CN113820855A - Design method of electromagnetic drive bidirectional zoom liquid lens - Google Patents
Design method of electromagnetic drive bidirectional zoom liquid lens Download PDFInfo
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- CN113820855A CN113820855A CN202111012519.8A CN202111012519A CN113820855A CN 113820855 A CN113820855 A CN 113820855A CN 202111012519 A CN202111012519 A CN 202111012519A CN 113820855 A CN113820855 A CN 113820855A
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B27/00—Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00
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- G—PHYSICS
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- G02B3/00—Simple or compound lenses
- G02B3/12—Fluid-filled or evacuated lenses
- G02B3/14—Fluid-filled or evacuated lenses of variable focal length
Abstract
The invention discloses a design method of an electromagnetic drive bidirectional zoom liquid lens, and belongs to the field of adaptive optical devices. Through the optimization to the shape of face and the central membrane of liquid lens are thick, thereby obtain the non-uniform thickness elastic membrane structure of dynamic correction liquid lens aberration, the non-uniform thickness elastic membrane arranges to the convex structure, it makes the initial focus of liquid lens for infinity thereby greatly improve the zoom scope to fill liquid and non-uniform thickness elastic membrane refractive index matching, thereby drive the non-uniform thickness elastic membrane in the middle light passing region of ring and produce the deformation through the drive ring of extrusion or tensile design, make whole drive structure very compact, and utilize the electromagnetic drive mode of high integration, through the direction and the size of controlling the electric current that flows through the coil, produce the lorentz force drive liquid lens of different directions and size in the magnetic field that the permanent magnet produced and produce different directions, the deformation of different degree, thereby wide two-way zooming has been realized.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of self-adaptive optical devices, and particularly relates to a design method of an electromagnetically-driven bidirectional zoom liquid lens.
Background
The traditional zooming optical system realizes zooming by changing the distance between lens groups, depends on the matching of a precise mechanical structure, and adopts a liquid lens as an adaptive optical device, so that the change of focal length can be realized without adjusting mechanical displacement, and the traditional zooming optical system is widely researched and applied.
In chinese patent CN109459851A, an initial structure for correcting spherical aberration of a liquid lens is proposed by optimizing the initial focal length and the central film thickness, and the design has a very significant correction effect on spherical aberration, but the initial structure is optimized without considering the influence of other aberrations, and the driving mode thereof depends on an external liquid injection device to realize zooming, which is not favorable for the compactness of the whole device structure, and the structure has a certain initial focal length in the initial state, thereby limiting the variation range of the focal length.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the defects of the prior art, the present invention aims to provide a design method of an electromagnetically driven bidirectional zoom liquid lens, which aims to solve the problem that the liquid lens is difficult to realize high-quality bidirectional zoom in a large focal length range.
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides a method for designing an electromagnetically driven two-way variable focus liquid lens, capable of dynamically correcting various primary aberrations of the liquid lens and realizing a wide range of two-way variable focus by using a highly integrated electromagnetic driving method, the liquid lens is composed of an unequal-thickness elastic film structure, a transparent substrate and a liquid chamber, and is packaged by an electromagnetic driving device, and the design of the unequal-thickness elastic film comprises the following steps:
(1) optimizing the surface shape of the non-uniform-thickness elastic membrane structure: the non-uniform thickness elastic membrane positioned above the liquid lens comprises a bottom surface protruding downwards and a planar top surface, and the non-uniform thickness elastic membrane is made of a transparent medium material; defining the focal length of a plano-convex structure formed by overturning the bottom surface and the top surface as a PC initial focal length, and optimizing the shape of the bottom surface of the non-equal-thickness elastic membrane according to the initial focal length range of a target PC under the condition that the non-equal-thickness elastic membrane is not deformed, wherein the shape of the bottom surface of the non-equal-thickness elastic membrane and the planar top surface are the surface shapes of the optimized non-equal-thickness elastic membrane structure;
(2) optimizing the central film thickness of the non-uniform-thickness elastic film structure: in the initial focal length range of the target PC, the change of the focal length of the liquid lens is realized by utilizing the deformation of the unequal-thickness elastic membrane in different degrees generated by the stress deformation, and the aberration curves of the unequal-thickness elastic membranes with different central membrane thicknesses in the target focal length change range are obtained through simulation; evaluating an aberration curve through a preset evaluation standard, and determining the central film thickness of the optimized non-uniform-thickness elastic film structure;
(3) and (3) according to the surface shape of the optimized unequal-thickness elastic membrane structure obtained in the step (1) and the central film thickness of the optimized unequal-thickness elastic membrane structure obtained in the step (2), driving the unequal-thickness elastic membrane in the light transmission area in the middle of the circular ring to deform by extruding or stretching the electromagnetic driving circular ring to construct an unequal-thickness elastic membrane structure, so as to obtain the electromagnetic driving bidirectional zoom liquid lens.
Preferably, the filling liquid of the liquid lens is matched with the refractive index of the non-uniform-thickness elastic film. Because the filling liquid is matched with the non-uniform-thickness elastic film in refractive index, the light ray exit end is a plane, the initial focal length is infinite no matter how the surface profile of the bottom surface is, but the aberration performance is different due to different bottom surface profile.
Has the advantages that: the refractive index of liquid filled in the liquid lens is the same as that of the elastic film with unequal thickness, the initial surface shape of the emergent surface is a plane, so that the focal length of the liquid lens in the initial state is infinite, the absolute value of the focal length of the liquid lens is gradually reduced along with the increase of the driving force, and the great focal length change can be realized only by small force in the long-focus state, so that the zooming range is large.
Preferably, the evaluation criteria preset in step (2) are:
and evaluating the sizes of the various aberrations by drawing a relation curve of the various primary aberrations and the sizes of the light spots along with the change of the focal length, and screening out the central film thickness by comprehensively considering the aberration performance and the driving performance of the liquid lens and the antigravity stability. Preferably, the electromagnetic driving in step (3) is divided into a moving coil type and a moving iron type, the moving coil type connects the coil and the liquid lens together to move in a magnetic field, the moving iron type connects the magnet and the liquid lens together to move in the magnetic field, and lorentz forces with different magnitudes are generated in the magnetic field generated by the permanent magnet by controlling the magnitude of current flowing through the coil, so as to drive the non-equal-thickness elastic membrane above the liquid lens to generate deformation with different degrees, thereby realizing the focal length adjusting function; the stress direction of the liquid lens is changed by controlling the direction of the coil current, so that the bidirectional zooming is realized. In the moving coil type, a coil is positioned on an electromagnetic driving ring of the liquid lens, and a magnet is positioned outside the coil and is fixed with the coil coaxially; in the moving-iron type, the magnet is located on the electromagnetic driving ring of the liquid lens, and the coil is located outside the magnet and fixed coaxially therewith.
Has the advantages that: thereby the electromagnetic drive ring through extrusion (tensile) design drives the non-uniform thickness elastic membrane in the middle of the ring light-passing region and produces the deformation for whole drive structure is very compact, and utilize highly integrated electromagnetic drive mode, through the electric current size of control flow coil, produce the lorentz force drive liquid lens of equidimension not and produce the deformation of equidirectional, not degree in the magnetic field that the permanent magnet produced, thereby realized two-way zooming on a large scale.
Preferably, in the step (1), the optimization of the bottom surface shape of the non-uniform-thickness elastic film according to the target focal length is specifically optimized by using a ray tracing method, such as ZEMAX software. In the step (2), the simulation is specifically performed based on a finite element simulation method, such as COMSOL multi-physics simulation software.
Preferably, the base surface is polynomial, such as an even-order aspheric surface.
Has the advantages that: the initial structure of the liquid lens is selected by comprehensively considering the influence of various aberrations in a large focal length range, so that the liquid lens keeps excellent imaging performance in a large-range zooming process.
Preferably, the target focal length variation range in step (2) is flexibly selected according to different application requirements, such as ∞ to ± 15 mm.
Preferably, the non-uniform thickness elastic film is a polymer, such as PDMS, that exhibits good optical transmittance to the operating band and has excellent mechanical elasticity.
Through the technical scheme, compared with the prior art, the invention can obtain the following beneficial effects.
1. According to the electromagnetic drive bidirectional zoom liquid lens provided by the invention, the film is arranged into a convex-flat structure, and the refractive indexes of the filling liquid and the film are the same, so that the initial focal length of the liquid lens is infinite.
2. The electromagnetically-driven bidirectional zoom liquid lens provided by the invention obtains an initial structure for comprehensively optimizing various aberrations by optimizing the surface shape and the central film thickness of the liquid lens.
3. The electromagnetic drive bidirectional zoom liquid lens provided by the invention realizes bidirectional wide-range zooming of the liquid lens by controlling the magnitude and direction of current flowing through the coil.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of an electromagnetically driven bidirectional zoom liquid lens provided by the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic flow chart of a method for optimally designing a non-uniform-thickness elastic membrane of an electromagnetically-driven bi-directional variable-focus liquid lens according to the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a simulation process of a non-uniform-thickness liquid lens of an electromagnetically-driven bi-directional variable-focus liquid lens according to the present invention;
fig. 4 is an aberration curve of the electromagnetically driven two-way variable-focus liquid lens of the present invention at an initial PC focal length of 30mm, where (a) is a spherical aberration curve, (b) is a coma curve, (c) is an astigmatism curve, (d) is a field curve, (e) is a distortion curve, (f) is a chromatic aberration curve, (g) is a 0 ° field RMS spot radius curve, and (h) is a 20 ° field RMS spot radius curve;
FIG. 5 is a comparison of four sets of aberration curves, where (a) is a spherical aberration curve, (b) is a coma curve, (c) is an astigmatism curve, (d) is a field curve, (e) is a distortion curve, (f) is a chromatic aberration curve, (g) is a 0 degree field RMS spot radius curve, and (h) is a 20 degree field RMS spot radius curve;
FIG. 6 is a comparison of aberration curves of four groups of structures under the influence of gravity, where (a) is a spherical aberration curve, (b) is a coma curve, (c) is an astigmatism curve, (d) is a field curve, (e) is a distortion curve, (f) is a chromatic aberration curve, (g) is a 0 degree field RMS spot radius curve, and (h) is a 20 degree field RMS spot radius curve;
FIG. 7 is a schematic structural diagram of a moving coil type electromagnetic drive;
FIG. 8 is a schematic structural view of a moving-iron type electromagnetic drive;
fig. 9 is a current-focus diagram of an electromagnetically driven liquid lens.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention is described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not intended to limit the invention. In addition, the technical features involved in the embodiments of the present invention described below may be combined with each other as long as they do not conflict with each other.
The liquid lens structure is composed of a non-uniform thickness elastic membrane structure, a transparent substrate and a liquid cavity, and is packaged by an electromagnetic driving device, as shown in fig. 1. The design of the non-uniform thickness elastic membrane comprises the following steps:
(1) optimizing the surface shape of the non-uniform-thickness elastic membrane structure: the non-uniform thickness elastic membrane positioned above the liquid lens comprises a bottom surface protruding downwards and a planar top surface, and the non-uniform thickness elastic membrane is made of a transparent medium material; defining the focal length of a plano-convex structure formed by overturning the bottom surface and the top surface as a PC initial focal length, and optimizing the shape of the bottom surface of the non-equal-thickness elastic membrane according to the initial focal length range of a target PC under the condition that the non-equal-thickness elastic membrane is not deformed, wherein the shape of the bottom surface of the non-equal-thickness elastic membrane and the planar top surface are the surface shapes of the optimized non-equal-thickness elastic membrane structure;
(2) optimizing the central film thickness of the non-uniform-thickness elastic film structure: in the initial focal length range of the target PC, the change of the focal length of the liquid lens is realized by utilizing the deformation of the unequal-thickness elastic membrane in different degrees generated by the stress deformation, and the aberration curves of the unequal-thickness elastic membranes with different central membrane thicknesses in the target focal length change range are obtained through simulation; evaluating an aberration curve through a preset evaluation standard, and determining the central film thickness of the optimized non-uniform-thickness elastic film structure;
(3) and (3) according to the surface shape of the optimized unequal-thickness elastic membrane structure obtained in the step (1) and the central film thickness of the optimized unequal-thickness elastic membrane structure obtained in the step (2), driving the unequal-thickness elastic membrane in the light transmission area in the middle of the circular ring to deform by extruding or stretching the electromagnetic driving circular ring to construct an unequal-thickness elastic membrane structure, so as to obtain the electromagnetic driving bidirectional zoom liquid lens.
The light-transmitting area of the non-uniform-thickness elastic film structure is arranged to be a convex-flat structure, the refractive index of liquid filled in the liquid cavity is matched with that of the non-uniform-thickness elastic film, the focal length of the liquid lens in the initial state is infinite through the design and is approximate to a parallel flat plate, and the zooming range is greatly improved. The driving circular ring is designed on the non-uniform-thickness elastic film structure, the driving circular ring is driven to deform through extrusion or stretching, so that the non-uniform-thickness elastic film in the light passing area in the middle of the circular ring is driven to deform, the whole driving structure is very compact, the coil (or the magnet) is adhered to the driving circular ring through the non-uniform-thickness elastic film liquid, and the liquid lens can be driven to deform in different directions and different degrees by controlling the size and the direction of the current of the coil so as to generate bidirectional focal length change.
The invention adopts two variables of PC initial focal length and film center thickness to characterize the initial structure of the non-uniform-thickness elastic film in the liquid lens. The specific optimization method is as shown in fig. 2, the invention optimizes the surface shape of the film with the plane-convex structure under the initial focal length, and turns the film into the structure of the convex film as the liquid lens, and the initial focal length of the film with the plane-convex structure is defined as the initial focal length of the PC. The initial focal length of the liquid lens PC is set as the initial focal length 1 of the PC, and the aspheric surface is subjected to aberration optimization, so that the optimal aspheric surface shape equation under the initial focal length of the PC can be obtained. Then, the center thickness of the film is set to be 1, and then simulation is carried out to obtain a relation curve of each aberration and the focal length. Keeping the initial focal length of the aspheric surface unchanged, then selecting different film thicknesses, respectively simulating, and obtaining the variation trend of the liquid lens aberration along with the film thickness under the initial focal length by comparing aberration curves of different film thicknesses. And then selecting a plurality of PC initial focal lengths, and repeating the process of changing the central film thickness and extracting the aberration to obtain aberration data of different PC initial focal length values under different central film thicknesses. And comparing all the aberration data, comprehensively considering the aberration performance, the driving performance and the antigravity stability of the liquid lens, and selecting a group of optimal initial structures.
The specific simulation flow is shown in fig. 3. In the first step, the initial structure of the liquid lens film is optimized through ZEMAX. The method is characterized in that a proper PC initial focal length is selected through a given zoom range (such as infinity to +/-15 mm), and the high-order term coefficient of the aspheric surface with the plano-convex structure can be optimized and turned into the plano-convex structure through ZEMAX software by setting the aberration options to be optimized. And then selecting a proper central film thickness, the initial structure of the liquid lens film can be determined. And secondly, simulating the deformation process of the film through COMSOL. After determining various parameters of the lower liquid lens, a corresponding liquid lens structure model can be established in COMSOL, the deformation process of the film of the driving ring under different pressures is simulated, and surface shape data under different deformations is derived. And thirdly, compiling a script through MATLAB software, and fitting the surface shape data derived in the second step to obtain an aspheric surface shape equation after the film is deformed under different driving pressures. And fourthly, substituting the fitted aspheric surface shapes into the ZEMAX one by one to perform optical simulation through MATLAB and ZEMAX dynamic data transmission technology, and dynamically extracting various aberration data into the MATLAB so as to perform comparative analysis in the subsequent process.
In the embodiment, taking the liquid lens structure with the PC initial focal length of 30mm as an example, showing the process of extracting aberration data of different central film thicknesses, 4 sets of central film thickness data of 0.35mm, 0.4mm, 0.45mm and 0.5mm are selected, and according to the simulation procedure described above, the aberration data of the liquid lens with the PC initial focal length of 30mm under the 4 sets of central film thicknesses can be obtained as shown in (a) to (h) in fig. 4. It can be seen that the correction effects on astigmatism, distortion and chromatic aberration by the method of modifying the center film thickness are very limited because these aberrations are difficult to correct by a single lens, and the correction effects are very significant for spherical aberration, coma, curvature of field and spot radius.
Changing the initial focal length of the PC, repeating the simulation process, obtaining aberration data of the liquid lens under different initial focal lengths and different central film thicknesses of the PC, and comparing the simulation data of all the structures, the invention screens out four groups of initial structures with excellent aberration performance, wherein the four groups of initial structures respectively comprise a combination of 0.48mm central film thickness of 25mm of the initial focal length of the PC, a combination of 0.4mm central film thickness of 30mm of the initial focal length of the PC, a combination of 0.35mm central film thickness of 35mm of the initial focal length of the PC and a combination of 0.3mm central film thickness of 35mm of the initial focal length of the PC, and different initial structures of the lens film have respective advantages and disadvantages. In the design requirements of the present invention, the liquid lens structure is not only required to have good optical quality throughout the entire zoom range, but it is also desirable that the driving force required by the structure be as small as possible, and that the influence of gravity be as small as possible. When zooming to 15mm, the driving force required by the four structures is shown in table 1, the change curve of each aberration of the liquid lens along with the focal length under the influence of gravity is shown in fig. 6, and finally, the three aspects of the aberration performance, the driving performance and the anti-gravity stability of the four structures are comprehensively considered, so that the convex-flat film structure with the initial structure of 30mm of the initial focal length of PC and the central film thickness of 0.4mm is selected as the final design scheme of the liquid lens film.
TABLE 1
| Thin film structure | Magnitude of driving force/N |
| 25-0.48 | 0.2639 |
| 30-0.4 | 0.14703 |
| 35-0.35 | 0.12064 |
| 35-0.3 | 0.10556 |
And (3) preparing a complete liquid lens according to the optimized initial structure, assembling the complete liquid lens into a whole by using an electromagnetic driving device, wherein the complete liquid lens can be divided into two types of a moving coil type and a moving iron type, as shown in figures 7 and 8, measuring the focal length value of the liquid lens under the driving of different coil currents through experiments, and comparing the focal length value with a simulation result, as shown in figure 9.
It will be understood by those skilled in the art that the foregoing is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and is not intended to limit the invention, and that any modification, equivalent replacement, or improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A design method of an electromagnetic drive bidirectional zoom liquid lens is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) optimizing the surface shape of the non-uniform-thickness elastic membrane structure: the non-uniform thickness elastic membrane positioned above the liquid lens comprises a bottom surface protruding downwards and a planar top surface, and the non-uniform thickness elastic membrane is made of a transparent medium material; defining the focal length of a plano-convex structure formed by overturning the bottom surface and the top surface as a PC initial focal length, and optimizing the shape of the bottom surface of the non-equal-thickness elastic membrane according to the initial focal length range of a target PC under the condition that the non-equal-thickness elastic membrane is not deformed, wherein the shape of the bottom surface of the non-equal-thickness elastic membrane and the planar top surface are the surface shapes of the optimized non-equal-thickness elastic membrane structure;
(2) optimizing the central film thickness of the non-uniform-thickness elastic film structure: in the initial focal length range of the target PC, the change of the focal length of the liquid lens is realized by utilizing the deformation of the unequal-thickness elastic membrane in different degrees generated by the stress deformation, and the aberration curves of the unequal-thickness elastic membranes with different central membrane thicknesses in the target focal length change range are obtained through simulation; evaluating an aberration curve through a preset evaluation standard, and determining the central film thickness of the optimized non-uniform-thickness elastic film structure;
(3) and (3) according to the surface shape of the optimized unequal-thickness elastic membrane structure obtained in the step (1) and the central film thickness of the optimized unequal-thickness elastic membrane structure obtained in the step (2), driving the unequal-thickness elastic membrane in the light transmission area in the middle of the circular ring to deform by extruding or stretching the electromagnetic driving circular ring to construct an unequal-thickness elastic membrane structure, so as to obtain the electromagnetic driving bidirectional zoom liquid lens.
2. The method of designing a liquid lens according to claim 1, wherein a filling liquid of the liquid lens is matched with an index of refraction of the non-uniform-thickness elastic film.
3. The method for designing a liquid lens according to claim 1, wherein the evaluation criteria preset in the step (2) are:
and evaluating the sizes of the various aberrations by drawing a relation curve of the various primary aberrations and the sizes of the light spots along with the change of the focal length, and screening out the central film thickness by comprehensively considering the aberration performance and the driving performance of the liquid lens and the antigravity stability.
4. The method for designing a liquid lens according to claim 1, wherein the electromagnetic driving in step (3) is divided into a moving coil type and a moving iron type, the moving coil type is that the coil and the liquid lens are connected together to move in a magnetic field, the moving iron type is that the magnet and the liquid lens are connected together to move in the magnetic field, and by controlling the magnitude of the current flowing through the coil, lorentz forces with different magnitudes are generated in the magnetic field generated by the permanent magnet to drive the non-uniform thickness elastic membrane above the liquid lens to deform to different degrees, thereby realizing the focal length adjustment function; the stress direction of the liquid lens is changed by controlling the direction of the coil current, so that the bidirectional zooming is realized.
5. The method of claim 4, wherein in the moving coil type, the coil is located on an electromagnetic driving ring of the liquid lens, and the magnet is located outside the coil and fixed coaxially therewith; in the moving-iron type, the magnet is located on the electromagnetic driving ring of the liquid lens, and the coil is located outside the magnet and fixed coaxially therewith.
6. The method of designing a liquid lens according to claim 1, wherein in said step (1), said optimizing the shape of the bottom surface of the non-uniform thickness elastic film in accordance with the target focal length is optimized by using ZEMAX software.
7. The method of designing a liquid lens as claimed in claim 1, wherein in the step (1), the bottom surface is an even-order aspherical surface.
8. The method of designing a liquid lens according to claim 1, wherein in the step (2), the simulation is based on COMSOL multi-physics simulation software.
9. The method of designing a liquid lens according to claim 1, wherein the target focal length variation range in the step (2) is ∞ to ± 15 mm.
10. The method of claim 1, wherein the non-uniform thickness film body is a PDMS film with a non-uniform thickness.
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