CN113819545A - Wall body - Google Patents
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- CN113819545A CN113819545A CN202111048448.7A CN202111048448A CN113819545A CN 113819545 A CN113819545 A CN 113819545A CN 202111048448 A CN202111048448 A CN 202111048448A CN 113819545 A CN113819545 A CN 113819545A
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- DCAYPVUWAIABOU-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexadecane Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC DCAYPVUWAIABOU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 20
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Images
Classifications
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
- F24F5/00—Air-conditioning systems or apparatus not covered by F24F1/00 or F24F3/00, e.g. using solar heat or combined with household units such as an oven or water heater
- F24F5/0089—Systems using radiation from walls or panels
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
- E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
- E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
- E04B1/0023—Building characterised by incorporated canalisations
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
- E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
- E04B1/62—Insulation or other protection; Elements or use of specified material therefor
- E04B1/74—Heat, sound or noise insulation, absorption, or reflection; Other building methods affording favourable thermal or acoustical conditions, e.g. accumulating of heat within walls
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
- F24F7/00—Ventilation
- F24F7/007—Ventilation with forced flow
- F24F7/013—Ventilation with forced flow using wall or window fans, displacing air through the wall or window
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
- E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
- E04B1/62—Insulation or other protection; Elements or use of specified material therefor
- E04B1/74—Heat, sound or noise insulation, absorption, or reflection; Other building methods affording favourable thermal or acoustical conditions, e.g. accumulating of heat within walls
- E04B2001/742—Use of special materials; Materials having special structures or shape
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/14—Thermal energy storage
Abstract
The invention discloses a wall structure which comprises a controllable radiation layer and a temperature-control color-changing phase-changing wall body, wherein the controllable radiation layer is a double-layer sky radiation cooling material, a phase-changing material is filled in the middle of the double-layer sky radiation material, the temperature-control color-changing phase-changing wall body is a bearing wall body filled with the phase-changing material, an air gap is formed between the controllable radiation layer and the temperature-control color-changing phase-changing wall body, and a mixture of the phase-changing material and temperature-control color-changing powder is arranged in the temperature-control color-changing phase-changing wall body. The wall body is provided with a temperature sensor for detecting the outdoor temperature. The upper end and the lower end of the controllable radiation layer and the upper end and the lower end of the temperature control color-changing phase-change wall body are provided with ventilation openings, and each ventilation opening is provided with a ventilation opening and closing device. The invention is suitable for indoor temperature control and ventilation system design and construction, effectively relieves the pain point problem in the field of building energy conservation, and has good popularization and application prospects.
Description
The present application claims priority to the chinese patent application entitled "a wall" entitled "at 202110848271.2, filed on 27/7/2021.
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of building energy conservation, and particularly relates to a wall capable of controlling radiation refrigeration and temperature control color change phase change energy storage.
Background
In order to save energy and reduce carbon emission of buildings, measures need to be taken to change the current energy use form and seek clean and pollution-free energy to replace the traditional fossil energy. Solar energy, which is a clean energy source, is increasingly paid attention to nowadays, but has the intermittent disadvantage that it cannot provide stable heat for a room. The phase change material has the characteristic of automatically absorbing or releasing latent heat to the environment, and the phase change material is combined with a building, so that the contradiction between building energy storage and energy utilization on time and space can be relieved, but the phase change material cannot automatically adjust the light absorption intensity, and is easy to be saturated by heat too fast in summer to lose the heat buffering effect.
In addition, global energy demand for refrigeration and air conditioning has increased dramatically due to global warming effects, population growth, industrial development, and increased levels of living for emerging and developing economies. The current major vapor compression refrigeration technology faces a large energy consumption and global warming effect due to the use of refrigerants, such as Hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs), which in turn causes environmental problems. And since nonrenewable fossil resources are mostly generated by thermodynamic cycles, the cooling process actually makes the earth hotter.
The temperature of the earth outer space is close to absolute zero, the high atmosphere is about 200K, and the earth surface is close to 300K. For objects on the ground, space and high-rise atmosphere are huge cold sources rich in cold energy. The object on the earth surface emits self heat to the low-temperature outer space in a thermal radiation mode through the high transmission of the atmosphere at an atmospheric window waveband (8-13 mu m), and performs radiation heat exchange with the space with higher power, so that the self temperature is reduced, and passive refrigeration, namely sky radiation refrigeration, is realized. Sky radiation refrigeration is a refrigeration mode which can perform passive, efficient and sustainable reduction of refrigeration requirement without consuming any external energy, and is different from the traditional refrigeration technology in that: conventional cooling techniques reject waste heat to the surrounding environment, including the local atmosphere and bodies of water on earth, while skyward cooling techniques reject excess heat to the outer space without consuming any energy. Researches show that organic glass (PMMA) has the optical characteristics of high transmittance in a visible light wave band and high emissivity in an atmospheric window wave band, and can obtain a better sky radiation refrigeration effect. However, the existing sky radiation refrigerating device is not controllable, i.e. the opening and closing of the sky radiation refrigerating device cannot be effectively controlled, and the annual effective temperature control cannot be realized.
Therefore, it is necessary to provide a wall body combining controllable sky radiation refrigeration and temperature control color-changing phase-change energy storage technology, which makes full use of clean energy, can maintain excellent temperature control effect and good room temperature distribution uniformity under different environmental conditions to realize annual effective temperature control, reduce building energy consumption, respond to national calls, and realize more efficient energy utilization.
The method for changing the light absorption of the phase change wall by using the louver, which is proposed in the existing Chinese patent CN 105275112A, CN 108915116A, has the limitations that the mechanical structure and the control device of the wall are complex, and the installation and maintenance cost of the wall is high, so that the method is difficult to widely popularize. In the 4 th phase of the solar science, volume 41, experimental research on phase change walls based on radiation refrigeration and micro-channel heat pipes, the problem that the phase change walls lose effectiveness due to thermal saturation in summer is solved by using radiation refrigeration and micro-channel heat pipes to strengthen heat dissipation of the phase change walls, but the radiation refrigeration continuously exists and is not beneficial to heat storage in winter. The composite wall body obtained by melting and blending the high-density polyethylene, the expanded graphite and the paraffin, which is proposed in the Chinese patent CN 106836522A, has the limitation that the composite wall body can only strengthen heat transfer and light absorption but does not have the controllable characteristic, and the phase-change wall body has no self-adjusting light absorption characteristic and has the problem of easy overheating and failure. In the chinese patent CN 110295831A, the liquid-liquid phase change material is used to adjust the color change layer of the sunlight transmittance through the window, but the phase change material is only changed between white and transparent with the temperature, and the photo-thermal conversion efficiency is low at low temperature. The energy-saving building envelope structure proposed in the Chinese patent CN110424530 is only suitable for a two-layer duplex or large-scale structure building, and cannot exert good effect in civil occasions because the actual building height is far less than the applicable height range of the wall body proposed by the energy-saving building envelope structure.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above limitations or needs for improvement in the prior art, it is an object of the present invention to provide a wall combining controllable radiation refrigeration and temperature-controlled color-changing phase-change energy storage technologies. The technology provided by the patent has flexible construction size range and wide application range; the outer wall adopting the controllable radiation refrigeration technology is arranged, the arrangement of a shutter in the existing device is cancelled, the use of a mechanical driving device is reduced, the wall structure is simplified, and the installation and maintenance cost is reduced; the phase-change wall body has the characteristic of temperature control color change by filling the phase-change material mixed with the temperature control color-change powder into the inner wall, thereby having the characteristics of different light absorption efficiencies at different temperatures and solving the problems that the original phase-change wall body has no self-adjusting light absorption characteristic and is easy to overheat and lose efficacy; by using the color-changing material that changes between black and white depending on temperature, the light-heat conversion efficiency at low temperature is improved.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention for realizing the purpose is as follows:
the utility model provides a wall body, at least including controllable radiation layer, control by temperature change phase transition wall body that discolours, its characterized in that: the controllable radiation layer is a double-layer sky radiation cooling material, an outer wall inner phase change material is filled in the middle of the double-layer sky radiation material, and the opening and closing of sky radiation refrigeration are controlled through the phase change material to form a radiation 'thermal switch'; the temperature control color-changing phase-change wall body is a wall body which is fixed with phase-change materials in an inner wall on the outer side of the bearing wall body, and an air gap is arranged between the controllable radiation layer and the temperature control color-changing phase-change wall body; the wall body is provided with a convection heat switch, namely an outer wall upper ventilation opening is arranged at the upper end of the controllable radiation layer, and an outer wall lower ventilation opening is arranged at the lower end of the controllable radiation layer; the upper end of the temperature control color-changing phase-change wall body is provided with an inner wall ventilation opening, the lower end of the temperature control color-changing phase-change wall body is provided with an inner wall lower ventilation opening, and each air opening is provided with an air opening and closing device which comprises a valve and a driving mechanism.
The preferable scheme further comprises any one of the following technical characteristics:
the double-layer sky radiation cooling material is organic glass, and sky radiation refrigeration is realized.
The phase change material filled between the double-layer sky radiation cooling materials is n-hexadecane, and the phase change temperature is 18.17 ℃.
The phase change material in the temperature control color change wall body is a mixture of n-octadecane and temperature control color change powder, the phase change temperature of the n-octadecane is 28.18 ℃, the temperature control color change powder starts to change color at 26 ℃, the temperature control color change powder is black at low temperature, and the temperature control color change powder is white at high temperature.
The wall body is provided with a temperature sensor, and the temperature sensor is located outdoors and used for detecting outdoor temperature.
The convection heat switch is characterized in that five working modes are provided, namely an outer wall upper ventilation opening, an inner wall upper ventilation opening, an outer wall lower ventilation opening and an inner wall lower ventilation opening, so that effective temperature control at different temperatures is realized.
A wall structure comprising the following:
in the early morning of summer, when the outdoor temperature is not high, an upper air inlet and a lower air inlet of an outer wall of a convection heat switch are opened, and a part of heat is taken away by utilizing external circulation, so that the heat absorption of a phase-change wall body is reduced; when the phase change point of the phase change material in the controllable radiation layer is reached, the phase change material is in a liquid state, the radiation thermal switch is turned on, and the thin organic glass realizes sky radiation refrigeration and summer cooling.
In summer noon, when the outdoor temperature is very high, the phase-change material in the controllable radiation layer is in a liquid state, the radiation 'hot switch' is turned on, and the thin organic glass realizes sky radiation refrigeration; the temperature control color-changing phase-change wall is white, so that light reflection is enhanced, light absorption is reduced, overheating of the phase-change wall is prevented, and heat saturation is prevented; the convection heat switch closes the air inlet on the outer wall, the air outlet on the outer wall, the air inlet on the inner wall and the air outlet on the inner wall, and the air interlayer and the phase-change wall with large heat storage capacity are used for blocking the invasion of external high temperature, thereby effectively playing the constant temperature role of the phase-change wall and keeping the indoor temperature at the temperature comfortable for human body all the time.
At night in summer, the outdoor temperature is reduced, the phase-change material in the controllable radiation layer is in a liquid state, the radiation thermal switch is turned on, and the thin organic glass realizes sky radiation refrigeration; the convection heat switch opens the air inlet on the outer wall and the air outlet under the outer wall, and accelerates the cooling of the phase-change wall body through natural convection and radiation refrigeration, thereby reducing the temperature of the room temperature and the phase-change wall body.
In winter, the phase-change material in the controllable radiation layer is in a solid state, and the radiation thermal switch is closed to block the outward thermal radiation of the phase-change wall; the temperature control color-changing phase-change wall is black, so that light absorption is enhanced, and the light absorption heat conversion efficiency of the phase-change wall is improved; after the temperature of air in the air interlayer rises to a proper temperature, an inner wall air port and an inner wall air port of a convection heat switch are opened, namely an inner circulation mode, indoor air is driven to flow, and the air is heated in the air interlayer, so that the indoor temperature is balanced, and the nonuniformity of temperature distribution is reduced.
At night in winter, the outdoor temperature is low, the phase change material of the outer wall is solidified into a solid state, and the radiation thermal switch is closed to prevent the phase change wall from radiating outwards; the temperature control color-changing phase-change wall is black, so that light absorption is enhanced, and the light absorption heat conversion efficiency of the phase-change wall is improved; the convection 'hot switch' air inlet on the outer wall, the air inlet on the lower part of the outer wall, the air inlet on the inner wall and the air inlet on the lower part of the inner wall are all closed, thereby reducing the heat loss and better maintaining the room temperature at a relatively high level. Compared with the prior art:
1. the invention adopts transparent organic materials such as organic glass (PMMA) or polycarbonate and the like to form a double-layer sky radiation cooling material of the wall body. The organic materials have high permeability in a visible light wave band and high radiation characteristic in an infrared atmosphere window, so that the phase-change materials filled in the wall body can absorb solar light energy and convert the solar light energy into heat energy for storage, and a sky radiation refrigeration system is formed by utilizing the relevant radiation characteristic, so that the phase-change wall body can realize heat buffering and time transfer of the heat energy (namely absorbing the heat energy in the daytime and releasing the heat energy at night to cut peaks and fill valleys), and can utilize the radiation to the outer space at night to cool the wall body, thereby solving the problem that the phase-change wall body in the prior art fails in summer or low latitude areas.
2. In order to solve the problem that the original continuous sky radiation refrigeration causes the phase change wall body to be difficult to heat up and store heat in winter, the invention provides a radiation 'thermal switch' formed by utilizing the different infrared transmission characteristics of the solid state and the liquid state of a phase change material, and also provides a realization method of 'controllable sky radiation refrigeration', namely, the phase change material is added into organic glass, the phase change material is in the liquid state when the phase change material is higher, and the heat radiation normally passes through; the air temperature is low, the air conditioner is solid, and the air conditioner has the characteristic of blocking outward heat radiation, and controls the opening and closing of sky radiation refrigeration.
3. In order to solve the problems that the temperature of a phase-change wall body is expected to be rapidly increased at low temperature and the photo-thermal absorption is expected to be reduced at high temperature, so that the phase-change wall body can be widely applied to occasions with large day-night temperature difference and the problem of thermal saturation failure is prevented, the invention provides a method for mixing temperature-control color-change powder in a phase-change material filled in an inner wall. The low temperature of the temperature control color-changing powder is black, and the high temperature is white, so that a system mixed with the phase-change material is sensitive to the temperature due to the absorption and reflection intensity of light. Therefore, the light absorption and heat conversion efficiency of the phase change wall body is improved at low temperature, the light reflection is enhanced at high temperature, the light absorption is reduced, and the occurrence of the heat saturation phenomenon is hindered.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is an infrared spectrum of a plastic glazing;
FIG. 2 is an infrared spectrum of liquid n-hexadecane;
FIG. 3 is a chart of the infrared spectrum of organic glass coupled with n-hexadecane in liquid state;
FIG. 4 is a schematic structural view of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of the invention operating early in the summer;
FIG. 6 is a schematic view of the invention operating at noon in the summer;
FIG. 7 is a schematic view of the invention operating during the summer night;
FIG. 8 is a schematic view of the invention operating during the winter day;
FIG. 9 is a schematic view of the invention operating during the winter night;
FIG. 10 is a graph showing the change of tuyere angle with the external temperature.
Wherein: 1. a load-bearing wall; 2. thin plexiglass; 3. an internal phase change material within the exterior wall; 4. the phase-change material and the temperature-control color-changing powder mixture are arranged in the inner wall; 5. an air interlayer; 6. an upper side valve of the outer wall and a driving mechanism; 7. an upper side ventilation opening of the outer wall; 8. the upper side valve of the inner wall and the driving mechanism; 9. an upper side ventilation opening of the inner wall; 10. an outer wall lower side ventilation opening; 11. a valve and a driving mechanism at the lower side of the outer wall; 12. an air vent at the lower side of the inner wall; 13. a valve and a driving mechanism at the lower side of the inner wall; 14. a temperature sensor.
Detailed Description
The invention is further illustrated with reference to the accompanying drawings:
as can be seen from fig. 1, the thin organic glass 2(PMMA) has high transmittance in the visible light band and high emission characteristic in the infrared air window, so that it is beneficial for the phase change material 4 filled in the temperature control color change wall to absorb solar light energy and convert the solar light energy into heat energy for storage, and the related radiation characteristic is used to form the space radiation refrigeration system, so that the phase change wall can realize heat buffering and time transfer of heat (i.e., "peak clipping and valley clipping" of heat absorbed in daytime and heat released at night), and can use the radiation of the outer space at night to cool the wall, thereby solving the problem that the phase change wall in the prior art fails in summer or in low latitude areas.
In order to solve the problem that the original continuous sky radiation refrigeration causes the phase change wall body to be difficult to heat up and store heat in winter, the invention provides a radiation 'thermal switch' formed by utilizing the different infrared transmission characteristics of the solid state and the liquid state of a phase change material, and also provides a realization method of 'controllable sky radiation refrigeration', namely, the phase change material is added into organic glass, the phase change material is in the liquid state when the phase change material is higher, and the heat radiation normally passes through; the air temperature is low, the air conditioner is solid, and the air conditioner has the characteristic of blocking outward heat radiation, and controls the opening and closing of sky radiation refrigeration.
Because the outer wall needs to have the characteristic of intensifying sky radiation refrigeration at high temperature, the outer wall needs to be set to have the characteristic of increasing reflection of visible light, namely the reflectivity of the outer wall reaches the maximum value, and therefore visible light transmission is reduced, and the temperature of the inner wall is increased. For the outer wall used in the present device, which can be considered a multilayer optical thin film structure, the reflectivity is mainly affected by the optical properties (such as refractive index) of the material and the thickness of the film layer, and the reflectivity of the incident light with the wavelength of the maximum energy wavelength (475nm) of visible light is mainly considered. The refractive index of the materials used by each film layer of the outer wall is as follows: refractive index of organic glass (PMMA) is n11.49, liquid n-hexadecane refractive index n21.434. Since the optical characteristics of the material are fixed, the reflectivity of the outer wall is adjusted by changing the thickness of each film layer so as to influence the phase difference of each film layer. Under the limitation of the manufacturing process, the integer value is selected for calculation, and the calculation result is shown in the following table. It can be known that when the thicknesses of the inner and outer layers of organic glass are respectively 3mm and 2mm, and the thickness of the n-hexadecane film is 0.49mm, the reflectivity of the outer wall is the largest and is 19.96%. Therefore, the thickness of the outer layer organic glass is 2mm, the thickness of the inner layer organic glass is 3mm, and the thickness of the n-hexadecane film is 0.49mm。
As can be seen from fig. 2, the liquid n-hexadecane has high transmittance in the atmospheric window, and thus, the liquid n-hexadecane does not obstruct the infrared radiation of the band; as can be seen from fig. 3, after the organic glass is coupled with the liquid n-hexadecane, the entire infrared spectrum of the organic glass exhibits low transmittance in the atmospheric window band, and the sum of transmittance and emissivity in the medium is about equal to 1, so that the organic glass has high emission characteristics in the atmospheric window range. Fig. 2 and 3 both illustrate that sky radiation refrigeration can be performed normally when the phase change material 3 in the controllable radiation layer is in a liquid state, i.e. the radiation "thermal switch" is turned on. When the phase-change material 3 in the controllable radiation layer is crystallized into a solid state, the phase-change material is in a matte effect after being crystallized at a low temperature, so that the scattering of light is enhanced, outward heat radiation is blocked, heat loss is reduced, and the effect of closing a radiation thermal switch is achieved.
The invention provides an inner wall structure combining a temperature control color-changing phase-change energy storage technology, aiming at solving the problems that the traditional phase-change wall body has no self-adjusting light absorption characteristic and is easy to overheat and lose efficacy. The phase change material 4 in the temperature control color change wall body is a mixture of n-octadecane and temperature control color change powder, the phase change temperature of the n-octadecane is 28.18 ℃, the temperature control color change powder starts to change color at 26 ℃, the temperature control color change powder is black at low temperature, and the temperature control color change powder is white at high temperature.
The temperature-control color-changing powder is composed of an electron donor, an electron acceptor, a regulator, a sensitizer and other solvents, is integrated by ethylene glycol modified column aromatic hydrocarbon (EGP5) and ATO nanoparticles, and is prepared from a pyridinium modified polyacrylamide polymer, a film-forming monomer, a dispersant, a cross-linking agent and the like. An electron transfer phenomenon occurs between the electron donor and the electron acceptor due to a temperature change, and a color change occurs apparently when light of a certain wavelength is absorbed or radiated in the electron transfer process. The temperature-control color-changing phase-change wall body selects n-octadecane as a phase-change material, the melting point of the phase-change material is 28.18 ℃, so that the color-changing nominal point of the temperature-sensitive color-changing powder is 28 ℃, the color-changing powder starts to change at 26 ℃, the black color presented at low temperature gradually changes into the white color presented at high temperature, and the absorption and reflection intensity of a system mixed with the phase-change material to light is sensitive to the temperature, so that the light absorption and heat conversion efficiency of the phase-change wall body is improved at low temperature, the light reflection is enhanced at high temperature, the light absorption is reduced, the occurrence of the heat saturation phenomenon is hindered, the problem that the phase-change wall body can be rapidly heated up at low temperature is solved, the requirement that the light and heat absorption can be reduced at high temperature is hoped, the phase-change wall body can be widely applied to occasions with large temperature difference day and night, and the problem of heat saturation failure is prevented.
When an air interlayer 5 between the controllable radiation layer and the temperature control color-changing phase-change wall body is closed at an outer wall upper side vent 7, an outer wall lower side vent 10, an inner wall upper side vent 9 and an inner wall lower side vent 12, the heat insulation effect is achieved, the invasion of external high temperature (low temperature) is effectively blocked, and the indoor air temperature is always kept at the temperature comfortable for human bodies; when the vent 7 on the upper side of the outer wall and the vent 10 on the lower side of the outer wall are opened, the air interlayer 5 plays a role in ventilation, and cooling (heating) of the phase change wall body 4 is accelerated through natural convection; when the air vents 9 and 12 on the upper side and the lower side of the inner wall are opened, the air interlayer 5 plays a role of ventilation and drives indoor air to flow through natural convection, so that the indoor temperature is balanced, and the nonuniformity of temperature distribution is reduced.
Five operation modes of the convection "heat switch", i.e., the outer wall upper vent 7, the inner wall upper vent 9, the outer wall lower vent 10, and the inner wall lower vent 12 are shown in the following table:
arranging the temperature sensor 14 outside the wall, comparing the outdoor temperature value with the phase change point temperature of the phase change material of the inner wall by detecting and recording the outdoor temperature value, and making a difference to obtain a temperature difference delta T, wherein the temperature difference delta T is obtained through a matrix function:
[θ1,θ2,θ3,θ4]＝f(ΔT)
and obtaining the theoretical opening and closing angles of the inner, outer, upper and lower air vents.
The theoretical opening and closing angle is used as a target value of a PID algorithm, an incremental PID control algorithm is used,
Δu(k)＝Kp[e(k)-e(k-1)]+Kle(i)+KD[e(k)-2e(k-1)+e(k-2)]
wherein:
e (k): this difference
Δ u (k): variation of output
And after obtaining delta u (k), endowing the increment to a PWM angle adjusting system of the steering engine so as to output corresponding PWM pulse waveforms to control the four air ports to reach ideal positions. Thus, the whole automatic control system for opening and closing the air opening through the outside temperature is formed.
For simplifying the discussion, the phase change point of the phase change material of the inner wall is taken as 28 ℃, and the external temperature T is takenExternal temperatureThe variation range is [ -10,40 [)]℃。
ΔT＝TExternal temperature-28℃
Then, a matrix function [ theta ] can be taken1,θ2,θ3,θ4]F (Δ T) is:
at this time, the air inlet opening and closing degree variation curves of the outer wall upper air inlet 7, the outer wall lower air inlet 10, the inner wall upper air inlet 9 and the inner wall lower air inlet 12 are shown in the attached drawing 10.
A wall structure comprising the following:
in the early morning of summer, when the outdoor temperature is not high, the convection 'hot switch' outer wall upper side air port 7 and the outer wall lower side air port 10 are opened, and a part of heat is taken away by utilizing an external circulation, so that the heat absorption of the phase change wall body 4 is reduced; when the phase change material 3 phase change point in the controllable radiation layer is reached, the phase change material 3 is in a liquid state, the radiation 'thermal switch' is turned on, the thin organic glass 2 realizes sky radiation refrigeration, and the summer cooling is realized.
In summer noon, when the outdoor temperature is very high, the phase-change material 3 in the controllable radiation layer is in a liquid state, the radiation 'hot switch' is turned on, and the thin organic glass 2 realizes sky radiation refrigeration; the temperature control color-changing phase-change wall 4 is white, so that light reflection is enhanced, light absorption is reduced, overheating of the phase-change wall 4 is prevented, and the phenomenon of thermal saturation is prevented; the convection heat switch is characterized in that an outer wall upper side air opening 7, an outer wall lower side air opening 10, an inner wall upper side air opening 9 and an inner wall lower side air opening 12 are all closed, and the air interlayer 5 and the phase change wall body 4 still having large heat storage capacity are utilized to block the invasion of external high temperature, so that the constant temperature effect of the phase change wall body 4 is effectively exerted, and the indoor air temperature is always kept at the temperature comfortable for human bodies.
At night in summer, the outdoor temperature is reduced, the phase change material 3 in the controllable radiation layer is in a liquid state, the radiation thermal switch is turned on, and the thin organic glass 2 realizes sky radiation refrigeration; the convection heat switch is opened at the upper side air port 7 of the outer wall and the lower side air port 10 of the outer wall, and the cooling of the phase change wall body 4 is accelerated through natural convection and radiation refrigeration, so that the temperature of the room temperature and the temperature of the phase change wall body 4 are reduced.
In winter, the phase-change material 3 in the controllable radiation layer is in a solid state, and the radiation thermal switch is closed to block the outward thermal radiation of the phase-change wall body; the temperature control color-changing phase-change wall 4 is black, so that light absorption is enhanced, and the light absorption heat conversion efficiency of the phase-change wall 4 is improved; after the temperature of the air in the air interlayer rises to a proper temperature, the air inlet 9 on the upper side of the inner wall and the air inlet 12 on the lower side of the inner wall of the convection heat switch are opened, namely, an internal circulation mode drives the indoor air to flow, and the air is heated in the air interlayer 5, so that the indoor temperature is balanced, and the nonuniformity of temperature distribution is reduced.
At night in winter, the outdoor temperature is low, the phase change material 3 of the outer wall is solidified into a solid state, and the radiation thermal switch is closed to prevent the phase change wall from radiating outwards; the temperature control color-changing phase-change wall 4 is black, so that light absorption is enhanced, and the light absorption heat conversion efficiency of the phase-change wall 4 is improved; convection "hot switch" outer wall upper side wind gap 7, outer wall lower side wind gap 10, inner wall upper side wind gap 9, inner wall lower side wind gap 12 are all closed to reduce heat loss, make the room temperature maintain at relatively high level better.
The embodiments of the present invention are merely exemplary and not intended to limit the scope of the patent, and those skilled in the art may make modifications to the embodiments without departing from the spirit and scope of the patent.
Claims (7)
1. The utility model provides a wall body, includes controllable radiation layer, control by temperature change phase transition wall body that discolours at least which characterized in that: the controllable radiation layer is a double-layer sky radiation cooling material, an outer wall inner phase change material is filled in the middle of the double-layer sky radiation material, and the opening and closing of sky radiation refrigeration are controlled through the phase change material to form a radiation 'thermal switch'; the temperature control color-changing phase-change wall body is a wall body which is fixed with phase-change materials in an inner wall on the outer side of the bearing wall body, and an air gap is arranged between the controllable radiation layer and the temperature control color-changing phase-change wall body; the wall body is provided with a convection heat switch, namely the upper end of the controllable radiation layer is provided with an outer wall upper ventilation opening, and the lower end is provided with an outer wall lower ventilation opening; the upper end of the temperature control color-changing phase-change wall body is provided with an inner wall ventilation opening, the lower end of the temperature control color-changing phase-change wall body is provided with an inner wall lower ventilation opening, and each air opening is provided with an air opening and closing device which comprises a valve and a driving mechanism.
2. The wall of claim 1, wherein: the double-layer sky radiation cooling material is organic glass, and sky radiation refrigeration is realized.
3. The wall of claim 1, wherein: the phase change material filled between the double-layer sky radiation cooling material is n-hexadecane, and the phase change temperature is 18.17 ℃.
4. The wall of claim 1, wherein: the phase change material in the inner wall of the temperature control color change phase change wall body is a mixture of octadecane and temperature control color change powder, the phase change temperature of the octadecane is 28.18 ℃, the temperature control color change powder starts to change color at 26 ℃, the temperature control color change powder is black at low temperature, and the temperature control color change powder is white at high temperature.
5. The wall of claim 1, wherein: the temperature sensor is arranged outdoors and used for detecting the outdoor temperature.
6. The wall of claim 1, wherein: convection "hot switch", five kinds of operational modes total on outer wall upside vent, interior wall upside vent, outer wall downside vent and the interior wall downside vent promptly to realize effective accuse temperature under the different temperatures.
7. The wall of claim 1, comprising the following five modes of operation:
in the early morning of summer, when the outdoor temperature is not very high, the convection 'hot switch' air inlet on the upper side of the outer wall and the air inlet on the lower side of the outer wall are opened, and a part of heat is taken away by utilizing external circulation, so that the heat absorption of the phase-change wall is reduced; when the phase change point of the phase change material in the controllable radiation layer is reached, the phase change material is in a liquid state, a radiation thermal switch is turned on, and the thin organic glass realizes sky radiation refrigeration and summer cooling;
in summer noon, when the outdoor temperature is very high, the phase-change material in the controllable radiation layer is in a liquid state, the radiation 'hot switch' is turned on, and the thin organic glass realizes sky radiation refrigeration; the temperature control color-changing phase-change wall is white, so that light reflection is enhanced, light absorption is reduced, overheating of the phase-change wall is prevented, and the phenomenon of thermal saturation is prevented; the convection heat switch is characterized in that an outer wall upper side air port, an outer wall lower side air port, an inner wall upper side air port and an inner wall lower side air port are all closed, and an air interlayer and a phase change wall body still having large heat storage capacity are utilized to block the invasion of external high temperature, so that the constant temperature effect of the phase change wall body is exerted, and the indoor temperature is always kept at the comfortable temperature of a human body;
at night in summer, the outdoor temperature is reduced, the phase-change material in the controllable radiation layer is in a liquid state, the radiation thermal switch is turned on, and the thin organic glass realizes sky radiation refrigeration; the upper side air port and the lower side air port of the outer wall of the convection heat switch are opened, and the cooling of the phase-change wall body is accelerated through natural convection and radiation refrigeration, so that the room temperature and the temperature of the phase-change wall body are reduced;
in winter, the phase-change material in the controllable radiation layer is in a solid state, and the radiation thermal switch is closed to block the outward thermal radiation of the phase-change wall; the temperature control color-changing phase-change wall is black, so that light absorption is enhanced, and the light absorption heat conversion efficiency of the phase-change wall is improved; after the temperature of air in the air interlayer rises to a proper temperature, an air inlet on the upper side of the inner wall and an air inlet on the lower side of the inner wall of a convection heat switch are opened, namely an internal circulation mode, indoor air is driven to flow, and the air is heated in the air interlayer, so that the indoor temperature is balanced, and the nonuniformity of temperature distribution is reduced;
at night in winter, the outdoor temperature is low, the phase change material of the outer wall is solidified into a solid state, and the radiation thermal switch is turned off to prevent the phase change wall from radiating outwards; the temperature control color-changing phase-change wall is black, so that light absorption is enhanced, and the light absorption heat conversion efficiency of the phase-change wall is improved; convection "hot switch" outer wall upside wind gap, outer wall downside wind gap, interior wall upside wind gap, interior wall downside wind gap are all closed to reduce heat loss, make the room temperature maintain at relatively high level better.
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| CN114543217A (en) * | 2022-03-07 | 2022-05-27 | 重庆大学 | Embedded pipe type phase change enclosure structure system cooled by solar energy and sky radiation |
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