CN113821850B - Geological boundary optimization method for steep slope oblique photography model by utilizing point offset technology - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for optimizing geological boundary of a steep slope oblique photography model by utilizing a point offset technology, which belongs to the field of geological exploration and GIS of hydraulic and hydroelectric engineering, and comprises the following steps: 1. drawing a line exposed out of a geological object on the oblique photography model in a mode of drawing a multi-section line by clicking, and obtaining a three-dimensional coordinate sequence of the point by the oblique photography model; 2. calculating two-dimensional coordinates of a screen corresponding to the three-dimensional coordinate sequence; 3. encrypting the three-dimensional multi-section line at the corresponding position of the screen coordinates and the oblique photography model; 4. selectively slightly shifting the three-dimensional coordinate points; 5. and connecting all the three-dimensional coordinate points after the offset, and giving color and line type information to form a geological boundary. According to the invention, the geological characteristics of the hydraulic and hydroelectric engineering and the limitation of the current GIS platform on the visual effect of the oblique photography model are considered, a visual optimization method is provided for the ground wire plotting process on the steep slope, and the geological analysis is assisted.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of hydraulic engineering geological exploration, GIS and three-dimensional visualization, in particular to a method for optimizing geological boundary of a steep slope oblique photography model by utilizing a point offset technology.
Background
Geological investigation is basic work of various stages of hydraulic and hydroelectric engineering design, construction, operation and maintenance and the like, and the task amount is extremely heavy. The current water conservancy and hydropower geological investigation work mainly depends on manual recording and drawing, the digitalisation degree is low, the analysis efficiency is low, and the data is not easy to manage, so that a plurality of domestic and foreign units begin to work on developing a digitalized field geological information acquisition system in recent years, such as a EgoInfo photographic geological recording system developed by university of river and sea and an engineering investigation digital acquisition information system of a yellow river water conservancy committee survey planning and design institute. However, these relatively sophisticated digital cataloging systems currently use mainly two-dimensional modes for the drawing and recording of geologic objects on photographs or CAD base drawings. The data base map of the two-dimensional layer is difficult to reflect the spatial distribution condition of geological objects, and has a large degree of limitation in the field collection and the field analysis processes. The Chengdu survey design institute develops a three-dimensional live-action geological mapping system based on a Skyline platform, and restores the geological phenomenon of the earth surface through superposition of a DEM and a DOM. The system improves the practical value of the field acquisition and recording system to a great extent, however, the main disadvantage is that the accuracy of the system still cannot completely meet the requirements of actual investigation.
In the aspect of restoring the real form of the three-dimensional world, the oblique photography model manufactured by unmanned aerial vehicle aerial photography has great advantages. Various large water conservancy and hydropower investigation design institutions are in dispute to establish an oblique photography model as one of important links in a geological analysis process. The problem of low precision in the field digital cataloging process can be effectively solved by drawing geological objects such as points, lines, planes and the like on the oblique photography model. However, the data structure of the oblique photography model is complex, and it is difficult for each large GIS platform at home and abroad to realize more complex space calculation by using the oblique photography model. Currently, one of the most important problems with oblique photography model cataloging is the geological boundary cataloging problem. The three-dimensional coordinates of each point on the model can be calculated by clicking the mouse on the oblique photography model, and the three-dimensional geological boundary can be displayed by connecting the three-dimensional coordinates in sequence. The three-dimensional geological boundary has two modes of 'absolute elevation' and 'earth surface adherence', wherein the geological boundary under the absolute elevation model is intermittently shielded by the earth surface due to the fact that the earth surface morphology is undulating, the visualization effect is poor, and therefore the 'earth surface adherence' model can meet the recording requirement generally. However, the ground-surface-adhering mode is essentially the result of projecting a three-dimensional space multi-segment line vertically downwards onto an oblique photography model along the Z axis, so that when the recorded geological object is a cliff with a great gradient, the projected line directly forms a surface which is stuck on the model, the coordinate point data acquired in the process are correct, but the visualization effect is extremely poor, and the field analysis can be carried out to a great extent.
Disclosure of Invention
The technical problem to be solved by the invention is to provide a method for optimizing geological boundary lines of a steep slope oblique photography model by utilizing a point offset technology, and aiming at the characteristics of a hydraulic and hydroelectric engineering geological model, a visualization process of geological boundary line cataloging based on the oblique photography model is optimized by utilizing a computer graphics principle and space geometric calculation so as to improve quality and efficiency of field geological investigation.
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention adopts the following technical scheme: a geological boundary optimization method for a steep slope oblique photography model by utilizing a point offset technology comprises the following steps:
A. drawing a line exposed out of a geological object on the oblique photography model in a mode of drawing a multi-section line by clicking, and obtaining a three-dimensional coordinate sequence of the point by the oblique photography model;
B. Calculating two-dimensional coordinates of a screen corresponding to the three-dimensional coordinate sequence in the step A;
C. encrypting the three-dimensional multi-section line of the two-dimensional coordinates of the screen and the corresponding position of the oblique photography model;
D. performing tiny offset on the three-dimensional coordinate point generated by encryption to enable the three-dimensional coordinate point to be higher than the ground surface by a tiny distance;
E. and connecting all the three-dimensional coordinate points after the offset, and giving color and line type information to form a geological boundary.
The drawing multi-section line in the step A adopts an absolute elevation mode.
The geological objects in step a include stratigraphic boundaries, lithology boundaries, fracture exposure lines, fold axes, physical geological phenomenon range lines, step boundaries, stockyard range lines, and fissures.
The encryption in the step C is carried out once by selecting a coordinate every time in the drawing process, and the specific steps comprise:
C1. acquiring a screen two-dimensional coordinate of a current point, and further acquiring a space coordinate on a three-dimensional model corresponding to the screen coordinate;
C2. acquiring the space coordinate of the previous point, and reversely calculating the corresponding two-dimensional screen coordinate;
C3. Dividing a space line segment formed by two space coordinate points into N-1 parts averagely, and extracting N corresponding three-dimensional coordinate points (P 1,P2,…,PN);
C4. Connecting two-dimensional coordinates of the screen to form a line segment, equally dividing the line segment into N-1 parts, and extracting a series of corresponding two-dimensional coordinate points;
C5. And (3) solving a three-dimensional space coordinate sequence (Q 1,Q2,…,QN) corresponding to the two-dimensional coordinate point sequence corresponding to the last step.
The degree of encryption in steps C3 and C4 is determined based on the scale of extension of the geological boundary being drawn, the computing power of the computer, and the specific needs of the researcher.
The step D comprises the following steps:
D1. Sequentially matching P i and Q i points to form a point pair sequence;
D2. Setting a limit delta;
D3. Judging each pair (P i,Qi), if the total number of points with the height of Q i higher than P i is more than 5% of the total number of points, or if the distance between Q i and P i is more than the limit value delta, performing the next offset, otherwise, performing no offset;
D4. Setting a small offset epsilon;
D5. Shifting each Q i higher than P i by epsilon in the direction of spatial line P iQi;
D6. repeating D2-D4 until point offset is not needed;
D7. The offset (Q 1,Q2,…,QN) are connected in order, an optimized spatial geological boundary is formed.
And E, storing the geological boundary formed by the construction in a database, and simultaneously warehousing the space coordinate sequences before and after the deviation so as to ensure the accuracy of ground wire coordinate information and the rationality of visual display.
The beneficial effects of the invention are as follows: the method has the advantages that the geological characteristics of the hydraulic and hydroelectric engineering and the limitation of the current GIS platform on the visual effect of the oblique photography model are considered, a visual optimization method is provided for the ground wire plotting process on the steep slope, the phenomenon that the ground wire is shielded under the condition that the ground surface is higher than the ground wire is avoided, the three-dimensional presentation effect of the ground wire is clearer, and therefore geological analysis can be effectively assisted.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a geological boundary optimization method of a steep slope oblique photography model by utilizing a point offset technology;
FIG. 2A is a graph of the effect of the geological boundary before algorithm adjustment;
FIG. 2B is a graph of the effect of algorithmically adjusted geological boundary.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention; it is apparent that the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, not all embodiments, and that all other embodiments obtained by persons of ordinary skill in the art without making creative efforts based on the embodiments in the present invention are within the protection scope of the present invention.
As shown in fig. 1, the geological boundary optimization method of the steep slope oblique photography model by using the point offset technology comprises the following steps:
A. drawing a line exposed out of a geological object on the oblique photography model in a mode of drawing a multi-section line by clicking, and obtaining a three-dimensional coordinate sequence of the point by the oblique photography model;
B. Calculating two-dimensional coordinates of a screen corresponding to the three-dimensional coordinate sequence in the step A;
C. encrypting the three-dimensional multi-section line of the two-dimensional coordinates of the screen and the corresponding position of the oblique photography model;
D. performing tiny offset on the three-dimensional coordinate point generated by encryption to enable the three-dimensional coordinate point to be higher than the ground surface by a tiny distance;
E. and connecting all the three-dimensional coordinate points after the offset, and giving color and line type information to form a geological boundary.
The drawing multi-section line in the step A adopts an absolute elevation mode.
The geological objects in step a include stratigraphic boundaries, lithology boundaries, fracture exposure lines, fold axes, physical geological phenomenon range lines, step boundaries, stockyard range lines, and fissures.
The encryption in the step C is carried out once by selecting a coordinate every time in the drawing process, and the specific steps comprise:
C1. acquiring a screen two-dimensional coordinate of a current point, and further acquiring a space coordinate on a three-dimensional model corresponding to the screen coordinate;
C2. acquiring the space coordinate of the previous point, and reversely calculating the corresponding two-dimensional screen coordinate;
C3. Dividing a space line segment formed by two space coordinate points into N-1 parts averagely, and extracting N corresponding three-dimensional coordinate points (P 1,P2,…,PN);
C4. Connecting two-dimensional coordinates of the screen to form a line segment, equally dividing the line segment into N-1 parts, and extracting a series of corresponding two-dimensional coordinate points;
C5. And (3) solving a three-dimensional space coordinate sequence (Q 1,Q2,…,QN) corresponding to the two-dimensional coordinate point sequence corresponding to the last step.
The degree of encryption in steps C3 and C4 is determined based on the scale of extension of the geological boundary being drawn, the computing power of the computer, and the specific needs of the researcher.
The step D comprises the following steps:
D1. Sequentially matching P i and Q i points to form a point pair sequence;
D2. Setting a limit delta;
D3. Judging each pair (P i,Qi), if the total number of points with the height of Q i higher than P i is more than 5% of the total number of points, or if the distance between Q i and P i is more than the limit value delta, performing the next offset, otherwise, performing no offset;
D4. Setting a small offset epsilon;
D5. Shifting each Q i higher than P i by epsilon in the direction of spatial line P iQi;
D6. repeating D2-D4 until point offset is not needed;
D7. The offset (Q 1,Q2,…,QN) are connected in order, an optimized spatial geological boundary is formed.
And E, storing the geological boundary formed by the construction in a database, and simultaneously warehousing the space coordinate sequences before and after the deviation so as to ensure the accuracy of ground wire coordinate information and the rationality of visual display.
The encryption process in the step C is performed step by step in the drawing process, namely encryption is performed once when one coordinate is selected every time, instead of unified encryption after the whole multi-section line is drawn, so that the problem of inconsistent coordinate systems caused by dynamic rotation, movement or scaling of the model is solved.
The space multi-section line formed by the step E is used for better visual presentation so as to assist space analysis, and space coordinate sequences before and after the deviation are stored in a database at the same time so as to ensure the accuracy of ground wire coordinate information and the rationality of visual display.
The three-dimensional visual effect of the geological boundary line on the oblique photography model is improved.
The following is a detailed description of an example:
the GIS platform adopted in this embodiment is SurperMapiObject i 10i. The method specifically comprises the following steps:
And A, drawing a sketch line of the geological object on the oblique photography model in a mode of pointing and drawing a multi-section line. In general, a GIS platform provides a "patch model" and an "absolute elevation" measurement mode for a spatial geometric object such as a point, a line, a plane, etc., wherein the "patch model" refers to projecting the spatial geometric object vertically downward along a Z-axis onto an oblique photography model, and the "absolute elevation" refers to directly connecting each coordinate point in sequence in space to form a spatial multi-segment line. An absolute elevation pattern is required here.
Line-type geologic objects include stratigraphic boundaries, lithology boundaries, fracture exposure lines, fold axes, physical geologic phenomenon range lines, step boundaries, stockyard range lines, and fissures.
And B, in the drawing process, acquiring screen coordinates of the points and corresponding three-dimensional coordinate sequences in the oblique photography model by using a function of calculating the space coordinate points by the screen points provided by the GIS platform.
And C, encrypting the three-dimensional multi-section line of the screen coordinates and the corresponding position of the oblique photography model, wherein the encryption process is gradually carried out in the drawing process, instead of unified encryption after the multi-section line is drawn, namely, each coordinate point is selected to be sequentially encrypted, and the specific steps further comprise:
Step C1, acquiring screen coordinates of a current point, and acquiring space coordinates on a three-dimensional model corresponding to the screen coordinates by using a function of calculating space coordinate points by the screen points;
step C2., obtaining the space coordinates of the previous point, and calculating the corresponding screen coordinates by using a function of calculating the screen points with the space coordinates;
Step C3., equally dividing a space line segment formed by two space coordinate points into N-1 parts, and extracting N corresponding three-dimensional coordinate points (P 1,P2,…,PN);
Step C4, connecting two screen coordinates to form a line segment, equally dividing the line segment into N-1 parts, and extracting a series of corresponding two-dimensional coordinate points;
The encryption rules in steps C3 and C4 are as follows:
(1) Determining the distance between two space coordinate points and the pixel distance between two corresponding screen coordinate points;
(2) If the ratio of the two distances is within 100:1, encrypting with the distance of 2 meters as the interval;
(3) If the ratio of the two distances is between 100:1 and 200:1, encrypting with the distance of 4 meters as the interval;
(4) If the ratio of the two distances is between 200:1 and 500:1, encrypting at a distance of 10 meters;
(5) If the ratio of the two distances is between 500:1 and 1000:1, encrypting with the distance of 20 meters as the interval;
(6) If the ratio of the two distances is between 1000:1 and 2000:1, encrypting with 40 meters as a distance;
(7) If the ratio of the two distances is between 2000:1 and 5000:1, encrypting with a spacing of 100 meters;
(8) If the ratio of the two distances is between 5000:1 and 10000:1, encrypting with 200 meters as a distance;
(9) If the ratio of the two distances is between 10000:1 and 25000:1, encrypting with 500 meters as a distance;
(10) If the ratio of the two distances is between 25000:1 and 50000:1, encrypting with 1000 meters as a distance;
(11) If the ratio of the two distances is between 50000:1 and 100000:1, encrypting with 2000 meters as a distance;
(12) If the ratio of the two distances is between 100000:1 and 200000:1, encrypting with 4000 meters as the interval;
(13) If the ratio of the two distances is between 200000:1 and 250000:1, encrypting at a distance of 5000 meters;
Step C5. obtains a three-dimensional space coordinate sequence corresponding to the two-dimensional coordinate point sequence corresponding to step C4 (Q 1,Q2,…,QN).
And D, selectively slightly shifting the three-dimensional coordinate points, wherein the specific steps comprise:
D1. Sequentially matching P i and Q i points to form a point pair sequence;
D2. Setting a limit delta;
D3. Judging each pair (P i,Qi), if the total number of points with the height of Q i higher than P i is more than 5% of the total number of points, or if the distance between Q i and P i is more than the limit value delta, performing the next offset, otherwise, performing no offset;
D4. Setting a small offset epsilon;
D5. Shifting each Q i higher than P i by epsilon in the direction of spatial line P iQi;
D6. repeating D2-D4 until point offset is not needed;
D7. And (3) sequentially connecting the offset (Q 1,Q2,…,QN), so that a space geological boundary with ideal visual effect is formed.
The principle of the above-described adjustment process is shown in fig. 1.
And E, connecting all the offset three-dimensional coordinate points, and endowing color and line type information to form geological boundaries, as shown in fig. 2A and 2B.
And finally, simultaneously importing the space coordinate sequences before and after the offset into a database to ensure the accuracy of ground wire coordinate information and the rationality of visual display.
The above-described embodiments are only for illustrating the technical spirit and features of the present invention, and it is intended to enable those skilled in the art to understand the content of the present invention and to implement it accordingly, and the scope of the present invention is not limited to the embodiments, i.e. equivalent changes or modifications to the spirit of the present invention are still within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (4)
1. A geological boundary optimization method for a steep slope oblique photography model by utilizing a point offset technology is characterized by comprising the following steps:
A. Drawing a multi-section line by pointing and selecting in an absolute elevation mode, drawing an exposed line of a geological object on an oblique photography model, and acquiring a three-dimensional coordinate sequence of the point by the oblique photography model;
B. Calculating two-dimensional coordinates of a screen corresponding to the three-dimensional coordinate sequence in the step A;
C. encrypting the three-dimensional multi-section line of the two-dimensional coordinates of the screen and the corresponding position of the oblique photography model; the encryption is carried out once by selecting a coordinate every time in the drawing process, and the specific steps comprise:
C1. acquiring a screen two-dimensional coordinate of a current point, and further acquiring a space coordinate on a three-dimensional model corresponding to the screen coordinate;
C2. acquiring the space coordinate of the previous point, and reversely calculating the corresponding two-dimensional screen coordinate;
C3. Dividing a space line segment formed by two space coordinate points into N-1 parts averagely, and extracting N corresponding three-dimensional coordinate points (P 1,P2,…,PN);
C4. Connecting two-dimensional coordinates of the screen to form a line segment, equally dividing the line segment into N-1 parts, and extracting a series of corresponding two-dimensional coordinate points;
C5. solving a three-dimensional space coordinate sequence (Q 1,Q2,…,QN) corresponding to the two-dimensional coordinate point sequence corresponding to the previous step;
D. Performing a slight shift on the encrypted three-dimensional coordinate point to be higher than the ground surface by a slight distance, including:
D1. Sequentially matching P i and Q i points to form a point pair sequence;
D2. Setting a limit delta;
D3. Judging each pair (P i,Qi), if the total number of points with the height of Q i higher than P i is more than 5% of the total number of points, or if the distance between Q i and P i is more than the limit value delta, performing the next offset, otherwise, performing no offset;
D4. Setting a small offset epsilon;
D5. Shifting each Q i higher than P i by epsilon in the direction of spatial line P iQi;
D6. repeating D2-D4 until point offset is not needed;
D7. Sequentially connecting the offset (Q 1,Q2,…,QN), then forming an optimized spatial geological boundary;
E. and connecting all the three-dimensional coordinate points after the offset, and giving color and line type information to form a geological boundary.
2. The method of optimizing geologic boundaries of a steep slope oblique photography model using point offset techniques as claimed in claim 1, wherein the geologic objects in step a comprise stratigraphic boundaries, lithology boundaries, fracture exposure lines, fold axes, physical geologic phenomenon range lines, step boundaries, stockyard range lines, and fissures.
3. The method for optimizing geologic boundaries of a steep slope oblique photography model using point offset techniques according to claim 1, wherein the degree of encryption in steps C3 and C4 is determined based on the scale of extension of the geologic boundary being drawn, the computing power of the computer, and the specific needs of the researcher.
4. The method for optimizing geologic boundaries of a steep slope oblique photography model by utilizing a point offset technology according to claim 1, wherein the geologic boundaries formed by the construction in the step E are stored in a database, and the spatial coordinate sequences before and after the offset are simultaneously put in storage, so that the accuracy of ground wire coordinate information and the rationality of visual display are ensured.
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| CN113375644A (en) * | 2021-07-12 | 2021-09-10 | 天津大学 | High-precision side slope occurrence measuring method |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| KR20020041387A (en) * | 2002-05-13 | 2002-06-01 | (주)이지스 | Solid-Model Type's third dimension GIS DB construction automation method and third dimension Space DB use method to take advantage of second dimensions space information |
| CN101762264A (en) * | 2008-10-27 | 2010-06-30 | 任凌云 | Auxiliary segment sliding block method for interactive selection of arbitrary point in three-dimensional geological model |
| WO2010126176A1 (en) * | 2009-04-28 | 2010-11-04 | Choi Joonsoo | Method for partitioning region represented by contours into smaller polygonal zones and calculating digital elevation model data and geographic surface configuration data, and recording medium in which program for implementing method is recorded |
| CN113375644A (en) * | 2021-07-12 | 2021-09-10 | 天津大学 | High-precision side slope occurrence measuring method |
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