CN113818863A - Ocean shallow layer gas blowout simulation experiment device and method - Google Patents
Ocean shallow layer gas blowout simulation experiment device and method Download PDFInfo
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- CN113818863A CN113818863A CN202010563180.XA CN202010563180A CN113818863A CN 113818863 A CN113818863 A CN 113818863A CN 202010563180 A CN202010563180 A CN 202010563180A CN 113818863 A CN113818863 A CN 113818863A
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- 238000004088 simulation Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 64
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 54
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 144
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 144
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 87
- 239000013535 sea water Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 49
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 37
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 claims description 17
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- 230000000149 penetrating effect Effects 0.000 claims description 7
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000001276 controlling effect Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000004064 recycling Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 abstract description 8
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 abstract description 7
- 238000005553 drilling Methods 0.000 description 11
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000011435 rock Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003208 petroleum Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000013517 stratification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012780 transparent material Substances 0.000 description 1
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH DRILLING, e.g. DEEP DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B43/00—Methods or apparatus for obtaining oil, gas, water, soluble or meltable materials or a slurry of minerals from wells
- E21B43/01—Methods or apparatus for obtaining oil, gas, water, soluble or meltable materials or a slurry of minerals from wells specially adapted for obtaining from underwater installations
Abstract
The application provides a sea shallow layer gas blowout simulation experiment device and method, and the simulation experiment device comprises: the transparent box body is used for containing seawater to simulate a seawater environment, and scales are arranged on the side wall of the transparent box body along the vertical direction and the horizontal direction; a simulated soil layer arranged at the bottom of the transparent box body to simulate a shallow stratum; the simulation shaft vertically penetrates through the bottom of the transparent box body from the lower part and extends out of the simulation soil layer; the gas injection system is communicated with the simulation shaft so as to inject pressurized simulation gas into the transparent box body filled with seawater through the simulation shaft; and an information acquisition system. By the simulation experiment device and the simulation method, the open flow process of shallow gas can be simulated simply and efficiently, the relations among different shallow gas pressures, gas amounts, soil layer conditions, shaft diameters, open flow gas column heights, gas column ranges and water surface bubble characteristics are simulated, and an experiment basis is provided for the open flow mechanism research of shallow gas.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of marine oil and gas exploration, in particular to a marine shallow layer gas blowout simulation experiment device and method.
Background
In the deep water drilling process, if the stratum of the shallow surface well section contains a shallow gas layer, a blowout preventer system cannot be installed because a surface casing pipe is not lowered at the moment, and drilling is carried out when the shallow gas layer is encountered without the blowout preventer, so that certain danger exists. If a shallow gas blowout occurs at this point, the consequences are much more severe than an onshore blowout. With the continuous deep development of marine oil fields, shallow gas widely exists in offshore oil drilling, disasters caused by marine oil and gas exploration and development are rare, and one solution of the shallow gas is blowout in advance, which requires deep analysis of the blowout mechanism of the shallow gas and research on the relationship between the characteristics of a gas column and the pressure and the gas amount of the shallow gas in the blowout process, so that effective scheme measures are made in the design and construction process of marine drilling, the possibility of disasters caused by the shallow gas is reduced, and the safety of drilling construction and workers is ensured. Therefore, the determination of the blowout mechanism of shallow gas is an important factor for realizing the safety of shallow drilling.
At present, in the existing scientific experiment in the petroleum field, research work for researching and simulating deep rock (artificial rock core) at the bottom layer and stratum characteristic models (artificial stratums) at the deep part of the stratum is sufficient, a simulation experiment device for partially simulating the acoustic characteristics of the stratum with the superficial geological disasters is also provided, a simulation open flow model of superficial gas is not put into the experiment, but a simulation device for carrying out experimental research on the open flow characteristics of the superficial gas is not seen at home and abroad.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the problems in the prior art, the application provides a simulation experiment device for ocean shallow layer gas blowout and a method for simulating ocean shallow layer gas blowout by using the simulation experiment device.
In a first aspect, the present application provides a simulation experiment device for open flow of shallow ocean gas, including: the transparent box body is used for containing seawater to simulate a seawater environment, and scales are arranged on the side wall of the transparent box body along the vertical direction and the horizontal direction; a simulated soil layer arranged at the bottom of the transparent box body to simulate a shallow stratum; the simulation shaft vertically penetrates through the bottom of the transparent box body from the lower part and extends out of the simulation soil layer; the gas injection system is communicated with the simulation shaft so as to inject pressurized simulation gas into the transparent box body filled with seawater through the simulation shaft; and an information acquisition system. Through the simulation experiment device, the open flow process of shallow gas can be simulated simply and efficiently, the relation among different shallow gas pressures, gas amounts, shaft diameters, open flow gas column heights, gas column ranges and water surface bubble characteristics can be simulated, the open flow rule under the condition of certain gas amount can be simulated, and an experiment basis is provided for the open flow mechanism research of shallow gas.
In one embodiment of the first aspect, the gas injection system comprises: a gas storage tank; one end of the air inlet pipeline is connected with the air storage tank, and the other end of the air inlet pipeline is connected with the simulation shaft; a flow velocity measuring element disposed on the gas inlet line for measuring a gas injection velocity of the model gas; and the pressure regulating element is arranged on the gas inlet pipeline and is used for controlling the gas injection pressure of the simulation gas. Through this embodiment, can change gas injection pressure and gas injection total amount according to the condition, simulate different gas injection pressures and gas injection total amount and open the influence of spouting the process to the shallow layer gas.
In one embodiment of the first aspect, further comprising a water injection system, the water injection system comprising: a water storage tank; one end of the water injection pipeline is connected with the water storage tank, and the other end of the water injection pipeline is connected with a water injection port arranged on the transparent box body; and the booster pump is arranged on the water injection pipeline so as to pump the seawater contained in the water storage tank into the transparent box body through the water injection port.
In one embodiment of the first aspect, further comprising a filtration/circulation system, the filtration/circulation system comprising: one end of the water outlet pipeline is connected with the water storage tank, and the other end of the water outlet pipeline is arranged at a water outlet of the transparent box body; and the filtering element is arranged on the water outlet pipeline so as to filter the seawater discharged out of the transparent box body through the water outlet and is introduced into the water storage tank in a recycling mode. Through this embodiment, can carry out the loop filter at the clearance of many times test to the sea water in the box for can pump into pure sea water in every test, improve the experimental degree of accuracy.
In one embodiment of the first aspect, the simulated gas is methane or air.
In one embodiment of the first aspect, the length, width and height of the transparent box are 8m × 5m × 5 m.
In one embodiment of the first aspect, the information acquisition system is configured to acquire a target gas injection pressure, a target wellbore diameter, and a target total gas injection quantity, along with corresponding gas column height, gas column range, and surface bubble characteristics.
In a second aspect, the present application further provides a method for simulating a marine shallow gas blowout process by using the marine shallow gas blowout simulation experiment apparatus of the first aspect and the implementation manner thereof, where the method includes the following steps: step 1, vertically penetrating the simulated shaft with the target diameter through the bottom of the transparent box body from the lower part; step 2, paving the simulated soil layer in the transparent box body, compacting and standing for 24 hours; step 3, injecting seawater into the transparent box body to a target height; step 4, injecting gas into the simulated shaft at a target gas injection pressure through the gas injection system, and observing the height, diffusion range and water surface bubble characteristics of a gas column formed in seawater inside the transparent box body; and step 5, when the total gas injection quantity of the gas injection system reaches a preset total gas injection quantity threshold value, gradually reducing the gas injection pressure, and continuously observing the height, the diffusion range and the water surface bubble characteristics of the gas column until no gas overflows from the simulated shaft. By the simulation method, the blowout process of the shallow gas can be simulated simply and efficiently, and an experimental basis is provided for the research of the blowout mechanism of the shallow gas.
In one embodiment of the second aspect, the method further comprises, between step 4 and step 5: and 6, changing the target gas injection pressure of the gas injection system, and repeating the steps 4-5. Through the implementation mode, the influence of different shallow layer air pressures on the open flow process can be simulated.
In one embodiment of the second aspect, the method further comprises: and 7, changing the total gas injection amount threshold value, and repeating the steps 4-5. Through the implementation mode, the influence of different shallow gas contents on the open flow process can be simulated.
In one embodiment of the second aspect, the method further comprises: and 8, changing the target diameter of the simulated shaft, and repeating the steps 1-7. Through this embodiment, can simulate the influence of different pit shaft diameters to shallow layer gas open flow process.
In one embodiment of the second aspect, the method further comprises: and 9, changing the soil texture of the simulated soil layer, and repeating the steps 1-8. Through this embodiment, can simulate the influence of different geological stratification to shallow layer gas open flow process.
In one embodiment of the second aspect, the target gas injection pressure is 0 to 5 MPa.
In one embodiment of the second aspect, the target diameter of the simulated wellbore is 5-25 cm.
This application compares in prior art, provides an experimental apparatus of simple efficient simulation shallow layer gas blowout process, and it can simulate the gas column phenomenon of shallow layer gas blowout in-process, easily develops scientific experiment at indoor outer to the realization carries out relevant experimental survey to required physical characteristics (gas column height, gas column scope etc.). The device can simulate the relationship between different shallow layer gas pressures, gas amounts, shaft diameters and the height of a blowout gas column, the range of the gas column and the condition of bubbles on the water surface, and can also simulate and test the ejection rule under the condition of certain gas amount. An experimental foundation is provided for a shallow gas blowout mechanism, so that the design before drilling and the selection and the use of construction measures are more reasonable when the marine drill meets shallow gas, and the drilling effect with higher safety is realized.
The features mentioned above can be combined in various suitable ways or replaced by equivalent features as long as the object of the invention is achieved.
Drawings
The invention will be described in more detail hereinafter on the basis of embodiments and with reference to the accompanying drawings. Wherein:
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a simulation experiment device for open-flow of marine shallow gas according to an embodiment of the invention;
fig. 2 shows a schematic flow chart of a simulation method for open flow of ocean shallow gas according to an embodiment of the invention.
List of reference numerals:
100-simulation of an experimental device; 110-a transparent box; 111-water injection port; 112-a water outlet; 120-simulating soil layers; 130-simulating a wellbore; 140-an air injection system; 141-an air storage tank; 142-an air intake line; 143-a flow rate measuring element; 144-a voltage regulating element; 145-a first booster pump; 150-a water injection system; 151-a water storage tank; 152-a water injection line; 153-a second booster pump; 160-filtration/circulation system; 161-water outlet line; 162-filter element.
In the drawings, like parts are provided with like reference numerals. The drawings are not to scale.
Detailed Description
The invention will be further explained with reference to the drawings.
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of an ocean shallow gas blowout simulation experiment device 100 provided by the present invention. As shown in fig. 1, the simulated experimental apparatus 100 includes a transparent box 110, a simulated soil layer 120, a simulated wellbore 130, a gas injection system 140, and an information acquisition system (not shown).
Wherein, the simulated soil layer 120 is laid inside the transparent box body 110 so as to simulate the seabed shallow stratum of the area where the actual shallow gas is located (the simulated soil layer should be similar to the soil quality of the sea area where the shallow gas is located); the transparent water tank 110 is filled with seawater to simulate a seawater environment; the simulated shaft 130 vertically extends upwards into the transparent box body 110 from the bottom of the transparent box body 110 and extends out of the simulated soil layer 120, one end of the simulated shaft located outside the box body is connected with a gas injection system 140, and the gas injection system 140 can inject pressurized simulated gas into the transparent box body 110 filled with seawater through the simulated shaft 130; the information acquisition system is in communication connection with the gas injection system 140, and can acquire a target gas injection pressure, a target shaft diameter, a target total gas injection quantity, corresponding gas column height, gas column range, water surface bubble characteristics and other open flow parameters, wherein the water surface bubble characteristics can include the number and relative size of bubbles; the device can be connected with a computer, and the collected information is input into the computer to research the blowout rule.
This transparent box 110 is the basic part of whole device, side and top surface all are transparent material, vertical scale mark has been arranged along vertical direction on transparent box 110's lateral wall, horizontal scale mark has been arranged along the horizontal direction, accessible box is real-time observation measurement gas column height, gas column diffusion scope and surface of water bubble characteristic (be used for simulating sea bubble billowing condition among the actual conditions, explore its influence to drilling platform stability) etc. wherein, the height of gas column can be read through vertical scale mark, the diffusion scope of gas column can be through reading (or conversion for the circular area in the two-dimensional plane) of horizontal scale. In a preferred embodiment, a plurality of vertical graduation lines are circumferentially distributed at a position of the side wall of the transparent case 110 near the side edge, and a plurality of horizontal graduation lines are circumferentially distributed at a position near the top edge, so that the height, the range, and the like of the air column formed in the seawater can be observed from any position of the transparent case 110.
As shown in FIG. 1, in one embodiment, the gas injection system 140 can include the following components:
a gas tank 141 for storing a liquid-state simulation gas under a high pressure condition, wherein the simulation gas may preferably be methane or air;
an air inlet line 142 having one end connected to the air tank 141 and the other end connected to the simulated wellbore 130;
a pressure regulating member 144 provided on the gas inlet line 142 for controlling the gas injection pressure of the simulation gas; the pressure regulating element 144 is optionally a pressure regulating valve, as shown in fig. 1;
and a flow rate measuring element 143, which is provided on the gas inlet line 142, for measuring the gas injection rate of the model gas by the flow rate measuring element 143, thereby controlling the total gas injection amount. Specifically, the total gas injection amount in the period may be obtained by multiplying the read gas injection speed by time; the flow rate measurement element 143 may alternatively be a flow meter, as shown in fig. 1.
Preferably, the gas injection system 140 can further include a first booster pump 145 disposed on the gas inlet line 142 to further boost the high pressure gas from the gas reservoir 141 to a pressure level that simulates the shallow blowout process.
With the simulated experiment device 100, the gas injection system 140 injects gas into the simulated shaft 130 at a certain target gas injection pressure to simulate the blowout of ocean shallow gas, observes the height and range of a gas column formed in the seawater of the transparent box 110, and the billowing condition of bubbles on the water surface, and the like, and the information acquisition system acquires the blowout parameters and forms the law of the shallow gas blowout.
It should be understood that in the present application, the filling of the tank with seawater may be performed manually or automatically. In an automated fashion, the simulation experiment apparatus 100 may include a water injection system 150 comprising:
a water storage tank 151 for storing seawater from or in relation to the vicinity of the shallow gas formation, both of which should have the same properties of density, etc.;
a water injection line 152 having one end connected to the water storage tank 151 and the other end connected to the water injection port 111 provided on the transparent case 110 (preferably, a valve is provided on the water injection line 152 to control the opening or closing of the injection of the seawater from the water storage tank 151 into the transparent case 110); and
and a second pressurizing pump 153 disposed on the water injection line 152 to pump the seawater contained in the water storage tank 151 into the transparent case 110 through the water injection port 111.
For more efficient simulation, the simulation experiment device 100 further includes a filtration/circulation system 160, which includes;
an outlet line 161, one end of which is connected to the water storage tank 151, and the other end of which is provided with a water outlet 112 on the transparent box 110 (it should be understood that the water outlet 112 should be located above the simulated soil 120 and close to the upper surface of the simulated soil 120, and a valve should be provided on the outlet line 161 to control the opening or closing of the discharge of seawater from the box); and
a filtering element 162 disposed on the water outlet line 161 for filtering the seawater discharged from the transparent casing 110 through the water outlet 112 and re-circulating into the water storage tank 151.
By means of the filtering/circulating system 160, in case that the simulated soil layer 120 or the simulated shaft 130 with different diameters needs to be replaced, the seawater in the tank can be pumped out and filtered through the filtering element 162, and the filtered pure seawater is fed into the water storage tank 151 to be used as the seawater to be pumped into the transparent tank 110 in the next experiment.
In a preferred embodiment, the filter element 162 is a filter.
In a preferred embodiment, the information collecting system of the simulation experiment apparatus 100 may further be communicatively connected to the above water injection system 150 to control the water injection amount of the water injection system 150, that is, to control the same volume of seawater to be injected into the transparent box 110 each time, so as to reach the same liquid level, to ensure that the simulated seawater environment is close to the seawater environment of the shallow stratum where the actual shallow gas is located, and to ensure that the influence of seawater factors in each simulation experiment is minimized.
Example 1
In the early stage of developing the simulation experiment, the relevant parameters of the simulation experiment device 100 should be determined according to the characteristics of the actual shallow gas shallow stratum, so that the simulation experiment device 100 and the corresponding simulation method provided by the application can simulate the environmental characteristics and the open flow process of the actual shallow stratum as truly as possible. In example 1, the length, width, height and dimension of the transparent box 110 are determined to be 8m × 5m × 5m, the gas injection pressure of the gas injection system is 0 to 5MPa, the diameter of the shaft is 5 to 25cm, and the threshold value of the total gas injection amount is 5 to 10m3The density of seawater is 1.03 multiplied by 103kg/m3。
Example 2
In correspondence with the structure of the simulation experiment apparatus 100 described above, as shown in fig. 2, in the method 200 for simulating the shallow gas blowout process provided by the present application, the method 200 includes: s210, vertically penetrating the simulated shaft 130 with the target diameter through the bottom of the transparent box body 110 from the lower part; s220, paving a simulated soil layer in the transparent box body 110, compacting and standing for 24 hours; s230, injecting seawater into the transparent box body 110 to a target height; s240, injecting gas into the simulated shaft 130 at the target gas injection pressure through the gas injection system 140, and observing the height, the diffusion range and the water surface bubble characteristics of a gas column formed in seawater inside the transparent box 110; and S250, when the total gas injection quantity of the gas injection system 140 reaches a preset total gas injection quantity threshold value, gradually reducing the gas injection pressure, and continuously observing the height, the diffusion range and the water surface bubble characteristics of the gas column until no gas overflows from the simulated shaft 130.
Example 3
The method 200 may include the steps of: s210, vertically penetrating the simulated shaft 130 with the target diameter through the bottom of the transparent box body 110 from the lower part; s220, paving a simulated soil layer in the transparent box body 110, compacting and standing for 24 hours; s230, injecting seawater into the transparent box body 110 to a target height; s240, injecting gas into the simulated shaft 130 at the target gas injection pressure through the gas injection system 140, and observing the height, the diffusion range and the water surface bubble characteristics of a gas column formed in seawater inside the transparent box 110; s260, changing the target gas injection pressure of the gas injection system 140, and repeating S240-S250; and S250, when the total gas injection quantity of the gas injection system 140 reaches a preset total gas injection quantity threshold value, gradually reducing the gas injection pressure, and continuously observing the height, the diffusion range and the water surface bubble characteristics of the gas column until no gas overflows from the simulated shaft 130.
In S260, the gas injection pressure may be adjusted by the pressure adjusting element 144, and the gas injection pressure may be in a range of 0 to 5MPa (for example, an adjustment step is 0.5MPa), maintained for several minutes (for example, 5 minutes) under a certain gas injection pressure, and the height of the gas column formed in the seawater in the tank, the range of the gas column, the characteristics of bubbles on the water surface, and the like are observed and recorded (i.e., S240); and then, continuously adjusting the pressure adjusting element 144 to adjust the gas injection pressure, continuously repeating the step S240 to obtain shallow layer gas blowout parameters under a plurality of gas injection pressure values, inputting the gas injection pressure values and the corresponding blowout parameters into an information acquisition system, and researching the influence of the gas injection pressure on the shallow layer gas blowout process.
Example 4
The method 200 may include the steps of: s210, vertically penetrating the simulated shaft 130 with the target diameter through the bottom of the transparent box body 110 from the lower part; s220, paving a simulated soil layer in the transparent box body 110, compacting and standing for 24 hours; s230, injecting seawater into the transparent box body 110 to a target height; s240, injecting gas into the simulated shaft 130 at the target gas injection pressure through the gas injection system 140, and observing the height, the diffusion range and the water surface bubble characteristics of a gas column formed in seawater inside the transparent box 110; s250, when the total gas injection quantity of the gas injection system 140 reaches a preset total gas injection quantity threshold value, gradually reducing the gas injection pressure, and continuously observing the height, the diffusion range and the water surface bubble characteristics of the gas column until no gas overflows from the simulated shaft 130; and S270, changing the total gas injection amount threshold value, and repeating S240-S250.
In S270, the total gas injection amount threshold may be 5 to 10m3Regulating the flow ofStep length of, for example, 1m3. Under the condition of the total gas injection quantity threshold value, repeating S240-S250 under a constant target gas injection pressure, gradually reducing the gas injection pressure as described in S250 when the total gas injection quantity reaches a preset total gas injection quantity threshold value along with the process of the superficial gas blowout process, observing the height, the diffusion range, the water surface bubble characteristics and the like of a gas column, obtaining superficial gas blowout parameters under a plurality of total gas injection quantity threshold values, inputting the total gas injection quantity threshold values and the corresponding blowout parameters into an information acquisition system, and researching the influence of the superficial gas with different contents in the superficial bottom layer on the superficial gas blowout process.
Example 5
The method 200 may include the steps of: s210, vertically penetrating the simulated shaft 130 with the target diameter through the bottom of the transparent box body 110 from the lower part; s220, paving a simulated soil layer in the transparent box body 110, compacting and standing for 24 hours; s230, injecting seawater into the transparent box body 110 to a target height; s240, injecting gas into the simulated shaft 130 at the target gas injection pressure through the gas injection system 140, and observing the height, the diffusion range and the water surface bubble characteristics of a gas column formed in seawater inside the transparent box 110; s260, changing the target gas injection pressure of the gas injection system 140, and repeating S240; s250, when the total gas injection quantity of the gas injection system 140 reaches a preset total gas injection quantity threshold value, gradually reducing the gas injection pressure, and continuously observing the height, the diffusion range and the water surface bubble characteristics of the gas column until no gas overflows from the simulated shaft 130; s270, changing the total gas injection amount threshold value, and repeating S240-S260; and S280, changing the target diameter of the simulated well bore 130, and repeating S210-S270.
In S280, after the blowout simulation of the target shaft 130 with a certain target diameter is finished, the target shaft 130 with a different diameter is replaced, wherein the target shaft 130 is within a range of 5-25 cm, the adjustment stride is 5cm, the replacement of the transparent box 110 and the simulated soil layer 120 is completed through the water injection system 150 and the filtering/circulating system 160, the interference on the next experiment is avoided, S210-S270 are repeated, blowout parameters under different gas injection pressures and different total gas injection quantity thresholds under different shaft diameter conditions are obtained, and are respectively input into the information acquisition system, so as to study the influence of different shaft diameters on the shallow layer gas blowout process.
Example 6
The method 200 may include the steps of: s210, vertically penetrating the simulated shaft 130 with the target diameter through the bottom of the transparent box body 110 from the lower part; s220, paving a simulated soil layer in the transparent box body 110, compacting and standing for 24 hours; s230, injecting seawater into the transparent box body 110 to a target height; s240, injecting gas into the simulated shaft 130 at the target gas injection pressure through the gas injection system 140, and observing the height, the diffusion range and the water surface bubble characteristics of a gas column formed in seawater inside the transparent box 110; s260, changing the target gas injection pressure of the gas injection system 140, and repeating S240; s250, when the total gas injection quantity of the gas injection system 140 reaches a preset total gas injection quantity threshold value, gradually reducing the gas injection pressure, and continuously observing the height, the diffusion range and the water surface bubble characteristics of the gas column until no gas overflows from the simulated shaft 130; s270, changing the total gas injection amount threshold value, and repeating S240-S260; s280, changing the target diameter of the simulated shaft 130, and repeating S210-S270; and S290, changing the soil quality of the simulated soil layer 120, and repeating the steps S210 to S280.
In S290, after obtaining blowout parameters under different gas injection pressures, total gas injection quantity thresholds and shaft diameters under a certain soil property simulated soil layer condition, replacing the simulated soil layer 120 with new soil property, repeating steps S210 to 270, obtaining blowout parameters under different gas injection pressures, total gas injection quantity thresholds and shaft diameters under different soil property simulated soil layer conditions, inputting the parameters into the information acquisition system respectively, and researching the influence of different soil properties on the shallow layer gas blowout simulation process.
The method can simply and efficiently simulate the shallow gas blowout process, can simulate the relationship among different shallow gas pressures, gas amounts, shaft diameters, the height of a blowout gas column, the range of the gas column and the blowout time, and can simulate and test the jetting rule under the condition of certain gas amount, thereby providing an experimental basis for the shallow gas blowout mechanism, ensuring that the design before drilling and the selection and the use of construction measures are more reasonable when the marine drill meets the shallow gas, and further realizing the drilling effect with higher safety.
In the description of the present invention, it is to be understood that the terms "upper", "lower", "bottom", "top", "front", "rear", "inner", "outer", "left", "right", and the like, indicate orientations or positional relationships based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the drawings, are only for convenience in describing the present invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element being referred to must have a particular orientation, be constructed in a particular orientation, and be operated, and thus, should not be construed as limiting the present invention.
Although the invention herein has been described with reference to particular embodiments, it is to be understood that these embodiments are merely illustrative of the principles and applications of the present invention. It is therefore to be understood that numerous modifications may be made to the illustrative embodiments and that other arrangements may be devised without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention as defined by the appended claims. It should be understood that features described in different dependent claims and herein may be combined in ways different from those described in the original claims. It is also to be understood that features described in connection with individual embodiments may be used in other described embodiments.
Claims (14)
1. The utility model provides a shallow layer gas blowout simulation experiment device of ocean which characterized in that includes:
the transparent box body is used for containing seawater to simulate a seawater environment, and scales are arranged on the side wall of the transparent box body along the vertical direction and the horizontal direction;
a simulated soil layer arranged at the bottom of the transparent box body to simulate a shallow stratum;
the simulation shaft vertically penetrates through the bottom of the transparent box body from the lower part and extends out of the simulation soil layer;
the gas injection system is communicated with the simulation shaft so as to inject pressurized simulation gas into the transparent box body filled with seawater through the simulation shaft; and
an information acquisition system.
2. The marine superficial gas blowout simulation experiment device according to claim 1, wherein the gas injection system comprises:
a gas storage tank;
one end of the air inlet pipeline is connected with the air storage tank, and the other end of the air inlet pipeline is connected with the simulation shaft;
a flow velocity measuring element disposed on the gas inlet line for measuring a gas injection velocity of the model gas; and
and the pressure regulating element is arranged on the gas inlet pipeline and is used for controlling the gas injection pressure of the simulation gas.
3. The marine superficial gas blowout simulation experiment device according to claim 1 or 2, further comprising a water injection system, wherein the water injection system comprises:
a water storage tank;
one end of the water injection pipeline is connected with the water storage tank, and the other end of the water injection pipeline is connected with a water injection port arranged on the transparent box body; and
and the booster pump is arranged on the water injection pipeline so as to pump the seawater contained in the water storage tank into the transparent box body through the water injection port.
4. The marine superficial gas blowout simulation experiment device according to claim 3, further comprising a filtration/circulation system, wherein the filtration/circulation system comprises:
one end of the water outlet pipeline is connected with the water storage tank, and the other end of the water outlet pipeline is arranged at a water outlet of the transparent box body; and
and the filter element is arranged on the water outlet pipeline so as to filter the seawater discharged out of the transparent box body through the water outlet and is introduced into the water storage tank in a recycling mode.
5. The marine superficial gas blowout simulation experiment device according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the simulation gas is methane or air.
6. The ocean shallow gas blowout simulation experiment device according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the length, width and height of the transparent box body are 8m x 5 m.
7. The marine superficial gas blowout simulation experiment device according to claim 3, wherein the information acquisition system is configured to acquire a target gas injection pressure, a target wellbore diameter and a target total gas injection amount, and corresponding gas column height, gas column range and water surface bubble characteristics.
8. A method for simulating a marine shallow gas blowout process by using the marine shallow gas blowout simulation experiment device as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 7, comprising the following steps:
step 1, vertically penetrating the simulated shaft with the target diameter through the bottom of the transparent box body from the lower part;
step 2, paving the simulated soil layer in the transparent box body, compacting and standing for 24 hours;
step 3, injecting seawater into the transparent box body to a target height;
step 4, injecting gas into the simulated shaft at a target gas injection pressure through the gas injection system, and observing the height, diffusion range and water surface bubble characteristics of a gas column formed in seawater inside the transparent box body; and
and 5, when the total gas injection quantity of the gas injection system reaches a preset total gas injection quantity threshold value, gradually reducing the gas injection pressure, and continuously observing the height, the diffusion range and the water surface bubble characteristics of the gas column until no gas overflows from the simulated shaft.
9. The method of claim 8, further comprising, between step 4 and step 5:
and 6, changing the target gas injection pressure of the gas injection system, and repeating the steps 4-5.
10. The method of claim 9, further comprising:
and 7, changing the total gas injection amount threshold value, and repeating the steps 4-5.
11. The method of claim 10, further comprising:
and 8, changing the target diameter of the simulated shaft, and repeating the steps 1-7.
12. The method of claim 11, further comprising:
and 9, changing the soil texture of the simulated soil layer, and repeating the steps 1-8.
13. The method according to claim 8 or 9, wherein the target gas injection pressure is 0 to 5 MPa.
14. The method of any of claims 8-11, wherein the target diameter of the simulated wellbore is 5-25 cm.
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