CN113824484B - PAF phased array receiver data processing method - Google Patents
PAF phased array receiver data processing method Download PDFInfo
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
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- H04B7/00—Radio transmission systems, i.e. using radiation field
- H04B7/02—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas
- H04B7/04—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas
- H04B7/06—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the transmitting station
- H04B7/0613—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the transmitting station using simultaneous transmission
- H04B7/0615—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the transmitting station using simultaneous transmission of weighted versions of same signal
- H04B7/0617—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the transmitting station using simultaneous transmission of weighted versions of same signal for beam forming
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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Abstract
The invention discloses a data processing method of a PAF phased array receiver, which relates to the technical field of data processing, and comprises the following specific steps: and (3) constructing a model: constructing a beam synthesis model according to the multi-beam model; calculating the beam-forming SNR and gain: obtaining an SNR beamformed output signal according to a relationship between a signal of interest in any one of the receive channels and the interference and noise signals; calculating the total gain of the array according to the relation between the SNR wave beam synthesis output and the input; optimizing a beam synthesis algorithm: determining a minimum mean square error s according to the SNR and the gain of the beam synthesis; the invention improves the overall efficiency of the radio receiving processing system through determining the minimum mean square error and carrying out undistorted response beam synthesis.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of data processing, in particular to a data processing method of a PAF phased array receiver.
Background
The field of view of a radio telescope is an important indicator of the telescope's ability to patrol the sky, which characterizes the range of the field of view that can be observed at any given moment. For a single aperture radio telescope, the field of view and resolution can be expressed in terms of half-wave beam power width: hpbw=1.02λ/D, where λ is the observation wavelength and D is the telescope diameter. The large-caliber radio telescope obtains higher resolution and sensitivity by increasing the diameter D, but at the same time, the field of view of the telescope is reduced along with the increase of the caliber, so that the area of an observation space area in unit time is reduced, for example, the observation of pulsar or temporary power source searching, molecular spectrum patrolling and the like is carried out, and the telescope with a small field of view can take more observation time in the same observation area. Caliber and field of view appear to be unavoidable contradictions of large caliber telescopes. However, the advent of multi-beam receivers breaks this situation.
Phased array feeds (Phased Array Feed, PAF) are multi-beam receiver technologies that have been strongly developed in radio astronomy in recent years. The PAF uses a small antenna as a feed source and is placed on the focal plane of the radio telescope, a plurality of synchronous beams are formed through electronic scanning, the field of view of the telescope can be increased, the sky-patrol efficiency is improved, meanwhile, the densely overlapped beams can form continuous sky coverage, and a plurality of flexible observation modes can be realized through real-time beam synthesis. The sensitivity, system noise and observation efficiency of the whole system are directly affected by beam synthesis, so that an optimization method capable of obtaining a synthesized beam is urgently needed, and the problem that the receiving efficiency of a radio receiving system needs to be solved by a person skilled in the art is guaranteed.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of this, the present invention provides a data processing method for a PAF phased array receiver, which overcomes the drawbacks of the prior art.
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:
a data processing method of a PAF phased array receiver comprises the following specific steps:
and (3) constructing a model: constructing a beam synthesis model according to the multi-beam model;
calculating the beam-forming SNR and gain: obtaining an SNR beamformed output signal according to a relationship between a signal of interest in any one of the receive channels and the interference and noise signals; calculating the total gain of the array according to the relation between the SNR wave beam synthesis output and the input;
optimizing a beam synthesis algorithm: the minimum mean square error s is determined based on the beam-forming SNR and the gain.
Optionally, the response of the array element in the receiving array to the plane wave is:
after the arrival time difference is introduced, the method is converted into:
wherein M is the M-th relative reference element; s is the minimum mean square error; k is a unit vector of the signal propagation direction; x is the position coordinate of the array element; c is the speed of light; t is time; τ is the arrival time difference; a is amplitude response; omega 0 Is the signal frequency;
is the start phase.
Optionally, the response of the receiving array to the plane wave is:
optionally, the model of the synthesized beam is:
wherein ,
the weighted conjugate transpose of the ith array element; i is the relative array element number.
Optionally, the signal-to-noise ratio output of the beam synthesis is:
wherein ,
is the signal to noise ratio of the array element.
Optionally, when the noise output of each array element is uncorrelated, the signal output of interest is specifically:
m is the number of array elements; w is a weight; s is the signal of interest.
Optionally, when the noise output of each array element is uncorrelated, the interference and noise signal outputs are specifically:
n is interference and noise signals, N-0, R nn )；R nn Is the standard deviation.
Alternatively, in determining the minimum mean square error s, the minimum variance s is estimated from the maximum approximation probability ML, the minimum variance
Compared with the prior art, the invention discloses a data processing method of a PAF phased array receiver, which optimizes a beam synthesis algorithm, determines a minimum mean square error s, performs undistorted response beam synthesis, and improves the overall efficiency of a radio receiving processing system.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings that are required to be used in the embodiments or the description of the prior art will be briefly described below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only embodiments of the present invention, and that other drawings can be obtained according to the provided drawings without inventive effort for a person skilled in the art.
FIG. 1 is a schematic flow chart of the method of the present invention;
fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of a system structure according to an embodiment of the invention.
Detailed Description
The following description of the embodiments of the present invention will be made clearly and completely with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which it is apparent that the embodiments described are only some embodiments of the present invention, but not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the invention without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the invention.
The embodiment of the invention discloses a data processing method of a PAF phased array receiver, which comprises the following steps as shown in figure 1:
step 1: and (3) constructing a model: the method comprises the following specific steps of:
consider the response of an ideal isotropic sensor array to a single complex monochromatic plane wave as:
substituting the arrival time difference into formula (1) yields the following formula:
wherein M is the M-th relative reference element; s is minimum mean square errorDifference; k is a unit vector of the signal propagation direction; x is the position coordinate of the array element; c is the speed of light; t is time; τ is the arrival time difference; a is amplitude response; omega 0 Is the signal frequency;
is the start phase.
The observation vector can be obtained according to equation (2) as:
constructing a beam synthesis model according to the observation vector, wherein the beam synthesis model is as follows:
wherein ,
the weighted conjugate transpose of the ith array element; i is the relative array element number.
Step 2: calculating the beam-forming SNR and gain: calculating an SNR beamformed output from a relationship between a signal of interest in the received signal and the interference and noise signals; calculating the total gain of the array according to the relation between the SNR wave beam synthesis output and the input;
step 21: giving a bandwidth spectrum of any channel, and providing a plurality of given broadband spectrums P (F [ o ], V [ o ]) of the electric wave environment by an electric wave environment test system of a radio astronomical station, wherein P is a two-dimensional array, F is frequency, V is a power value corresponding to a frequency point, and o is the number of the frequency points;
step 22, judging whether the test parameters are changed, if so, entering step 23, and if not, entering step 212;
step 23, selecting spectrum samples, namely, selecting O groups of spectrum samples from the broadband spectrum of the multiple given electric wave environments, and equally dividing each group of spectrum samples into Q sections according to the frequency;
step 24, calculating standard deviation of spectrum noise according to the O groups of spectrum samples;
step 25, making the neighbor value comparison discrimination value be beta;
step 26, calculating the adjacent value comparison initial interference and noise signal V0 according to the power value data in the broadband frequency spectrum P (F [ o ], V [ o ]);
step 27, extracting noise, namely extracting spectral noise P1 (Fo, V1 o) in the broadband frequency spectrum P (Fo, V o);
step 28, dividing the noise window, namely dividing the frequency spectrum noise P1 (F [ o ], V1[ o ]) into Y windows, wherein the window division width of each window is B;
step 29, calculating the median VQ [ Y ] and standard deviation sigma Q [ Y ] of the single window noise;
step 210, calculating the signal-to-noise separation threshold VQ [ Y ] of each window to obtain the signal-to-noise separation threshold V2[ o ] of each frequency point;
step 211: signal-to-noise separation, judging whether V [ o ] -V [ 2 o ] > 0 is true, if true, representing the signal in the broadband spectrum P (F [ o ], V [ o ]), and if false, representing the noise in the broadband spectrum P (F [ o ], V [ o ]);
step 212: optimizing the adjacent value comparison discrimination value and the window division width, progressively increasing the value of the adjacent value comparison discrimination value delta and the value of the window division width B, repeatedly executing the steps 26 to 211 until the maximum value of the signal-to-noise separation accuracy C is counted, and taking the signal-to-noise separation result obtained at the moment as a final result;
step 213: the signal output of each array element is obtained according to the signal-to-noise separation result:
wherein i is the relative element number, i=1, 2,..n; w (W) i The weight of the ith array element; v (V) i The signal value of the ith array element;
according to formula (5):
V total ＝(W 1 ·S 1 +W 2 ·S 2 +...+W n ·S n )+(W 1 ·N 1 +W 2 ·N 2 +...+W n ·N n ) (6); wherein S is a signal of interest; n is the interference and noise signal;
assuming that the noise outputs of the individual array elements are uncorrelated, then:
obtainable according to formula (7):
when (when)
In the time-course of which the first and second contact surfaces,
the signal to noise ratio of the single channel is thus obtained as:
the signal to noise ratio output of the beam synthesis, obtained according to equation (10), is:
the total gain of this array is obtained according to equation (11):
step 3: optimizing a beam synthesis algorithm: determining a minimum mean square error s according to the SNR and the gain of the beam synthesis; the method comprises the following specific steps:
step 31: judging R nn Whether or not to be equal to
If R is nn Is not equal to->
Step 32 is performed;
wherein I is an identity matrix;
step 32: defining the observation vector according to the beam forming SNR and the beam forming formula, and obtaining z=a (theta) s+N, wherein z=M×1; a (θ) is a direction vector, which is a known condition; N-CN (0, R) nn )，R nn Is the standard deviation; s is the minimum mean square error of the signal,
step 33: minimizing E { |w H z| 2 } such that w H a (θ) =1, h is the conjugate transpose; ensure that the signal of interest is not lost;
step 34: the maximum approximation possible ML is found and the minimum mean square error s is estimated.
If R is nn Is equal to
Gain g=m.
The maximum approximation possibility ML can be obtained by two methods of taking or solving a solution space as a condition before solving and searching a global optimal solution through advance convention.
The embodiment also includes a data processing system of the PAF phased array receiver, with a structure shown in fig. 2, including: the system comprises a signal acquisition and preprocessing unit, a beam synthesis unit and a multi-beam processing unit;
the signal acquisition and preprocessing unit is used for acquiring array element signals of a preset path number and preprocessing the array element signals;
the beam synthesis unit synthesizes the preprocessed array element signals into beams with preset beam numbers;
and the multi-beam processing unit calculates, optimizes and determines the minimum mean square error of the synthesized beams.
The signal preprocessing unit comprises a digital down-conversion module and a channelizing module, wherein:
the digital down-conversion module is used for digital mixing and filtering of the array element signals and comprises a frequency synthesizer, a mixer, a filter and a down-sampler,
the frequency synthesizer is used for generating cosine and sine signals with fixed frequency from each path of array element signals;
the mixer is used for mixing the cosine and sine signals to generate a mixed signal;
a filter for filtering out unwanted signals in the mixed signal;
the downsampling signal generator is used for extracting signals according to preset conditions and outputting two paths of in-phase and quadrature complex signals;
and the channelizing module is used for receiving the in-phase and quadrature two-way complex signals and channelizing the same.
The present embodiment also includes a computer-readable storage medium having stored thereon a computer program which, when executed by a processor, performs the steps of a method of data processing for a PAF phased array receiver.
In the present specification, each embodiment is described in a progressive manner, and each embodiment is mainly described in a different point from other embodiments, and identical and similar parts between the embodiments are all enough to refer to each other. For the device disclosed in the embodiment, since it corresponds to the method disclosed in the embodiment, the description is relatively simple, and the relevant points refer to the description of the method section.
The previous description of the disclosed embodiments is provided to enable any person skilled in the art to make or use the present invention. Various modifications to these embodiments will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, and the generic principles defined herein may be applied to other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of the invention. Thus, the present invention is not intended to be limited to the embodiments shown herein but is to be accorded the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.
Claims (2)
1. The data processing method of the PAF phased array receiver is characterized by comprising the following specific steps of:
and (3) constructing a model: constructing a beam synthesis model according to the multi-beam model;
calculating the beam-forming SNR and gain: obtaining an SNR beamformed output signal from a relationship between the signal of interest and the interference and noise signals in any of the receive channels; calculating the total gain of the array according to the relation between the SNR wave beam synthesis output and the input;
optimizing a beam synthesis algorithm: determining a minimum mean square error s according to the SNR and the gain of the beam synthesis;
the response of the array element in the receiving array to the plane wave is as follows:
after the arrival time difference is introduced, the method is converted into:
wherein M is the M-th relative reference element; s is the minimum mean square error; k is a unit vector of the signal propagation direction; x is the position coordinate of the array element; c is the speed of light; t is time; τ is the arrival time difference; a is amplitude response; omega 0 Is the signal frequency;
is the initial phase;
the response of the receiving array to the plane wave is:
the beam synthesis model is:
wherein ,
the weighted conjugate transpose of the ith array element; i is the relative array element number;
the signal to noise ratio output of the beam synthesis is:
wherein ,
is the signal to noise ratio of the array element;
when the noise output of each array element is irrelevant, the signal output of interest is specifically:
w is a weight; s is the signal of interest;
when the noise output of each array element is irrelevant, the interference and noise signal output is specifically:
n is interference and noise signals, N-0, R nn )；R nn Is the standard deviation.
2. The data processing method of a PAF phased array receiver of claim 1, wherein in determining the minimum mean square error s, the minimum variance s is estimated based on the maximum approximation likelihood ML, the minimum variance s
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| CN111884695A (en) * | 2020-07-16 | 2020-11-03 | 中国科学院国家天文台 | Digital back-end equipment of phase array feed source receiver and phase array feed source receiver |
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| CN111884695A (en) * | 2020-07-16 | 2020-11-03 | 中国科学院国家天文台 | Digital back-end equipment of phase array feed source receiver and phase array feed source receiver |
Non-Patent Citations (2)
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| HIPSR: A digital signal processor for the parkes 21-cm multibeam receiver;Price D C, etc.;《arXiv》;全文 * |
| 新疆天文台26米射电望远镜压缩机压力监控系统设计与实现;陈勇等;《天文研究与技术》;第18卷(第3期);第307-313页 * |
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