CN113824327B - Multi-input multi-output asynchronous DC-DC converter with mixed working mode - Google Patents
Multi-input multi-output asynchronous DC-DC converter with mixed working mode Download PDFInfo
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Classifications
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
- H02M3/00—Conversion of DC power input into DC power output
- H02M3/02—Conversion of DC power input into DC power output without intermediate conversion into AC
- H02M3/04—Conversion of DC power input into DC power output without intermediate conversion into AC by static converters
- H02M3/10—Conversion of DC power input into DC power output without intermediate conversion into AC by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
- H02M3/145—Conversion of DC power input into DC power output without intermediate conversion into AC by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
- H02M3/155—Conversion of DC power input into DC power output without intermediate conversion into AC by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only
- H02M3/156—Conversion of DC power input into DC power output without intermediate conversion into AC by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only with automatic control of output voltage or current, e.g. switching regulators
- H02M3/158—Conversion of DC power input into DC power output without intermediate conversion into AC by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only with automatic control of output voltage or current, e.g. switching regulators including plural semiconductor devices as final control devices for a single load
- H02M3/1582—Buck-boost converters
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
- H02J7/0063—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries with circuits adapted for supplying loads from the battery
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
- H02J7/0068—Battery or charger load switching, e.g. concurrent charging and load supply
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
- H02M1/00—Details of apparatus for conversion
- H02M1/14—Arrangements for reducing ripples from DC input or output
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
- H02M3/00—Conversion of DC power input into DC power output
- H02M3/02—Conversion of DC power input into DC power output without intermediate conversion into AC
- H02M3/04—Conversion of DC power input into DC power output without intermediate conversion into AC by static converters
- H02M3/10—Conversion of DC power input into DC power output without intermediate conversion into AC by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
- H02M3/145—Conversion of DC power input into DC power output without intermediate conversion into AC by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
- H02M3/155—Conversion of DC power input into DC power output without intermediate conversion into AC by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only
- H02M3/156—Conversion of DC power input into DC power output without intermediate conversion into AC by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only with automatic control of output voltage or current, e.g. switching regulators
- H02M3/157—Conversion of DC power input into DC power output without intermediate conversion into AC by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only with automatic control of output voltage or current, e.g. switching regulators with digital control
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Power Engineering (AREA)
- Dc-Dc Converters (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to a multi-input multi-output asynchronous DC-DC converter in a mixed working mode, which comprises a multi-input multi-output circuit and a mixed working mode asynchronous DC-DC conversion control circuit; the mixed working mode asynchronous DC-DC conversion control circuit comprises an asynchronous signal generation module and an asynchronous control logic module, wherein the asynchronous control logic module utilizes a finite state machine cycle period as the working period of the asynchronous control logic module according to an input signal of the asynchronous signal generation module, and asynchronously controls SH1, SH2, SH3, SHn, SHG, SHB, SL1, SL2, SL3, SLm and SLG and SLB switches to enable the multi-input multi-output circuit to switch among three working modes, so that asynchronous DC-DC conversion with small output ripple and sufficient energy supply to a load is realized, the three working modes comprise a mode 1 energy source for charging an inductor, a mode 2 inductor for supplying energy to the load, and a mode 3 energy source for supplying energy to the load through the inductor. The beneficial effects are that energy collection and supply are abundant.
Description
[ field of technology ]
The invention relates to the technical field of analog integrated circuits, in particular to a multi-input multi-output asynchronous DC-DC converter in a mixed working mode.
[ background Art ]
The internet of things is a strategic application following cloud computing and mobile internet, and through fusion with a 5G communication technology, the internet of things core chip is expected to promote new strategic markets. The sensing node for realizing sensing and wireless communication of signals is a key core of the Internet of things. A small, low cost, long-term operation of the sensing node relies on a sufficient and reliable energy supply. The battery can only provide extremely limited energy due to the size and cost of the node, and cannot meet the requirement of long-time operation. Therefore, the contradiction between the energy supply and demand of the sensing node is solved, which is a key bottleneck for restricting the large-scale deployment and application of the sensing node and is one of key core technologies of the technology of the Internet of things.
In recent years, various ubiquitous energy collection technologies are developed, energy such as light energy, temperature difference energy, mechanical energy, electromagnetic energy and the like is converted into electric energy, and the ubiquitous energy collection technologies are utilized to continuously provide energy for the sensing node and construct a self-energy supply node. However, the unstable nature of ubiquitous energy, which is susceptible to environmental influences, makes it difficult for an energy harvesting circuit that relies solely on a single energy source to provide a sufficiently stable energy supply that can only be used as a complement to node energy. The implementation of self-powered nodes must therefore be based on a variety of ubiquitous energy harvesting techniques.
The DC-DC converter is a voltage converter which effectively outputs fixed voltage after converting input voltage, and the DC-DC converter is a repeated on-off switch, converts direct-current voltage or current into high-frequency square-wave voltage or current, and then converts the direct-current voltage or current into direct-current voltage output through rectification and smoothing. DC-DC converters fall into three categories: step-up DC-DC converter, step-down DC-DC converter, and step-up DC-DC converter. The BUCK-BOOST DC-DC converter, also called BUCK-BOOST converter, has an input voltage that is higher than the output voltage and lower than the output voltage, and is actually a combination of the BOOST converter and the BUCK converter.
The existing single-inductor multi-input multi-output asynchronous DC-DC converter adopts a Buck-Boost (Buck-Boost) working mode, and the transmission power is limited. FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the duty cycle of a conventional multiple-input multiple-output asynchronous Buck-Boost DC-DC converter. As shown in fig. 1, when the voltage of the energy source 1 rises to the upper bound of the hysteresis window of the hysteresis comparator, the state signal of the energy source 1 becomes 1 and the DC-DC converter enters the duty cycle of the energy source 1. In this working period, if the state signal of the energy source 2 becomes 1, the energy source 2 must be acquired after the working period of the energy source 1 is completed, so that the voltage of the energy source 2 further deviates from the maximum power point voltage, and therefore, when the energy source is sufficiently supplied, the problem of insufficient energy acquisition exists, and the maximum power point cannot be accurately tracked. Similarly, the current load can be powered by other loads after the working period of the current load is finished, so that cross adjustment exists among a plurality of outputs, energy cannot be fully supplied, and ripple of the outputs is increased.
A Finite State Machine (FSM), also known as Finite State automaton, is a mathematical model that represents Finite states and transitions and actions between these states, and is a hardware sequential circuit composed of a register set and combinational logic, whose states (i.e., finite states composed of the combined states of 1 and 0 of the register set) can only be changed from one State to another State with the same clock transition edge, and whether to change to which State or to stay in the original State depends not only on the respective input values, but also on the State at which it is currently located. The essence of the state machine is a description method of events with a logic order or timing law, all things with a logic order and timing law being suitable for description by the state machine.
If the switches on the same side are conducted simultaneously, communication between different channels is caused, charge redistribution loss is generated, or a passage between the channels and the ground is generated, so that the power element is burnt. To avoid simultaneous turn-on of the same side switch, it is necessary to delay turning on one switch after the other switch is turned off for a delay time, which is a dead zone. The dead time is a protection period set so that the same-side switching tubes are not simultaneously turned on due to a switching speed problem.
[ invention ]
The invention aims to provide an asynchronous Buck-Boost DC-DC converter with sufficient energy collection and supply.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is that the multi-input multi-output asynchronous DC-DC converter in a mixed working mode comprises a multi-input multi-output circuit and a mixed working mode asynchronous DC-DC conversion control circuit; the multi-input multi-output circuit comprises an input side circuit, an output side circuit, a battery and an inductor; the input side circuit comprises energy source input switches SH1, SH2, SH3 for accessing energy sources 1, 2, 3..n, an input side grounding switch SHG and an input side battery switch SHB, wherein the energy source input switches SH1, SH2, SH 3..SHn are connected with the first end of the inductor, the input side grounding switch SHG is connected with the first end of the inductor and the ground, the input side battery switch SHB is connected with the first end of the inductor and the battery anode, and n is a positive integer; the output side circuit comprises load output switches SL1, SL2, SL3 for grounding loads 1, 2, 3..m, an output side grounding switch SLG and an output side battery switch SLB, wherein the load output switches SL1, SL2, SL 3..m are connected with the second end of the inductor, the output side grounding switch SLG is connected with the second end of the inductor and the ground, the output side battery switch SLB is connected with the second end of the inductor and the battery anode, and m is a positive integer, wherein m is more than 2; the asynchronous DC-DC conversion control circuit in the mixed working mode comprises an asynchronous signal generation module and an asynchronous control logic module, wherein the asynchronous signal generation module generates input state signals H1, H2, H3 and Hn according to comparison of energy source input voltage and off-chip maximum power point voltage, generates output state signals L1, L2, L3 and Lm according to comparison of output load voltage and off-chip reference voltage, generates a zero current signal ZCD according to whether an inductance current is 0, and regards a battery as a load and the energy source with the last order to generate a battery energy supply signal HB; the asynchronous control logic module uses a finite state machine cycle period as a working period of the asynchronous control logic module according to an input signal of the asynchronous signal generation module, and asynchronously controls SH1, SH2, SH3, SHn, SHG, SHB, SL1, SL2, SL3, SLm and SLG and SLB switches to enable the multi-input multi-output circuit to be switched among three working modes, so that asynchronous DC-DC conversion with small output ripple and sufficient energy supply to a load is realized, wherein the three working modes comprise that an energy source in a mode 1 charges energy to an inductor, an inductance in a mode 2 supplies energy to the load, and an energy source in a mode 3 supplies energy to the load through the inductor.
Further, the asynchronous control logic of the finite state machine for circularly controlling one working period of the asynchronous control logic module is as follows:
A. when the zero current signal ZCD is 1, namely the inductance current is 0, the arbitrary input state signal is changed into 1, the multi-input multi-output circuit is switched into a mode 1, the inductance is charged by an energy source corresponding to the input state signal, and the period starts;
B. when the arbitrary input state signal in the step A is changed into 0, the energy source corresponding to the input state signal charges the inductor, the period starts to end, and the step C is entered;
C. retrieving the input status signal and the output status signal in sequence, respectively; if only the input state signal is 1, switching the multi-input multi-output circuit into a mode 1, and charging the inductor by an energy source corresponding to the input state signal 1 in sequence; if only the output state signal is 1, switching the multi-input multi-output circuit into a mode 2, and supplying energy to a load corresponding to the sequentially previous output state signal of 1 by an inductor; if the input state signal is 1 and the output state signal is 1, switching the multi-input multi-output circuit into a mode 3, and directly supplying energy to the load corresponding to the output state signal 1 in sequence by an energy source with the input state signal 1 in sequence in advance; if the input state signals and the output state signals are 0, switching the multi-input multi-output circuit to be in a mode 2, and charging a battery serving as a load by an inductor;
D. c, returning to the step C when any input state signal or output state signal changes;
E. when the zero current signal ZCD is again 1, i.e. the present inductor current is 0, the present working cycle is ended.
Preferably, the energy source input switch number n=3, the load output switch number m=3; the asynchronous control logic module includes an input side pulse generating module for generating an input pulse CLKH and an output side pulse generating module for generating an output pulse CLKL.
Preferably, the asynchronous signal generation module comprises six hysteresis comparators, a zero current detection circuit and a battery energy supply signal generation circuit; the three hysteresis comparators respectively compare input voltages VH1, VH2 and VH3 of three energy sources of the input side circuit with off-chip maximum power point voltages VFO1, VFO2 and VFO3 to generate input state signals H1, H2 and H3; the three hysteresis comparators respectively compare three output load voltages VL1, VL2 and VL3 of the output side circuit with off-chip reference voltages VREF1, VREF2 and VREF3 to generate output state signals L1, L2 and L3; the zero current detection circuit is used for generating a zero current signal ZCD, and the battery power supply signal generation circuit is used for generating a battery power supply signal HB.
Preferably, the zero current detection circuit comprises a multiplexing gating circuit, a rail-to-rail comparator for detecting whether an input value is 0, and a signal latch circuit; the multi-path gating circuit selects output state signals L1, L2 and L3 as the access voltage of the negative end of the rail-to-rail comparator, the positive end of the rail-to-rail comparator is accessed to the second end voltage VLN of the inductor, and the signal latch circuit latches a zero current signal ZCD when CLKL is high.
Preferably, the battery-powered signal generating circuit comprises an up-down counter, a digital logic module and a delay module; the up-down counter counts output state signals L1, L2 and L3 at the rising edge of the CLKL, wherein the L1, L2 and L3 are all 0 and are reduced by 1, and the L1, L2 and L3 are not all 0 and are added by 1; when the up-down counter output is greater than <010>, the digital logic module output HB is high; the delay module is used for carrying out delay control on the HB signal output by the digital logic module.
Preferably, the asynchronous control logic module further comprises an input side finite state machine, an output side finite state machine, a cycle start signal generation circuit and a dead time control circuit; the cycle start signal generation circuit generates a cycle start signal INT according to the asynchronous control logic A, E; a finite state machine transition at the input side of the rising edge of the CLKH pulse and a finite state machine transition at the output side of the rising edge of the CLKL pulse; the input side finite state machine and the output side finite state machine generate switch control signals, and the switch states are changed through the dead time control circuit so that the multi-input multi-output circuit is switched among three working modes.
Preferably, the input side finite state machine input signals are ZCD, H1, H2, H3, and the output signals are SH1, SH2, SH3, SHB, SHG switch control signals; the output side finite state machine has input signals of ZCD, INT, L1, L2 and L3, output signals of SL1, SL2 and SL3 switch control signals, and SLB and SLG switch control signals are generated by the output side finite state machine through a combinational logic circuit according to asynchronous control logic.
Preferably, the asynchronous DC-DC conversion control circuit of the mixed working mode further comprises a low-voltage starting circuit; the low-voltage starting circuit comprises a self-oscillating voltage doubler and a power-on reset circuit, wherein the input of the self-oscillating voltage doubler is the input voltage VH1 of the energy source 1, and the output of the self-oscillating voltage doubler is the load 1 voltage VL1; when the asynchronous DC-DC conversion control circuit in the mixed working mode is powered on, the self-oscillating voltage doubler raises the potential of VL1 to be twice that of VH 1; when the potential of VL1 reaches 0.9V, the power-on reset circuit generates a reset signal RST, the multi-input multi-output asynchronous DC-DC converter starts to work, and the self-oscillation voltage doubler stops working.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that: a mixed working mode, a mixed Buck, boost, buck-Boost working mode and a switching between different modes under the triggering of an asynchronous signal; the hybrid working mode has 3 modes, wherein the mode 1 is that the energy source charges the inductor, the mode 2 is that the inductor supplies energy to the load, and the mode 3 is that the energy source supplies energy to the load through the inductor; the traditional Buck-Boost is sequentially carried out in a mode 1 and a mode 2, and in a mixed working mode, as long as the inductance current is not 0, the DC-DC converter allows random switching among 3 modes; the compression of the working period is realized by mixing the Buck, boost, buck-Boost working modes, so that the maximum transmission power of the asynchronous Buck-Boost DC-DC converter is improved, the phenomenon of cross modulation among multiple outputs is improved, the output ripple is reduced, the full supply of loads is realized, the tracking precision of the maximum power point is improved, and the full acquisition of ubiquitous energy is realized.
[ description of the drawings ]
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a duty cycle of a prior art multiple-input multiple-output asynchronous Buck-Boost DC-DC converter;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the overall architecture of a hybrid operating mode multiple-input multiple-output asynchronous DC-DC converter;
FIG. 3a is a schematic diagram of a hybrid mode of operation multiple input multiple output asynchronous DC-DC converter mode 1 energy source versus inductor charging mode of operation;
FIG. 3b is a schematic diagram of a hybrid mode of operation multiple input multiple output asynchronous DC-DC converter mode 2 inductor-to-load mode of operation energy delivery;
FIG. 3c is a schematic diagram of a hybrid mode multiple input multiple output asynchronous DC-DC converter mode 3 energy source supplying power to a load via an inductor;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a duty cycle of a hybrid mode of operation multiple input multiple output asynchronous DC-DC converter;
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of a hysteresis comparator for use with a hybrid mode of operation multi-input multi-output asynchronous DC-DC converter;
FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of a hybrid mode of operation multiple input multiple output asynchronous DC-DC converter zero current detection circuit;
FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram of a hybrid operating mode multiple-input multiple-output asynchronous DC-DC converter battery powered signal generation circuit;
FIG. 8 is a schematic diagram of a structural framework of an asynchronous control logic module of a hybrid operating mode multiple-input multiple-output asynchronous DC-DC converter;
FIG. 9 is a state transition diagram of a mixed mode MIMO asynchronous DC-DC converter input side finite state machine;
FIG. 10 is a state transition diagram of a mixed mode MIMO asynchronous DC-DC converter output side finite state machine;
FIG. 11 is a schematic diagram of a low voltage self-starting circuit of a hybrid mode of operation multiple input multiple output asynchronous DC-DC converter;
FIG. 12 is a schematic diagram of simulation results of a hybrid operating mode multiple-input multiple-output asynchronous DC-DC converter under a total power of 3.5mW energy source and a total power of 2.2mW load operating conditions.
Reference numerals and components referred to in the drawings are as follows: 1. the device comprises an asynchronous signal generation module 11, a hysteresis comparator 12, a zero current detection circuit 121, a multiplexing gating circuit 122, a rail-to-rail comparator 123, a signal latch circuit 13, a battery-powered signal generation circuit 131, an up-down counter 132, a digital logic module 133, a delay module 2, an asynchronous control logic module 21, an input side finite state machine 22, an output side finite state machine 23, an input side pulse generation module 231, an input side rising edge pulse generation module 232, an input side falling edge pulse generation module 24, an output side pulse generation module 241, an output side rising edge pulse generation module 242, an output side falling edge pulse generation module 25, a period start signal generation circuit 26, a dead time control circuit 3, a low voltage starting circuit 31, a self-oscillating voltage multiplier 32, a power-up reset circuit 321, a voltage division circuit 322 and a static comparator.
[ detailed description ] of the invention
The invention is further described below with reference to examples and with reference to the accompanying drawings.
Examples
The embodiment realizes a multi-input multi-output asynchronous DC-DC converter in a mixed working mode.
Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of the overall architecture of a hybrid mode of operation multiple-input multiple-output asynchronous DC-DC converter. As shown in fig. 2, an asynchronous DC-DC converter applying a hybrid operation mode of the present embodiment includes: an asynchronous signal generation module 1, an asynchronous control logic module 2 and a low voltage starting circuit 3.
FIG. 3a is a schematic diagram of a hybrid mode of operation multiple input multiple output asynchronous DC-DC converter mode 1 energy source versus inductor charging mode of operation; FIG. 3b is a schematic diagram of a hybrid mode of operation multiple input multiple output asynchronous DC-DC converter mode 2 inductor-to-load mode of operation energy delivery; fig. 3c is a schematic diagram of a hybrid mode multiple input multiple output asynchronous DC-DC converter mode 3 energy source supplying power to a load via an inductor. As shown in fig. 3a, 3b and 3c, an asynchronous DC-DC converter applying a hybrid operation mode in this embodiment includes 3 modes including the hybrid operation mode, and mode 1 is an energy source to inductance charging operation mode; mode 2 is an inductance power supply working mode for the load; mode 3 is an energy source operating mode for supplying power to a load via an inductor.
Fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of a duty cycle of a hybrid mode of operation multiple input multiple output asynchronous DC-DC converter. As shown in fig. 4, this embodiment is an example of one duty cycle of an asynchronous DC-DC converter to which a hybrid operation mode is applied. The input state signal H1 goes high, the working period is marked, the converter enters a mode 1, and the energy source 1 charges the inductor; the input state signal H1 goes low and the Φ1 period ends, the input state signals are low, the output state signal L1 is high, the converter enters mode 2, and the inductor supplies power to the load 1; the input state signal H2 goes high and the Φ2 cycle ends, at which time H2 is high and L1 is high, the converter enters mode 3 and the energy source 2 supplies energy to the load 1 via the inductor; l1 becomes low, the phi 3 period is over, H2 is high at this time, the output state signals are low, the converter enters a mode 1, and the energy source 2 charges the inductor; l2 goes high and the phi 4 period ends, at which time H2 is high and L2 is high, the converter enters mode 3 and the energy source 2 supplies energy to the load 2 via the inductor; the H2 goes low and the Φ5 cycle ends, at which time the input status signal is low and L2 is high, the converter enters mode 2 and the inductor energizes load 2; the zero current signal ZCD goes high and the present duty cycle ends.
Fig. 5 is a schematic diagram of a hysteresis comparator used in a hybrid mode of operation multiple-input multiple-output asynchronous DC-DC converter. As shown in fig. 5, an asynchronous DC-DC converter employing a hybrid operating mode of the present embodiment uses a hysteresis comparator 11 to generate input status signals H1, H2, H3 and output status signals L1, L2, L3, thereby controlling the switching of the operating mode of the multi-input multi-output asynchronous DC-DC converter.
Fig. 6 is a schematic diagram of a zero current detection circuit of a multi-input multi-output asynchronous DC-DC converter in a hybrid mode of operation. As shown in fig. 6, the zero current detection circuit 12 for generating the zero current signal ZCD using the asynchronous DC-DC converter of the hybrid operation mode of the present embodiment includes a multiplexing gate circuit 121, a rail-to-rail comparator 122, and a signal latch circuit 123. The multiplexing gating circuit 121 selects the negative terminal of the rail-to-rail comparator 122 to be connected with the voltage VZ according to the working state of the output side, and the positive terminal of the rail-to-rail comparator 122 is connected with the inductance output end VLN. The signal latch circuit 123 latches a zero current signal when CLKL is high.
Fig. 7 is a schematic diagram of a hybrid mode of operation multiple input multiple output asynchronous DC-DC converter battery powered signal generation circuit. As shown in fig. 7, an asynchronous DC-DC converter battery power signal generating circuit 13 applying the hybrid operation mode of the present embodiment includes an up-down counter 131, a digital logic module 132, and a delay module 133. The up-down counter 131 counts L1, L2, and L3 on the CLKL rising edge, and decreases by 1 when all 0 s are equal to or increases by 1 when all 0 s are not equal to or equal to 0 s. When the counter output is greater than <010>, HB is high.
Fig. 8 is a schematic diagram of a structural framework of an asynchronous control logic module of a multi-input multi-output asynchronous DC-DC converter in a hybrid operating mode. As shown in fig. 8, the asynchronous control logic module 2 of the asynchronous DC-DC converter using the hybrid operation mode of the present embodiment is constituted by an input side finite state machine 21, an output side finite state machine 22, an input side pulse generation module 23, an output side pulse generation module 24, a cycle start signal generation circuit 25 and a dead time control circuit 26. When the input state signal, the output state signal, the zero current signal, the battery powered signal, and the like are asynchronous signals, the input side pulse generation module 23 and the output side pulse generation module 24 generate corresponding pulses CLKH and CLKL. The input side pulse generation module 23 includes an input side rising edge pulse generation module 231 and an input side falling edge pulse generation module 232. The output side pulse generation module 24 includes an output side rising edge pulse generation module 241 and an output side falling edge pulse generation module 242. At the CLKH rising edge, the input side finite state machine 21 transitions in state, and the inputs of the input side finite state machine 21 include zero current signals ZCD, input state signals H1, H2, H3, and battery powered signals HB, and the state machine outputs input side switch control signals SH1, SH2, SH3, SHB, SHG, etc. The period start signal generation circuit 25 generates an INT signal. The output side finite state machine 22 transitions in state on the CLKL rising edge, and inputs of the output side finite state machine 22 include a zero current signal ZCD, a period start signal INT, output state signals L1, L2, L3, and output side switch control signals such as SL1, SL2, SL 3. The SLB and SLG switch control signals are generated by combinational logic. The switching control signals generated by the finite state machine change the switching state via the dead time control circuit 26.
Fig. 9 is a state transition diagram of a mixed mode multiple input multiple output asynchronous DC-DC converter input side finite state machine. As shown in fig. 9, the present embodiment is a state transition diagram of the input side finite state machine 21 of the asynchronous DC-DC converter using the hybrid operation mode, and a truth table of outputs SH1, SH2, SH3, SHB, SHG corresponding to each state.
Fig. 10 is a state transition diagram of a mixed mode multiple input multiple output asynchronous DC-DC converter output side finite state machine. As shown in fig. 10, this embodiment is a state transition diagram of the output-side finite state machine 22 of the asynchronous DC-DC converter using the hybrid operation mode, and a truth table of outputs SL1, SL2, SL3 corresponding to each state.
Fig. 11 is a schematic diagram of a low voltage self-starting circuit of a hybrid mode of operation multiple input multiple output asynchronous DC-DC converter. As shown in fig. 11, an asynchronous DC-DC converter low-voltage self-starting circuit 3 of the present embodiment, which employs a hybrid operation mode, is composed of a self-oscillating voltage doubler 31 and a power-on reset circuit 32. The power-on reset circuit 32 includes a voltage dividing circuit 321 and a static comparator 322. When the energy source 1 is powered up, the self-oscillating voltage doubler 31 starts to oscillate and raise VL1 to 2 times VH1 voltage. The static comparator 322 compares VL1D, which is divided by the voltage dividing circuit 321, with an external given start-up voltage VSU, generates a RST signal when VL1D exceeds VSU, and the DC-DC converter starts to operate while the generated EN signal turns off the self-oscillating voltage doubler 31. The EN signal turns off the N-type transistor M1 at the same time, changing the voltage division coefficient of the voltage division circuit 321.
FIG. 12 is a schematic diagram of simulation results of a hybrid operating mode multiple-input multiple-output asynchronous DC-DC converter under a total power of 3.5mW energy source and a total power of 2.2mW load operating conditions. As shown in fig. 12, in the asynchronous DC-DC converter applying the hybrid working mode of this embodiment, under a high-power working condition, the three working modes can be switched arbitrarily according to the energy source and the load condition, and the input and output ripple waves are well controlled, so as to fully collect energy and fully supply load.
The embodiment is an asynchronous DC-DC converter applying a hybrid working mode, and can be switched between three working modes at will according to the energy source and the load condition to realize the compression of the working period, thereby improving the maximum transmission power of the asynchronous DC-DC converter, reducing the output ripple, improving the tracking precision of the maximum power point and solving the problem of insufficient energy acquisition and supply of the existing asynchronous Buck-Boost DC-DC converter.
The foregoing is merely a preferred embodiment of the present invention and it should be noted that modifications and additions to the present invention may be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the principles of the present invention and such modifications and additions are to be considered as well as within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (9)
1. A multiple-input multiple-output asynchronous DC-DC converter in a hybrid operating mode, characterized by: the system comprises a multi-input multi-output circuit and a mixed working mode asynchronous DC-DC conversion control circuit; the multi-input multi-output circuit comprises an input side circuit, an output side circuit, a battery and an inductor; the input side circuit comprises energy source input switches SH1, SH2, SH3 for accessing energy sources 1, 2, 3..n, an input side grounding switch SHG and an input side battery switch SHB, wherein the energy source input switches SH1, SH2, SH 3..SHn are connected with the first end of the inductor, the input side grounding switch SHG is connected with the first end of the inductor and the ground, the input side battery switch SHB is connected with the first end of the inductor and the battery anode, and n is a positive integer; the output side circuit comprises load output switches SL1, SL2, SL3 for grounding loads 1, 2, 3..m, an output side grounding switch SLG and an output side battery switch SLB, wherein the load output switches SL1, SL2, SL 3..m are connected with the second end of the inductor, the output side grounding switch SLG is connected with the second end of the inductor and the ground, the output side battery switch SLB is connected with the second end of the inductor and the battery anode, and m is a positive integer, wherein m is more than 2; the asynchronous DC-DC conversion control circuit in the hybrid working mode comprises an asynchronous signal generation module (1) and an asynchronous control logic module (2), wherein the asynchronous signal generation module (1) generates input state signals H1, H2, H3 and H n according to the comparison of energy source input voltage and off-chip maximum power point voltage, generates output state signals L1, L2, L3 and Lm according to the comparison of output load voltage and off-chip reference voltage, generates a zero current signal ZCD according to whether the inductance current is 0, and regards a battery as a load and an energy source with the order of the last to generate a battery energy supply signal HB; the asynchronous control logic module (2) utilizes a finite state machine cycle period as a working period of the asynchronous control logic module (2) according to an input signal of the asynchronous signal generation module (1), and asynchronously controls SH1, SH2, SH3, SHn, SHG, SHB, SL1, SL2, SL3, SLm and SLG and SLB switches to enable the multi-input multi-output circuit to switch among three working modes, so that asynchronous DC-DC conversion with small output ripple and sufficient energy supply to a load is realized, wherein the three working modes comprise that an energy source in a mode 1 charges energy to an inductor, the inductance in the mode 2 charges energy to the load, and the energy source in the mode 3 charges energy to the load through the inductor.
2. A mixed mode multiple input multiple output asynchronous DC-DC converter according to claim 1, characterized in that the asynchronous control logic of the finite state machine loop controlling said asynchronous control logic module (2) for one duty cycle is as follows:
A. when the zero current signal ZCD is 1, namely the inductance current is 0, the arbitrary input state signal is changed into 1, the multi-input multi-output circuit is switched into a mode 1, the inductance is charged by an energy source corresponding to the input state signal, and the period starts;
B. when the arbitrary input state signal in the step A is changed into 0, the energy source corresponding to the input state signal charges the inductor, the period starts to end, and the step C is entered;
C. retrieving the input status signal and the output status signal in sequence, respectively; if only the input state signal is 1, switching the multi-input multi-output circuit into a mode 1, and charging the inductor by an energy source corresponding to the input state signal 1 in sequence; if only the output state signal is 1, switching the multi-input multi-output circuit into a mode 2, and supplying energy to a load corresponding to the sequentially previous output state signal of 1 by an inductor; if the input state signal is 1 and the output state signal is 1, switching the multi-input multi-output circuit into a mode 3, and directly supplying energy to the load corresponding to the output state signal 1 in sequence by an energy source with the input state signal 1 in sequence in advance; if the input state signals and the output state signals are 0, switching the multi-input multi-output circuit to be in a mode 2, and charging a battery serving as a load by an inductor;
D. c, returning to the step C when any input state signal or output state signal changes;
E. when the zero current signal ZCD is again 1, i.e. the present inductor current is 0, the present working cycle is ended.
3. A mixed mode multiple input multiple output asynchronous DC-DC converter according to claim 2, characterized in that: the energy source input switch number n=3, the load output switch number m=3; the asynchronous control logic module (2) comprises an input side pulse generating module (23) for generating an input pulse CLKH and an output side pulse generating module (24) for generating an output pulse CLKL.
4. A mixed mode multiple input multiple output asynchronous DC-DC converter according to claim 3, characterized in that: the asynchronous signal generation module (1) comprises six hysteresis comparators (11), a zero current detection circuit (12) and a battery energy supply signal generation circuit (13); the three hysteresis comparators (11) respectively compare input voltages VH1, VH2 and VH3 of three energy sources of the input side circuit with off-chip maximum power point voltages VFO1, VFO2 and VFO3 to generate input state signals H1, H2 and H3; the three hysteresis comparators (11) respectively compare the three output load voltages VL1, VL2 and VL3 of the output side circuit with off-chip reference voltages VREF1, VREF2 and VREF3 to generate output state signals L1, L2 and L3; the zero current detection circuit (12) is used for generating a zero current signal ZCD, and the battery power supply signal generation circuit (13) is used for generating a battery power supply signal HB.
5. A mixed mode multiple input multiple output asynchronous DC-DC converter according to claim 4, wherein: the zero current detection circuit (12) comprises a multiplexing gating circuit (121), a rail-to-rail comparator (122) for detecting whether an input value is 0, and a signal latch circuit (123); the multi-path gating circuit (121) selects output state signals L1, L2 and L3 as negative terminal access voltage VZ of the rail-to-rail comparator (122), the positive terminal access of the rail-to-rail comparator (122) is connected with the second end voltage VLN of the inductor, and the signal latch circuit (123) latches a zero current signal ZCD when CLKL is high.
6. A mixed mode multiple input multiple output asynchronous DC-DC converter according to claim 5, wherein: the battery-powered signal generation circuit (13) comprises an up-down counter (131), a digital logic module (132) and a delay module (133); the up-down counter (131) counts output state signals L1, L2 and L3 at the rising edge of the CLKL, wherein the L1, L2 and L3 are all 0 and are reduced by 1, and the L1, L2 and L3 are not all 0 and are added by 1; when the up-down counter (131) output is greater than <010>, the digital logic module (132) output HB is high; the delay module (133) is used for performing delay control on the HB signal output by the digital logic module (132).
7. A mixed mode multiple input multiple output asynchronous DC-DC converter according to claim 6, wherein: the asynchronous control logic module (2) further comprises an input side finite state machine (21), an output side finite state machine (22), a cycle start signal generation circuit (25) and a dead time control circuit (26); the cycle start signal generation circuit (25) generates a cycle start signal INT according to the asynchronous control logic A, E; a finite state machine (21) transition at the input side of the rising edge of the CLKH pulse and a finite state machine (22) transition at the output side of the rising edge of the CLKL pulse; an input side finite state machine (21) and an output side finite state machine (22) generate switch control signals, and the switch states are changed through a dead time control circuit (26) so that the multi-input multi-output circuit is switched among three working modes.
8. A mixed mode multiple input multiple output asynchronous DC-DC converter according to claim 7, wherein: the input signals of the input side finite state machine (21) are ZCD, H1, H2 and H3, and the output signals are SH1, SH2, SH3, SHB and SHG switch control signals; the output side finite state machine (22) inputs ZCD, INT, L1, L2 and L3, outputs SL1, SL2 and SL3 switch control signals, and SLB and SLG switch control signals are generated by the output side finite state machine (22) through a combinational logic circuit according to asynchronous control logic.
9. A mixed mode multiple input multiple output asynchronous DC-DC converter according to claim 8, wherein: the asynchronous DC-DC conversion control circuit of the mixed working mode also comprises a low-voltage starting circuit (3); the low-voltage starting circuit (3) comprises a self-oscillating voltage doubler (31) and a power-on reset circuit (32), wherein the input of the self-oscillating voltage doubler (31) is the input voltage VH1 of the energy source 1, and the output is the load 1 voltage VL1; when the asynchronous DC-DC conversion control circuit in the mixed working mode is powered on, the self-oscillating voltage doubler (31) lifts the potential of VL1 to be twice as high as VH 1; when the potential of VL1 reaches 0.9V, the power-on reset circuit (32) generates a reset signal RST, the multi-input multi-output asynchronous DC-DC converter starts to work, and the self-oscillation voltage doubler (31) stops working.
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| EP2704301B1 (en) * | 2012-08-31 | 2016-07-27 | Stichting IMEC Nederland | DC-DC converter and control method thereof |
| US9684326B2 (en) * | 2013-02-01 | 2017-06-20 | Alpha And Omega Semiconductor Incorporated | Method and circuit for detecting short circuit in an asynchronous DC-DC boost converter |
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| CN103269159A (en) * | 2013-05-15 | 2013-08-28 | 西安交通大学 | Voltage mode control DC-DC mode automatic switching circuit |
| CN105186867A (en) * | 2015-09-28 | 2015-12-23 | 湘潭大学 | Control method based on multi-input direct current converter switch state of state machine |
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