CN113824484A - Data processing method of PAF phased array receiver - Google Patents
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- CN113824484A CN113824484A CN202111164827.2A CN202111164827A CN113824484A CN 113824484 A CN113824484 A CN 113824484A CN 202111164827 A CN202111164827 A CN 202111164827A CN 113824484 A CN113824484 A CN 113824484A
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
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- H04B7/00—Radio transmission systems, i.e. using radiation field
- H04B7/02—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas
- H04B7/04—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas
- H04B7/06—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the transmitting station
- H04B7/0613—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the transmitting station using simultaneous transmission
- H04B7/0615—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the transmitting station using simultaneous transmission of weighted versions of same signal
- H04B7/0617—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the transmitting station using simultaneous transmission of weighted versions of same signal for beam forming
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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- Y02D—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES [ICT], I.E. INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES AIMING AT THE REDUCTION OF THEIR OWN ENERGY USE
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Abstract
The invention discloses a data processing method of a PAF phased array receiver, which relates to the technical field related to data processing and comprises the following specific steps: constructing a model: constructing a beam synthesis model according to the multi-beam model; calculate the beamforming SNR and gain: acquiring an SNR beam forming output signal according to the relation between the interested signal in any receiving channel and the interference and noise signals; calculating the total gain of the array according to the relation between the SNR beam synthesis output and the SNR beam synthesis input; optimizing a beam forming algorithm: determining a minimum mean square error s according to the beam synthesis SNR and the gain; the invention improves the overall efficiency of the radio receiving and processing system by determining the minimum mean square error and the undistorted response beam synthesis.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of data processing, in particular to a data processing method of a PAF phased array receiver.
Background
The field of view of a radio telescope is an important indicator of the ability of the telescope to cruise the sky, which characterizes the extent of the observable sky area at any given moment. For a single aperture radio telescope, both field of view and resolution can be expressed in terms of half-beam power width: HPBW is 1.02 λ/D, where λ is the observation wavelength and D is the diameter of the telescope. The large-aperture radio telescope obtains higher resolution and sensitivity by increasing the diameter D, but at the same time, the view field of the telescope is reduced along with the increase of the aperture, so that the area of an observation area in unit time is reduced, and the telescope with a small view field can spend more observation time in the observation area with the same size, such as pulsar or temporary source search, molecular spectrum line sky patrol and the like. The aperture and the field of view seem to be irreconcilable contradictions for large aperture telescopes. However, the advent of multi-beam receivers has broken this situation.
Phased Array Feeds (PAFs) are a multi-beam receiver technology that has been vigorously developed in recent years in radio astronomy. The PAF uses a small antenna as a feed source and places the small antenna on a focal plane of a radio telescope, a plurality of synchronous beams are formed through electronic scanning, the view field of the telescope can be increased, the efficiency of patrolling the sky is improved, meanwhile, the beams which are densely overlapped can also form continuous sky coverage, and various flexible observation modes can be realized through real-time beam synthesis. Beam synthesis directly affects the sensitivity, system noise and observation efficiency of the whole system, so there is an urgent need for an optimization method capable of obtaining a synthesized beam, and ensuring the receiving efficiency of a radio receiving system is a problem that needs to be solved by those skilled in the art.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of this, the present invention provides a data processing method for a PAF phased array receiver, which overcomes the defects of the prior art.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the invention provides the following technical scheme:
a data processing method of a PAF phased array receiver comprises the following specific steps:
constructing a model: constructing a beam synthesis model according to the multi-beam model;
calculate the beamforming SNR and gain: acquiring an SNR beam forming output signal according to the relation between the interested signal in any receiving channel and the interference and noise signals; calculating the total gain of the array according to the relation between the SNR beam synthesis output and the SNR beam synthesis input;
optimizing a beam forming algorithm: and determining the minimum mean square error s according to the beam synthesis SNR and the gain.
Optionally, the response of the array element in the receiving array to the plane wave is:
after introducing the arrival time difference, the conversion is:
wherein, M is the array element of the mth relative reference array element; s is the minimum mean square error; k is a unit vector of the signal propagation direction; x is the position coordinate of the array element; c is the speed of light; t is time; τ is the time difference of arrival; a is the amplitude response; omega0Is the signal frequency;
is the starting phase.
Optionally, the response of the receiving array to the plane wave is:
optionally, the model of the synthesized beam is:
wherein ,
the weighted conjugate transpose of the ith array element; i is the relative array element number.
Optionally, the signal-to-noise ratio output of the beamforming is:
wherein ,
is the signal-to-noise ratio of the array elements.
Optionally, when the noise output of each array element is uncorrelated, the signal output of interest is specifically:
m is the number of array elements; w is a weight; s is the signal of interest.
Optionally, when the noise output of each array element is uncorrelated, the interference and noise signal output specifically is:
n is interference and noise signal, N ~ (0, R)nn)；RnnIs the standard deviation.
Optionally, when determining the minimum mean square error s, estimating the minimum variance s according to the maximum approximate possible ML, the minimum variance s
According to the technical scheme, compared with the prior art, the data processing method of the PAF phased array receiver is disclosed and provided, the beam synthesis algorithm is optimized, the minimum mean square error s is determined, the undistorted response beam is synthesized, and the overall efficiency of a radio receiving processing system is improved.
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In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below, it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only embodiments of the present invention, and for those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained according to the provided drawings without creative efforts.
FIG. 1 is a schematic flow diagram of the process of the present invention;
fig. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a system according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
The embodiment of the invention discloses a data processing method of a PAF phased array receiver, which comprises the following steps as shown in figure 1:
step 1: constructing a model: the method comprises the following steps of constructing a beam synthesis model according to a multi-beam model:
consider the response of an ideal isotropic sensor array to a single complex monochromatic plane wave as:
the difference in arrival times is substituted into formula (1) to obtain the following formula:
wherein, M is the array element of the mth relative reference array element; s is the minimum mean square error; k is a unit vector of the signal propagation direction; x is the position coordinate of the array element; c is the speed of light; t is time; τ is the time difference of arrival; a is the amplitude response; omega0Is the signal frequency;
is the starting phase.
The observation vector can be obtained according to equation (2) as:
and constructing a beam synthesis model according to the observation vector, wherein the beam synthesis model comprises the following steps:
wherein ,
the weighted conjugate transpose of the ith array element; i is the relative array element number.
Step 2: calculate the beamforming SNR and gain: calculating an SNR beamforming output from a relationship between a signal of interest in the received signal and the interference and noise signals; calculating the total gain of the array according to the relation between SNR beam synthesis output and input;
step 21: the method comprises the steps that a bandwidth spectrum of any channel is given, a plurality of given radio wave environment broadband spectrums P (F [ o ], V [ o ]) are provided through a radio wave environment testing system of a radio astronomical station, wherein P is a two-dimensional array, F is frequency, V is a power value corresponding to a frequency point, and o is the number of frequency points;
step 22, judging whether the test parameters are changed, if the test parameters are changed, entering step 23, and if the test parameters are not changed, entering step 212;
step 23, selecting spectrum samples, taking O groups of spectrum samples from the broadband spectrums in the given electric wave environments, and dividing each group of spectrum samples into Q sections according to the frequency;
step 24, calculating the standard deviation of the spectrum noise according to the O groups of spectrum samples;
step 25, making the adjacent value comparison discrimination value be deta;
step 26, calculating adjacent value comparing initial interference and noise signal V0 according to power value data in the broadband frequency spectrum P (F [ o ], V [ o ]);
step 27, extracting noise, namely extracting spectrum noise P1 (fo, V1 o) in the broadband spectrum P (fo, V) according to the extracted noise;
step 28, noise window division, namely dividing the spectrum noise P1(F [ o ], V1[ o ]) into Y windows, wherein the window division width of each window is B;
step 29, calculating the median VQ [ Y ] and standard deviation sigma Q [ Y ] of the single window noise;
step 210, calculating a signal-to-noise separation threshold VQ [ Y ] of each window to obtain a signal-to-noise separation threshold V2[ o ] of each frequency point;
step 211: signal-noise separation, judging whether V [ o ] -V2[ o ] > 0 is established, if true, representing the signal in the broadband spectrum P (F [ o ], V [ o ]), and if false, representing the noise in the broadband spectrum P (F [ o ], V [ o ]);
step 212: optimizing the adjacent value comparison judgment value and the window division width, increasing the value of the adjacent value comparison judgment value deta and the value of the window division width B progressively, repeatedly executing the steps 26 to 211 until the maximum value of the signal-noise separation accuracy rate C is counted, and taking the signal-noise separation result obtained at the moment as a final result;
step 213: the signal output of each array element obtained according to the signal-noise separation result is as follows:
in the formula, i is a relative array element number, i is 1, 2. WiThe weight of the ith array element; viThe signal value of the ith array element;
according to the formula (5), it can be obtained:
Vtotal＝(W1·S1+W2·S2+...+Wn·Sn)+(W1·N1+W2·N2+...+Wn·Nn) (6)；
wherein S is a signal of interest; n is an interference and noise signal;
assuming that the noise outputs of the individual array elements are uncorrelated:
according to formula (7):
when in use
When the temperature of the water is higher than the set temperature,
the signal-to-noise ratio of a single channel is thus obtained:
the signal-to-noise ratio output for beamforming is obtained from equation (10):
the total gain of this array is obtained according to equation (11):
and step 3: optimizing a beam forming algorithm: determining a minimum mean square error s according to the beam synthesis SNR and the gain; the method comprises the following specific steps:
step 31: judgment of RnnWhether or not equal to
If R isnnIs not equal to
Step 32 is executed;
wherein I is an identity matrix;
step 32: defining an observation vector according to a beamforming SNR and a beamforming formula, wherein z is a (theta) s + N, and M is × 1; a (theta) is a direction vector and is a known condition; n to CN (0, R)nn)，RnnIs the standard deviation; s is the minimum mean square error and is,
step 33: minimizing E { | wHz|2Are such that wHa (theta) is 1, and H is a conjugate transpose; ensuring that the signal of interest is not lost;
step 34: the maximum approximation possible ML is found and the minimum mean square error s is estimated.
If R isnnIs equal to
The gain G ═ M.
The maximum approximate possible ML can be obtained by two methods of entering or solving a solution space as a condition by convention in advance before solving and searching a global optimal solution.
The embodiment further includes a data processing system of a PAF phased array receiver, which has a structure shown in fig. 2 and includes: the device comprises a signal acquisition and preprocessing unit, a beam synthesis unit and a multi-beam processing unit;
the signal acquisition and preprocessing unit is used for acquiring array element signals with preset paths and preprocessing the array element signals;
the wave beam synthesis unit synthesizes the preprocessed array element signals into wave beams with preset wave beam number;
and the multi-beam processing unit calculates and optimizes the synthesized beam and determines the minimum mean square error.
The signal preprocessing unit comprises a digital down-conversion module and a channelization module, wherein:
a digital down-conversion module for digital mixing and filtering of the array element signals, comprising a frequency synthesizer, a mixer, a filter and a down-sampler,
the frequency synthesizer is used for generating cosine and sine signals with fixed frequency from each path of array element signals;
the mixer is used for mixing the cosine signal and the sine signal to generate a mixing signal;
a filter for filtering out unwanted signals from the mixed signal;
the down-sampler is used for extracting signals according to preset conditions and outputting in-phase and orthogonal complex signals;
and the channelizing module is used for receiving the in-phase complex signal and the orthogonal complex signal and channelizing the in-phase complex signal and the orthogonal complex signal.
The present embodiment also includes a computer-readable medium having stored thereon a computer program that, when executed by a processor, performs the steps of a method for data processing in a PAF phased array receiver as described.
The embodiments in the present description are described in a progressive manner, each embodiment focuses on differences from other embodiments, and the same and similar parts among the embodiments are referred to each other. The device disclosed by the embodiment corresponds to the method disclosed by the embodiment, so that the description is simple, and the relevant points can be referred to the method part for description.
The previous description of the disclosed embodiments is provided to enable any person skilled in the art to make or use the present invention. Various modifications to these embodiments will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, and the generic principles defined herein may be applied to other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of the invention. Thus, the present invention is not intended to be limited to the embodiments shown herein but is to be accorded the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.
Claims (8)
1. A data processing method of a PAF phased array receiver is characterized by comprising the following specific steps:
constructing a model: constructing a beam synthesis model according to the multi-beam model;
calculate the beamforming SNR and gain: acquiring an SNR beam forming output signal according to the relation between the interested signal in any receiving channel and the interference and noise signals; calculating the total gain of the array according to the relation between the SNR beam synthesis output and the SNR beam synthesis input;
optimizing a beam forming algorithm: and determining the minimum mean square error s according to the beam synthesis SNR and the gain.
2. The data processing method of the PAF phased array receiver according to claim 1, wherein the response of the array elements in the receiving array to the plane wave is:
after introducing the arrival time difference, the conversion is:
wherein, M is the array element of the mth relative reference array element; s is the minimum mean square error; k is a unit vector of the signal propagation direction; x is the position coordinate of the array element; c is the speed of light; t is time; τ is the time difference of arrival; a is the amplitude response; omega0Is the signal frequency;
is the starting phase.
3. The data processing method of the PAF phased array receiver according to claim 2, wherein the response of the receiving array to the plane wave is:
4. the data processing method of the PAF phased array receiver according to claim 3, wherein the model of the synthesized beam is:
wherein ,
the weighted conjugate transpose of the ith array element; i is the relative array element number.
5. The PAF phased array receiver data processing method according to claim 4, wherein the signal-to-noise ratio output of beamforming is:
wherein ,
is the signal-to-noise ratio of the array elements.
6. The data processing method of the PAF phased array receiver according to claim 5, wherein when the noise output of each array element is uncorrelated, the signal output of interest is specifically:
m is the number of array elements; w is a weight; s is the signal of interest.
7. The data processing method of the PAF phased array receiver according to claim 5, wherein when the noise output of each array element is uncorrelated, the interference and noise signal output is specifically:
n is interference and noise signal, N ~ (0, R)nn)；RnnIs the standard deviation.
8. The PAF phased array receiver data processing method of claim 5, wherein when determining the minimum mean square error s, estimating the minimum variance s based on the maximum approximate possible ML, the minimum variance s being estimated
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| CN114866125A (en) * | 2022-05-25 | 2022-08-05 | 中国科学院新疆天文台 | Beam scanning method of PAF receiver |
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| CN111884695A (en) * | 2020-07-16 | 2020-11-03 | 中国科学院国家天文台 | Digital back-end equipment of phase array feed source receiver and phase array feed source receiver |
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| CN111884695A (en) * | 2020-07-16 | 2020-11-03 | 中国科学院国家天文台 | Digital back-end equipment of phase array feed source receiver and phase array feed source receiver |
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| PRICE D C, ETC.: "HIPSR: A digital signal processor for the parkes 21-cm multibeam receiver", 《ARXIV》 * |
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| CN114866125A (en) * | 2022-05-25 | 2022-08-05 | 中国科学院新疆天文台 | Beam scanning method of PAF receiver |
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