CN113823916A - Method for preparing terahertz lens horn antenna - Google Patents
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q13/00—Waveguide horns or mouths; Slot antennas; Leaky-waveguide antennas; Equivalent structures causing radiation along the transmission path of a guided wave
- H01Q13/02—Waveguide horns
- H01Q13/0283—Apparatus or processes specially provided for manufacturing horns
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/002—Protection against seismic waves, thermal radiation or other disturbances, e.g. nuclear explosion; Arrangements for improving the power handling capability of an antenna
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q13/00—Waveguide horns or mouths; Slot antennas; Leaky-waveguide antennas; Equivalent structures causing radiation along the transmission path of a guided wave
- H01Q13/02—Waveguide horns
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q15/00—Devices for reflection, refraction, diffraction or polarisation of waves radiated from an antenna, e.g. quasi-optical devices
- H01Q15/02—Refracting or diffracting devices, e.g. lens, prism
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q19/00—Combinations of primary active antenna elements and units with secondary devices, e.g. with quasi-optical devices, for giving the antenna a desired directional characteristic
- H01Q19/06—Combinations of primary active antenna elements and units with secondary devices, e.g. with quasi-optical devices, for giving the antenna a desired directional characteristic using refracting or diffracting devices, e.g. lens
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of terahertz wave communication antennas, and particularly relates to a method for preparing a terahertz lens horn antenna, which comprises the following steps: the terahertz wave detection device comprises a horn antenna (1) and a terahertz lens (2); the terahertz lens (2) is covered at a horn opening of the horn antenna (1), and the terahertz lens and the horn opening are of an integrated structure and cannot be detached; the method comprises the following steps: step 1) calculating parameters of a horn antenna; step 2) calculating external parameters of the terahertz lens; step 3) calculating internal parameters of the terahertz lens; step 4) obtaining a terahertz lens horn antenna according to the results of the steps 1) to 3), and performing tolerance adjustment on the obtained terahertz lens horn antenna by using a Monte Carlo method; and 5) calculating the far field gain of the lens horn antenna by using an aperture field integration method, and judging whether the calculation result meets the requirement.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of terahertz wave communication antennas, and particularly relates to a method for preparing a terahertz lens horn antenna.
Background
Compared with millimeter waves, terahertz waves have wider bandwidth and are easier to realize high-speed communication. Therefore, research on terahertz communication devices has attracted attention, in which a terahertz antenna, as an important component in terahertz communication, plays a role in changing beam shape and direction and changing energy distribution, and is therefore widely applied to the field of terahertz wave communication.
The terahertz antenna has relatively low gain and wide beam width, so that the beam radiated by the terahertz single antenna needs to be modulated to achieve the effects of high gain and narrow beam. The modulation method is mainly to modulate the amplitude and phase of a beam by using a reflection type, transmission type, diffraction type, interference type, and a combination of these types.
Among them, the reflective system has the highest gain, but the reflective system requires offset feedback, and the gain is positively correlated with the aperture size, so that the reflective focusing system is not adopted to realize a miniaturized and integrated system;
the diffraction mode is mainly realized by using a grating or a diffraction lens, and the method has low processing precision requirement, but has relatively large loss, high side lobe and narrow bandwidth, so that the method is less applied in a broadband communication scene;
the interferometric mode is mainly realized by using an array antenna, the array antenna makes up the problems of low gain and wide beam width of a single feed source antenna, and is arranged into different array forms, such as a linear array, a large area array, a thin cloth array and the like, the mode can ensure that the beam directivity is good, indexes such as gain, direction, width and the like of the beam can be changed by changing the amplitude and the phase of a feed end, and miniaturization and integration of a certain degree can be realized.
Therefore, as described above, the transmissive type is relatively easy to realize high gain and miniaturization integration, and although this type cannot perform electrical scanning as in the array antenna, it can realize the requirement of beam mechanical scanning. The antenna prepared by the existing method can not integrate the feed horn antenna and the lens antenna into a whole, and can not realize integration.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the above-mentioned defects existing in the prior art, the present invention provides a method for manufacturing a terahertz lens horn antenna, which includes: a horn antenna and a terahertz lens; the terahertz lens is covered at a horn opening of the horn antenna, and the terahertz lens and the horn opening are of an integrated structure and cannot be detached; the method comprises the following steps:
step 1) calculating parameters of a horn antenna; the parameters of the horn antenna include: the caliber, the horn length and the horn opening angle of the horn antenna;
step 2) calculating external parameters of the terahertz lens; the external parameters of the terahertz lens comprise: the distance from the emission source to the surface of the terahertz lens, the focal length of the terahertz lens, the aperture of the terahertz lens and the numerical aperture of the lens;
step 3) calculating internal parameters of the terahertz lens; the internal parameters of the terahertz lens include: the radius of the front surface of the lens, the radius of curvature of the rear surface of the lens and the high-order type coefficient of the lens;
step 4) obtaining a terahertz lens horn antenna according to the results of the steps 1) to 3), and performing tolerance adjustment on the obtained terahertz lens horn antenna by using a Monte Carlo method;
and 5) calculating the far field gain of the lens horn antenna by using an aperture field integration method, and judging whether the calculation result meets the requirement or not to finish the preparation of the terahertz lens horn antenna.
As one improvement of the above technical solution, the step 1) specifically includes:
assuming that the caliber of the horn antenna is D, the length of the horn is L and the opening angle of the horn is theta, the caliber of the horn antenna is D;
D＝L sinθ (1)
the horn length L is the distance between a feed end and an opening end of the horn antenna, and the horn length L meets the requirement;
5λ≤L≤15λ
the horn opening angle theta is satisfied;
θ≤30°
the caliber D of the horn antenna meets the following requirements:
10λ≤D≤15λ
where λ is the wavelength.
As an improvement of the above technical solution, the step 2) specifically includes:
assuming that the distance from the emission source to the surface of the terahertz lens is L1, and the focal length of the terahertz lens is f; the caliber of the terahertz lens is D1(ii) a The numerical aperture of the lens is NA;
the distance L1 from the emission source to the surface of the terahertz lens is equal to L, and then L1 satisfies:
5λ≤L1≤15λ
focal length f of the lens:
wherein L is2Is the image distance of the lens, L is the afocal image space of the far field high gain antenna2From this, f ═ L1 ═ L, it is found that:
5λ≤f≤15λ
caliber D of terahertz lens1D, the same aperture as the horn antenna, then D1Satisfies the following conditions:
10λ≤D1≤15λ
wherein λ is the wavelength;
the sine of the horn opening angle theta determines the numerical aperture NA of the lens, and the numerical aperture NA of the lens is sin theta and is taken to be between 0.3 and 0.5, namely the following conditions are met:
0.3≤sinθ≤0.5。
as an improvement of the above technical solution, the step 3) specifically includes:
setting the terahertz lens as a plano-convex lens, wherein the front surface of the terahertz lens is a plane lens surface type, and the rear surface of the terahertz lens is a convex lens surface type; the plane lens surface shape is superposed with the horn mouth surface of the horn antenna;
the radius of the front surface of the lens is equal to the radius of a horn mouth of the horn antenna;
the expression of the convex lens surface shape of the rear surface of the lens is
Wherein z is the optical axis of the terahertz lens; r is the meridian plane coordinate of the terahertz lens; k is a consecutive constant; c is the radius of curvature of the rear surface of the lens; a is1A lens higher order type coefficient of a lens rear surface;
according to the above formula, k, c and a are simultaneously adjusted1(ii) a And finishing the adjustment if the beam emitted from the terahertz lens is a parallel beam.
As an improvement of the above technical solution, the step 4) specifically includes:
obtaining a terahertz lens horn antenna according to the results of the steps 1) to 3), and performing tolerance analysis on the obtained terahertz lens horn antenna by using a Monte Carlo method;
within the tolerance range of +/-0.2 mm, if the wave surface wave aberration emitted by the terahertz lens horn antenna is smaller than or equal to lambda/14, the requirement is met, and the step 5) is carried out;
if the wave surface wave aberration emitted by the terahertz lens horn antenna is larger than lambda/14, reducing the tolerance of the terahertz lens horn antenna until the wave surface wave aberration emitted by the terahertz lens horn antenna is smaller than lambda/14;
if the size is reduced to +/-0.05 mm and the requirement cannot be met, the step 3) is carried out again, and redesign is carried out.
As an improvement of the above technical solution, the step 5) specifically includes:
calculating far field gains of the lens horn antenna under different frequencies by using a rapid multistage sub method, and judging whether the calculated far field gains meet requirements or not;
when the calculated far-field gain is higher than or equal to 25dB in the required frequency range, the obtained far-field gain meets the requirements of high gain and narrow beams, the operation is finished, and the preparation of the terahertz lens horn antenna is completed;
if the calculated far-field gains are all below the 25dB requirement in the desired frequency range, then steps 3) -5) are repeated until the calculated far-field gains are all above or equal to 25dB in the desired frequency range.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
the method provided by the invention completes the preparation of the whole terahertz lens horn antenna in the terahertz frequency band, and the prepared lens horn antenna realizes high gain in the broadband range of 130 plus 170 GHz; the tolerance requirement of the terahertz lens horn antenna is +/-0.2 mm, and is looser than that of a reflector antenna.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a flow chart of a method of manufacturing a thz lens horn of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a lens horn antenna prepared using the method flow diagram of FIG. 1;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of the far field gain variation of a center frequency lens horn antenna prepared using the method flowchart of FIG. 1;
fig. 4 is a graph of gain versus frequency for a lens horn antenna prepared using the method flow diagram of fig. 1.
Reference numerals:
1. horn antenna 2 and terahertz lens
Detailed Description
The invention will now be further described with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples.
As shown in fig. 1 and 2, the present invention provides a method of manufacturing a thz lens horn antenna, including: a horn antenna 1 and a terahertz lens 2; the terahertz lens 2 is covered at the horn opening of the horn antenna 1, and the terahertz lens and the horn opening are of an integrated structure and cannot be detached; the method comprises the following steps:
step 1) calculating parameters of a horn antenna; the parameters of the horn antenna include: the caliber, the horn length and the horn opening angle of the horn antenna;
specifically, the step 1) specifically includes:
assuming that the caliber of the horn antenna is D, the length of the horn is L and the opening angle of the horn is theta, the caliber of the horn antenna is D;
D＝L sinθ (1)
the horn length L is the distance between a feed end and an opening end of the horn antenna, and the horn length L meets the requirement;
5λ≤L≤15λ
the horn opening angle theta is satisfied;
θ≤30°
the caliber D of the horn antenna meets the following requirements:
10λ≤D≤15λ
where λ is the wavelength.
The beam efficiency of the horn antenna is positively correlated with the aperture of the horn antenna, and the larger the aperture D of the horn antenna is, the higher the beam efficiency of the horn antenna is; however, the whole lens horn antenna needs to be miniaturized and integrated, and the caliber D of the horn antenna cannot be too large, so the caliber D of the horn antenna needs to be comprehensively considered; for the aperture D of the horn antenna, in order to improve the aperture performance of the lens, the aperture of the horn antenna is set to be between 10 lambda and 15 lambda, wherein lambda is the wavelength.
Step 2) calculating external parameters of the terahertz lens; the external parameters of the terahertz lens comprise: the distance from the emission source to the surface of the terahertz lens, the focal length of the terahertz lens, the aperture of the terahertz lens and the numerical aperture of the lens;
specifically, the step 2) specifically includes:
assuming that the distance from the emission source to the surface of the terahertz lens is L1, and the focal length of the terahertz lens is f; the caliber of the terahertz lens is D1(ii) a The numerical aperture of the lens is NA;
the distance L1 from the emission source to the surface of the terahertz lens is equal to L, and then L1 satisfies:
5λ≤L1≤15λ
focal length f of the lens:
wherein L is2Is the image distance of the lens, L is the afocal image space of the far field high gain antenna2From this, f ═ L1 ═ L, it is found that:
5λ≤f≤15λ
caliber D of terahertz lens1D, the same aperture as the horn antenna, then D1Satisfies the following conditions:
10λ≤D1≤15λ
wherein λ is the wavelength;
the sine of the horn opening angle theta determines the numerical aperture NA of the lens, and the numerical aperture NA of the lens is sin theta and is taken to be between 0.3 and 0.5, namely the following conditions are met:
0.3≤sinθ≤0.5。
step 3) calculating internal parameters of the terahertz lens; the internal parameters of the terahertz lens include: the radius of the front surface of the lens, the radius of curvature of the rear surface of the lens and the high-order type coefficient of the lens; emitting plane waves of the antenna by using the calculated internal parameters of the terahertz lens, wherein the plane waves refer to electromagnetic waves with plane wave surfaces during propagation;
specifically, the step 3) specifically includes:
setting the terahertz lens as a plano-convex lens, wherein the front surface of the terahertz lens is a plane lens surface type, and the rear surface of the terahertz lens is a convex lens surface type; the plane lens surface type is superposed with the horn mouth surface of the horn antenna, the convex lens surface type is designed, and diffraction influence is neglected in the design process.
The radius of the front surface of the lens is equal to the radius of a horn mouth of the horn antenna;
the expression of the convex lens surface shape of the rear surface of the lens is
Wherein z is the optical axis of the terahertz lens; r is the meridian plane coordinate of the terahertz lens; k is a consecutive constant; c is the radius of curvature of the rear surface of the lens; a is1A lens higher order type coefficient of a lens rear surface;
according to the above formula, k, c and a are simultaneously adjusted1(ii) a And finishing the adjustment if the beam emitted from the terahertz lens is a parallel beam.
In the present embodiment, as shown in fig. 2, the left side of the terahertz lens is a front surface, and the right side is a rear surface.
Step 4) obtaining the terahertz lens horn antenna according to the results of the steps 1) to 3), and judging whether the light beam emitted from the terahertz lens horn antenna is a parallel beam;
if the emergent angle of the beam emitted from the terahertz lens is larger than a preset emergent angle threshold value, judging that the beam emitted from the terahertz lens horn antenna is a non-parallel beam, and repeating the steps 1) -3) until the emergent angle of the beam emitted from the terahertz lens is smaller than or equal to the preset emergent angle threshold value;
if the emergent angle of the beam emitted from the terahertz lens is smaller than or equal to a preset emergent angle threshold value, judging that the beam emitted from the terahertz lens horn antenna is a parallel beam, and performing tolerance adjustment on the obtained terahertz lens horn antenna by using a Monte Carlo method;
specifically, the step 4) specifically includes:
obtaining a terahertz lens horn antenna according to the results of the steps 1) to 3), and performing tolerance analysis on the obtained terahertz lens horn antenna by using a Monte Carlo method;
within the tolerance range of +/-0.2 mm, if the wave surface wave aberration emitted by the terahertz lens horn antenna is smaller than or equal to lambda/14, the requirement is met, and the step 5) is carried out;
if the wave surface wave aberration emitted by the terahertz lens horn antenna is larger than lambda/14, reducing the tolerance of the terahertz lens horn antenna until the wave surface wave aberration emitted by the terahertz lens horn antenna is smaller than lambda/14;
if the size is reduced to +/-0.05 mm and the requirement cannot be met, the step 3) is carried out again, and redesign is carried out.
And 5) calculating the far field gain of the lens horn antenna by using an aperture field integration method, and judging whether the calculation result meets the requirement or not to finish the preparation of the terahertz lens horn antenna.
Specifically, the step 5) specifically includes:
calculating far field gains of the lens horn antenna under different frequencies by using a rapid multistage sub method, and judging whether the calculated far field gains meet requirements or not;
when the calculated far-field gain is higher than or equal to 25dB in the required frequency range, the obtained far-field gain meets the requirements of high gain and narrow beams, the operation is finished, and the preparation of the terahertz lens horn antenna is completed;
if the calculated far-field gains are all below the 25dB requirement in the desired frequency range, then steps 3) -5) are repeated until the calculated far-field gains are all above or equal to 25dB in the desired frequency range.
According to the preparation method, the invention provides a method for preparing the terahertz lens horn antenna, as shown in fig. 3, in the embodiment, the lens horn antenna comprises a horn antenna and a terahertz lens;
as shown in fig. 2, in the prepared terahertz lens horn antenna, the length L of the horn antenna is 25mm, the aperture D of the horn antenna is 29mm, the horn opening angle θ is 30.1 °, the distance L1 from the emission source to the surface of the terahertz lens is 25mm, and the focal length f of the terahertz lens is 25 mm; caliber D of terahertz lens1Is 29 mm; the numerical aperture NA of the lens is 0.5; the lens curvature c is 0.06, the aspheric surface coefficient k is-0.456, the high-order coefficient only adopts quadratic form, and the quadratic form coefficient a1Is-0.003;
the main work for manufacturing the terahertz lens horn antenna is selection and optimization of a lens curved surface, and emergent beams are guaranteed to be parallel light, so that far field gain is improved.
As shown in FIG. 4, the THz lens horn antenna prepared by the method realizes broadband and high-gain characteristics, and the far-field gain is higher than 25dB in a broadband range of 130GHz-170 GHz.
As shown in fig. 3, the gain of the terahertz lens horn antenna manufactured by the manufacturing method of the present invention is higher than 25dB for a far field gain directional diagram of a central frequency point.
As shown in fig. 4, a graph of the far-field gain curve with frequency is calculated, and it can be seen that the thz lens horn antenna has a broadband characteristic of 130-170 GHz.
Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used for illustrating the technical solutions of the present invention and are not limited. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the embodiments, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes may be made and equivalents may be substituted without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as defined in the appended claims.
Claims (6)
1. A method for preparing a terahertz lens horn antenna is characterized by comprising the following steps: the terahertz wave detection device comprises a horn antenna (1) and a terahertz lens (2); the terahertz lens (2) is covered at a horn opening of the horn antenna (1), and the terahertz lens and the horn opening are of an integrated structure and cannot be detached; the method comprises the following steps:
step 1) calculating parameters of a horn antenna; the parameters of the horn antenna include: the caliber, the horn length and the horn opening angle of the horn antenna;
step 2) calculating external parameters of the terahertz lens; the external parameters of the terahertz lens comprise: the distance from the emission source to the surface of the terahertz lens, the focal length of the terahertz lens, the aperture of the terahertz lens and the numerical aperture of the lens;
step 3) calculating internal parameters of the terahertz lens; the internal parameters of the terahertz lens include: the radius of the front surface of the lens, the radius of curvature of the rear surface of the lens and the high-order type coefficient of the lens;
step 4) obtaining a terahertz lens horn antenna according to the results of the steps 1) to 3), and performing tolerance adjustment on the obtained terahertz lens horn antenna by using a Monte Carlo method;
and 5) calculating the far field gain of the lens horn antenna by using an aperture field integration method, and judging whether the calculation result meets the requirement or not to finish the preparation of the terahertz lens horn antenna.
2. The method for manufacturing the terahertz lens horn antenna as claimed in claim 1, wherein the step 1) specifically comprises:
assuming that the caliber of the horn antenna is D, the length of the horn is L and the opening angle of the horn is theta, the caliber of the horn antenna is D;
D＝L sinθ (1)
the horn length L is the distance between a feed end and an opening end of the horn antenna, and the horn length L meets the requirement;
5λ≤L≤15λ
the horn opening angle theta is satisfied;
θ≤30°
the caliber D of the horn antenna meets the following requirements:
10λ≤D≤15λ
where λ is the wavelength.
3. The method for manufacturing a terahertz lens horn antenna as claimed in claim 1, wherein the step 2) specifically comprises:
assuming that the distance from the emission source to the surface of the terahertz lens is L1, and the focal length of the terahertz lens is f; the caliber of the terahertz lens is D1(ii) a The numerical aperture of the lens is NA;
the distance L1 from the emission source to the surface of the terahertz lens is equal to L, and then L1 satisfies:
5λ≤L1≤15λ
focal length f of the lens:
wherein L is2Is the image distance of the lens, L is the afocal image space of the far field high gain antenna2From this, f ═ L1 ═ L, it is found that:
5λ≤f≤15λ
caliber D of terahertz lens1D, the same aperture as the horn antenna, then D1Satisfies the following conditions:
10λ≤D1≤15λ
wherein λ is the wavelength;
the sine of the horn opening angle theta determines the numerical aperture NA of the lens, and the numerical aperture NA of the lens is sin theta and is taken to be between 0.3 and 0.5, namely the following conditions are met:
0.3≤sinθ≤0.5。
4. the method for manufacturing a terahertz lens horn antenna as claimed in claim 1, wherein the step 3) specifically comprises:
setting the terahertz lens as a plano-convex lens, wherein the front surface of the terahertz lens is a plane lens surface type, and the rear surface of the terahertz lens is a convex lens surface type; the plane lens surface shape is superposed with the horn mouth surface of the horn antenna;
the radius of the front surface of the lens is equal to the radius of a horn mouth of the horn antenna;
the expression of the convex lens surface shape of the rear surface of the lens is
Wherein z is the optical axis of the terahertz lens; r is the meridian plane coordinate of the terahertz lens; k is a consecutive constant; c is the radius of curvature of the rear surface of the lens; a is1A lens higher order type coefficient of a lens rear surface;
according to the above formula, k, c and a are simultaneously adjusted1(ii) a And finishing the adjustment if the beam emitted from the terahertz lens is a parallel beam.
5. The method for manufacturing a thz lens horn antenna according to claim 1, wherein the step 4) specifically comprises:
obtaining a terahertz lens horn antenna according to the results of the steps 1) to 3), and performing tolerance analysis on the obtained terahertz lens horn antenna by using a Monte Carlo method;
within the tolerance range of +/-0.2 mm, if the wave surface wave aberration emitted by the terahertz lens horn antenna is smaller than or equal to lambda/14, the requirement is met, and the step 5) is carried out;
if the wave surface wave aberration emitted by the terahertz lens horn antenna is larger than lambda/14, reducing the tolerance of the terahertz lens horn antenna until the wave surface wave aberration emitted by the terahertz lens horn antenna is smaller than lambda/14;
if the size is reduced to +/-0.05 mm and the requirement cannot be met, the step 3) is carried out again, and redesign is carried out.
6. The method for manufacturing a terahertz lens horn antenna as claimed in claim 1, wherein the step 5) specifically comprises:
calculating far field gains of the lens horn antenna under different frequencies by using a rapid multistage sub method, and judging whether the calculated far field gains meet requirements or not;
when the calculated far-field gain is higher than or equal to 25dB in the required frequency range, the obtained far-field gain meets the requirements of high gain and narrow beams, the operation is finished, and the preparation of the terahertz lens horn antenna is completed;
if the calculated far-field gains are all below the 25dB requirement in the desired frequency range, then steps 3) -5) are repeated until the calculated far-field gains are all above or equal to 25dB in the desired frequency range.
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