding and granulating to obtain the acrylic fiber with the infrared high-emission function.
The cross-shaped spinning assembly is used for obtaining the skin-core structure composite fiber (acrylic fiber and polyester composite fiber, the fineness is 2D) with the cross-shaped section, the skin-core structure composite fiber with the cross-shaped section is flatly laid on a steel wire mesh and placed in a plasma processing chamber, the output power is adjusted to 1200w, and when the pressure reaches 40pa, argon is introduced to process for 30 s. Then immersing the mixture into mixed alkali solution with the concentration of 10g/L at the temperature of 80 ℃ for treatment for 5min, taking out the mixture, washing the mixture by water to be neutral, and drying the mixture to obtain the catalyst. Wherein the concentration of sodium hydroxide in the mixed alkali solution is 4g/L, and the concentration of sodium bicarbonate is 6 g/L.
The silver nanowire/nanoscale porous polyethylene composite fiber is prepared by the following method:
(1) the raw material ratio is as follows: 4 parts of silver nanowire ethanol solution (5 g/L), 100 parts of nano-scale porous polyethylene fiber and 7 parts of cross-linking agent (1, 2,3, 4-butanetetracarboxylic acid sold in the market);
(2) mixing materials: uniformly mixing the silver nanowire ethanol solution and the cross-linking agent, then soaking the nano-scale porous polyethylene fiber in the mixed solution for 25min, and drying for 10min at 65 ℃; repeating the impregnation-drying process for 10 times, and performing hot pressing process (at 110 deg.C and 10MPa for 5 min) to obtain the composite fiber.
The daytime radiation refrigeration outdoor blanket prepared by the embodiment is completed through a special accessory attached to an infrared spectrometer, and the total-wavelength infrared spectrometer with an integrating sphere accessory is adopted to test the reflectivity of a sunlight waveband (0.3-2.5 mu m) and the emissivity of a middle infrared waveband (2.5-18.5 mu m) of the composite film. The solar reflectance of the blanket for daytime radiant cooling outdoor use was measured to be 91.2%. The mid-infrared emissivity is 0.91.
The temperature of the felt drops by about 3.8 deg.c relative to ambient temperature.
Example 4:
a daytime radiation refrigeration outdoor blanket is woven by taking acrylic fiber/polyester composite fiber with an infrared high-emission function as wool yarn and silver nanowire/nanoscale porous polyethylene composite fiber as bottom yarn on a double-needle bed Raschel warp knitting machine; the acrylic fiber/polyester composite fiber is a sheath-core structure composite fiber, wherein the core layer is polyester, and the sheath layer is acrylic fiber with an infrared emission function; the mass percent of the cortex layer of the acrylic/polyester composite fiber is 85 percent, and the mass percent of the core layer is 15 percent;
the acrylic fiber with the infrared high-emission function is prepared by the following method:
(1) the raw material ratio is as follows: 100 parts of polyacrylonitrile and high infrared emission inorganic particles (SiO) by weight2And ZnO2Commercially available) 8 parts, NaSCN solution (0.1 mol/L) 5 parts, surface treatment agent (polypropylene)Commercially available enamine) 6 parts;
(2) mixing materials: and uniformly mixing the infrared high-emission inorganic particles, the NaSCN solution and the surface treating agent, then blending with polyacrylonitrile, melting, extruding and granulating to obtain the acrylic fiber with the infrared high-emission function.
The cross-shaped spinning assembly is used for obtaining the skin-core structure composite fiber (acrylic fiber and polyester composite fiber, the fineness is 2D) with the cross-shaped section, the skin-core structure composite fiber with the cross-shaped section is flatly laid on a steel wire mesh and placed in a plasma processing chamber, the output power is adjusted to 1200w, and when the pressure reaches 40pa, argon is introduced to process for 30 s. Then immersing the mixture into mixed alkali solution with the concentration of 10g/L at the temperature of 80 ℃ for treatment for 5min, taking out the mixture, washing the mixture by water to be neutral, and drying the mixture to obtain the catalyst. Wherein the concentration of sodium hydroxide in the mixed alkali solution is 4g/L, and the concentration of sodium bicarbonate is 6 g/L.
The silver nanowire/nanoscale porous polyethylene composite fiber is prepared by the following method:
(1) the raw material ratio is as follows: the raw materials comprise, by weight, 4 parts of silver nanowire ethanol solution, 100 parts of nano-scale porous polyethylene fiber and 7 parts of cross-linking agent (1, 2,3, 4-butanetetracarboxylic acid is commercially available);
(2) mixing materials: uniformly mixing the silver nanowire ethanol solution and the cross-linking agent, then soaking the nano-scale porous polyethylene fiber in the mixed solution for 25min, and drying for 10min at 65 ℃; repeating the impregnation-drying process for 10 times, and performing hot pressing process (at 110 deg.C and 10MPa for 5 min) to obtain the composite fiber.
The daytime radiation refrigeration outdoor blanket prepared by the embodiment is completed through a special accessory attached to an infrared spectrometer, and the total-wavelength infrared spectrometer with an integrating sphere accessory is adopted to test the reflectivity of a sunlight waveband (0.3-2.5 mu m) and the emissivity of a middle infrared waveband (2.5-18.5 mu m) of the composite film. The solar reflectance of the blanket for daytime radiant cooling outdoor use was measured to be 89%. The mid-infrared emissivity is 0.85.
The temperature of the felt drops by about 3 deg.c relative to the ambient temperature.
Control group:
a blanket is woven by taking common acrylic fiber/polyester composite fiber as wool yarn and silver nanowire/nano-scale porous polyethylene composite fiber as bottom yarn on a double needle bed Raschel warp knitting machine; the acrylic fiber/polyester composite fiber is a sheath-core structure composite fiber, wherein the core layer is polyester, and the sheath layer is common acrylic fiber; the mass percent of the cortex layer of the acrylic/polyester composite fiber is 75 percent, and the mass percent of the core layer is 25 percent;
the sheath-core structure composite fiber (acrylic fiber and polyester fiber composite fiber with the fineness of 2D) with the cross section in the shape of a Chinese character 'mi' is obtained by the spinning component in the shape of a Chinese character 'mi' without air plasma treatment and alkali decrement treatment.
The control blanket is only a common blanket, and compared with the embodiment 2, the blanket has poor radiation cooling effect and does not generate temperature difference with the ambient temperature.
The solar reflectivity (> 90%) and the infrared emissivity (> 0.9) of the embodiment example 2 of the daytime radiation refrigerating outdoor blanket are best, and the temperature is reduced by about 4.8 ℃ relative to the ambient temperature. The blanket for outdoor use has the effects of radiation refrigeration, and also has other performances of antibiosis, ventilation, comfort and the like, conforms to the concept of healthy life of modern people, and brings new social benefit and economic benefit.
The above-described embodiments are only preferred embodiments of the present invention, and are not intended to limit the present invention in any way, and other variations and modifications may be made without departing from the spirit of the invention as set forth in the claims.
Claims (10)
1. The daytime radiation refrigeration outdoor blanket is characterized in that the blanket is woven by taking acrylic fiber/polyester composite fiber with an infrared high-emission function as down yarn and silver nanowire/nanoscale porous polyethylene composite fiber as bottom yarn on a double-needle bed Raschel warp knitting machine; the acrylic fiber/polyester composite fiber with the infrared high-emission function is of a skin-core structure, wherein the polyester is used as a core layer, the acrylic fiber with the infrared emission function is used as a skin layer, the mass percent of the skin layer is 70-80%, and the mass percent of the core layer is 20-30%; the acrylic fiber/polyester fiber composite fiber with the infrared high-emission function is used after post-treatment, and the post-treatment comprises the following steps: firstly, air plasma etching treatment is carried out, then alkali decrement treatment is carried out, water washing is carried out until the water is neutral, and drying is carried out.
2. The daily radiation refrigeration outdoor blanket as claimed in claim 1, wherein the acrylic/polyester composite fiber with the infrared high emission function is prepared by the following steps:
preparation of acrylic master batch with infrared high-emission function
(1) The raw material ratio is as follows: 90-100 parts of polyacrylonitrile, 5-10 parts of infrared high-emission inorganic particles, 3-8 parts of NaSCN solution and 2-5 parts of surface treating agent;
(2) mixing materials: uniformly mixing the infrared high-emission inorganic particles, the NaSCN solution and the surface treating agent, then blending with polyacrylonitrile, melting, extruding and granulating to obtain acrylic fiber master batches with the infrared high-emission function;
preparation of composite fiber
(3) Compounding: and the polyester is used as a core layer, the acrylic fiber with the infrared emission function is used as a skin layer, the dried polyester chip and the acrylic fiber master batch with the infrared high emission function are respectively melted and then enter a composite spinning assembly, and the sprayed filament bundle is cooled to obtain the acrylic fiber/polyester composite fiber with the skin-core structure and the infrared high emission function.
3. The daily radiant cooling outdoor blanket as claimed in claim 2, wherein the infrared high-emission particles are SiO2、ZnO、ZrO2、TiO2、HfO2、NiSO4、MgSO4One or more of (a).
4. The daily radiant cooling outdoor blanket as claimed in claim 2, wherein the surface treatment agent is one or more of polyacrylamide, potassium polyacrylate, sodium polyacrylate, zinc polyacrylate and aluminum polyacrylate.
5. The daily radiation refrigeration outdoor carpet as claimed in claim 1, wherein the silver nanowire/nano-scale porous polyethylene composite fiber is prepared by the following steps:
(1) the raw material ratio is as follows: the silver nanowire/polyethylene composite material comprises, by weight, 1-5 parts of a silver nanowire ethanol solution, 100 parts of a nanoscale porous polyethylene fiber and 2-10 parts of a cross-linking agent;
(2) mixing materials: uniformly mixing the silver nanowire ethanol solution and a cross-linking agent to form a mixed solution, then soaking the nano-scale porous polyethylene fiber in the mixed solution for 20-30 min, and drying at 60-70 ℃ for 10-15 min; repeating the dipping-drying operation for 8-12 times; finally, the silver nanowire/nano-scale porous polyethylene composite fiber is obtained through hot pressing process treatment.
6. The daytime radiation refrigerating outdoor carpet as recited in claim 5, wherein the crosslinking agent is one or more of 1,2,3, 4-butanetetracarboxylic acid, dimethylolethyleneurea, polymaleic acid-vinyl alcohol-acrylic acid.
7. The daily radiation refrigeration outdoor carpet as recited in claim 5, wherein the hot pressing process comprises: and treating for 3-6 min at the temperature of 100-120 ℃ and the pressure of 10-15 MPa.
8. The daily radiation refrigeration outdoor blanket as claimed in claim 1, wherein the specific process of the air plasma etching treatment is as follows: and placing the acrylic fiber/polyester fiber composite fiber in a plasma treatment chamber, adjusting the output power to 1000-2000W, introducing any one of nitrogen, argon, xenon or nitrogen when the pressure reaches 30-60 pa, and treating for 15-30 s.
9. The daily radiation refrigeration outdoor blanket as claimed in claim 1, wherein the alkali decrement treatment is carried out by adopting a mixed alkali solution, the concentration of the mixed alkali solution is 8-15 g/L, the treatment temperature is 80-90 ℃, and the treatment time is 5-10 min; the mixed alkali is composed of strong alkali and alkaline salt, wherein the concentration of the strong alkali is 3-5 g/L, and the concentration of the alkaline salt is 5-10 g/L; the alkali is any one of sodium hydroxide and potassium hydroxide, and the alkaline salt is one or more of sodium bicarbonate, sodium carbonate, sodium phosphate and potassium carbonate.
10. The daytime radiation refrigeration outdoor blanket according to claim 1, wherein the section of the acrylic/polyester composite fiber with the infrared high-emission function is any one of a shape like a Chinese character 'mi', a cross shape and a triangle, and the fineness of the acrylic/polyester composite fiber with the infrared high-emission function is 1.5-3D.
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