CN113824428A - Self-adaptive analog equalizer for Ethernet receiving end and self-adaptive analog equalization method - Google Patents
Self-adaptive analog equalizer for Ethernet receiving end and self-adaptive analog equalization method Download PDFInfo
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- CN113824428A CN113824428A CN202111398964.2A CN202111398964A CN113824428A CN 113824428 A CN113824428 A CN 113824428A CN 202111398964 A CN202111398964 A CN 202111398964A CN 113824428 A CN113824428 A CN 113824428A
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
- H03H—IMPEDANCE NETWORKS, e.g. RESONANT CIRCUITS; RESONATORS
- H03H21/00—Adaptive networks
- H03H21/0012—Digital adaptive filters
- H03H21/0067—Means or methods for compensation of undesirable effects
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04B—TRANSMISSION
- H04B1/00—Details of transmission systems, not covered by a single one of groups H04B3/00 - H04B13/00; Details of transmission systems not characterised by the medium used for transmission
- H04B1/06—Receivers
- H04B1/10—Means associated with receiver for limiting or suppressing noise or interference
- H04B1/12—Neutralising, balancing, or compensation arrangements
- H04B1/123—Neutralising, balancing, or compensation arrangements using adaptive balancing or compensation means
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
- H03H—IMPEDANCE NETWORKS, e.g. RESONANT CIRCUITS; RESONATORS
- H03H21/00—Adaptive networks
- H03H21/0012—Digital adaptive filters
- H03H2021/007—Computation saving measures; Accelerating measures
- H03H2021/0079—Computation saving measures; Accelerating measures using look-up tables
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
- H03H—IMPEDANCE NETWORKS, e.g. RESONANT CIRCUITS; RESONATORS
- H03H21/00—Adaptive networks
- H03H21/0012—Digital adaptive filters
- H03H2021/0085—Applications
- H03H2021/0092—Equalization, i.e. inverse modeling
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Abstract
The invention discloses an adaptive analog equalizer for an Ethernet receiving end and an adaptive analog equalization method, which remove an algorithm detection unit corresponding to bandwidth on the basis of the traditional analog equalizer by utilizing the correlation between the amplitude and the bandwidth of a channel, obtain channel models of network cables with different lengths through protocol regulation, obtain a mapping table of the corresponding relation between a gain control word of a VGA and a CTLE bandwidth control word according to the channel models, set the gain of the VGA by a gain detection and adjustment unit through detecting the amplitude of a multi-bit digital signal, and realize the function of adjusting CTLE bandwidth compensation by a bandwidth adjustment unit according to a gain bandwidth mapping table. Compared with the traditional analog equalizer scheme, the method has the characteristics of short adjusting time, high convergence efficiency, simple loop control structure and the like.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of analog electronics, and particularly relates to an adaptive analog equalizer for an Ethernet receiving end and an adaptive analog equalization method.
Background
In a wired communication system, channel attenuation caused by the difference in cable length or the difference in the type of medium between the receiving and transmitting ports causes the signal received at the receiving end to be attenuated in both DC attenuation (insertion loss) and AC attenuation (bandwidth) compared with the original signal. For example, in an ethernet communication system, a receiving end needs to have a function of amplitude and frequency compensation to reduce the influence of channel attenuation on signal quality, and the function and task are implemented by a receiving end equalizer, and common analog equalizers include a Variable Gain Amplifier (VGA), a Continuous Time Linear Equalizer (CTLE), a Decision Feedback Equalizer (DFE), and the like.
As shown in fig. 1, before equalization, the received signal needs to be detected, and then the detection result is fed back to the corresponding module. The detection and process is generally performed in a digital-analog mixing manner, and an analog-to-digital converter (ADC) samples a signal at a receiving end, converts the analog signal into a multi-bit digital signal, and performs processing and judgment in a digital domain. Firstly, signal intensity detection is carried out in a digital domain to judge the amplitude attenuation of a received signal, and then the amplitude attenuation is converted into a control word to control the gain of the VGA. And secondly, performing overcompensation/undercompensation detection in a digital domain to judge overcompensation or undercompensation and channel bandwidth, and converting the frequency attenuation into a frequency compensation range of a bandwidth control word control CTLE. However, this method has certain disadvantages, and the simultaneous signal strength detection and overcompensation/undercompensation detection in the digital domain are complicated to determine the attenuation of the amplitude and frequency, and the method has a long adjustment time, and is liable to cause problems such as slow convergence speed or no convergence of the loop adjustment.
Disclosure of Invention
The purpose of the invention is as follows: the invention provides an Ethernet receiving end adaptive analog equalizer, aiming at solving the problems that the attenuation compensation method of the Ethernet receiving end analog equalizer on signal frequency is complex and the convergence speed of loop regulation is slow or not converged.
The invention also aims to provide an adaptive analog equalization method for the receiving end of the Ethernet.
The technical scheme is as follows: an Ethernet receiving end adaptive analog equalizer comprises a signal input end, a continuous time linear equalizer, a variable gain amplifier, an analog-to-digital conversion unit, a signal output end, an amplitude detection adjusting unit and a bandwidth adjusting unit which are sequentially connected; the input end of the amplitude detection and adjustment unit is connected with the signal output end, and the output end of the amplitude detection and adjustment unit is connected with the input ends of the variable gain amplifier and the bandwidth adjustment unit; the output end of the bandwidth adjusting unit is connected with the continuous time linear equalizer; the bandwidth adjusting unit is used for setting bandwidth compensation quantity according to the gain output by the amplitude detection adjusting unit and adjusting the continuous time linear equalizer according to the bandwidth compensation quantity.
Further, a gain bandwidth mapping table is preset in the bandwidth adjusting unit, the gain bandwidth mapping table includes a plurality of gears, each gear includes a corresponding gain and frequency compensation zero, and the corresponding relationship between the gain and frequency compensation zero is the corresponding relationship between the insertion loss and the bandwidth of cables with different lengths.
Further, the method for acquiring the corresponding relationship between the insertion loss and the bandwidth of the cables with different lengths comprises the following steps: and fitting the network cable frequency response curves with different lengths according with the Ethernet protocol to obtain the fitted frequency response curves, and obtaining the insertion loss and the bandwidth of the cables with different lengths according to the fitted frequency response curves.
Further, the frequency compensation zero in the gain bandwidth mapping table is a value range.
Further, the gain bandwidth mapping table is prepared according to a corresponding relationship between insertion loss and bandwidth of cables with different lengths, the gain bandwidth mapping table includes a gain and a frequency compensation zero, the gain is an insertion loss compensation amount, the frequency compensation zero is a bandwidth corresponding to the insertion loss, and the gain bandwidth mapping table is:
| gear position | Gain (dB) | Frequency compensation zero (Hz) |
| 1 | 0 | Zero ≥100M |
| 2 | 1 | 20.3M~30.5 |
| 3 | 2 | 8.6M~12.6M |
| 4 | 3 | 4.9M~7.3M |
| 5 | 4 | 3.5M~4.8M |
| 6 | 5 | 2.6M~3.3M |
| 7 | 6 | 2.1M~2.5M |
An Ethernet receiving end self-adaptive analog equalization method comprises the following steps:
step one, presetting a gain bandwidth mapping table in a bandwidth adjusting unit, wherein the gain bandwidth mapping table comprises a plurality of gears, each gear comprises a corresponding gain and frequency compensation zero point, and the corresponding relation of the gain and frequency compensation zero points is the corresponding relation of insertion loss and bandwidth of cables with different lengths;
secondly, sequentially compensating the frequency and the amplitude of the input signal, and converting the analog signal into a multi-bit digital signal through an ADC (analog-to-digital converter);
step three, collecting the amplitude of the multi-bit digital signal, calculating the insertion loss, setting the gain according to the insertion loss, and adjusting the variable gain amplifier according to the gain to perform amplitude compensation;
meanwhile, the bandwidth adjusting unit determines a compensation gear according to the gain obtained in the step three by using the gain bandwidth mapping table, sets a bandwidth compensation amount by a frequency compensation zero point in the gear, and adjusts the continuous time linear equalizer to perform frequency compensation according to the bandwidth compensation amount;
and step four, returning to execute the step two until the output signal is converged.
Further, the method for acquiring the corresponding relationship between the insertion loss and the bandwidth of the cables with different lengths comprises the following steps: and fitting the network cable frequency response curves with different lengths according with the Ethernet protocol to obtain the fitted frequency response curves, and obtaining the insertion loss and the bandwidth of the cables with different lengths according to the fitted frequency response curves.
Further, the gain bandwidth mapping table is prepared according to a corresponding relationship between insertion loss and bandwidth of cables with different lengths, the gain bandwidth mapping table includes a gain and a frequency compensation zero, the gain is an insertion loss compensation amount, the frequency compensation zero is a bandwidth corresponding to the insertion loss, and the gain bandwidth mapping table is:
| gear position | Gain (dB) | Frequency compensation zero (Hz) |
| 1 | 0 | Zero ≥100M |
| 2 | 1 | 20.3M~30.5 |
| 3 | 2 | 8.6M~12.6M |
| 4 | 3 | 4.9M~7.3M |
| 5 | 4 | 3.5M~4.8M |
| 6 | 5 | 2.6M~3.3M |
| 7 | 6 | 2.1M~2.5M |
Further, in the third step, after the compensation gear is determined, a value is taken within the range of the frequency compensation zero corresponding to the gear as the bandwidth compensation amount.
Furthermore, in the third step, according to the bandwidth compensation amount, setting a bandwidth control word, and adjusting the continuous time linear equalizer by using the bandwidth control word to perform frequency compensation.
Has the advantages that: the invention provides an Ethernet receiving end adaptive analog equalizer and an adaptive analog equalizing method, compared with the prior art, the invention utilizes the correlation between the insertion loss and the bandwidth of a network cable, detects the signal amplitude of the receiving end only in a digital domain, removes an algorithm detection unit corresponding to the bandwidth on the basis of the traditional method, directly converts the gain output by an amplitude detection and adjustment unit into the bandwidth compensation quantity of a CTLE (computer to le), realizes frequency adjustment while automatically adjusting the gain, greatly simplifies the whole scheme, has simple loop control structure and simple operation method, but has faster adjustment time and higher convergence rate than the traditional scheme.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a block diagram of a conventional Ethernet receiving end analog equalizer;
FIG. 2 is a block diagram of the structure of an Ethernet receiving end adaptive analog equalizer of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a frequency response curve for channels of different lengths;
FIG. 4 is a frequency response curve for channels of different lengths compensated using the present invention;
fig. 5 is a signal comparison of channels of different lengths before and after compensation.
Detailed Description
The invention is further explained below with reference to the figures and the specific embodiments.
As shown in fig. 2, an adaptive analog equalizer at an ethernet receiving end includes a signal input end, a continuous time linear equalizer, a variable gain amplifier, an analog-to-digital conversion unit, a signal output end, an amplitude detection adjusting unit, and a bandwidth adjusting unit, which are connected in sequence; the input end of the amplitude detection and adjustment unit is connected with the signal output end, and the output end of the amplitude detection and adjustment unit is connected with the input ends of the variable gain amplifier and the bandwidth adjustment unit; the output end of the bandwidth adjusting unit is connected with the continuous time linear equalizer; the bandwidth adjusting unit is used for setting bandwidth compensation quantity according to the gain output by the amplitude detection adjusting unit and adjusting the continuous time linear equalizer according to the bandwidth compensation quantity.
The input signal passes through the CTLE with the bandwidth compensation function and the VGA with the gain control function, then is converted into a multi-bit digital signal through the ADC, then amplitude detection is carried out on the multi-bit digital signal in a digital domain by using an amplitude detection and adjustment unit, and the VGA and the CTLE are simultaneously controlled according to the result of the amplitude detection, so that the function of loop automatic gain frequency control is realized. The amplitude detection and adjustment unit controls the VGA to adjust the signal amplitude through outputting the gain control word, and the bandwidth adjustment unit controls the CTLE to adjust the signal frequency through outputting the bandwidth control word.
The bandwidth adjusting unit is preset with a gain bandwidth mapping table, the gain bandwidth mapping table comprises a plurality of gears, each gear comprises a corresponding gain and frequency compensation zero, and the corresponding relation of the gain and frequency compensation zero is the corresponding relation of insertion loss and bandwidth of cables with different lengths.
The corresponding relation between the insertion loss and the bandwidth of the cables with different lengths is obtained by an Ethernet IEEE802.3 protocol. The net wire frequency response curves with different lengths according with the Ethernet IEEE802.3 protocol can obtain a solid line in the graph 3 through testing, the solid line is fitted, the fitted frequency response curve is obtained and is shown as a dotted line in the graph 3, the curve has a first-order low-pass characteristic and can be replaced by a first-order RC network, the first-order low-pass transmission function can be compensated through a first-order transmission function in the CTLE, the zero point of the first-order transmission function in the CTLE is the pole of the first-order low-pass characteristic cable, the zero points are mutually offset, and therefore wider bandwidth and flat frequency response are obtained. Further, the insertion loss and the bandwidth of the cable with the length of 0-80 m can be obtained according to the frequency response curve of the fitted curve in FIG. 3, as shown in Table I.
Insertion loss and bandwidth of cable with meter I of 0-80 m
| Cable length (m) | Insertion loss (dB) | -3dB bandwidth (Hz) |
| 0 | 0 | >100M |
| 20m | 0.8 | 27.9 |
| 40m | 1.6 | 12.6 |
| 80m | 2.9 | 6.2M |
| 150m | 4.9 | 3.1M |
According to the regulations of the insertion loss and the bandwidth of cables with different lengths by the Ethernet protocol, a mapping relation table (gain bandwidth mapping table) from VGA to CTLE is provided by combining the data in the first table, and is shown in the second table. The gain is the insertion loss compensation quantity, and is determined by the insertion loss, and the amount of the insertion loss is the amount of the gain to be compensated; the frequency compensation zero is determined by the bandwidth corresponding to the insertion loss, and the zero of the first-order transmission function in the CTLE is the pole of the first-order low-pass characteristic cable. And in the second table, Zero is a compensation Zero, and the table shows the interval range of the frequency compensation Zero corresponding to each gear, because the channel allows certain under-compensation in the compensation process, which provides sufficient margin for the design of a circuit, and the under-compensation in the proper range does not cause the closure of an eye diagram and the increase of the error rate. And setting the frequency compensation zero in the gain bandwidth mapping table as a value range, and acquiring the bandwidth compensation from the range.
Table two gain bandwidth mapping table
| Gear position | Gain (dB) | Frequency compensation zero (Hz) |
| 1 | 0 | Zero ≥100M |
| 2 | 1 | 20.3M~30.5 |
| 3 | 2 | 8.6M~12.6M |
| 4 | 3 | 4.9M~7.3M |
| 5 | 4 | 3.5M~4.8M |
| 6 | 5 | 2.6M~3.3M |
| 7 | 6 | 2.1M~2.5M |
According to the corresponding relationship between gain and bandwidth in the gain-bandwidth mapping table, the gain (gain control word of VGA) can be converted into bandwidth compensation quantity (bandwidth compensation control word of CTLE) to realize the bandwidth compensation function of CTLE.
An Ethernet receiving end self-adaptive analog equalization method comprises the following steps:
step one, presetting a gain bandwidth mapping table in a bandwidth adjusting unit, wherein the gain bandwidth mapping table comprises a plurality of gears, each gear comprises a corresponding gain and frequency compensation zero point, and the corresponding relation of the gain and frequency compensation zero points is the corresponding relation of insertion loss and bandwidth of cables with different lengths;
secondly, sequentially compensating the frequency and the amplitude of the input signal, and converting the analog signal into a multi-bit digital signal through an ADC (analog-to-digital converter);
step three, collecting the amplitude of the multi-bit digital signal, calculating the insertion loss, setting the gain according to the insertion loss, and adjusting the variable gain amplifier according to the gain to perform amplitude compensation;
meanwhile, the bandwidth adjusting unit determines a compensation gear according to the gain obtained in the step three by using the gain bandwidth mapping table, sets a bandwidth compensation amount by a frequency compensation zero point in the gear, and adjusts the continuous time linear equalizer to perform frequency compensation according to the bandwidth compensation amount;
and step four, returning to execute the step two until the output signal is converged.
Experiments show that the frequency response curves of the channels with different lengths compensated by the method are shown in fig. 4, and compared with fig. 3, the frequency response curves are smoother and the compensation effect is better. Fig. 5 is a comparison of eye diagrams of signals of channels with different lengths before and after compensation, the eye diagram after compensation on the right side is obviously expanded, the bandwidth of the signal after compensation is increased, and the initial signal restoration degree is higher.
The adaptive equalizer of the embodiment removes the algorithm detection unit corresponding to the bandwidth on the basis of the traditional analog equalizer by utilizing the correlation between the amplitude and the bandwidth of the channel. Obtaining channel models of network cables with different lengths according to protocol regulations, obtaining a mapping table of the corresponding relation between gain (gain control word of VGA) and bandwidth (CTLE bandwidth control word) according to the channel models, adjusting the VGA gain through an automatic gain control loop after an amplitude detection and adjustment unit detects the amplitude of a multi-bit digital signal at an output end, and setting bandwidth compensation quantity according to the gain bandwidth mapping table so as to realize the effect of adjusting the CTLE bandwidth. Compared with the traditional analog equalizer scheme, the method has the characteristics of short regulation time, high convergence efficiency, simple loop control structure and the like.
Claims (10)
1. An Ethernet receiving end adaptive analog equalizer is characterized by comprising a signal input end, a continuous time linear equalizer, a variable gain amplifier, an analog-to-digital conversion unit, a signal output end, an amplitude detection adjusting unit and a bandwidth adjusting unit which are sequentially connected; the input end of the amplitude detection and adjustment unit is connected with the signal output end, and the output end of the amplitude detection and adjustment unit is connected with the input ends of the variable gain amplifier and the bandwidth adjustment unit; the output end of the bandwidth adjusting unit is connected with the continuous time linear equalizer; the bandwidth adjusting unit is used for setting bandwidth compensation quantity according to the gain output by the amplitude detection adjusting unit and adjusting the continuous time linear equalizer according to the bandwidth compensation quantity.
2. The adaptive analog equalizer at the ethernet receiving end according to claim 1, wherein a gain bandwidth mapping table is preset in the bandwidth adjusting unit, the gain bandwidth mapping table includes a plurality of gears, each gear includes a corresponding gain and frequency compensation zero, and the corresponding relationship between the gain and frequency compensation zero is the corresponding relationship between insertion loss and bandwidth of cables with different lengths.
3. The adaptive analog equalizer at the receiving end of the ethernet according to claim 2, wherein the method for obtaining the corresponding relationship between the insertion loss and the bandwidth of the cables with different lengths comprises: and fitting the network cable frequency response curves with different lengths according with the Ethernet protocol to obtain the fitted frequency response curves, and obtaining the insertion loss and the bandwidth of the cables with different lengths according to the fitted frequency response curves.
4. The Ethernet receiving end adaptive analog equalizer of claim 2 or 3, wherein the frequency compensation zero in the gain bandwidth mapping table is a value range.
5. The ethernet receiving end adaptive analog equalizer according to claim 2 or 3, wherein the gain bandwidth mapping table is prepared according to a corresponding relationship between insertion loss and bandwidth of cables with different lengths, the gain bandwidth mapping table includes a gain and a frequency compensation zero, the gain is an insertion loss compensation amount, the frequency compensation zero is a bandwidth corresponding to insertion loss, and the gain bandwidth mapping table is:
。
6. An Ethernet receiving end self-adaptive analog equalization method is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step one, presetting a gain bandwidth mapping table in a bandwidth adjusting unit, wherein the gain bandwidth mapping table comprises a plurality of gears, each gear comprises a corresponding gain and frequency compensation zero point, and the corresponding relation of the gain and frequency compensation zero points is the corresponding relation of insertion loss and bandwidth of cables with different lengths;
secondly, sequentially compensating the frequency and the amplitude of the input signal, and converting the analog signal into a multi-bit digital signal through an ADC (analog-to-digital converter);
step three, collecting the amplitude of the multi-bit digital signal, calculating the insertion loss, setting the gain according to the insertion loss, and adjusting the variable gain amplifier according to the gain to perform amplitude compensation;
meanwhile, the bandwidth adjusting unit determines a compensation gear according to the gain obtained in the step three by using the gain bandwidth mapping table, sets a bandwidth compensation amount by a frequency compensation zero point in the gear, and adjusts the continuous time linear equalizer to perform frequency compensation according to the bandwidth compensation amount;
and step four, returning to execute the step two until the output signal is converged.
7. The method for adaptive analog equalization at an ethernet receiving end according to claim 6, wherein the method for obtaining the correspondence between the insertion loss and the bandwidth of the cables with different lengths comprises: and fitting the network cable frequency response curves with different lengths according with the Ethernet protocol to obtain the fitted frequency response curves, and obtaining the insertion loss and the bandwidth of the cables with different lengths according to the fitted frequency response curves.
8. The ethernet receiving end adaptive analog balancing method according to claim 6 or 7, wherein the gain bandwidth mapping table is made according to a corresponding relationship between insertion loss and bandwidth of cables with different lengths, the gain bandwidth mapping table includes a gain and a frequency compensation zero, the gain is an insertion loss compensation amount, the frequency compensation zero is a bandwidth corresponding to the insertion loss, and the gain bandwidth mapping table is:
。
9. The adaptive analog balancing method for ethernet receiving terminals according to claim 8, wherein in step three, after the compensation gear is determined, a value is taken within a frequency compensation zero range corresponding to the gear as a bandwidth compensation amount.
10. The Ethernet receiving end adaptive analog equalization method according to claim 6 or 7, characterized in that in step three, a bandwidth control word is set according to the bandwidth compensation amount, and the continuous time linear equalizer is adjusted by the bandwidth control word to perform frequency compensation.
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Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN101741402A (en) * | 2009-12-24 | 2010-06-16 | 北京韦加航通科技有限责任公司 | Wireless receiver applicable to ultra-large dynamic range under wireless communication system |
| CN206313811U (en) * | 2015-10-16 | 2017-07-07 | 赛灵思公司 | Circuit for enabling equalizing circuit self adaptation |
| CN112532550A (en) * | 2020-12-01 | 2021-03-19 | 盛科网络（苏州）有限公司 | Automatic tuning system for Ethernet receiving end equalizer |
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- 2021-11-24 CN CN202111398964.2A patent/CN113824428A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN101741402A (en) * | 2009-12-24 | 2010-06-16 | 北京韦加航通科技有限责任公司 | Wireless receiver applicable to ultra-large dynamic range under wireless communication system |
| CN206313811U (en) * | 2015-10-16 | 2017-07-07 | 赛灵思公司 | Circuit for enabling equalizing circuit self adaptation |
| CN112532550A (en) * | 2020-12-01 | 2021-03-19 | 盛科网络（苏州）有限公司 | Automatic tuning system for Ethernet receiving end equalizer |
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