CN106330278B - The transmission method that channel estimation and power control based on user up to wave angle combine - Google Patents
The transmission method that channel estimation and power control based on user up to wave angle combine Download PDFInfo
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04B—TRANSMISSION
- H04B7/00—Radio transmission systems, i.e. using radiation field
- H04B7/02—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas
- H04B7/04—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas
- H04B7/0413—MIMO systems
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04B—TRANSMISSION
- H04B7/00—Radio transmission systems, i.e. using radiation field
- H04B7/02—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas
- H04B7/04—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas
- H04B7/0413—MIMO systems
- H04B7/0426—Power distribution
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04B—TRANSMISSION
- H04B7/00—Radio transmission systems, i.e. using radiation field
- H04B7/02—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas
- H04B7/04—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas
- H04B7/0491—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas using two or more sectors, i.e. sector diversity
- H04B7/0495—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas using two or more sectors, i.e. sector diversity using overlapping sectors in the same base station to implement MIMO for antennas
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L25/00—Baseband systems
- H04L25/02—Details ; arrangements for supplying electrical power along data transmission lines
- H04L25/0202—Channel estimation
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L5/00—Arrangements affording multiple use of the transmission path
- H04L5/003—Arrangements for allocating sub-channels of the transmission path
- H04L5/0048—Allocation of pilot signals, i.e. of signals known to the receiver
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of transmission methods that channel estimation and power control based on user up to wave angle combine, the user of each cell is divided into Cell Center User or Cell Edge User first, then each antenna for base station being reached for Cell Edge User, secondary grouping is carried out to all Cell Edge User up to wave angle, then pilot tone is respectively configured to different group users and occupies resource, base station finally reduces the interference that this Cell Center User is subject to by the power of the central user of base station control neighboring community again according to the pilot signal estimating channel information received.The method of the present invention can save pilot-frequency expense using angle domain information, and it can effectively mitigate the pilot pollution that Cell Edge User is subject to, channel estimation errors are reduced, while improving the performance of Cell Center User by control user emission power, the overall transmission rate of system is made to be greatly improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of channel estimation and data transmission in a large-scale multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) system under a multi-cell environment, and relates to a transmission method combining channel estimation and power control based on a user wave arrival angle.
Background
Under a large-scale multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) system in a multi-cell environment, a channel is estimated by transmitting a pilot signal, and since the number of antennas at a base station is much greater than the number of users, the large-scale MIMO system generally adopts a Time Division Duplex (TDD) mechanism to estimate the channel by transmitting the pilot signal by the users. Because the dimension of the pilot sequence is limited, users in different cells can use non-orthogonal pilot sequences or multiplex the same pilot sequence, so that the pilot signal received by the base station in a certain cell can be interfered by the pilot signals sent by users in other cells, i.e. the pilot signal is polluted, and the performance of the system is severely restricted by the problem, wherein the influence of the pilot pollution on the users at the edge of the cell is particularly serious.
In response to the problem of pilot pollution, related researchers have proposed various solutions to mitigate the effect of pilot pollution and improve the achievable transmission rate of a communication system, but there are few solutions specifically directed to cell edge users, and the performance gain of the edge users is not significantly improved.
Disclosure of Invention
The purpose of the invention is as follows: aiming at the defects of the prior art, the invention provides a transmission method combining channel estimation and power control based on the user wave arrival angle aiming at the pilot frequency pollution in the large-scale MIMO, and the transmission rate of the system can be improved.
The invention content is as follows: in order to achieve the above object, the transmission method based on the combination of the channel estimation of the user arrival angle and the power control in the present invention comprises the following steps:
(1) aiming at all users in L cells, dividing the users into cell center users or cell edge users by utilizing the relation between the channel large-scale fading factor of each user to the cell base station where the user is located and the preset threshold value of the cell, and setting the number of the cell center users in each cell as kcThe number of users at the edge of the cell is ke；
(2) Grouping all cell edge users according to the overlapping degree between the wave arrival angle from the cell edge user to the cell base station where the cell edge user is located and the wave arrival angle from other cell edge users to the cell base station, and setting the number of edge user groups as G;
(3) will kc+ G orthogonal pilot frequency sequences are respectively distributed to the cell center user and the cell edge user of each cell, and the cell center users of L cells multiplex kcEach cell edge user in each edge user group multiplexes one orthogonal pilot sequence;
(4) for each user, the cell base station where the user is located obtains a channel estimation value of the user by using a minimum mean square error estimation method according to the received pilot signal;
(5) allocating the same transmitting power p to all cell edge userseRespectively distributing power p to the central users of the cell where the power p is located and the adjacent cellscAnd pc_intThe power ratio is defined asAnd carrying out uplink data transmission.
Wherein, the large-scale fading factor of the channel from the user to the base station of the cell in step (1) is:
in the formula,represents the large-scale fading factor of the channel from the kth user in the ith cell to the ith cell base station, where λ is the path loss factor, α is a constant set according to the specific channel environment,is shown asThe spatial distance from the kth user in the i cell to the base station of the ith cell;
if the large-scale fading factor of the channel from a certain user to the base station of the ith cell is larger than or equal to the preset threshold rho corresponding to the celliIf the user is the user at the center of the cell, otherwise, the user is the user at the edge of the cell.
Further, the value of α is (0.8R) in typical environmentλAnd R is the cell radius.
Wherein, the step (2) of dividing all cell edge users into G cell groups comprises the following steps:
1) acquiring the overlapping degree between the wave arrival angle from any user in the cell edge user set to the cell base station where the user is located and the wave arrival angle from other users to the cell base station;
2) with SgAnd G is 1,2, …, G represents the set of users in the G-th group, and the first cell edge user members in the G edge user groups are acquired in sequenceThe largest overlapping degree of arrival angles among all the first cell edge users, namely the user setThe overlap of arrival angles between any two users is greatest.
3) For the remaining Lke-G ungrouped cell-edge users, which are added in turn to each cell-edge user group according to the principle that the overlap of arrival angles between all users in each cell-edge user group is minimal.
Wherein, in step (4), for the kth user in the jth cell, the channel estimation value isComprises the following steps:
in the formula, skFor the pilot sequence assigned to this user, m is the number of users sharing the same pilot sequence as this user, and the user set is denoted as { u }1,u2,…,um}，Respectively representing the channel covariance matrixes of the kth user in the jth cell to the jth cell base station,representing user uiThe channel covariance matrix of the base station of the j-th cell, tau is the length of the pilot sequence,variance of additive white Gaussian noise, IMThe identity matrix, Y, representing M by MjIs the pilot signal received by the base station of the j cell.
Has the advantages that: the invention relates to a transmission method combining channel estimation and power control based on a user wave reaching angle, which groups cell edge users by utilizing the overlapping of the user wave reaching angles, then distributes pilot frequency sequences for cell center users and edge users, can reduce pilot frequency resource requirements by utilizing angle domain information under the condition of ensuring good performance of the edge users, saves pilot frequency overhead, can effectively reduce pilot frequency pollution to the cell edge users, and reduces channel estimation errors; the transmitting power of the central users of the adjacent cells is reduced through power control, the mutual interference among the central users of the cells is reduced, the transmission rate of the central users of the cells is improved, the accuracy of channel estimation of the edge users of the cells is improved, and the overall performance of the system is improved.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a block diagram of a transmission method based on combination of user arrival angle channel estimation and power control according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a graph comparing channel estimation errors obtained from channel estimation according to the present invention with several other different channel estimation schemes;
FIG. 3 is a graph comparing the average transmission rate of a single cell obtained by channel estimation according to the present invention with several other different channel estimation schemes;
fig. 4 is a diagram showing a comparison of transmission rates when the power ratio γ takes different values in the conventional channel estimation method based on the minimum mean square error criterion and the method of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The invention is further described with reference to the following figures and detailed description.
As shown in fig. 1, a transmission method combining channel estimation and power control based on the user arrival angle first divides each user into a cell center user or a cell edge user according to the large-scale fading factor of the channel from the user to the base station where the user is located and a limited threshold; then, according to the arrival angle of the cell edge users to each base station antenna, grouping all the cell edge users by the proposed greedy grouping algorithm, so that the interference among the users in the group is as small as possible; then, according to a specific pilot frequency distribution method, all users send pilot frequency signals, and a base station estimates channel information according to the received pilot frequency signals; finally, the users in different cells send data simultaneously, and the base station reduces the interference on the central user in the cell by controlling the power of the central user in the adjacent cell. As specifically described in the following examples:
(1) in this embodiment, the communication system includes 3 cells, the number of users in each cell is K, and the radius of the cell is R according to the large-scale fading factor of the channel from each user to the base station where the user is locatedAnd a preset threshold value ρiDividing the cell into cell center users or cell edge users, wherein the number of the center users is kcCell edge user is ke。Represents the large-scale fading factor of the channel from the kth user of the jth cell to the base station of the ith cell, wherein lambda is the path loss factor, α is a constant set according to the specific channel environment, and the value of the typical environment is (0.8R)λ，Represents the spatial distance from the kth user in the ith cell to the base station in the jth cell, wherein,
(2) grouping all edge users into G groups again by the proposed greedy grouping algorithm, wherein each group of user sets is SgG is 1,2, …, G. The number of users in the set is denoted as | SgThe wave arrival angle of any user in each group to the jth cell base station where the user is located is overlapped with the wave arrival angles of other users in the group to the cell base station to the minimum extent;
(3) will kc+ G orthogonal pilot sequencesIs divided into two parts [ S ]c|Se]Wherein a part number is KcPilot sequence ofK assigned to each cellcMultiplexing of one central user, the remaining G pilot sequencesDistributing to G edge user groups, all users of each edge user group share the same pilot frequency sequence, each pilot frequency sequence has length tau, SSH＝τIM，IMThe identity matrix, S, representing M by MHRepresents the conjugate transpose of the matrix S;
(4) to be provided withRespectively representing channel information vectors and channel covariance matrixes from the kth user to the ith cell base station in the jth cell, sending pilot signals to the cell base station by all users according to the distributed pilot frequency, and sending pilot signals Y to the base station according to the received pilot signalsjEstimating to estimate the channel, YjIs shown as
Wherein,representing the channel matrix of all the central users of cell i to base station j,representing the channel vector from the kth user of the g-th edge user group to the jth cell site, HT，hTRepresenting the transpose of the representation matrix H and the vector H respectively,is an additive white Gaussian noise matrix, NjEach element in (1) is independently and identically distributed and has a mean value of 0 and a variance ofChannel information estimated by taking the kth user in the jth cell as a research objectSetting the pilot sequence s allocated to the userkThe number of users sharing the same pilot sequence as the user is m, and is denoted by { u }1,u2,…,um}，Representing user uiAnd (3) until a jth cell base station channel covariance matrix, channel estimation can adopt a classical minimum mean square error estimation method to obtain:
(5) allocating the same transmission power p to all edge userseRespectively distributing power p to central users of the cell where the base station is located and the adjacent cellscAnd pc_intThe power ratio is defined asAnd carrying out uplink data transmission.
The step (2) is the core of channel estimation based on the user wave arrival angle in the invention, all edge users are required to be grouped, and the method is determined by the following steps, the wave arrival angle from any user k to the base station of the jth cell where the user k is located in each group is enabled to be overlapped with the wave arrival angles from other users to the base station in the group to the minimum extent through the greedy grouping algorithm provided by the invention, and the method comprises the following steps:
1) acquiring the overlapping degree between the wave arrival angle from any user in the cell edge user set to the cell base station where the user is located and the wave arrival angle from other users to the cell base station: first TlkIndicating the kth edge user of the ith cell,denotes the set of cell edge users, k, in the L-th celleIndicating the number of cell-edge users in each cell，T＝{T1,T2,…,TLAnd L T represents the number of elements of the user set T. User' sMultipath angle of arrival (AoA) θ to base station ll,j,k1Is shown asUser' sFor the userThe resulting AoA overlap is shown asWherein the sign coefficientSign usersArrival angle A to cell base stationj,l,k2Andarrival angle A of user to base station of cell jj,j,k1Whether or not there is an overlap, whereinThe empty set is represented by the number of empty sets,the smaller the arrival angle, the larger the overlap. Namely whenAnd isWhile, the userAnd the userNo mutual interference is caused, and when the number of base station antennas M is greater than K, the user can use the sameAndis greatly reduced. All cell edge users and users of cell lIs represented by the overlap of the arrival angles of
2) With SgAnd G is 1,2, …, G represents the set of users in the G-th group, and the first cell edge user members in the G edge user groups are acquired in sequenceThe largest overlapping degree of arrival angles among all the first cell edge users, namely the user setThe overlapping part of the arrival angles between any two users is the largest, and the specific details are as follows:
21) randomly selecting a userAnd will usersIs removed from the set of users T and,updating the value of g, g being 2;
22) for each user T in the non-grouped user set TkK1, 2, …, | T |, calculating user TkWith grouped usersThe sum of the mutual arrival angle overlaps, expressed asFinding the users with the largest sum of the mutual arrival angle overlapsThenUpdating g, g being g + 1;
23) if G is less than G, returning to the second step, otherwise obtainingThe algorithm is ended.
3) For the remaining Lke-G ungrouped cell-edge users, which are added to each cell-edge user group in turn according to the principle that the overlap of arrival angles between all users in each cell-edge user group is minimal, as follows:
31) selecting any one user to be grouped from the non-grouped user set T, and assuming that the user belongs to the k1 th user of j cells to be represented asSet of users SgThe k-th user allocated in the cell belongs to the k 2-th user in the cell and is denoted asRespectively calculating G grouping setsAggregating all allocated users with the users to be groupedAngle overlap with each other:in order to minimize interference between users classified into the same group, first, acquisition is performedThe smaller of them, i.e., the larger of the overlapping,the maximum overlap with all users in each group is then found (since if there is overlap,will be a negative number, where the absolute value of the negative number is largest),
32) in order to minimize the mutual interference between users in a group, i.e. to minimize the overlap of the arrival angles, the users to be groupedShould be assigned to g*Group of whichG is equal to g*，
33) Judging whether the user set T is an empty set, if not, returning to the first step; otherwise, the algorithm is ended, and the final packet is obtained: sg,g＝1,2,…,G。
As can be seen in fig. 2: the channel estimation error of the grouped pilot frequency design scheme provided by the invention is far better than the channel estimation scheme based on the minimum mean square error criterion and the maximum likelihood criterion, and is also better than the soft pilot frequency multiplexing design scheme to a certain extent.
Fig. 3 is a graph of the relation between the average transmission rates of individual cells obtained by processing the received signals by the zero-crossing detection method under several different channel estimation schemes, and it can be seen that: the scheme of combining the grouped pilot design for the cell edge users and the power control for the cell center users provided by the invention has the advantages that the obtained single-cell transmission rate is superior to other traditional channel estimation schemes, and the more the number of base station antennas is, the more obvious the advantages are.
As can be seen in fig. 4: the transmission rate of the method of the invention is superior to the channel estimation method based on the minimum mean square error criterion, and the transmission rate of the system can be further improved by properly increasing the power ratio gamma.
Therefore, the method of the invention can save pilot frequency cost by utilizing the angle domain information, effectively reduce the pilot frequency pollution to the cell edge users, reduce the channel estimation error and simultaneously improve the performance of the cell center users by controlling the user transmitting power. The transmission rate of the system is greatly improved.
The above description is only of the preferred embodiments of the present invention, and it should be noted that: it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various modifications and adaptations can be made without departing from the principles of the invention and these are intended to be within the scope of the invention.
Claims (4)
1. A transmission method combining channel estimation and power control based on the user arrival angle is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) aiming at all users in L cells, dividing the users into cell center users or cell edge users by utilizing the relation between the channel large-scale fading factor of each user to the cell base station where the user is located and the preset threshold value of the cell, and setting the number of the cell center users in each cell as kcThe number of users at the edge of the cell is ke；
(2) Grouping all cell edge users according to the overlapping degree between the wave arrival angle from the cell edge user to the cell base station where the cell edge user is located and the wave arrival angle from other cell edge users to the cell base station, and setting the number of edge user groups as G; the method for grouping all cell edge users comprises the following steps:
1) acquiring the overlapping degree between the wave arrival angle from any user in the cell edge user set to the cell base station where the user is located and the wave arrival angle from other users to the cell base station;
2) with SgAnd G is 1,2, …, G represents the set of users in the G-th group, and the first cell edge user members in the G edge user groups are acquired in sequenceThe largest overlapping degree of arrival angles among all the first cell edge users, namely the user setThe overlap of arrival angles between any two users is maximal;
3) for the remaining Lke-G ungrouped cell edge users, which are added in turn to each cell edge user group according to the principle that the overlap of arrival angles between all users in each cell edge user group is minimal;
(3) will kc+ G orthogonal pilot frequency sequences are respectively distributed to the cell center user and the cell edge user of each cell, and the cell center users of L cells multiplex kcEach cell edge user in each edge user group multiplexes one orthogonal pilot sequence;
(4) for each user, the cell base station where the user is located obtains a channel estimation value of the user by using a minimum mean square error estimation method according to the received pilot signal;
(5) allocating the same transmitting power p to all cell edge userseRespectively distributing power p to the central users of the cell where the power p is located and the adjacent cellscAnd pc_intThe power ratio is defined asAnd carrying out uplink data transmission.
2. The transmission method combining channel estimation and power control based on user arrival angle according to claim 1, wherein the large-scale fading factor of the channel from the user to the base station of the cell in which the user is located in step (1) is:
in the formula,represents the large-scale fading factor of the channel from the kth user in the ith cell to the ith cell base station, where λ is the path loss factor, α is a constant set according to the specific channel environment,representing the spatial distance from the kth user in the ith cell to the ith cell base station;
if the large-scale fading factor of the channel from a certain user to the base station of the ith cell is larger than or equal to the preset threshold rho corresponding to the celliIf the user is the user at the center of the cell, otherwise, the user is the user at the edge of the cell.
3. The combined user-arrival-angle-based channel estimation and power control transmission method as claimed in claim 2, wherein the value of α is (0.8R)λAnd R is the cell radius.
4. The transmission method according to claim 1, wherein the channel estimation value of the kth user in the jth cell in step (4) is the channel estimation value of the kth user in the jth cellComprises the following steps:
in the formula, skFor the pilot sequence assigned to this user, m is the number of users sharing the same pilot sequence as this user, and the user set is denoted as { u }1,u2,…,um}，Respectively representing the channel covariance matrixes of the kth user in the jth cell to the jth cell base station,representing user uiThe channel covariance matrix of the base station of the j-th cell, tau is the length of the pilot sequence,variance of additive white Gaussian noise, IMThe identity matrix, Y, representing M by MjIs the pilot signal received by the base station of the j cell.
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