CN113817644A - 海产加工废物厌氧消化耦合微藻养殖联产气-油-饲的方法 - Google Patents
海产加工废物厌氧消化耦合微藻养殖联产气-油-饲的方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
一种海产加工废物厌氧消化耦合微藻养殖联产气‑油‑饲的方法，包括以下步骤：(1)将海产加工废物制浆；(2)进行厌氧发酵反应，生成沼气、沼液和沼渣；(3)沼渣干化处理；(4)沼气脱硫、干燥，一部分用于燃烧发电，另一部分分离出CO2和生物甲烷；(5)沼液加水稀释，加入强氯精杀菌处理，然后曝气处理，加入碳酸钠溶液调节pH值为6.8～8；(6)送入富油微藻养殖系统，生成富油微藻；(7)富油微藻榨出生物油，剩余的藻渣返回厌氧发酵反应器。本发明的方法能够综合海产废物处理、沼气净化、微藻养殖，微藻制高品质生物油通过控制工艺条件实现高效运营，能量自给。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于固废处理与资源化利用技术领域，具体涉及一种海产加工废物厌氧消化耦合微藻养殖联产气-油-饲的方法。
背景技术
海产加工下脚料富含氨基酸、蛋白质、多糖以及微量元素是厌氧消化的绝佳基质，厌氧消化不仅能够带来经济效益，还能有效解决海产加工下脚料的处理问题，真正做到无害化、资源化。
沼液的成分复杂，沼液中的氮一般以氨氮、硝酸盐氮、亚硝酸盐氮和少量的有机氮组成，磷的存在形式主要是磷酸盐，生物活性物质一般为维生素、抗生素、水解酶、植物生长激素、多种氨基酸、硫化物、腐殖酸等。沼液中会滋生大量的微生物和杂虫杂藻。
微藻实现沼液的净化主要是对TN(主要是NH4+-N)、TP、COD、抗生素的去除。微藻可以通过光异养和化能异养将沼液中的有机污染物化作碳源和能量生长，微藻因自身的生长需要会吸收各类无机氮转化为自身需要的遗传和代谢物质，微藻可以利用污水中的磷盐，转换成自身必不可少的核酸、蛋白质、以及碳水化合物和脂类等，或者改变沼液pH使溶解氧升高导致磷酸盐沉淀。
沼渣由于富含畜禽鱼生长所需的氨基酸、维生素等，常被加工处理，制作成饲料。养殖模式可以大大降低养殖成本，节能减排，减少鱼类病害，提高鱼的品质。
生物油是一种可再生和环保的燃料，已被广泛研究，以帮助解决日益严重的环境问题。由于其高生物量生产率，快速脂质积累和在盐水中存活的能力，微藻已被确定为用于工业规模生产生物油的原料，并且其将会是未来最合适的化石燃料替代品。
发明内容
本发明的目的是提供一种海产加工废物厌氧消化耦合微藻养殖联产气-油-饲的方法，通过厌氧消化、沼渣造粒、沼气净化、沼气燃烧发电、分离制生物甲烷、沼液养殖富油微藻、富油微藻提取生物油、藻渣厌氧消化回用，形成海产加工废物的综合处理。
本发明的方法包括以下步骤：
(1)将海产加工废物进行制浆预处理，制成预处理垃圾；
(2)将预处理垃圾通入厌氧发酵反应器中，进行厌氧发酵反应，生成沼气、沼液和沼渣；
(3)将沼渣干化处理，然后经造粒制成海产饲料；
(4)将沼气通入脱硫塔进行净化脱硫，再进行干燥，形成净化沼气；净化沼气一部分用于燃烧发电，另一部分通入分离系统，分离出CO2和生物甲烷；CO2作为气肥入富油微藻养殖系统；燃烧发电产生的CO2作为气肥入富油微藻养殖系统；燃烧发电对光源提供电能，通过光源对富油微藻养殖系统进行照射；
(5)将沼液加水稀释，形成稀释沼液；向稀释沼液中加入强氯精进行杀菌处理，然后采用曝气系统用空气进行曝气处理，再加入碳酸钠溶液调节pH值为7.0～7.5，制成预处理沼液；
(6)将预处理沼液送入富油微藻养殖系统，在气肥和光源下进行富油微藻养殖，生成富油微藻；
(7)将富油微藻榨出生物油，剩余的藻渣返回厌氧发酵反应器，与预处理污水一同进行厌氧发酵反应。
上述的步骤(1)中，制浆预处理是指采用制浆机制成固体部分的质量含量20～30％的预处理垃圾。
上述的步骤(2)中，厌氧发酵反应的温度为30～40℃，时间至少8h。
上述的步骤(2)中，沼渣中有机物含量比预处理垃圾的有机物含量低45％以上。
上述的步骤(3)中，干化处理的温度为60±3℃，干化处理后的物料中水的质量含量低于12.5％。
上述的步骤(3)中，造粒是制成粒径3～4mm的海产饲料。
上述的步骤(4)中，净化脱硫是将沼气中的H2S去除，干燥是将沼气中的水蒸气去除。
上述的步骤(4)中，生物甲烷中CO2的体积浓度≤2％，其余为CH4。
上述的步骤(4)中，燃烧发电的余热于厌氧发酵反应的加热保温。
上述的步骤(4)中，通入分离系统的净化沼气占全部净化沼气的50～65％。
上述的步骤(5)中，杀菌处理的时间至少12h。
上述的步骤(5)中，曝气处理的时间至少12h。
上述的步骤(5)中，碳酸钠溶液的浓度为1～2M。
上述的步骤(5)中，水的加入量为沼液质量的4～10倍。
上述的步骤(5)中，强氯精的用量按强氯精在稀释沼液中的浓度为12～18mg/L。
上述的步骤(6)中，富油微藻养殖时间至少24h。
上述的步骤(7)中，将藻渣用溶剂萃取法回收表面残留的油脂，其中溶剂为氯仿，方法用氯仿洗涤藻渣表面，使油脂随氯仿从藻渣表面分离。
上述的步骤(3)中，海产饲料用于海产养殖，获得的海产品经过加工后，形成海产加工废物。
本发明将厌氧发酵产生的沼渣通入腐熟单元进行生物降解，将有机质转化为易被植物吸收的肥料，腐熟过程中产热还可以杀死农家肥中的蛔虫卵等有害物；利用沼气脱硫后分离出高品质生物甲烷；利用杀菌后的沼液进行富油微藻养殖，并利用部分沼气提供光源和气肥，生成生物油。
本发明的厌氧发酵反应过程兼具有机物厌氧发酵、沼气原位提纯、合成气厌氧生物甲烷化的功能，厌氧-热解耦合技术整体上有效提高了沼气产率和浓度，获得高附加值沼气产品、生物油以及生物炭，实现系统的零废物排放；本发明的方法能够综合海产废物处理、沼气净化、微藻养殖，微藻制高品质生物油通过控制工艺条件实现高效运营，能量自给。
附图说明
图1为本发明的实施例1的海产加工废物厌氧消化耦合微藻养殖联产气-油-饲的方法流程示意图。
具体实施方式
本发明实施例中的厌氧发酵反应器型号为UASB。
本发明实施例中进行厌氧发酵反应时，有机负荷为有机负荷3～5gVS/L·d。
本发明实施例中沼渣中水的质量含量30～40％。
本发明实施例中的脱硫塔为喷淋式脱硫塔。
本发明实施例中的分离系统进行分离是通过PDMS/PEI复合膜分离CO2和甲烷。
本发明实施例中燃烧发电采用的系统崩溃沼气内燃机、交流发电机和余热回收装置。
本发明实施例中的富油微藻养殖系统采用开放式单层跑道式光生物反应器，其中搅拌为机械搅拌。
本发明实施例中生物甲烷中CO2的体积浓度≤2％，其余为CH4。
本发明实施例中生物油的长链脂肪酸的烷酯基热值为40～50MJ/kg。
本发明实施例中进行曝气时，通入的空气压力为0.1～0.5MPa，空气流量按每分钟通入的空气与稀释沼液的体积比为0.3～0.6。
本发明实施例中的沼气产率为75～85％。
本发明实施例中干化处理采用北京君立佳和声学科技有限公司的一体化污泥深度脱水，污泥高温干化装置，造粒采用饲料制粒机。
本发明实施例中采用PDMS/PEI复合膜将CO2与甲烷分离。
本发明实施例中榨出生物油采用螺旋压榨机。
实施例1
流程如图1所示；
将海产加工废物采用制浆机制成固体部分的质量含量25％的预处理垃圾；
将预处理垃圾通入厌氧发酵反应器中，进行厌氧发酵反应，温度为35℃，时间10h；生成沼气、沼液和沼渣；沼渣中有机物含量比预处理垃圾的有机物含量低45％以上；
将沼渣干化处理，然后经造粒制成海产饲料，粒径3～4mm；干化处理的温度为60±3℃，干化处理后的物料中水的质量含量12％；
将沼气通入脱硫塔进行净化脱硫，再进行干燥，形成净化沼气；，净化脱硫是将沼气中的H2S去除，干燥是将沼气中的水蒸气去除；净化沼气一部分用于燃烧发电，另一部分通入分离系统，分离出CO2和生物甲烷；CO2作为气肥入富油微藻养殖系统；燃烧发电产生的CO2作为气肥入富油微藻养殖系统；燃烧发电对光源提供电能，通过光源对富油微藻养殖系统进行照射；生物甲烷中CO2的体积浓度2％，其余为CH4；燃烧发电的余热于厌氧发酵反应的加热保温；通入分离系统的净化沼气占全部净化沼气的60％；
将沼液加水稀释，水的加入量为沼液质量的8倍，形成稀释沼液；向稀释沼液中加入强氯精进行杀菌处理，时间16h；强氯精的用量按强氯精在稀释沼液中的浓度为15mg/L；然后采用曝气系统用空气进行曝气处理，时间16h；再加入碳酸钠溶液调节pH值为7.2，制成预处理沼液；碳酸钠溶液的浓度为1.5M；
将预处理沼液送入富油微藻养殖系统，在气肥和光源下进行富油微藻养殖，生成富油微藻；富油微藻养殖时间24h；
将富油微藻榨出生物油，剩余的藻渣返回厌氧发酵反应器，与预处理污水一同进行厌氧发酵反应；
海产饲料用于海产养殖，获得的海产品经过加工后，形成海产加工废物。
实施例2
方法同实施例1，不同点在于：
(1)预处理垃圾的固体部分的质量含量20％；
(2)进行厌氧发酵反应的温度为30℃，时间12h；
(3)干化处理后的物料中水的质量含量低于11％；
(4)生物甲烷中CO2的体积浓度1.5％；通入分离系统的净化沼气占全部净化沼气的50％；
(5)水的加入量为沼液质量的10倍；杀菌处理时间至少20h；强氯精的用量按强氯精在稀释沼液中的浓度为12mg/L；曝气处理时间20h；调节pH值为7.0；碳酸钠溶液的浓度为1M；
(6)富油微藻养殖时间28h。
实施例3
方法同实施例1，不同点在于：
(1)预处理垃圾的固体部分的质量含量30％；
(2)进行厌氧发酵反应的温度为40℃，时间8h；
(3)干化处理后的物料中水的质量含量低于10％；
(4)生物甲烷中CO2的体积浓度1％；通入分离系统的净化沼气占全部净化沼气的65％；
(5)水的加入量为沼液质量的4倍；杀菌处理时间12h；强氯精的用量按强氯精在稀释沼液中的浓度为18mg/L；曝气处理时间12h；调节pH值为7.5；碳酸钠溶液的浓度为2M；
(6)富油微藻养殖时间32h。
Claims (10)
1.一种海产加工废物厌氧消化耦合微藻养殖联产气-油-饲的方法，其特征在于包括以下步骤：
(1)将海产加工废物进行制浆预处理，制成预处理垃圾；
(2)将预处理垃圾通入厌氧发酵反应器中，进行厌氧发酵反应，生成沼气、沼液和沼渣；
(3)将沼渣干化处理，然后经造粒制成海产饲料；
(4)将沼气通入脱硫塔进行净化脱硫，再进行干燥，形成净化沼气；净化沼气一部分用于燃烧发电，另一部分通入分离系统，分离出CO2和生物甲烷；CO2作为气肥入富油微藻养殖系统；燃烧发电产生的CO2作为气肥入富油微藻养殖系统；燃烧发电对光源提供电能，通过光源对富油微藻养殖系统进行照射；
(5)将沼液加水稀释，形成稀释沼液；向稀释沼液中加入强氯精进行杀菌处理，然后采用曝气系统用空气进行曝气处理，再加入碳酸钠溶液调节pH值为7.0～7.5，制成预处理沼液；
(6)将预处理沼液送入富油微藻养殖系统，在气肥和光源下进行富油微藻养殖，生成富油微藻；
(7)将富油微藻榨出生物油，剩余的藻渣返回厌氧发酵反应器，与预处理污水一同进行厌氧发酵反应。
2.根据权利要求1所述的海产加工废物厌氧消化耦合微藻养殖联产气-油-饲的方法，其特征在于步骤(1)中，制浆预处理是指采用制浆机制成固体部分的质量含量20～30％的预处理垃圾。
3.根据权利要求1所述的海产加工废物厌氧消化耦合微藻养殖联产气-油-饲的方法，其特征在于步骤(2)中，厌氧发酵反应的温度为30～40℃，时间至少8h。
4.根据权利要求1所述的海产加工废物厌氧消化耦合微藻养殖联产气-油-饲的方法，其特征在于步骤(3)中，干化处理的温度为60±3℃，干化处理后的物料中水的质量含量低于12.5％。
5.根据权利要求1所述的海产加工废物厌氧消化耦合微藻养殖联产气-油-饲的方法，其特征在于步骤(3)中，造粒是制成粒径3～4mm的海产饲料。
6.根据权利要求1所述的海产加工废物厌氧消化耦合微藻养殖联产气-油-饲的方法，其特征在于步骤(4)中，生物甲烷中CO2的体积浓度≤2％，其余为CH4。
7.根据权利要求1所述的海产加工废物厌氧消化耦合微藻养殖联产气-油-饲的方法，其特征在于步骤(4)中，通入分离系统的净化沼气占全部净化沼气的50～65％。
8.根据权利要求1所述的海产加工废物厌氧消化耦合微藻养殖联产气-油-饲的方法，其特征在于步骤(5)中，杀菌处理的时间至少12h。
9.根据权利要求1所述的海产加工废物厌氧消化耦合微藻养殖联产气-油-饲的方法，其特征在于步骤(5)中，曝气处理的时间至少12h。
10.根据权利要求1所述的海产加工废物厌氧消化耦合微藻养殖联产气-油-饲的方法，其特征在于步骤(5)中，水的加入量为沼液质量的4～10倍。
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| 刘彬等: "利用沼液培养能源微藻的工艺", 《湖北农业科学》 * |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| NO20220305A1 (en) * | 2022-03-10 | 2023-09-11 | Raaheims Energy Consulting | Method and device for biogas production as source for energy and algae key nutrinets; C, N and P |
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