CN112721375A - Radiation refrigeration composite fabric, preparation method and device - Google Patents

Radiation refrigeration composite fabric, preparation method and device Download PDF

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Publication number
CN112721375A
CN112721375A CN202011592243.0A CN202011592243A CN112721375A CN 112721375 A CN112721375 A CN 112721375A CN 202011592243 A CN202011592243 A CN 202011592243A CN 112721375 A CN112721375 A CN 112721375A
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fabric
composite fabric
radiation
fiber
tetraethyl silicate
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于墨昕
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Songhu Shenjian Technology Dongguan Co ltd
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Songhu Shenjian Technology Dongguan Co ltd
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B27/00—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin
    • B32B27/32—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin comprising polyolefins
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B27/00—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin
    • B32B27/12—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin next to a fibrous or filamentary layer
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B3/00—Layered products comprising a layer with external or internal discontinuities or unevennesses, or a layer of non-planar shape; Layered products comprising a layer having particular features of form
    • B32B3/02—Layered products comprising a layer with external or internal discontinuities or unevennesses, or a layer of non-planar shape; Layered products comprising a layer having particular features of form characterised by features of form at particular places, e.g. in edge regions
    • B32B3/08—Layered products comprising a layer with external or internal discontinuities or unevennesses, or a layer of non-planar shape; Layered products comprising a layer having particular features of form characterised by features of form at particular places, e.g. in edge regions characterised by added members at particular parts
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B37/00—Methods or apparatus for laminating, e.g. by curing or by ultrasonic bonding
    • B32B37/14—Methods or apparatus for laminating, e.g. by curing or by ultrasonic bonding characterised by the properties of the layers
    • B32B37/24—Methods or apparatus for laminating, e.g. by curing or by ultrasonic bonding characterised by the properties of the layers with at least one layer not being coherent before laminating, e.g. made up from granular material sprinkled onto a substrate
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B38/00—Ancillary operations in connection with laminating processes
    • B32B38/16—Drying; Softening; Cleaning
    • B32B38/164—Drying
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B5/00—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts
    • B32B5/02—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by structural features of a fibrous or filamentary layer
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B5/00—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts
    • B32B5/22—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by the presence of two or more layers which are next to each other and are fibrous, filamentary, formed of particles or foamed
    • B32B5/24—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by the presence of two or more layers which are next to each other and are fibrous, filamentary, formed of particles or foamed one layer being a fibrous or filamentary layer
    • B32B5/26—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by the presence of two or more layers which are next to each other and are fibrous, filamentary, formed of particles or foamed one layer being a fibrous or filamentary layer another layer next to it also being fibrous or filamentary
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D06M—TREATMENT, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE IN CLASS D06, OF FIBRES, THREADS, YARNS, FABRICS, FEATHERS OR FIBROUS GOODS MADE FROM SUCH MATERIALS
    • D06M11/00—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with inorganic substances or complexes thereof; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment, e.g. mercerising
    • D06M11/77—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with inorganic substances or complexes thereof; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment, e.g. mercerising with silicon or compounds thereof
    • D06M11/79—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with inorganic substances or complexes thereof; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment, e.g. mercerising with silicon or compounds thereof with silicon dioxide, silicic acids or their salts
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B37/00—Methods or apparatus for laminating, e.g. by curing or by ultrasonic bonding
    • B32B37/14—Methods or apparatus for laminating, e.g. by curing or by ultrasonic bonding characterised by the properties of the layers
    • B32B37/24—Methods or apparatus for laminating, e.g. by curing or by ultrasonic bonding characterised by the properties of the layers with at least one layer not being coherent before laminating, e.g. made up from granular material sprinkled onto a substrate
    • B32B2037/243—Coating
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2255/00—Coating on the layer surface
    • B32B2255/02—Coating on the layer surface on fibrous or filamentary layer
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2255/00—Coating on the layer surface
    • B32B2255/24—Organic non-macromolecular coating
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2262/00—Composition or structural features of fibres which form a fibrous or filamentary layer or are present as additives
    • B32B2262/02—Synthetic macromolecular fibres
    • B32B2262/0253—Polyolefin fibres
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2262/00—Composition or structural features of fibres which form a fibrous or filamentary layer or are present as additives
    • B32B2262/02—Synthetic macromolecular fibres
    • B32B2262/0261—Polyamide fibres
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2262/00—Composition or structural features of fibres which form a fibrous or filamentary layer or are present as additives
    • B32B2262/02—Synthetic macromolecular fibres
    • B32B2262/0276—Polyester fibres
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2262/00—Composition or structural features of fibres which form a fibrous or filamentary layer or are present as additives
    • B32B2262/06—Vegetal fibres
    • B32B2262/062—Cellulose fibres, e.g. cotton
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2307/00—Properties of the layers or laminate
    • B32B2307/70—Other properties
    • B32B2307/724—Permeability to gases, adsorption
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D06M—TREATMENT, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE IN CLASS D06, OF FIBRES, THREADS, YARNS, FABRICS, FEATHERS OR FIBROUS GOODS MADE FROM SUCH MATERIALS
    • D06M2101/00—Chemical constitution of the fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, to be treated
    • D06M2101/16—Synthetic fibres, other than mineral fibres
    • D06M2101/30—Synthetic polymers consisting of macromolecular compounds obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
    • D06M2101/34—Polyamides

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Textile Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical Or Physical Treatment Of Fibers (AREA)

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of new materials, in particular to a radiation refrigeration composite fabric, a preparation method and a device. The radiation-cooled composite fabric comprises a fiber fabric; and silica microspheres uniformly covering the surface of the fiber fabric; wherein, the silicon dioxide microspheres are prepared by the hydrolysis reaction of 5-50% tetraethyl silicate solution and 1-10% alkaline solution. The preparation process is simple, easy to implement and low in cost, and the prepared radiation refrigeration composite fabric has high emissivity on infrared light with the wavelength of 8-13 mu m, obvious cooling effect and good flexibility and air permeability, is a passive cooling fabric with excellent comprehensive performance, and can be widely applied to sun-proof clothes, sunshades, tents, automobile protection covers and the like. The silica microspheres are directly formed on the fiber surface by in-situ hydrolysis, so that the bonding strength of the silica microspheres and the fibers is high, the silica microspheres are not easy to fall off, and the problem that powder is easy to fall off when the conventional silica microspheres are directly impregnated by using a silica microsphere suspension is solved, which is the greatest benefit of the invention.

Description

Radiation refrigeration composite fabric, preparation method and device
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of new materials, in particular to a radiation refrigeration composite fabric, a preparation method and a device.
Background
With the increasing trend of global warming, the cooling technology is more and more concerned by people, and the adoption of air-conditioning cooling is a common means, so that a large amount of energy consumption is caused. Active cooling technologies such as air conditioners and the like have high energy consumption, so passive cooling technologies are promoted, wherein radiation refrigeration is the main mode. As the space outside the atmosphere is close to absolute zero, the natural huge refrigeration house can discharge heat on the ground to the space in the form of electromagnetic waves, thereby achieving the aim of refrigeration without energy consumption. The electromagnetic wave with the wavelength of 8-13 mu m has high transmittance in the atmosphere, can radiate to the outside space without other shielding objects, and cannot cause the temperature rise of the atmosphere near the earth surface, so the infrared light emission with the wavelength of 8-13 mu m is the main focused index of radiation refrigeration.
The utility model with the application number of CN201920675305.0 discloses a radiation cooling material, with dielectric material powder dispersion in polymer stratum basale, both sides composite packaging layer and protective layer reach printing opacity and radiation refrigeration's dual effect, but the composite material of this kind of method preparation has the poor problem of gas permeability, consequently, how to improve the technical problem that the poor problem of gas permeability exists in current radiation cooling material becomes in order to continue to solve.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a radiation cooling composite fabric, a preparation method and a device, which aim to solve the problem of poor air permeability of the existing radiation cooling material.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
in one aspect of the present invention, there is provided a radiation-cooled composite fabric comprising:
a fiber fabric; and
silica microspheres uniformly covering the surface of the fiber fabric;
wherein, the silicon dioxide microspheres are prepared by the hydrolysis reaction of 5-50% tetraethyl silicate solution and 1-10% alkaline solution.
Preferably, the silica microspheres have a diameter of 0.5 to 5 μm.
Preferably, the fiber fabric is one of cotton cloth, terylene, chinlon, polypropylene fiber or acrylic fiber, and the gram weight is 20-100 g.
Preferably, the alkaline solution is ammonia.
In another aspect, there is provided a method for preparing an in situ hydrolysis of a radiation-cooled composite fabric as described above, comprising:
respectively preparing tetraethyl silicate solution and alkaline solution; and
and (3) attaching the tetraethyl silicate solution and the alkaline solution to the surface of the fiber fabric by a dipping or spraying mode to carry out in-situ hydrolysis reaction for 1-10min, wherein the in-situ hydrolysis reaction product is silicon dioxide microspheres, and drying the excess water and the solvent to obtain the radiation cooling composite fabric with the surface uniformly covered with the silicon dioxide microspheres.
Preferably, the solvent of the tetraethyl silicate solution is ethanol, wherein the concentration of solute tetraethyl silicate is 5-50%.
Preferably, the alkaline solution is ammonia water, and the concentration of the ammonia water is 1-10%.
Preferably, when the hydrolysis reaction is carried out by spraying to prepare the silicon dioxide microspheres, the spraying amount of the tetraethyl silicate solution in the fiber fabric per unit area is 50-300g/m2The spraying amount of the ammonia water in the unit area of the fiber fabric is 50-300g/m2。
Preferably, when the hydrolysis reaction is carried out by the dipping mode to prepare the silicon dioxide microspheres, the average consumption of the tetraethyl silicate solution in the unit area of the fiber fabric is 50-300g/m2The average consumption of ammonia water in the fiber fabric per unit area is 50-300g/m2。
On the other hand, the radiation refrigeration device comprises a heat insulation layer, the radiation refrigeration composite fabric, the sunlight reflection layer and the far infrared light transmission layer which are sequentially stacked.
Preferably, the heat insulation layer is made of polyurethane foam, polystyrene foam or phenolic resin foam, and is used for binding and fixing the radiation refrigeration composite fabric, the sunlight reflection layer and the far infrared light transmission layer, and reducing the transmission of external heat to the radiation refrigeration composite fabric to form a cold air interval.
Preferably, the solar light reflecting layer is a fiber fabric containing a metal coating, the metal coating is aluminum, nickel or zinc, the coating is prepared by magnetron sputtering or electroplating, and the fiber fabric is cotton cloth, polyester, chinlon, polypropylene fiber or acrylic fiber.
Preferably, the far infrared light transmission layer is a polyethylene or polypropylene film.
The preparation method is simple and easy, has low cost, is beneficial to large-scale and continuous production, and the prepared radiation refrigeration composite fabric and the application device have obvious cooling effect, can keep the original flexibility and air permeability of the fabric, and simultaneously, the silicon dioxide microspheres synthesized by the in-situ hydrolysis method are uniformly and firmly attached to the surface of the fabric fiber, thereby ensuring the use reliability and the durability of the refrigeration effect.
The invention is further described with reference to the following figures and examples.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a scanning electron microscope photograph of a radiation-cooled composite fabric prepared in example 1.
Fig. 2 is a schematic structural view of a radiation-cooled composite fabric prepared in example 1.
Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of a radiation-cooled composite fabric application device.
Legend: 1. a thermal insulation layer; 2. a radiation-cooled composite fabric; 3. a solar light reflecting layer; 4. a far infrared light transmission layer; 21. a textile fiber; 22. silica microspheres.
Detailed Description
The invention provides a radiation refrigeration composite fabric, a preparation method and a device. In order that the invention may be more readily understood, reference will now be made to the following more particular description of the invention, examples of which are set forth below. This invention may, however, be embodied in many different forms and should not be construed as limited to the embodiments set forth herein. These embodiments are provided so that this disclosure will be thorough and complete. The various starting materials used in the examples are, unless otherwise indicated, conventional commercial products.
Unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention belongs. The terminology used in the description of the invention herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of the invention. As used herein, the term "and/or" includes any and all combinations of one or more of the associated listed items.
The numerical values set forth in the examples of the present invention are approximations, not necessarily values. All values within the error range may be included without limiting to the specific values disclosed in the embodiments of the present invention, where the error or experimental conditions allow.
The numerical ranges disclosed in the examples of the present invention are intended to indicate the relative amounts of the components in the mixture and the ranges of temperatures or other parameters recited in the other method examples.
In one aspect, the present invention provides a radiation-cooled composite fabric comprising:
a fiber fabric; and
silica microspheres uniformly covering the surface of the fiber fabric;
wherein, the silicon dioxide microspheres are prepared by in-situ hydrolysis reaction of 5-50% tetraethyl silicate solution and 1-10% alkaline solution.
In this embodiment, the radiation-cooled composite fabric comprises a fiber fabric and silica microspheres uniformly covering the surface of the fiber fabric. Wherein the fiber fabric is one of cotton cloth, terylene, chinlon, polypropylene fiber or acrylic fiber, and the gram weight is 20-100 g. And (3) performing hydrolysis reaction on the tetraethyl silicate solution and the alkaline solution to obtain silicon dioxide microspheres adhered to the surface of the fiber fabric, wherein the diameter of the silicon dioxide microspheres is 0.5-5 mu m.
The concrete scheme of the invention is that tetraethyl silicate solution with the concentration of 5-50 percent and alkaline solution with the concentration of 1-10 percent are attached to the surface of the fiber fabric in a spraying or dipping mode to carry out in-situ hydrolysis reaction to obtain silicon dioxide microspheres with the diameter of 0.5-5 mu m, and the using amount of the tetraethyl silicate solution in the fiber fabric per unit area is 50-300g/m2The usage amount of ammonia water in the fiber fabric per unit area is 50-300g/m2. Tests show that the silica microspheres prepared by the scheme of the invention can be uniformly and firmly attached to the fiber surfaces of the fiber fabrics without filling the gaps among the fibers of the fiber fabrics, so that the fiber fabrics have an outstanding radiation refrigeration function and simultaneously maintain the original air permeability of the fiber fabrics. Thereby solving the problem of poor air permeability of the composite material in the prior art.
It is explained that the refractive index of the silica microspheres to visible light is greatly different from that of air, and meanwhile, the prepared silica microspheres have mie scattering to the visible light, so that sunlight can be effectively scattered, and the temperature rise caused by absorbing light can be reduced. The fiber fabric has a plurality of absorption groups in an infrared band, and has high radiance in the infrared band due to the three-dimensional porous structure of the fabric, and the silica microspheres have phonon-polariton resonance in the infrared band, so that the fiber fabric has high radiance in an atmospheric window of 8-13 mu m. The silicon dioxide microspheres are distributed on the surface of the fabric, so that the radiance of the system in an infrared band can be improved, and absorbed sunlight can be effectively radiated, thereby achieving the purpose of cooling.
The preparation process is simple, easy to implement and low in cost, and the prepared radiation refrigeration composite fabric has high emissivity on infrared light with the wavelength of 8-13 mu m, obvious cooling effect and good flexibility and air permeability, is a passive cooling fabric with excellent comprehensive performance, and can be widely applied to sun-proof clothes, sunshades, tents, automobile protection covers and the like. The silica microspheres are directly formed on the fiber surface by in-situ hydrolysis, so that the bonding strength of the silica microspheres and the fibers is high, the silica microspheres are not easy to fall off, and the problem that powder is easy to fall off when the conventional silica microspheres are directly impregnated by using a silica microsphere suspension is solved, which is the greatest benefit of the invention. The application device manufactured by the prepared radiation refrigeration composite fabric can be used for cooling tents, automobiles, buildings and the like, and the cooling amplitude can reach more than 10 ℃.
In another aspect, the present invention provides a method for preparing a radiation-cooled composite fabric, comprising:
respectively preparing tetraethyl silicate solution and alkaline solution; and
and (3) attaching the tetraethyl silicate solution and the alkaline solution to the surface of the fiber fabric by a dipping or spraying mode to carry out in-situ hydrolysis reaction for 1-10min, wherein the in-situ hydrolysis reaction product is silicon dioxide microspheres, and drying the excess water and the solvent to obtain the radiation cooling composite fabric with the surface uniformly covered with the silicon dioxide microspheres.
In the embodiment, tetraethyl silicate with a certain mass is weighed and dissolved in absolute ethyl alcohol with a certain mass to prepare tetraethyl silicate ethanol solution with a certain concentration, and the tetraethyl silicate ethanol solution is placed in an air pressure spray gun for standby; measuring a certain volume of strong ammonia water (mass fraction is 25 percent), adding a certain amount of pure water for dilution, preparing an ammonia solution with a certain concentration, and placing the ammonia solution in a pneumatic spray gun for later use; spreading a certain area of fiber fabric, spraying a certain mass of prepared tetraethyl silicate ethanol solution and ammonia solution on the fabric in sequence or simultaneously, after the in-situ hydrolysis reaction completely occurs, forming uniform and firmly-covered silicon dioxide microspheres on the surface of the fiber, and drying at 60 ℃ to remove excessive water and solvent, thus obtaining the radiation refrigeration composite fabric.
Wherein the solvent of the tetraethyl silicate solution is ethanol, and the concentration of solute tetraethyl silicate is 5-50%. The alkaline solution is ammonia water, and the concentration of the ammonia water is 1-10%. The spraying amount of the tetraethyl silicate solution in the unit area of the fiber fabric is 50-300g/m2The spraying amount of the ammonia water in the unit area of the fiber fabric is 50-300g/m2。
It should be noted that, when the in-situ hydrolysis reaction is performed to prepare the silica microspheres on the fiber surface, the tetraethyl silicate solution may be sprayed first, the ammonia water may be sprayed first, or both the solutions may be sprayed simultaneously.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF EMBODIMENT (S) OF INVENTION
Embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to examples 1-7, but it will be understood by those skilled in the art that the following examples are only illustrative of the present invention and should not be construed as limiting the scope of the present invention. The examples, in which specific conditions are not specified, were conducted under conventional conditions or conditions recommended by the manufacturer. The reagents or instruments used are not indicated by the manufacturer, and are all conventional products commercially available.
Example 1: weighing 30g of tetraethyl silicate and 120g of absolute ethyl alcohol by using a beaker, adding the tetraethyl silicate into the absolute ethyl alcohol, and uniformly stirring to prepare 150g of 20% tetraethyl silicate ethanol solution; 30g of industrial strong ammonia water with the mass fraction of 25% is weighed by a beaker, 120g of water is added and stirred evenly, and 150g of ammonia solution with the concentration of 5% is prepared. Spreading nylon cloth with a weight of 40g and a size of 1m × 1m, i.e. spraying amount of tetraethyl silicate solution and ammonia solution is 150g/m2Respectively placing the prepared tetraethyl silicate solution and ammonia solution in an air pressure spray gun, uniformly spraying the tetraethyl silicate solution and the ammonia solution on nylon cloth, carrying out hydrolysis reaction for 1min, and drying at the temperature of 60 ℃ to prepare the radiation refrigeration composite fabric. Observing the shape of the silicon dioxide microspheres by a microscope, measuring the size of the silicon dioxide microspheres, testing the air permeability of the composite fabric according to the national standard GB-T5453-1997 determination of the air permeability of the textile fabric, testing the infrared emissivity of the composite fabric according to the national standard GJB 8700-2015-measurement method of the infrared radiance, and integrating the radiation spectrum of the composite fabric according to the Planck's law to calculate the radiation power of the composite fabric. Sequentially flattening a polyethylene film with the size of 1m multiplied by 1m, a silicon dioxide composite fabric and aluminized nylon clothAnd (4) paving and stacking, and performing edge sealing treatment on four sides by using polyurethane heat-insulating cotton to obtain the radiation refrigeration composite fabric application device. The cooling effect is measured by the temperature reduction of an object covered by the composite fabric in sunlight, the temperature reduction is obtained by measuring the temperature of the object covered by the prepared radiation refrigeration composite fabric and the common fabric under the same environmental condition by using an infrared thermometer and calculating the temperature difference.
The average size of the silica microspheres prepared in this example is 500nm, as shown in fig. 1, a scanning electron microscope photograph of the radiation-cooled composite fabric prepared in this example is shown, and it can be seen from the figure that the silica microspheres are uniformly distributed on the surface of the fabric fibers, and the air permeability of the composite fabric is 180 mL/(cm)2Min), 200 mL/(cm) of untreated nylon cloth2Min), good flexibility, no particle drop, infrared emissivity of 93% at a wavelength of 8-13 μm, and radiation power of 105W/m2The temperature drop is 10 ℃.
Example 2: the concentration of the tetraethyl silicate solution in this example was 50%, and the remaining conditions were the same as those in example 1.
The average size of the silica microspheres prepared in the example is 2000nm, and the air permeability of the composite fabric is 146 mL/(cm)2Min), the infrared emissivity of 8-13 μm wavelength is 87%, and the radiation power is 91W/m2The temperature is reduced to 8 ℃. Compared with the embodiment example 1, the method has the advantages that the size of the obtained silicon dioxide microspheres is increased, the air permeability of the composite fabric is reduced, the infrared emissivity and the radiation power are reduced, the cooling effect is poor, and meanwhile, the flexibility of the composite fabric is poor.
Example 3: the concentration of the tetraethyl silicate solution in this example was 5%, and the remaining conditions were the same as those in example 1.
The average size of the silica microspheres prepared in the example is 280nm, and the air permeability of the composite fabric is 185 mL/(cm)2Min), the infrared emissivity of 8-13 μm wavelength is 79%, the radiation power is 84W/m2The temperature drop was 7 ℃. In contrast to example 1, it was found that by reducing the concentration of tetraethyl silicate solution, the resulting silica microspheres were reduced in sizeThe air permeability of the composite fabric is slightly increased, but the infrared light emissivity is reduced, and the radiation power is reduced.
Example 4: the amount of tetraethyl silicate solution used in this example was 50g/m2The remaining conditions were the same as those in practical example 1.
The average size of the silica microspheres prepared in the example is 440nm, and the air permeability of the composite fabric is 192 mL/(cm)2Min), infrared emissivity of 8-13 μm wavelength is 70%, radiation power is 75W/m2The temperature is reduced to 5 ℃. Compared with the embodiment 1, the method has the advantages that on the premise of the same concentration, the use amount of the tetraethyl silicate solution is reduced, the size of the obtained silica microspheres is slightly reduced, the generation amount of silica is reduced, the air permeability of the composite fabric is increased, and the infrared light emissivity and the radiation power are obviously reduced.
Example 5: the amount of tetraethyl silicate solution used in this example was 300g/m2The remaining conditions were the same as those in practical example 1.
The average size of the silica microspheres prepared in the example is 620nm, and the air permeability of the composite fabric is 88 mL/(cm)2Min), infrared emissivity of 8-13 μm wavelength is 94%, radiation power is 110W/m2The temperature drop is 10 ℃. Compared with the embodiment 1, the method has the advantages that on the premise of the same concentration, the size of the obtained silica microspheres is slightly increased, the generation amount of silica is increased, but the air permeability of the composite fabric is obviously reduced, the flexibility is poor, and partial silica particles fall off.
Example 6: the concentration of the ammonia solution in this example was 10%, and the other conditions were the same as in example 1.
The average size of the silica microspheres prepared in the example is 560nm, and the air permeability of the composite fabric is 171 mL/(cm)2Min), infrared emissivity of 91% with a wavelength of 8-13 μm, radiation power of 100W/m2The temperature drop was 9 ℃. Compared with the embodiment example 1, it can be found that the size of the obtained silicon dioxide microspheres is slightly increased and the air permeability, the infrared emissivity, the radiation power and the cooling effect of the composite fabric are slightly reduced by increasing the concentration of the ammonia solutionBut the variation is not significant.
Example 7: the concentration of the ammonia solution in this example was 1%, and the other conditions were the same as in example 1.
The average size of the silica microspheres prepared in the example is 470nm, and the air permeability of the composite fabric is 183 mL/(cm)2Min), the infrared emissivity of 8-13 μm wavelength is 89%, the radiation power is 97W/m2The temperature drop was 9 ℃. Compared with the embodiment 1, it can be found that the size of the obtained silica microspheres is slightly reduced, the air permeability of the composite fabric is slightly increased, and the infrared emissivity, the radiation power and the cooling effect are slightly reduced by reducing the concentration of the ammonia solution.
By comparing the above examples, it can be seen that when the concentration of the tetraethyl silicate ethanol solution is 20%, the amount is 150g/m2In the process, the prepared radiation cooling composite fabric can keep the air permeability of the original fiber fabric, and has high infrared emissivity, radiation cooling power and excellent cooling effect. When the concentration of tetraethyl silicate is too high, the air permeability, the infrared light emissivity and the radiation refrigeration power of the prepared composite fabric are all reduced, which shows that the air permeability and the cooling effect of the composite fabric are reduced by the obvious increase of the size of the silica microspheres, and even the adhesion effect of silica on fibers is influenced, so that the phenomenon that particles fall off is caused. When the concentration of the tetraethyl silicate is too small or the dosage of the tetraethyl silicate solution is too small, the prepared composite fabric has good air permeability, but the infrared light emissivity and the radiation refrigerating power are obviously reduced, which shows that the prepared silicon dioxide does not completely cover the surface of the fabric fiber due to too small concentration or too small dosage of the tetraethyl silicate solution, and therefore, the cooling effect is reduced. When the usage amount of the tetraethyl silicate solution is too large, the prepared silicon dioxide can fill the pores between the fibers of the fabric, and although a good cooling effect can be obtained, the air permeability of the composite fabric is obviously reduced, the flexibility of the composite fabric is poor, the phenomenon of particle falling occurs, and the durability of the cooling effect is difficult to ensure. The concentration and the dosage of the ammonia solution have little influence on the air permeability and the cooling effect of the composite fabric, but when the concentration is too low, the hydrolysis reaction is slow or the hydrolysis is incomplete. For visually comparing eachExamples the properties of the radiation-cooled composite fabric produced by the examples are tabulated for the parameters and properties of each example, as shown in table 1.
The preparation process is simple, easy to implement and low in cost, and the prepared radiation refrigeration composite fabric has high emissivity on infrared light with the wavelength of 8-13 mu m, obvious cooling effect and good flexibility and air permeability, is a passive cooling fabric with excellent comprehensive performance, and can be widely applied to sun-proof clothes, sunshades, tents, automobile protection covers and the like. The silica microspheres are directly formed on the fiber surface by in-situ hydrolysis, so that the bonding strength of the silica microspheres and the fibers is high, the silica microspheres are not easy to fall off, and the problem that powder is easy to fall off when the conventional silica microspheres are directly impregnated by using a silica microsphere suspension is solved, which is the greatest benefit of the invention. The application device manufactured by the prepared radiation refrigeration composite fabric can be used for cooling tents, automobiles, buildings and the like, and the cooling amplitude can reach more than 10 ℃.
TABLE 1 comparison of radiation-cooled composite fabrics prepared in the examples
Figure BDA0002868986010000101
Figure BDA0002868986010000111
The invention also provides a radiation refrigeration device which comprises a heat insulation layer, a radiation refrigeration composite fabric, a sunlight reflection layer and a far infrared light transmission layer which are sequentially stacked.
Specifically, the heat insulation layer is made of polyurethane foam, polystyrene foam or phenolic resin foam and is used for binding and fixing the radiation refrigeration composite fabric, the sunlight reflection layer and the far infrared light transmission layer, and meanwhile, external heat is reduced to be transmitted to the radiation refrigeration composite fabric, and a certain cold air interval is formed.
The sunlight reflecting layer is made of fiber fabric containing a metal coating, the metal coating is aluminum, nickel or zinc, the coating is prepared by magnetron sputtering or electroplating, and the fiber fabric is cotton cloth, terylene, chinlon, polypropylene fiber or acrylic fiber.
The far infrared light transmission layer is a polyethylene or polypropylene film.
The radiation refrigerating device has simple structure, less investment, no energy consumption and no pollution, can be used for passive cooling of buildings, ships, locomotive shells and the like, can reduce cooling load for buildings with installed air conditioners, plays a role in energy conservation, and can be used for manufacturing portable refrigerators for food preservation and the like in areas without electricity.
Variations and modifications to the above-described embodiments may become apparent to those skilled in the art to which the invention pertains, upon review of the foregoing disclosure and guidance. Therefore, the present invention is not limited to the specific embodiments disclosed and described above, and some modifications and variations of the present invention should fall within the scope of the claims of the present invention. In addition, although specific terms are employed herein, they are used in a generic and descriptive sense only and not for purposes of limitation, as other methods and articles of manufacture similar or equivalent structure are contemplated as falling within the scope of the invention.
The previous description of the disclosed embodiments is provided to enable any person skilled in the art to make or use the present invention. Various modifications to these embodiments will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, and the generic principles defined herein may be applied to other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of the invention. Thus, the present invention is not intended to be limited to the embodiments shown herein but is to be accorded the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.

Claims (12)

1. A radiation-cooled composite fabric, comprising:
a fiber fabric; and
silica microspheres uniformly covering the surface of the fiber fabric;
wherein, the silicon dioxide microspheres are prepared by in-situ hydrolysis reaction of 5-50% tetraethyl silicate solution and 1-10% alkaline solution.
2. The radiant cooling composite fabric as claimed in claim 1, wherein the silica microspheres have a diameter of 0.5-5 μm.
3. The radiant cooling composite fabric as claimed in claim 1, wherein the fiber fabric is one of cotton cloth, polyester, nylon, polypropylene or acrylic, and the gram weight is 20-100 g.
4. The radiant cooling composite fabric as claimed in claim 1, wherein the alkaline solution is ammonia.
5. A method for preparing a radiation-cooled composite fabric by in-situ hydrolysis according to any one of claims 1 to 4, comprising:
respectively preparing tetraethyl silicate solution and alkaline solution; and
and (3) attaching the tetraethyl silicate solution and the alkaline solution to the surface of the fiber fabric by a dipping or spraying mode to carry out in-situ hydrolysis reaction for 1-10min, wherein the in-situ hydrolysis reaction product is silicon dioxide microspheres, and drying the excess water and the solvent to obtain the radiation cooling composite fabric with the surface uniformly covered with the silicon dioxide microspheres.
6. The in-situ hydrolysis preparation method according to claim 5, wherein the solvent of the tetraethyl silicate solution is ethanol, and the concentration of the solute tetraethyl silicate is 5-50%.
7. The method for preparing a radiation refrigeration composite fabric through in-situ hydrolysis, according to claim 5, wherein the alkaline solution is ammonia water, and the concentration of the ammonia water is 1-10%.
8. The in-situ hydrolysis preparation method of claim 5, wherein the solution of tetraethyl silicate per unit area of the fiber fabricThe using amount of (A) is 50-300g/m2The usage amount of ammonia water in the fiber fabric per unit area is 50-300g/m2。
9. A radiant cooling device comprising a heat insulating layer, the radiant cooling composite fabric according to any one of claims 1 to 5, a solar light reflecting layer and an infrared light transmitting layer which are stacked in this order.
10. The radiant cooling device as claimed in claim 9, wherein the heat insulating layer is made of polyurethane foam, polystyrene foam or phenolic resin foam, and is used for fixing the radiant cooling composite fabric, the solar reflection layer and the far infrared light transmission layer while reducing the transmission of external heat to the radiant cooling composite fabric to form a cold air space.
11. A radiant cooling unit as claimed in claim 9, characterized in that the solar reflecting layer is a fabric containing a metal coating of aluminium, nickel or zinc, the coating being made by magnetron sputtering or electroplating, the fabric being cotton, polyester, polyamide, polypropylene or acrylic.
12. A radiant cooling unit as claimed in claim 9, wherein the far infrared light transmitting layer is a polyethylene or polypropylene film.
CN202011592243.0A 2020-12-29 2020-12-29 Radiation refrigeration composite fabric, preparation method and device Pending CN112721375A (en)

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CN113502660A (en) * 2021-09-10 2021-10-15 南通三田纺织有限公司 Cool antibacterial mosquito net fabric and preparation method thereof
CN113802365A (en) * 2021-09-10 2021-12-17 哈尔滨工业大学 Oil stain resistant wearable refrigeration base material for personal heat management and preparation method thereof
CN113827079A (en) * 2021-09-29 2021-12-24 浙江真爱毯业科技有限公司 Outdoor blanket with day radiation refrigeration function
CN115198510A (en) * 2022-07-15 2022-10-18 陕西科技大学 Nano ZnO @ ZIF-8@ SiO 2 Modified fabric with passive radiation cooling property and after-finishing method thereof
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CN105065855A (en) * 2015-07-17 2015-11-18 兰州空间技术物理研究所 Air-ground dual-purpose composite heat insulation structure based on air cooling screen
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CN113502660A (en) * 2021-09-10 2021-10-15 南通三田纺织有限公司 Cool antibacterial mosquito net fabric and preparation method thereof
CN113502660B (en) * 2021-09-10 2021-11-19 南通三田纺织有限公司 Cool antibacterial mosquito net fabric and preparation method thereof
CN113802365A (en) * 2021-09-10 2021-12-17 哈尔滨工业大学 Oil stain resistant wearable refrigeration base material for personal heat management and preparation method thereof
CN113827079A (en) * 2021-09-29 2021-12-24 浙江真爱毯业科技有限公司 Outdoor blanket with day radiation refrigeration function
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CN115198510A (en) * 2022-07-15 2022-10-18 陕西科技大学 Nano ZnO @ ZIF-8@ SiO 2 Modified fabric with passive radiation cooling property and after-finishing method thereof

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Application publication date: 20210430