CN113824490B - Soft switching method based on satellite-to-ground link uplink non-orthogonal multiple access - Google Patents
Soft switching method based on satellite-to-ground link uplink non-orthogonal multiple access Download PDFInfo
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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- H04B7/00—Radio transmission systems, i.e. using radiation field
- H04B7/14—Relay systems
- H04B7/15—Active relay systems
- H04B7/185—Space-based or airborne stations; Stations for satellite systems
- H04B7/1851—Systems using a satellite or space-based relay
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- H04B7/18519—Operations control, administration or maintenance
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
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- H04B7/185—Space-based or airborne stations; Stations for satellite systems
- H04B7/1853—Satellite systems for providing telephony service to a mobile station, i.e. mobile satellite service
- H04B7/18539—Arrangements for managing radio, resources, i.e. for establishing or releasing a connection
- H04B7/18541—Arrangements for managing radio, resources, i.e. for establishing or releasing a connection for handover of resources
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- H04W36/0083—Determination of parameters used for hand-off, e.g. generation or modification of neighbour cell lists
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- H04W36/24—Reselection being triggered by specific parameters
- H04W36/30—Reselection being triggered by specific parameters by measured or perceived connection quality data
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- H04W84/02—Hierarchically pre-organised networks, e.g. paging networks, cellular networks, WLAN [Wireless Local Area Network] or WLL [Wireless Local Loop]
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Abstract
The invention discloses a soft switching method based on satellite-to-ground link uplink non-orthogonal multiple access, which comprises the following steps: s1, acquiring a user with an edge and a user with a center; s2, acquiring an original signal; s3, acquiring the received power and data of all central users from the original signal by a joint interference elimination technology; s4, eliminating the received power of all central users in the total received power to obtain the residual received power; and S5, demodulating and decoding the residual receiving power to obtain the sending signal of the edge user and further obtain the sending data of the edge user. The invention combines the non-orthogonal multiple access technology and the soft switching technology, realizes the satellite-ground dual-connection transmission of the switching user through the interference elimination technology, thereby realizing the combined optimization of the satellite-ground link system throughput and the communication service quality of the switching user.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of communication, in particular to a soft handover method based on satellite-ground link uplink non-orthogonal multiple access.
Background
The low earth orbit satellite communication system plays an important role in realizing global mobile communication and a space-ground integrated network, however, due to the rapid movement of the low earth orbit satellite, the satellite-ground link switching is frequent, the communication service quality of a switching user (edge user) is seriously influenced, and great challenges are brought to the resource allocation of the system and the guarantee of the communication service quality of the user. In the prior art, a method for maximizing network throughput or a method for switching user communication service quality priority is mainly researched, only the trade-off between system throughput and switching user communication service quality can be realized, the compromise between the system throughput and the switching user communication service quality is difficult to realize, and the performance and the application of a low-orbit satellite communication system are greatly limited.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects in the prior art, the soft handover method based on the satellite-ground link uplink non-orthogonal multiple access solves the problem of poor communication quality of the handover user.
In order to achieve the purpose of the invention, the invention adopts the technical scheme that:
a soft handover method based on satellite-to-ground link uplink non-orthogonal multiple access is provided, which comprises the following steps:
s1, obtaining q wave beams with wave beam overlapping areas, and taking all users in the wave beam overlapping areas as a whole to obtain edge users; taking all users in the area where each beam is not overlapped with other beams as a central user to obtain q central users;
s2, acquiring an original signal: dividing the total uplink transmission power of the edge users into q parts, and respectively transmitting data to corresponding beams by using frequency resources of q central users; simultaneously, all central users adopt all power to send data to corresponding beams;
s3, acquiring the received power and data of all central users from the original signal by a joint interference elimination technology;
s4, eliminating the received power of all central users in the total received power to obtain the residual received power;
and S5, demodulating and decoding the residual receiving power to obtain the sending signal of the edge user and further obtain the sending data of the edge user.
Further, the specific method for acquiring q beams with the beam overlapping area in step S1 is as follows:
for any user, judging whether the user only receives one downlink power, and if so, judging that the user is located in a region which is not overlapped with other wave beams; otherwise, judging whether the difference between all downlink maximum powers received by the user reaches 20%, if so, judging that the user is positioned in a beam overlapping area; thereby acquiring a beam having a beam overlap region.
Further, the specific method for acquiring q beams with the beam overlapping area in step S1 is as follows:
and inquiring the satellite timetable by a user, judging whether the satellite timetable is positioned in the beam overlapping area according to the position of the user and the satellite timetable, and acquiring the wave velocity number of the overlapping area.
Further, the specific method of dividing the total uplink transmission power of the edge users into q parts and respectively transmitting data to the corresponding beams by using the frequency resources of q central users in step S2 includes the following substeps:
s2-1, constructing the following optimization problem under the condition of optimal maximum throughput:
whereinRepresenting a constraint; c1, C2, and C3 each represent a frequency resource allocation constraint; c4 and C5 are transmit power constraints; c6 is decoding threshold constraint;is as followsiA wave beam ofmThe resource situation of the individual edge users,indicating that the allocation is to be made,indicating no allocation;representing edge usersmWhether or not in a beamiInside ofAllocating resources on the channel;Mthe total number of edge users is the total number of edge users,mthe number is given to the edge user,is as followsiA first of the beamskA number of channel resources, which are,ifor the purpose of the beam numbering,for edge usersmIn thatThe transmit power on the channel, I is the total number of beams,for the constraint of the total uplink power of the terminal,as a central userjThe signal-to-interference-and-noise ratio of (c),is the lowest signal to interference plus noise ratio threshold,for switching usersmSignal to interference plus noise ratio of;
s2-2, obtaining an iterative expression corresponding to the KKT condition through a Lagrangian dual method:
whereinAre all the lagrange operators and are the lagrange operators,in order to be the step size,hto optimize the problemThe corresponding lagrange equation; subscriptIs as followsnFrequency-multiplexed color of the firstiUnder one beammAn edge user;is as followsnFrequency-multiplexed color of the firstkA sub-channel;lis the iteration number;
s2-3, solving the iterative formula through a gradient descent method to obtain an optimal uplink transmission power distribution scheme and a power and frequency resource matching scheme of the edge users, dividing the total uplink transmission power of the edge users into q parts, and respectively transmitting data to corresponding beams by using the frequency resources of q central users.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: the invention combines the non-orthogonal multiple access technology and the soft switching technology, realizes the satellite-ground dual-connection transmission of the switching user through the interference elimination technology, thereby realizing the combined optimization of the satellite-ground link system throughput and the communication service quality of the switching user.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic flow diagram of the process;
fig. 2 is a schematic view of a satellite-ground link access scenario for a multi-beam low-orbit satellite communication system;
figure 3 is a schematic diagram of a multi-beam joint receiver based on non-orthogonal multiple access;
FIG. 4 is a diagram of soft handover transmission based on non-orthogonal multiple access;
FIG. 5 is a diagram of the relationship between normalized uplink and rate and user h power allocation values under different beam center user channel gain conditions;
FIG. 6 is a diagram of the relationship between normalized uplink and rate and user h power allocation values under different beam center user channel gain conditions;
FIG. 7 is a diagram of the relationship between normalized uplink and rate and user h power allocation values under different beam center user channel gain conditions;
fig. 8 is a diagram of the relationship between the normalized uplink and rate and the user h power allocation value under the condition of different beam center user channel gains.
Detailed Description
The following description of the embodiments of the present invention is provided to facilitate the understanding of the present invention by those skilled in the art, but it should be understood that the present invention is not limited to the scope of the embodiments, and it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various changes may be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as defined and defined in the appended claims, and all matters produced by the invention using the inventive concept are protected.
As shown in fig. 1, fig. 2, fig. 3 and fig. 4, the soft handover method based on satellite-ground link uplink non-orthogonal multiple access includes the following steps:
s1, obtaining q wave beams with wave beam overlapping areas, and taking all users in the wave beam overlapping areas as a whole to obtain edge users; taking all users in the area where each beam is not overlapped with other beams as a central user to obtain q central users; each central user corresponds to one beam, and the number of usable beams of each edge user is the number of overlapped beams;
s2, acquiring an original signal: dividing the total uplink transmission power of the edge users into q parts, and respectively transmitting data to corresponding beams by using frequency resources of q central users; simultaneously, all central users adopt all power to send data to corresponding beams;
s3, acquiring the received power and data of all central users from the original signal by a joint interference elimination technology; the joint interference elimination technology is the prior art and can be realized by a multi-beam joint receiver;
s4, eliminating the received power of all central users in the total received power to obtain the residual received power;
and S5, demodulating and decoding the residual receiving power to obtain the sending signal of the edge user and further obtain the sending data of the edge user.
The specific method for acquiring q beams with the beam overlapping area in step S1 is as follows:
judging whether any user receives only one downlink power, and if so, judging that the user is located in a region which is not overlapped with other beams; otherwise, judging whether the difference between all downlink maximum powers received by the user reaches 20%, if so, judging that the user is positioned in a beam overlapping area; further acquiring a beam with a beam overlapping area;
secondly, inquiring a satellite timetable through a user, judging whether the satellite timetable is positioned in a beam overlapping area according to the position of the user and the satellite timetable, and acquiring the wave velocity number of the overlapping area.
The specific method for dividing the total uplink transmission power of the edge users into q parts and respectively transmitting data to corresponding beams by using the frequency resources of q central users in step S2 includes the following substeps:
s2-1, constructing the following optimization problem under the condition of optimal maximum throughput:
whereinRepresenting a constraint; c1, C2, and C3 each represent a frequency resource allocation constraint; c4 and C5 are transmit power constraints; c6 is decoding threshold constraint;is as followsiA wave beam ofmThe resource situation of the individual edge users,indicating that the allocation is to be made,indicating no allocation;representing edge usersmWhether or not in a beamiInside ofAllocating resources on the channel;Mthe total number of edge users is the total number of edge users,mthe number is given to the edge user,is as followsiA first of the beamskA number of channel resources, which are,ifor the purpose of the beam numbering,for edge usersmIn thatThe transmit power on the channel, I is the total number of beams,for the constraint of the total uplink power of the terminal,as a central userjThe signal-to-interference-and-noise ratio of (c),is the lowest signal to interference plus noise ratio threshold,for switching usersmSignal to interference plus noise ratio (SINR).
S2-2, obtaining an iterative expression corresponding to the KKT condition through a Lagrangian dual method:
whereinAre all the lagrange operators and are the lagrange operators,in order to be the step size,ha lagrange equation corresponding to the optimization problem; subscriptIs as followsnFrequency-multiplexed color of the firstiUnder one beammAn edge user;is as followsnFrequency-multiplexed color of the firstkA sub-channel;lis the iteration number;
s2-3, solving the iterative formula through a gradient descent method to obtain an optimal uplink transmission power distribution scheme and a power and frequency resource matching scheme of the edge users, dividing the total uplink transmission power of the edge users into q parts, and respectively transmitting data to corresponding beams by using the frequency resources of q central users.
In an embodiment of the present invention, before introducing the method, taking maximizing uplink throughput as an example, a system cannot provide uplink resources for a handover user h, and only can serve a user a and a user b respectively, where an uplink rate of the user a is:
wherein,in order to be a bandwidth,in order to be able to measure the power of the noise,for the uplink transmit power of user a,channel gain sum for user a to beam 1 (link 1)The sum of the antenna receive gains. Similarly, the uplink rate of the user b is:
wherein,in order to be a bandwidth,for the uplink transmit power of user b,which is the sum of the channel gain of user b to beam 2 (link 2) and the antenna receive gain.
After the invention is introduced, based on the non-orthogonal multiple access technology and the multi-beam joint interference cancellation technology, the switching user h simultaneously uses the frequency resources of the user a and the user b to respectively send data to the beam 1 and the beam 2, the signal of the user h is regarded as noise in the first round of decoding, and no processing is carried out, so that the uplink rate of the user a becomes:
wherein,for the uplink transmit power in beam 1 for user h,the sum of the channel gain for user h to beam 1 and the antenna receive gain.
Similarly, for user b, the uplink rate becomes:
wherein,for the uplink transmit power in beam 2 for user h,the sum of the channel gain for user h to beam 2 and the antenna receive gain.
Through the multi-beam interference cancellation technology, after the received signals of the users a and b are solved, the part of signals in the original signals can be cancelled, at this time, the signal of the user h becomes a useful signal, and then demodulation and decoding are performed, so that the rate of the user h in the beam 1 is obtained as follows:
the rate at beam 2 is:
so the sum rate of user h is:
then, after the present invention, the total rate of users a, b and h is:
the rates of increase compared to before the introduction of the present invention were:
software simulation can prove that the increased rate is larger than zero under the conventional signal-to-noise ratio of various multi-beam antenna models, namely, by introducing a soft handover technology based on satellite-ground link uplink non-orthogonal multiple access, although the complexity of a multi-beam receiver is increased, the uplink throughput of a system can be increased, and meanwhile, the communication service quality of a handover user is increased.
For the applied scenario of the present application, the relationship graphs of the normalized uplink and rate and the user h power allocation value under the condition of different beam center user channel gains are obtained as shown in fig. 5, fig. 6, fig. 7, and fig. 8. The normalized channel gains for the 4 graphs are shown in table 1, where the sum rates for users a and b before the introduction of the present invention were 31.02Mbps, 30.27Mbps, and 30.28Mbps, respectively.
TABLE 1
After the method is introduced, the variation of the sum rates of users a, b and h with the power allocated to user h in beam 1 is shown in fig. 5-8, respectively, whereIt can be seen that the optimal power allocation and the total rate under different channel gain conditions are different, but compared with the sum rate before the introduction of the invention, the optimal power allocation and the total rate are obviously improved, and the communication service quality of the switching user is ensured.
In summary, the present invention combines the non-orthogonal multiple access technology and the soft handover technology, and realizes satellite-to-ground dual-connection transmission of the handover user through the interference cancellation technology, thereby realizing joint optimization of satellite-to-ground link system throughput and handover user communication service quality.
Claims (4)
1. A soft handover method based on satellite-to-ground link uplink non-orthogonal multiple access is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1, obtaining q wave beams with wave beam overlapping areas, and taking all users in the wave beam overlapping areas as a whole to obtain edge users; taking all users in the area where each beam is not overlapped with other beams as a central user to obtain q central users;
s2, acquiring an original signal: dividing the total uplink transmission power of the edge users into q parts, and respectively transmitting data to corresponding beams by using frequency resources of q central users; simultaneously, all central users adopt all power to send data to corresponding beams;
s3, acquiring the received power and data of all central users from the original signal by a joint interference elimination technology;
s4, eliminating the received power of all central users in the total received power to obtain the residual received power;
and S5, demodulating and decoding the residual receiving power to obtain the sending signal of the edge user and further obtain the sending data of the edge user.
2. The soft handover method according to claim 1, wherein the specific method for acquiring q beams with beam overlapping areas in step S1 is as follows:
for any user, judging whether the user only receives one downlink power, and if so, judging that the user is located in a region which is not overlapped with other wave beams; otherwise, judging whether the difference between all downlink maximum powers received by the user reaches 20%, if so, judging that the user is positioned in a beam overlapping area; thereby acquiring a beam having a beam overlap region.
3. The soft handover method according to claim 1, wherein the specific method for acquiring q beams with beam overlapping areas in step S1 is as follows:
and inquiring the satellite timetable by a user, judging whether the satellite timetable is positioned in the beam overlapping area according to the position of the user and the satellite timetable, and acquiring the wave velocity number of the overlapping area.
4. The soft handover method according to claim 1, wherein the specific method of dividing the total uplink transmission power of the edge users into q parts and respectively transmitting data to the corresponding beams by using the frequency resources of q central users in step S2 comprises the following sub-steps:
s2-1, constructing the following optimization problem under the condition of optimal maximum throughput:
whereinRepresenting a constraint; c1, C2, and C3 each represent a frequency resource allocation constraint; c4 and C5 are transmit power constraints; c6 is decoding threshold constraint;is as followsiA wave beam ofmThe resource situation of the individual edge users,indicating that the allocation is to be made,indicating no allocation;representing edge usersmWhether or not in a beamiInside ofAllocating resources on the channel;Mthe total number of edge users is the total number of edge users,mthe number is given to the edge user,is as followsiA first of the beamskA number of channel resources, which are,ifor the purpose of the beam numbering,for edge usersmIn thatThe transmit power on the channel, I is the total number of beams,for the constraint of the total uplink power of the terminal,as a central userjThe signal-to-interference-and-noise ratio of (c),is the lowest signal to interference plus noise ratio threshold,for switching usersmSignal to interference plus noise ratio of;
s2-2, obtaining an iterative expression corresponding to the KKT condition through a Lagrangian dual method:
whereinAre all the lagrange operators and are the lagrange operators,in order to be the step size,ha lagrange equation corresponding to the optimization problem; subscriptIs as followsnFrequency-multiplexed color of the firstiUnder one beammAn edge user;is as followsnFrequency-multiplexed color of the firstkA sub-channel;lis the iteration number;
s2-3, solving the iterative formula through a gradient descent method to obtain an optimal uplink transmission power distribution scheme and a power and frequency resource matching scheme of the edge users, dividing the total uplink transmission power of the edge users into q parts, and respectively transmitting data to corresponding beams by using the frequency resources of q central users.
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