CN113824400A - Photovoltaic cell energy efficiency graph measuring method based on orthogonal modulation - Google Patents
Photovoltaic cell energy efficiency graph measuring method based on orthogonal modulation Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a photovoltaic cell energy efficiency diagram measuring method based on orthogonal modulation, which specifically comprises the following steps: step 1, determining the number of projection pixels according to the range of a region to be measured of a photovoltaic cell and the size of the projection pixels, and determining a projection matrix based on the number of the projection pixels; step 2, constructing a sub-projection matrix, and using the sub-projection matrix to control the structured light to irradiate the area to be measured to obtain a measured value; step 3, arranging the measured values in the column direction to form a measurement vector, and performing post-processing on the measurement vector to obtain an energy efficiency graph of the area to be measured; the method disclosed by the invention is less influenced by environmental noise, and a high-precision and accurate photovoltaic cell energy efficiency diagram can be obtained.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of photovoltaic cell detection, and relates to a photovoltaic cell energy efficiency graph measuring method based on orthogonal modulation.
Background
The photoelectric conversion effect of the photovoltaic cell is the most potential solar energy-electric energy conversion mode, however, the surface defects such as fragmentation and hidden cracking are easily introduced into the photovoltaic cell in the processes of production, deployment and use, the quality and the service life of the photovoltaic cell are greatly reduced, the surface defects of the photovoltaic cell are efficiently and accurately detected, and the screening and classification of the photovoltaic cell are necessary steps for improving the quality and the consistency of products and saving the cost.
Because the output of the photovoltaic cell is the integral of the whole light receiving surface and is the sum of the photoelectric outputs of all points, the photoelectric output of each point is difficult to determine, and the specific position of the surface defect is difficult to determine, therefore, the precondition for detecting the surface defect of the photovoltaic cell is as follows: and accurately acquiring the photoelectric conversion efficiency of each point to be measured to obtain a photoelectric conversion energy efficiency diagram of the photovoltaic cell.
The photovoltaic cell energy efficiency diagram imaging methods widely adopted at present are divided into two types:
the first type is based on the Electro Luminescence (Electro Luminescence) characteristics of photovoltaic materials, bias voltage is added among the photovoltaic materials, the photovoltaic materials are imaged due to weak infrared radiation generated by the Electro Luminescence, the method is essentially to image the structure of the photovoltaic materials, an equivalent photovoltaic cell energy efficiency diagram is obtained by utilizing the material structure image, the imaging speed is high, the resolution ratio is high, however, the method can only image specific photovoltaic materials, the obtained energy efficiency diagram is an equivalent image, contains crystal structure characteristics, and cannot truly reflect the energy efficiency of the photovoltaic cells under the actual working state.
The second type is represented by a Light Beam Induced Current (Light Beam Induced Current) method, each test point of a photovoltaic cell is illuminated point by laser, the short-circuit Current output of the photovoltaic cell is tested, and an energy efficiency graph of the whole region to be tested is obtained.
In conclusion, the electroluminescence cannot truly reflect the photoelectric conversion efficiency of the photovoltaic cell, and the traditional photo-induced current method has the defects of small light spot, low energy and easy noise interference during high-precision detection.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to achieve the above object, an embodiment of the present invention provides a photovoltaic cell energy efficiency map measuring method based on orthogonal modulation, which illuminates all pixel points of a region to be measured simultaneously by using structured light after orthogonal modulation, detects a superimposed value of short-circuit currents output by a plurality of measurement points, measures the region to be measured for multiple times, and reduces environmental noise of each measurement point by using a noise cancellation principle, so that the measured photovoltaic cell energy efficiency map is clearer and more accurate.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention is that the photovoltaic cell energy efficiency diagram measuring method based on orthogonal modulation specifically comprises the following steps:
step 1, determining the number of projection pixels according to the size of the region to be measured of the photovoltaic cell and the size of the set projection pixelsNGenerating a Hadamard projection matrix from the number of projection pixelsH N×N ；
Step 2, projecting the Hadamard projection matrixH N×N Is decomposed intoNSub-projection matrices, which use each sub-projection matrix to orthogonally modulate the structured light projection pattern, and simultaneously illuminate the region to be measured of the photovoltaic cell with each structured lightNA measuring point, detectingNThe superposition value of the short-circuit current output by each measuring point is obtainedNA measured value, willNArranging the measured values in the column direction to form a measured vector;
step 3, demodulating the measurement vector to obtainNAnd mapping the information of the measuring points into pixel values to obtain an energy efficiency graph of the region to be measured of the photovoltaic cell.
Further, the construction process of the projection matrix is as follows:
step 1-1, generating the order of
The hadamard mother matrix of (a) is,m、nthe number of projection pixels of each row and each column respectively;
in the step 1-2, the step of the method,intercepted Hadamard mother matrix front 1 &m×nPersonal, 1 &m×nThe column elements form a Hadamard submatrix;
step 1-3, replacing elements with the median value of-1 in the Hadamard submatrix with elements with the median value of 0 to obtain a Hadamard projection matrixH N×N ，N=m×n。
Further, the sub-projection matrix is obtained according to the following steps: projecting Hadamard into matrixH N×N As a projection vector, dividing the elements of the projection vectors intomHas a length ofnAnd are arranged in order to formmLine ofnA sub-projection matrix of columns.
Further, the step 3 comprises the following steps:
step 3-1, zero padding is carried out on the tail part of the measurement vector to generate a length of
The extended measurement vector of (2);
step 3-2, inverting the Hadamard mother matrix to obtain a Hadamard inverse matrix, and multiplying the Hadamard inverse matrix and the extended measurement vector to obtain an extended reconstruction vector;
step 3-3, before intercepting the expanded reconstruction vectorm×nElements arranged in a column-first manner tomLine ofnAnd generating the energy efficiency graph by taking the element values of the reconstruction matrix as pixel values.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: the invention utilizes the structure light after the quadrature modulation to the region to be measured of the photovoltaic cellNIrradiating the measuring points at the same time, detecting the superposition value of the output short-circuit currents of the measuring points, and reducing the interference of the environmental noise and the like on each measuring point to the interference on single-point measurement by utilizing the noise cancellation principle1/NThe method can obtain a higher-quality energy efficiency graph of the region to be measured in the same noise environment, and has good anti-noise performance; in the embodiment of the invention, when the information of different measurement points is separated by utilizing the irrelevance between orthogonal vectors, complicated iteration is not needed, only one time of matrix product operation is needed, and the calculation complexity is low.
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In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below, it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and for those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained according to the drawings without creative efforts.
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a schematic view of a projection area.
Fig. 3 is a structured light live shot.
Fig. 4 is a graph of energy efficiency of a region to be measured of a photovoltaic cell measured according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 5 is a graph of energy efficiency of a region to be measured of a photovoltaic cell measured by the prior art.
Fig. 6 is a schematic diagram of a prior art measurement.
Fig. 7 is a schematic measurement diagram of an embodiment of the invention.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Example 1
As shown in fig. 1, the photovoltaic cell energy efficiency map measuring method based on orthogonal modulation specifically includes the following steps:
step 1, determining the number of projection pixels according to the range of a region to be measured of the photovoltaic cell and the size of the projection pixels, and constructing a projection matrix based on the number of projection pixels, wherein the specific process is as follows:
step 1-1, as shown in fig. 2, setting the to-be-detected area of the photovoltaic cell to be a rectangular area of 13.6mm × 13.6mm, setting a rectangle with a light spot size of 106.4 μm × 106.4 μm corresponding to each projection pixel, and covering the whole to-be-detected area by using a projection area of 128 × 128 pixels;
step 1-2, generating an order of 1 or-1 as an element
A walsh-hadamard matrix of =128 × 128 as a hadamard mother matrix;
wherein
Is expressed as log2(m×n) In order to ensure that the sampling times are minimum and the solved matrix is reversible, the embodiment of the invention calculates the minimum and applicable Hadamard mother matrix according to the total number of projection pixels;
step 1-3, intercepting 1-128 multiplied by 128 rows and 1-128 multiplied by 128 columns of elements of a Hadamard mother matrix to form a Hadamard submatrix with the order of 16384 multiplied by 16384;
step 1-4, replacing elements with the median value of-1 in the Hadamard submatrix with elements with the median value of 0 to obtain a Hadamard projection matrixH 16384×16384 ；
Step 2, constructing a sub-projection matrix based on the Hadamard projection matrix, as shown in FIG. 3, for orthogonally modulating the structured light projection pattern, irradiating the region to be measured of the photovoltaic cell with the structured light to obtain a measurement value, and arranging the measurement values in a column direction to form a measurement vector;
step 2-1, projecting Hadamard matrixH 16384×16384 Each line in the image is used as a projection vector to obtain 16384 projection vectors;
step 2-2, dividing elements of each projection vector into 128 column vectors with the length of 128, and sequentially arranging the column vectors according to the sequence to form 16384 128 rows and 128 columns of sub-projection matrixes;
step 2-3, each element of each sub-projection matrix is used for controlling a corresponding pixel of the structured light output equipment, controllable structured light corresponding to each sub-projection matrix is output, and the structured light array is used for simultaneously illuminating the area to be measured of the photovoltaic cellNA measuring point, i.e. aboutm×nProjecting the controllable structure light corresponding to each projection pixel point to the surface of the photovoltaic cellIs/are as followsm×nA region to be tested consisting of pixel points;
the structured light output device is a device which can output structured light, such as an industrial projector, a laser array and the like;
step 2-4, collecting the structural light on the photovoltaic cell after irradiationNThe superposed value of the short-circuit current values is output as a measured value by each measuring point, namely, no matter how many light spots irradiate the solar panel, the output of the measuring points at the same time only has the current between the positive electrode and the negative electrode, and 16384 measured values are arranged in the column direction to form a measuring vector;
in the embodiment of the invention, the test points of a plurality of regions to be measured are simultaneously illuminated by the structured light after orthogonal modulation, and the noise on the test points is added and cancelled by using the current superposition characteristic of the photovoltaic cell when the short-circuit current is measured, so that the influence of environmental noise and the like on the measurement result is reduced, and the quality of the measurement result is improved;
step 3, demodulating the measurement vector to obtainNMapping the information of each measuring point into a pixel value to obtain an energy efficiency graph of the region to be measured of the photovoltaic cell;
step 3-1, zero padding is carried out on the tail part of the measurement vector to generate an extended measurement vector with the length of 16384;
step 3-2, inverting the Hadamard mother matrix to obtain a Hadamard inverse matrix, and multiplying the Hadamard inverse matrix and the extended measurement vector to obtain an extended reconstruction vector with the length of 16384;
and 3-3, intercepting the first 16384 elements of the expanded reconstruction vector, arranging the elements into a 128-row and 128-column reconstruction matrix in a column-first mode, and generating the reconstruction energy efficiency diagram shown in fig. 4 by taking the element values of the reconstruction matrix as pixel values.
When the energy efficiency diagram of the photovoltaic cell is measured by using the embodiment of the invention, the point number of the region to be measured cannot be guaranteed to be an exponential power of 2, but the order number of the Hadamard matrix must be an exponential power of 2, so that a Hadamard mother matrix needs to be generated firstly, and then a Hadamard sub-matrix with the same size as the region to be measured is intercepted from the Hadamard mother matrix for projection measurement; when the original signal is recovered, matrix inversion requires that the matrix is a square matrix, so that the Hadamard mother matrix can only be inverted, and zero padding is performed on a measurement vector to make the length of the measurement vector the same as the order number of the matrix.
The environmental noise interference, the amplifier noise interference and the collector noise interference which are suffered by the photovoltaic device during detection all have zero-mean distribution characteristics, namely the statistical average value of a plurality of samples is zero, the more the samples are, the closer the statistical average value is to zero, as shown in fig. 6, the traditional light-induced current scans the photovoltaic cell point by point, one point is illuminated each time, and the short-circuit current is directly measured, so that the noises suffered by a plurality of points cannot be cancelled, the obtained energy efficiency graph is shown in fig. 5, the energy efficiency graph is not clear, and patterns formed by various noises are also contained.
Embodiment of the invention constructsNAnm×nA sub-projection matrix for orthogonally modulating the structured light projection pattern using the sub-projection matrix, with each element thereof controlling a corresponding pixel output of the structured light output devicem×nOne pixel point, as shown in FIG. 7, illuminating the area to be measured at the same timeNA measuring point at each time of measurementm×nThe output short-circuit current of each measuring point is physically superposed by the solar cell panel to obtain a total current value, and because the noise of the measuring points has the characteristic that the statistical expected value is zero, the more the measuring points are added, the better the noise elimination effect is, the embodiment of the invention adds the detection results of the measuring points, can eliminate the measuring noise and enables the energy efficiency graph obtained by detection to be clearer; in view of each measured value comprisingNMixing information of the measuring points, finally by demodulationNDecoded from the measured valueNThe respective information of each measuring point is mapped into a pixel value to obtain a reconstructed energy efficiency graph, and the reconstruction energy efficiency graph is ensuredNWhile the information of each measuring point is not changed, realizeNThe noise of each measuring point is cancelled, and the average power of the overall noise interfering the measurement is effectively reduced, so that the measuring method disclosed by the invention is less influenced by the environmental noise, and a photovoltaic cell energy efficiency image with higher quality can be obtained under the same environmental noise.
The method utilizes the characteristic that noise is irrelevant to any signal, uses mutually orthogonal structured light to detect the photovoltaic cell to be detected, ensures that the detection signal is not interfered by noise in the sampling process, utilizes the characteristic that the noise statistics expectation is zero, measures the total output of the photovoltaic cell, reduces the interference of the noise to useful signals, reconstructs the energy efficiency diagram of the photovoltaic cell by utilizing a corresponding reconstruction algorithm, has simple process and low calculation complexity, and obtains the energy efficiency diagram of the photovoltaic cell with high precision and good accuracy.
All the embodiments in the present specification are described in a related manner, and the same and similar parts among the embodiments may be referred to each other, and each embodiment focuses on the differences from the other embodiments.
The above description is only for the preferred embodiment of the present invention, and is not intended to limit the scope of the present invention. Any modification, equivalent replacement, or improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (4)
1. The photovoltaic cell energy efficiency diagram measuring method based on orthogonal modulation is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step 1, determining the number of projection pixels according to the size of the region to be measured of the photovoltaic cell and the size of the set projection pixelsNGenerating a Hadamard projection matrix from the number of projection pixelsH N×N ；
Step 2, projecting the Hadamard projection matrixH N×N Is decomposed intoNSub-projection matrices, which use each sub-projection matrix to orthogonally modulate the structured light projection pattern, and simultaneously illuminate the region to be measured of the photovoltaic cell with each structured lightNA measuring point, detectingNThe superposition value of the short-circuit current output by each measuring point is obtainedNA measured value, willNArranging the measured values in the column direction to form a measured vector;
step 3, demodulating the measurement vector to obtainNAnd mapping the information of the measuring points into pixel values to obtain an energy efficiency graph of the region to be measured of the photovoltaic cell.
2. The orthogonal modulation-based photovoltaic cell energy efficiency map measuring method according to claim 1, wherein the projection matrix is constructed by the following process:
step (ii) of1-1, the order is generated according to the number of projected pixels
The hadamard mother matrix of (a) is,m、nthe number of projection pixels of each row and each column respectively;
step 1-2, intercepting Hadamard mother matrix front 1Em×nPersonal, 1 &m×nThe column elements form a Hadamard submatrix;
step 1-3, replacing elements with the median value of-1 in the Hadamard submatrix with elements with the median value of 0 to obtain a Hadamard projection matrixH N×N ，N=m×n。
3. The photovoltaic cell energy efficiency map measuring method based on orthogonal modulation according to claim 1, characterized in that the sub-projection matrix is obtained according to the following steps: projecting Hadamard into matrixH N×N As a projection vector, dividing the elements of the projection vectors intomHas a length ofnAnd are arranged in order to formmLine ofnA sub-projection matrix of columns.
4. The method for measuring the energy efficiency map of the photovoltaic cell based on the orthogonal modulation as claimed in claim 1, wherein the step 3 comprises the following steps:
step 3-1, zero padding is carried out on the tail part of the measurement vector to generate a length of
The extended measurement vector of (2);
step 3-2, inverting the Hadamard mother matrix to obtain a Hadamard inverse matrix, and multiplying the Hadamard inverse matrix and the extended measurement vector to obtain an extended reconstruction vector;
step 3-3, before intercepting the expanded reconstruction vectorm×nElements arranged in a column-first manner tomLine ofnAnd generating the energy efficiency graph by taking the element values of the reconstruction matrix as pixel values.
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