CN113820097A - Test device and test method for researching river bank zone undercurrent exchange - Google Patents
Test device and test method for researching river bank zone undercurrent exchange Download PDFInfo
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- CN113820097A CN113820097A CN202110949113.6A CN202110949113A CN113820097A CN 113820097 A CN113820097 A CN 113820097A CN 202110949113 A CN202110949113 A CN 202110949113A CN 113820097 A CN113820097 A CN 113820097A
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- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 46
- 238000010998 test method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 13
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 266
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 36
- 230000004907 flux Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000005192 partition Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000004576 sand Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000008400 supply water Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000012935 Averaging Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000004888 barrier function Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000004088 simulation Methods 0.000 abstract description 9
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 7
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000002352 surface water Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000903 blocking effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920001971 elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000003344 environmental pollutant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008676 import Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012774 insulation material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003993 interaction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 231100000719 pollutant Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005070 sampling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920006395 saturated elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000013049 sediment Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012795 verification Methods 0.000 description 1
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
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- G01M10/00—Hydrodynamic testing; Arrangements in or on ship-testing tanks or water tunnels
Abstract
The invention discloses a test device and a test method for researching river bank zone undercurrent exchange, which comprises a water tank, a water supply mechanism and a seepage measurement mechanism, wherein one end of the water tank is provided with a water inlet and a first water outlet, the other end of the water tank is provided with a second water outlet, the test device also comprises the water supply mechanism, and the water inlet, the water supply mechanism and the first water outlet form a closed loop; a temperature sensor is arranged on the side surface of the water tank. The sample device is adopted to simulate the river bank zone undercurrent exchange, and an analysis model for solving the river bank zone undercurrent exchange rate according to the temperature is selected by utilizing a water seepage rate diagram obtained by water seepage weight, so that the accurate river bank zone undercurrent exchange rate and flux are obtained. The simulation accuracy of the undercurrent zone can be improved, so that the simulation accuracy can be used for researching the undercurrent exchange rate and flux of the river bank zone among different measuring points of a single section.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of hydraulic engineering test equipment, relates to a test device for researching river bank zone undercurrent exchange, and further relates to a test method of the test device.
Background
The undercurrent zone refers to a saturated settled layer in the riverbed and the riparian zone, and is an area where surface water and underground water exchange, substance and energy exchange and biological community growth and propagation occur, and a complex physical and chemical reaction process occurs between the surface water and the underground water, and is also an important pollutant buffer zone. The area where surface water and underground water are subjected to water heat exchange through the riparian zone sediment layer is called a riparian zone undercurrent layer, the riparian zone undercurrent layer and the riverbed undercurrent layer are all important components of a river ecosystem and are one of important points of research, and the research has important significance for pollution control and improvement of the structure and the function of a small ecological system around the pollution control.
At present, the experimental method for researching the undercurrent zone mainly comprises a field experiment and an indoor experiment, wherein the field experiment has a longer research period and is limited by various conditions. The indoor simulation research has fewer limit conditions and is easy to realize, and the effect of field test research can be achieved. Therefore, it is very economical to study the bank zone undercurrent exchange process through indoor experimental simulation.
Most scholars mainly focus on simulation research of the river bed undercurrent exchange aiming at the research of the indoor test undercurrent exchange, the indoor tests of the riverbank zone are few, and the conventional test device cannot verify the test accuracy, so that the simulation of the undercurrent zone is inaccurate.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a test device for researching river bank zone undercurrent exchange, and solves the problem that the existing test device in the prior art cannot verify the accuracy of a test.
The invention adopts the technical scheme that the test device for researching the river bank zone undercurrent exchange is characterized by comprising a water tank, a water supply mechanism, a seepage measurement mechanism and a water supply mechanism, wherein one end of the water tank is provided with a water inlet and a first water outlet, the other end of the water tank is provided with a second water outlet, the test device also comprises the water supply mechanism, and the water inlet, the water supply mechanism and the first water outlet form a closed loop; a temperature sensor is arranged on the side surface of the water tank.
The invention is also characterized in that: two clapboards are symmetrically arranged in the water tank, and a water hole is arranged on each clapboard.
The water inlet includes a plurality ofly, and a plurality of water inlets are arranged along the vertical direction of basin in proper order, and first delivery port is located the water inlet below.
Each clapboard is wrapped with a baffle piece for preventing the water through holes from being blocked.
The water supply mechanism comprises a variable temperature water tank, a water pump is arranged in the variable temperature water tank, an outlet of the water pump is communicated with the water inlet, and a first water outlet is communicated with the variable temperature water tank.
The seepage quantity measuring mechanism comprises a weight measuring mechanism, and a collector used for collecting the effluent of the second water outlet is arranged on the weight measuring mechanism.
The side of the water tank is provided with a through hole for placing a temperature sensor.
The water through holes are distributed on the side surface of the water tank in sequence.
The invention also aims to provide a test method for researching river bank zone undercurrent exchange.
The invention adopts another technical scheme that a test method for researching bank zone undercurrent exchange adopts a test device for researching bank zone undercurrent exchange, and comprises the following steps:
step 1, filling sand in a water tank, arranging a temperature sensor according to measurement requirements, turning on a water pump to supply water into the water tank, turning off the water pump when a certain water surface elevation is reached, and starting a test after water flows seep out from a second water outlet for a period of time;
and 6, comparing the water seepage rate map with the bank zone undercurrent exchange rate map, and determining an analysis model of the optimal bank zone undercurrent exchange rate according to the principle that the images coincide and the trend are most closely matched to obtain the accurate bank zone undercurrent exchange rate and flux.
The formula of the water seepage rate of each preset time period calculated in the step 3 is as follows:
m＝ρV (3)；
in the above formula, a is the outlet area of the second water outlet, ν is the seepage velocity, V is the seepage water volume, t is the measurement time, m is the seepage water mass, and ρ is the density of water.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
the invention relates to a test device for researching river bank zone undercurrent exchange, which simulates the daily change process of temperature in one day by controlling the sinusoidal change of the temperature, thereby simulating and researching the river bank zone undercurrent exchange rate and flux. The test method for researching the river bank zone undercurrent exchange can obtain more accurate undercurrent exchange rate and improve the accuracy of undercurrent zone simulation so as to be used for researching the river bank zone undercurrent exchange rate and flux among different measuring points of a single section.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a test device for researching river bank zone undercurrent exchange;
FIG. 2 is a left side view of a test device for studying river bank zone undercurrent exchange according to the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a right side view of a test rig for studying riparian zone undercurrent exchange in accordance with the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a constant head test water temperature and temperature profiles of different deep layers in an embodiment of a test method for researching river bank zone undercurrent exchange;
FIG. 5 is a two-dimensional map of the exchange rate of the bank band underflow obtained using the Hatch amplitude as an analytical model in an example of a test method for studying bank band underflow exchange according to the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a two-dimensional map of the exchange rate of the river bank zone underflow obtained by using Keery amplitude as an analysis model in an example of the test method for researching river bank zone underflow exchange;
fig. 7 is a comparison graph of a measured water seepage rate map in an example of a test method for researching bank zone undercurrent exchange and a two-dimensional bank zone undercurrent exchange rate map obtained by two predetermined analysis models.
In the figure: 1. the water tank comprises a water tank, a water inlet, a first water outlet, a second water outlet, a temperature sensor, a partition plate, a water passing hole, a variable temperature water tank, a water pump, a weight measuring mechanism, a collector, a through hole and a valve, wherein the water tank comprises 2 parts of a water inlet, 3 parts of a first water outlet, 4 parts of a second water outlet, 5 parts of a temperature sensor, 6 parts of a partition plate, 7 parts of a water passing hole, 8 parts of a variable temperature water tank, 9 parts of a water pump, 10 parts of a weight measuring mechanism, 11 parts of a collector, 12 parts of a through hole and 13 parts of a valve.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.
A test device for researching river bank zone undercurrent exchange is shown in figures 1-3 and comprises a water tank 1, a water supply mechanism and a seepage measurement mechanism, wherein a water inlet 2 and a first water outlet 3 are formed in one end of the water tank 1, a second water outlet 4 is formed in the other end of the water tank 1, and water which freely seeps out can flow out of the water tank 1 through the second water outlet 4. The water supply device also comprises a water supply mechanism, wherein a closed loop is formed by the water inlet 2, the water supply mechanism and the first water outlet 3; the side of the water tank 1 is provided with a temperature sensor 5. The water inlet 2, the first water outlet 3 and the second water outlet 4 are respectively provided with a valve 13. In this embodiment, basin 1 is wrapped up with insulation material all around and top surface, prevents that indoor temperature from influencing the used rivers temperature of experiment.
Two clapboards 6 are symmetrically arranged in the water tank 1, and a water hole 7 is arranged on each clapboard 6. In this embodiment, the distance between the partition plate 6 and the water tank 1 is 15 cm. The water through holes 7 can buffer water flow for water inlet and outlet of the water tank 1.
The water inlet 2 comprises a plurality of water inlets 2 which are arranged in sequence along the vertical direction of the water tank 1, and the first water outlet 3 is positioned below the water inlet 2. The water inlets with different heights are replaced, so that tests with different water levels can be realized. The first water outlet 3 can control different water level elevations of the simulated riparian zone and enable the water level to be in a stable state.
Each partition 6 is wrapped with a barrier member for preventing the water passing holes 7 from being clogged. The separating piece can be gauze, the partition plate 6 is wrapped by the gauze, and the silt particles are prevented from blocking the water inlet 2 and the first water outlet 3 through the partition plate 6.
The water supply mechanism comprises a temperature-changing water tank 8, a water pump 9 is arranged in the temperature-changing water tank 8, an outlet of the water pump 9 is communicated with the water inlet 2, and the first water outlet 3 is communicated with the temperature-changing water tank 8. The water pump 9 supplies sinusoidal temperature change water flow in the intelligent temperature change water tank 8 to the water tank 1 through a pipeline.
The seepage quantity measuring mechanism comprises a weight measuring mechanism 10, and a collector 11 for collecting the water flowing out of the second water outlet 4 is arranged on the weight measuring mechanism 10. In this embodiment, the weight measuring mechanism 10 is an electronic scale, and the collector 11 is a measuring cup or other container.
The side of the water tank 1 is provided with a through hole 12 for placing the temperature sensor 5. The temperature sensor 5 is installed as required, and the through-hole 12 which has been perforated but has not been installed with the temperature sensor 5 may be plugged with a rubber plug to prevent water and sand from flowing out at the time of the test. The through holes 12 are arranged in a row in order on the side of the sink 1.
A test method for researching river bank zone undercurrent exchange adopts a test device for researching river bank zone undercurrent exchange, and comprises the following steps:
step 1, filling sand in a water tank 1, compacting the sand by using a hammer, arranging a temperature sensor 5 according to measurement requirements, starting a water pump 9 to supply water into the water tank 1, stopping the water pump 9 when a certain water surface elevation is reached, slowly permeating water in the water tank 1 to saturate the sand, and starting a test after a period of time when water flows seep out from a second water outlet 4;
m＝ρV (3)；
in the above formula, a is the outlet area of the second water outlet, ν is the seepage velocity, V is the seepage water volume, t is the measurement time, m is the seepage water mass, and ρ is the density of water.
further, the analysis model may be one of four classical models (including a Hatch solution, a kerery solution, a McCallum solution, and a Luce solution) of the VFLUX program, and may also be 1 DTempPro. The vertical seepage velocity between surface water and underground water is calculated by the two modes according to the temperature time sequence data, the calculation program is convenient and efficient, and the interaction between the surface water and the underground water is widely applied and quantified.
And 6, comparing the water seepage rate map with the bank zone undercurrent exchange rate map, and determining an analysis model of the optimal bank zone undercurrent exchange rate according to the principle that the images coincide and the trend are most closely matched to obtain the accurate bank zone undercurrent exchange rate and flux.
If the exchange rate and the flux of the river bank zone undercurrent of different water levels need to be measured, the water level in the water tank 1 is adjusted by replacing the water inlet 2, and the collected temperature data is calculated by using the analysis model selected in the step 6, so that the exchange rate and the flux of the river bank zone undercurrent of the corresponding water level are obtained.
Through the mode, the test device for researching the river bank zone undercurrent exchange simulates the daily change process of the temperature in one day by controlling the sinusoidal change of the temperature, so that the river bank zone undercurrent exchange rate and the flux are simulated and researched, an appropriate analysis model is selected by comparing actual measurement with simulation, the more accurate undercurrent exchange rate is obtained, the accuracy of the undercurrent zone simulation is improved, and the test device is used for researching the river bank zone undercurrent exchange rate and the flux among different measuring points of a single section.
Examples
The characteristic parameters of the test soil adopted in the embodiment are shown in table 1:
TABLE 1 characteristic parameters of the test soil
Step 1, filling sand in a water tank 1, compacting the sand by using a hammer, arranging a temperature sensor 5 according to measurement requirements, starting a water pump 9 to supply water into the water tank 1, stopping the water pump 9 when a certain water surface elevation is reached, slowly permeating water in the water tank 1 to saturate the sand, and starting a test after a period of time when water flows seep out from a second water outlet 4;
m＝ρV (3)；
in the above formula, a is the outlet area of the second water outlet, ν is the seepage velocity, V is the seepage water volume, t is the measurement time, m is the seepage water mass, and ρ is the density of water.
TABLE 2
And 5, importing each group of data and the average value of each group of data into a VFLUX program of MATLAB software, operating the VFLUX format to create a formatted data structure, operating the VFLUX program written into the MATLAB software, and solving the river bank latent current exchange rate under two introduced classical models (Hatch amplitude solution and Keery amplitude solution) in the VFLUX program, and respectively drawing a two-dimensional river bank latent current exchange rate graph taking time as an abscissa.
The specific operation method of the step 5 comprises the following steps:
step 5.1, downloading the VFLUX program on a website, and adding the position of a VFLUX program folder into an MATLAB search path; then adding a captain folder and a VFLUX2 folder in the VFLUX program folder to the path and clicking the selected folder and subfolders;
step 5.2, processing the first series of time sequence of the temperature time sequence data shown in the figure 4 into a form of yyy/m/d h: mm and other time intervals of 1 hour, converting the first series of time sequence into a conventional or numerical cell format, and modifying the abscissa scale value according to the measured time after the drawing is finished; the measured time series temperature data of different depth positions are sequentially placed in the second column and the third column … … of the EXCEL file according to the principle from shallow to deep, and are stored in the format of xls or xlsx, and the test takes two columns of data as an example: superficial and deep; then running MATLAB, clicking 'import data', importing and defining the processed data as a 'matrix', importing the selected data into an MATLAB working area, and renaming the data as 'T1';
step 5.3, changing the code "site 1 to vfluxformat (T1(: 1), T1(: 2:3), [ 0.00.53 ]); inputting the code into an MATLAB command column, and selecting and executing the code to create a data structure; "site 1" in the code is the name of the formatted data structure; "T1 (: 1)" is a sequence of sample times; "T1 (: 2: 3)" is a matrix of temperature sequences; "[ 0.00.53 ]" is the row vector of depth positions for each temperature recorder, in meters;
after the commands of step 5.4 and step 5.3 are executed, a code "site 1 ═ VFLUX (site1,0,1,1,0.41,0.010,0.00031,0.5, 1)" is input into the next line in the MATLAB command field, the code is selected, and the command is executed according to the prompt command of MATLAB, so that a two-dimensional river bank zone latent current exchange rate map with time as the abscissa, which is obtained by two kinds of predefined classical analysis models (Hatch amplitude solution, kerry amplitude solution) in VFLUX, can be obtained, as shown in fig. 5 and fig. 6; wherein "0" in the step 4 code is a positive integer factor for reducing the sampling rate, "1" is a scalar or vector of positive integers representing the calculation of the flux between the two thermometers, and "1" is the period of the basic temperature signal filtered in days and used for flux calculation; the total porosity of the "0.41" deposit, i.e., the volume of pore space divided by the total volume; "0.010" is the thermal diffusivity in m; "0.00031" is the thermal conductivity, in cal/(s cm. degree. C.); "0.5" is the volumetric heat capacity of the deposit, in cal/(cm 3. DEG C.); "1" is the volumetric heat capacity of water, in cal/(cm 3. cndot.).
And 6, comparing the water seepage rate map with the bank zone undercurrent exchange rate map, and determining an analysis model of the optimal bank zone undercurrent exchange rate according to the principle that the images coincide and the trend are most closely matched to obtain the accurate bank zone undercurrent exchange rate and flux.
The result of this embodiment is shown in fig. 7, and the magnitude and general variation trend shown by the measured value and the flow velocity result calculated by the two selected classical analysis models are highly consistent, which is sufficient to verify the accuracy of the experiment device and the experiment method for researching the river bank zone undercurrent exchange. During verification, the Hatch amplitude method calculation result and the measured value goodness of fit of the two selected analysis models are the highest, and the analysis model can be used for researching the river bank zone undercurrent exchange rate and flux between different measuring points of a single section.
Claims (10)
1. A test device for researching river bank zone undercurrent exchange is characterized by comprising a water tank (1), a water supply mechanism and a seepage measurement mechanism, wherein one end of the water tank (1) is provided with a water inlet (2) and a first water outlet (3), the other end of the water tank (1) is provided with a second water outlet (4), the test device also comprises the water supply mechanism, and the water inlet (2), the water supply mechanism and the first water outlet (3) form a closed loop; and a temperature sensor (5) is arranged on the side surface of the water tank (1).
2. The test device for researching river bank zone undercurrent exchange according to claim 1, characterized in that two partition plates (6) are symmetrically arranged in the water tank (1), and each partition plate (6) is provided with a water through hole (7).
3. The test device for researching riparian zone undercurrent exchange according to claim 1, wherein the water inlet (2) comprises a plurality of water inlets (2), the plurality of water inlets (2) are arranged in sequence along the vertical direction of the water tank (1), and the first water outlet (3) is positioned below the water inlets (2).
4. The test device for researching river bank zone undercurrent exchange according to claim 2, characterized in that each of said partition boards (6) is wrapped with a barrier piece for preventing the water through holes (7) from being blocked.
5. The test device for researching river bank zone undercurrent exchange according to claim 1, wherein the water supply mechanism comprises a temperature-changing water tank (8), a water pump (9) is arranged in the temperature-changing water tank (8), an outlet of the water pump (9) is communicated with the water inlet (2), and the first water outlet (3) is communicated with the temperature-changing water tank (8).
6. The test device for researching river bank zone undercurrent exchange according to claim 1, characterized in that the seepage water amount measuring mechanism comprises a weight measuring mechanism (10), and a collector (11) for collecting the effluent water of the second water outlet (4) is arranged on the weight measuring mechanism (10).
7. The test device for researching river bank zone undercurrent exchange according to claim 1, characterized in that the side of the water tank (1) is provided with a through hole (12) for placing the temperature sensor (5).
8. The test device for researching river bank zone undercurrent exchange according to claim 2, characterized in that the water through holes (7) are distributed on the side of the water tank (1) in sequence.
9. A test method for researching river bank zone undercurrent exchange is characterized in that the test device for researching river bank zone undercurrent exchange comprises the following steps:
step 1, filling sand in the water tank (1), arranging a temperature sensor (5) according to measurement requirements, starting a water pump (9) to supply water into the water tank (1), closing the water pump (9) when a certain water surface elevation is reached, and starting a test after water flow seeps out of the second water outlet (4) for a period of time;
step 2, adjusting the temperature of the variable temperature water tank (8) to be in a sine-shaped change, turning on a water pump (9) to supply water to the water tank (1), and adjusting the water flow of the water inlet (2) and the first water outlet (3) to keep the water level in the water tank (1) stable;
step 3, collecting the water seepage weight in a preset time period through a weight measuring mechanism (10), simultaneously collecting temperature data by using a temperature sensor (5), calculating the water seepage rate of each preset time period according to the water seepage weight, and drawing;
step 4, carrying out standardization processing on the temperature data acquired by the temperature sensor (5), grouping the temperature data according to columns, and carrying out averaging processing on each group of data to obtain an average value;
step 5, importing each group of data and the average value of each group of data into an analysis model, solving the river bank zone undercurrent exchange rate, and drawing a river bank zone undercurrent exchange rate graph;
and 6, comparing the water seepage rate map with a bank zone undercurrent exchange rate map, and determining an analysis model of the optimal bank zone undercurrent exchange rate according to the principle that the images coincide and the trend are most closely matched to obtain the accurate bank zone undercurrent exchange rate and flux.
10. The experimental method for researching river bank zone undercurrent exchange according to claim 9, wherein the formula of the water seepage rate of each preset time period calculated in step 3 is as follows:
m＝ρV (3)；
in the above formula, a is the outlet area of the second water outlet, ν is the seepage velocity, V is the seepage water volume, t is the measurement time, m is the seepage water mass, and ρ is the density of water.
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN115931644A (en) * | 2022-11-25 | 2023-04-07 | 河海大学 | Undercurrent exchange flux measuring method and device |
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2021
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| JP2000146893A (en) * | 1998-11-17 | 2000-05-26 | Nissin Electric Co Ltd | Bod measuring instrument and bod measuring method |
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