CN113817475A - Alkaline soil conditioner and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Alkaline soil conditioner and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K17/00—Soil-conditioning materials or soil-stabilising materials
- C09K17/40—Soil-conditioning materials or soil-stabilising materials containing mixtures of inorganic and organic compounds
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- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05D—INORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C; FERTILISERS PRODUCING CARBON DIOXIDE
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- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
- C05G3/80—Soil conditioners
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Abstract
The application relates to the field of soil conditioners, and particularly discloses an alkaline soil conditioner and a preparation method thereof. The alkaline soil conditioner comprises the following raw materials, by weight, 40-70 parts of kitchen fermentation product, 10-30 parts of dihydrate gypsum, 1-5 parts of calcium lignosulfonate, 0.1-0.8 part of polyacrylamide, 0.05-0.2 part of polyoxyethylene type nonionic surfactant, 0.2-0.5 part of metal cation sulfate, 0.1-1.0 part of microbial inoculum and 8-27 parts of modified vermiculite powder; the modified vermiculite powder is prepared by microwave drying and grinding vermiculite soaked in a salt solution, wherein the salt solution contains magnesium ions with the concentration of 0.04-0.06mol/L and potassium ions with the concentration of 0.02-0.03 mol/L. The alkaline soil conditioner has the advantages of reducing the pH of alkaline soil, improving soil organic matters and revitalizing soil microorganisms.
Description
Technical Field
The application relates to the field of soil conditioners, in particular to an alkaline soil conditioner and a preparation method thereof.
Background
The alkaline soil refers to soil with the soil pH value (pH value) of more than 7, and generally comprises three types of calcareous soil, saline soil and alkaline earth. In the process of agricultural production, because unreasonable chemical fertilizer of using, do not regard for organic matter to drop into, aggravate farmland soil salinization easily for the pH of soil risees, and salinity content increases, and organic matter content reduces, and the structure of soil suffers destruction.
At present, chemical modifiers or some mineral fertilizers are applied to improve the physical and chemical properties of soil, improve the granular structure of the soil and reduce or eliminate the harm of salt and alkali. The alkaline earth modifiers commonly used at present are divided into three categories: one is calcium-containing substances, such as phosphogypsum, coal ash and gypsum after power plant desulfurization and the like, and has the defect that the materials can contain excessive heavy metals or other harmful substances; the other is an acidic substance, such as sulfur powder, sulfuric acid, potassium sulfate and the like, which only chemically reduces the pH value of the soil, cannot fully improve the soil structure, and can further deteriorate the soil structure due to improper input mode; still another category is functional compounds, such as soil penetrants, humic acids, etc., which require a certain amount to function, but the high price limits the amount of the compound. In addition, animal manure such as cow manure, pig manure, chicken manure and the like is applied, but the animal manure needs to be thoroughly decomposed, so that the risk of overproof antibiotics and heavy metals exists, and the amount of the animal manure directly applied to a field is likely to cause damage to crops and secondary pollution to soil.
The alkaline soil conditioners only improve one to two obstacle factors of the alkaline soil, and the alkaline soil can be really improved only by applying a plurality of conditioners in cooperation in the actual agricultural production.
Disclosure of Invention
The application aims to fully utilize the fermented product of the kitchen waste, realize the resource treatment of the organic waste, improve the alkaline soil in a large scale, provide an alkaline soil conditioner which is compounded and compatible with organic, inorganic and microorganisms and has the functions of reducing the pH value of the alkaline soil, improving the organic matter of the soil and revitalizing the soil microorganisms, and a preparation method thereof.
In a first aspect, the present application provides an alkaline soil conditioner, which adopts the following technical scheme:
an alkaline soil conditioner comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 40-70 parts of kitchen fermentation product, 10-30 parts of dihydrate gypsum, 1-5 parts of calcium lignosulfonate, 0.1-0.8 part of polyacrylamide, 0.05-0.2 part of polyoxyethylene type nonionic surfactant, 0.2-0.5 part of metal cation sulfate, 0.1-1.0 part of microbial inoculum and 8-27 parts of modified vermiculite powder,
the kitchen fermentation product contains 38-42wt% of total humic acid, 35-40wt% of free humic acid and 14-16wt% of water-soluble humic acid;
the modified vermiculite powder is prepared by microwave drying and grinding of vermiculite soaked in a salt solution;
the salt solution contains magnesium ions with the concentration of 0.04-0.06mol/L and potassium ions with the concentration of 0.02-0.03 mol/L.
By adopting the technical scheme, as the kitchen fermentation material and the microbial inoculum are adopted, and the kitchen fermentation material contains total humic acid, free humic acid and water-soluble humic acid, the formation of alkaline soil aggregates can be promoted, the microbial community can be improved, and the stress resistance of crops in alkaline soil can be improved; cations in the dihydrate gypsum can mutually cooperate with anions in the polyacrylamide, and act on alkaline soil to form a cation bridge, so that the formation of soil aggregates can be promoted more quickly; cations in the metal cation sulfate and salt ions in the alkaline soil perform cation substitution to reduce the salt content in the alkaline soil; the calcium lignosulfonate and the polyoxyethylene type nonionic surfactant have a mutual synergistic effect, can reduce the surface tension of soil, reduce the water repellency of the soil, accelerate the discharge of salt ions replaced by metal cations, reduce the salt content of alkaline soil and further reduce the pH value of the alkaline soil; the vermiculite can be expanded under the action of divalent magnesium ions and potassium ions, the expanded vermiculite can contain more oxygen for survival of the microbial inoculum, the survival time of the microbial inoculum in alkaline soil is prolonged, and the alkaline soil aggregate is not easy to damage. Therefore, the effects of reducing the pH value of the alkaline soil, increasing aggregates of the alkaline soil, improving organic matters of the alkaline soil and activating alkaline soil microorganisms are obtained.
Optionally, the polyacrylamide has an average molecular weight of 1800 to 2000 ten thousand.
By adopting the technical scheme, the polyacrylamide has the characteristics of large molecular weight, long molecular chain length and the like, forms a linear net structure after entering the soil, has the negative charges same as the surface of the soil, and can be combined with the soil through the action of a cation bridge, so that the formation of soil aggregates is promoted, and barrier factors such as easy hardening of alkaline soil, poor soil aggregates and the like are solved.
Optionally, the polyacrylamide is selected from at least one of cationic polyacrylamide, anionic polyacrylamide and nonionic polyacrylamide.
Through adopting above-mentioned technical scheme, the hydrophilic ion in the polyacrylamide structure is more than outside the three-dimensional space structure net for certain ion concentration difference appears inside and outside the three-dimensional space structure net, and the existence of concentration difference can cause the inside and outside osmotic pressure difference of network structure, thereby can reduce the evaporation of soil moisture, restrain soil moisture evaporation capacity, restrain the salt simultaneously and gather on the soil top layer.
Optionally, the polyoxyethylene type nonionic surfactant is at least one selected from alkylphenol ethoxylates, fatty alcohol-polyoxyethylene ethers, and octadecylamine ethoxylates.
By adopting the technical scheme, the polyoxyethylene type nonionic surfactant is adopted, so that the surface tension of the soil can be reduced, the permeation and diffusion of water in the alkaline soil can be accelerated, the mobility of the water in the alkaline soil is improved, the salt content of the alkaline soil is conveniently leached, and the salt content of the alkaline soil is reduced; on the other hand, the polyoxyethylene type nonionic surfactant is beneficial to promoting nutrients to be rapidly and uniformly distributed in soil, accelerating the movement of the nutrients to plant rhizosphere, promoting the absorption of plant root systems, improving the nutrient utilization rate and facilitating the growth of plants on alkaline soil.
Optionally, the metal cation sulfate is selected from at least two of copper sulfate, ferrous sulfate, magnesium sulfate and zinc sulfate. Preferably, the metal cation sulfate is a mixture of copper sulfate, ferrous sulfate, magnesium sulfate and zinc sulfate. Further preferably, the metal cation sulfate is copper sulfate, ferrous sulfate, magnesium sulfate and zinc sulfate in a weight ratio of 2:3:1: 3.
By adopting the technical scheme, the cation replacement capacity of the metal cation sulfate is greater than that of the cations in the alkaline soil, so that the salt-based ions in the alkaline soil are replaced, the salt-based ions on the surface of the alkaline soil are replaced into the soil solution, and the salt-based ions are leached into the soil layer along with the irrigation water, so that the total salt content of the saline-alkali soil is reduced, the pH value of the soil solution is reduced, and the alkaline property of the soil is improved fundamentally.
Optionally, the microbial inoculum is selected from at least two of bacillus, actinomycetes, lactic acid bacteria and photosynthetic bacteria. Preferably, the microbial inoculum is a mixture of bacillus, actinomycetes, lactic acid bacteria and photosynthetic bacteria. Further preferably, the microbial inoculum is bacillus, actinomycetes, lactobacillus and photosynthetic bacteria in a weight ratio of 3:2:1: 2; wherein the effective viable count of the bacillus is more than or equal to 1000 hundred million/g, the effective viable count of the actinomycetes is more than or equal to 500 hundred million/g, the effective viable count of the lactic acid bacteria is more than or equal to 1000 hundred million/g, and the effective viable count of the photosynthetic bacteria is more than or equal to 1000 hundred million/g.
By adopting the technical scheme, the compound microbial inoculum is formed by the bacillus, the actinomycetes, the lactic acid bacteria and the photosynthetic bacteria, the four microbial inocula can cooperate with each other, the number of beneficial floras in the alkaline soil is increased, the microbial ecological environment of root systems of crops is improved, and meanwhile, the increase of the number of the beneficial floras can improve the microbial communities and improve the stress resistance of the crops in the alkaline soil.
Optionally, the pH value of the alkaline soil conditioner is 4.0-6.5. Optionally, the pH value of the alkaline soil conditioner is adjusted to 4.0-6.5 by using a pH regulator.
By adopting the technical scheme, the alkaline soil conditioner is controlled within the range of 4.0-6.5, the alkaline soil conditioner can be ensured to be acidic, the pH of the alkaline soil is neutralized conveniently, and the pH value of the soil is reduced, so that the alkaline property of the soil is improved; meanwhile, the pH value is controlled within the range of 4.0-6.5, so that the alkaline soil conditioner can not change the pH value of the alkaline soil violently in a short time, the soil is prevented from being damaged, and the pH value of the alkaline soil is controlled within a proper range conveniently. In addition, the pH value of the alkaline soil conditioner has strong buffering property, and the phenomenon of alkali return after other alkaline soil conditioners are applied for a period of time can be effectively avoided.
Optionally, the particle size of the alkaline soil conditioner is 0.2-2.5 mm.
By adopting the technical scheme, the particle size of the alkaline soil conditioner is far smaller than that of alkaline soil surface soil, so that the alkaline soil conditioner can better permeate into the alkaline soil surface, people can better act on the alkaline soil by the alkaline soil conditioner, the alkaline soil conditioner is convenient to obtain aggregates which can reduce the pH value of the alkaline soil and increase the alkaline soil, the organic matter of the alkaline soil is improved, and the alkaline soil microorganism is activated.
In a second aspect, the application provides a preparation method of an alkaline soil conditioner, which adopts the following technical scheme:
a preparation method of an alkaline soil conditioner adopts the following steps:
s1: uniformly mixing dihydrate gypsum, calcium lignosulfonate, polyacrylamide, polyoxyethylene type nonionic surfactant, metal cation sulfate and modified vermiculite powder;
s2: adding the kitchen fermentation product into the mixture obtained in the step S1 and uniformly mixing;
s3: and (5) adding the microbial inoculum into the mixture obtained in the step S3, and uniformly mixing to obtain the alkaline soil conditioner.
By adopting the technical scheme, the preparation method of the alkaline soil conditioner can be obtained only by simply mixing the raw materials, the pH of the alkaline soil is reduced, aggregates of the alkaline soil are increased, organic matters of the alkaline soil are improved, alkaline soil microorganisms are activated, and the alkaline soil conditioner is convenient to prepare, simple and easy to obtain and suitable for large-batch production.
In summary, the present application has the following beneficial effects:
firstly, due to the activating effect of the kitchen waste ferment and the microbial inoculum on the alkaline soil, the synergistic effect of cations in the dihydrate gypsum and anions in the polyacrylamide and the replacement effect of cations in the metal cation sulfate and cations in the alkaline soil, the effects of reducing the pH of the alkaline soil, increasing the aggregates of the alkaline soil, improving the organic matters of the alkaline soil and activating the microorganisms in the alkaline soil are obtained.
Secondly, according to the preparation method provided by the application, the alkaline soil conditioner which has the advantages of reducing the pH of the alkaline soil, increasing aggregates of the alkaline soil, improving organic matters of the alkaline soil, activating alkaline soil microorganisms and the like is obtained by simply mixing the raw materials in the preparation of the alkaline soil conditioner, so that the purpose of improving the alkaline soil in a large scale is achieved.
Detailed Description
The present application will be described in further detail below with reference to preparation examples, examples and comparative examples.
The starting materials used in the present application are all commercially available.
Wherein the calcium lignosulfonate is available from Shandong Hongquan chemical technology Co., Ltd;
anionic polyacrylamides were purchased from chemical technologies, Inc. of Happy, Shanghai;
octadecyl amine polyoxyethylene ether was purchased from pioneer chemical ltd, guangzhou;
BGB high-temperature compound bacteria, bacillus, actinomycetes, lactic acid bacteria and photosynthetic bacteria are all purchased from Beijing Jia Bo Wen biotechnology limited; wherein, the effective viable count of the BGB high-temperature compound bacteria is 2.0 multiplied by 108The number of the effective viable bacteria of the bacillus is more than or equal to 1000 hundred million/g, the number of the effective viable bacteria of the actinomycetes is more than or equal to 500 hundred million/g, the number of the effective viable bacteria of the lactic acid bacteria is more than or equal to 1000 hundred million/g, and the number of the effective viable bacteria of the photosynthetic bacteria is more than or equal to 1000 hundred million/g.
Preparation and detection of kitchen fermentation product
Preparation example 1 of kitchen fermented product:
s1 screening and mixing of raw materials: adding 120Kg of kitchen waste and 80Kg of peanut shells into a biochemical treatment machine for screening pretreatment to obtain a premix, then adding 0.3g of BGB high-temperature compound bacteria per kilogram of the premix, adding the BGB high-temperature compound bacteria into the premix, and uniformly mixing;
s2 fermentation: and (4) heating the mixed material obtained in the step (S1) to 80 ℃ by using a biochemical treatment machine, fermenting for 8 hours at a constant temperature, and then sequentially performing drying treatment and crushing treatment to obtain the kitchen fermented material with the water content of 5 wt% and the particle size of 0.2-2.5 mm.
Preparation example 2 of kitchen fermented product
S1 screening and mixing of raw materials: adding 120Kg of kitchen waste, 40Kg of peanut shell and 40Kg of wheat straw into a biochemical treatment machine for screening pretreatment to obtain a premix, then adding 0.3g of BGB high-temperature compound bacteria per kilogram of the premix, adding the BGB high-temperature compound bacteria into the premix and uniformly mixing;
s2 fermentation: and (4) heating the mixed material obtained in the step (S1) to 80 ℃ by using a biochemical processor, fermenting for 8 hours at a constant temperature, and then sequentially carrying out drying treatment and crushing treatment to obtain the kitchen fermented material with the water content of 5 wt% and the particle size of 0.2-2.5 mm.
Preparation example 3 of kitchen fermented product:
s1 screening and mixing of raw materials: adding 120Kg of kitchen waste, 40Kg of peanut shell and 40Kg of rice hull into a biochemical treatment machine for screening pretreatment to obtain a premix, then adding 0.3g of BGB high-temperature compound bacteria per kilogram of the premix, adding the BGB high-temperature compound bacteria into the premix and uniformly mixing;
s2: and (4) fermenting, namely heating the mixed material obtained in the step S1 to 80 ℃ by using a biochemical processor, fermenting for 8 hours at a constant temperature, and then sequentially drying and crushing to obtain the kitchen fermented material with the water content of 5 wt% and the particle size of 0.2-2.5 mm.
Preparation of kitchen fermentation comparative example 1:
120Kg of kitchen waste is subjected to oil removal and desalination, 40Kg of peanut shells and 40Kg of rice hulls are added, the mixture is uniformly mixed and subjected to groove type aerobic composting for 25 days, and then the kitchen waste is subjected to drying treatment and crushing treatment in sequence to obtain kitchen fermentation products with the water content of 5 wt% and the particle size of 0.2-2.5 mm.
The kitchen fermentation products obtained in the preparation examples 1-3 and the preparation comparative example 1 are subjected to performance detection, and the detection results are shown in table 1.
Table 1 results of measuring properties of fermented food obtained in preparation examples 1 to 3 and preparation comparative example 1
| Detecting items | Preparation example 1 | Preparation example 2 | Preparation example 3 | Preparation of comparative example 1 | Detection standard |
| Organic matter OM, wt% | 76.43 | 75.69 | 76.21 | 45.31 | NY525-2021 |
| Total humic acid Hat, wt% | 41.29 | 39.63 | 40.68 | 19.77 | NY/T 1971-2010 |
| Haf wt% of free humic acid | 37.79 | 36.25 | 38.56 | 13.89 | GB/T35106-2017 |
| Water soluble humic acid Has, wt% | 15.65 | 15.02 | 16.20 | 5.64 | NY/T1115 |
| pH value | 3.55 | 3.65 | 3.54 | 5.43 |
Preparation and detection of modified vermiculite powder
The preparation method of the modified vermiculite powder comprises the following steps:
selecting 12 natural vermiculite with the grain diameter of 10mm and the thickness of 1mm (D0), and soaking the vermiculite in a salt water solution for 10 hours at the temperature of 24 ℃; drying the soaked vermiculite by adopting microwaves, wherein the microwave power is 1150w, and the microwave time is 4 min; grinding the vermiculite after microwave drying to obtain modified vermiculite powder with the particle size of 0.2-2.5 mm.
TABLE 2 sources and concentrations of salts in aqueous salt solutions during the preparation of modified vermiculite powders 1-3 and comparative examples 1-3
The detection method of the expansion multiple of the vermiculite comprises the following steps:
in the production processes of the above-described production examples 1 to 3 of modified vermiculite powder and production comparative examples 1 to 3, the thickness of vermiculite after microwave drying and before grinding was measured, and the average thickness of dodecahedral vermiculite in each production example of modified vermiculite powder was found to be D1, and the vermiculite expansion factor VER was calculated.
The calculation formula of the vermiculite expansion times is as follows: .
TABLE 3 examination details of production examples 1 to 3 of modified vermiculite powder and production comparative examples 1 to 3
| Test items | Expansion factor |
| Preparation example 1 of modified vermiculite powder | 8.6 |
| Preparation example 2 of modified vermiculite powder | 8.3 |
| Preparation example 3 of modified vermiculite powder | 7.6 |
| Preparation of modified vermiculite powder comparative example 1 | 4.3 |
| Comparative example 2 preparation of modified vermiculite powder | 4.1 |
| Comparative example 3 preparation of modified vermiculite powder | 5.5 |
As is apparent from Table 3, preparation examples 1 to 3 and preparation comparative examples 1 to 3 examined the effect of monovalent potassium ions, divalent magnesium ions and trivalent aluminum ions on the swelling factor of vermiculite.
As is clear from comparison of preparation examples 1 to 3, the vermiculite swelling factor of preparation example 1 is the most preferable. Compared with preparation example 1, the concentration of divalent magnesium ions is reduced in preparation example 2, and the expansion multiple of vermiculite is reduced; the concentration of monovalent potassium ions is reduced in preparation example 3, and the expansion factor of vermiculite is reduced. It is understood that, in the process of producing the modified vermiculite powder, when the concentration of divalent magnesium ions and the concentration of monovalent potassium ions in the aqueous salt solution are 0.05mol/L and 0.02mol/L, the expansion factor of vermiculite can be maximized.
As can be seen by comparing preparation example 1 with preparation comparative examples 1 to 2, the swelling factor of vermiculite can be synergistically increased by divalent magnesium ions and monovalent potassium ions, but neither of them is acceptable.
As can be seen by comparing preparation example 1 with preparation comparative examples 1 and 3, although the addition of trivalent aluminum ions in preparation example comparative example 3 can also increase the expansion factor of vermiculite, the ability of monovalent potassium ions is not strong in preparation example 1, as compared with preparation comparative example 1.
Preparation of alkaline soil conditioner
The preparation method of the alkaline soil conditioner of examples 1-20 and comparative examples 1-6 specifically comprises the following steps:
s1: adding dihydrate gypsum, calcium lignosulphonate, anionic polyacrylamide, polyoxyethylene type nonionic surfactant, metal cation sulfate and modified vermiculite powder into a reaction kettle, mixing and stirring for 10min at the rotating speed of 400r/min, and then grinding the mixture until the particle size of the particles is 0.2-2.5 mm.
S2: adding the kitchen fermentation product into the mixture obtained in the step S1, and mixing and stirring for 10min at the rotating speed of 400 r/min; s3: and (5) adding the microbial inoculum into the mixture obtained in the step S2, mixing and stirring for 10min at the rotating speed of 400r/min to obtain the alkaline soil conditioner.
Examples 1 to 20
TABLE 4 ingredient Table of alkaline soil conditioner of examples 1 to 16
Example 17: the only difference from example 3 is that the modified vermiculite powder is provided by modified vermiculite powder preparation example 2.
Example 18: the only difference from example 3 is that the modified vermiculite powder is provided by modified vermiculite powder preparation example 3.
Example 19: the only difference from example 3 is that the kitchen ferment was provided by kitchen ferment preparation example 2.
Example 20: the only difference from example 3 is that the kitchen ferment was provided by kitchen ferment preparation example 3.
Comparative examples 1 to 6
Comparative example 1: the only difference from example 3 is that the kitchen ferment was provided by comparative example 1 of kitchen ferment preparation.
Comparative example 2: the only difference from example 3 is that the modified vermiculite powder is provided by comparative example 1, which is prepared from modified vermiculite powder.
Comparative example 3: the only difference from example 3 is that the modified vermiculite powder is provided by preparation of comparative example 2 from modified vermiculite powder.
Comparative example 4: the only difference from example 3 is that the modified vermiculite powder is provided by comparative example 3, which is prepared from modified vermiculite powder.
Comparative example 5: the only difference from example 3 is that no modified vermiculite powder was added.
Comparative example 6: the only difference from example 3 is that no anionic polyacrylamide was added.
Performance and effect detection test of alkaline soil conditioner
The alkaline soil conditioner provided in examples 1 to 20 and comparative examples 1 to 6 was subjected to performance test, and the test results are shown in Table 5.
Determination of total humic acid: testing according to NY/T1971-2010 standard;
determination of organic matter content: testing according to NY525-2021 standard;
and (3) measuring the total content of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium: testing according to the standard specification of GBT 22923-2008;
and (3) determination of effective viable bacteria: testing according to GB20287-2006 agricultural microbial agent standard;
and (3) measuring the pH value of the alkaline soil conditioner: the test was carried out according to the standard specification EN 13037-2011.
TABLE 5 results of measuring the Properties of the alkaline soil improvers of examples 1 to 20 and comparative examples 1 to 6
| Test items | Total humic acid (wt%) | Organic matter content, wt% | Total content of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in wt% | Effective viable count, 108Per g of | pH |
| Example 1 | 16.32 | 30.27 | 2 | 2 | 5.2 |
| Example 2 | 20.63 | 38.34 | 2 | 2 | 5.1 |
| Example 3 | 22.78 | 41.98 | 2 | 2 | 4.9 |
| Example 4 | 24.79 | 45.68 | 2 | 2 | 4.6 |
| Example 5 | 28.79 | 53.43 | 2 | 2 | 4.3 |
| Example 6 | 22.67 | 41.51 | 2 | 2 | 4.8 |
| Example 7 | 22.51 | 41.56 | 2 | 2 | 5.6 |
| Example 8 | 22.57 | 42.2 | 2 | 2 | 5.2 |
| Example 9 | 22.64 | 42.12 | 2 | 2 | 4.9 |
| Example 10 | 22.65 | 41.69 | 2 | 2 | 5.0 |
| Example 11 | 22.63 | 41.59 | 2 | 2 | 4.8 |
| Example 12 | 22.54 | 41.92 | 2 | 2 | 4.7 |
| Example 13 | 22.6 | 42.17 | 2 | 2 | 4.8 |
| Example 14 | 22.56 | 41.83 | 2 | 2 | 4.5 |
| Example 15 | 22.55 | 42.05 | 2 | 2 | 4.5 |
| Example 16 | 22.69 | 42.13 | 2 | 2 | 5.2 |
| Example 17 | 22.58 | 42.04 | 2 | 2 | 5.1 |
| Example 18 | 22.53 | 41.73 | 2 | 2 | 4.7 |
| Practice ofExample 19 | 21.80 | 41.63 | 2 | 2 | 4.9 |
| Example 20 | 22.37 | 41.92 | 2 | 2 | 5.1 |
| Comparative example 1 | 10.87 | 24.92 | 2 | 2 | 6.4 |
| Comparative example 2 | 22.52 | 41.77 | 2 | 2 | 4.7 |
| Comparative example 3 | 22.62 | 41.86 | 2 | 2 | 5.1 |
| Comparative example 4 | 22.7 | 41.93 | 2 | 2 | 5.3 |
| Comparative example 5 | 22.61 | 42.09 | 2 | 2 | 5.4 |
| Comparative example 6 | 22.68 | 42.03 | 2 | 2 | 4.8 |
As can be seen from tables 1 and 5, after the kitchen fermentation product is treated by adding BGB high-temperature compound bacteria and a specific process, the content of total humic acid and organic matters can be obviously improved, the content of the total humic acid is 38-42wt%, and the pH value is 3.5-5.5, so that the kitchen fermentation product is an ideal raw material for improving saline-alkali soil.
By comparing examples 1 to 20 with comparative example 1, it can be seen that the organic matter content, total humic acid content and pH value of the alkaline soil conditioner of examples 1 to 20 are superior to those of comparative example 1. In addition, the kitchen waste fermentation product is rich in easily-oxidized organic matters, humic acid, protein, amino acid and other biostimulants, so that the microbial community of saline-alkali soil can be improved, and the growth and stress resistance of crops are promoted.
The performance and effect detection test method of the alkaline soil after the alkaline soil conditioner is improved comprises the following steps: taking out the soil with the volume weight of 1.32g/cm3Taking saline-alkali soil with pH of 8.2 as a soil sample, air drying the soil sample, sieving the soil sample with a 3mm sieve, removing impurities such as fine roots and dead leaves, fully mixing, and respectively packaging 500g of the soil sample into containers with diameters of50 parts in total are taken as standby samples in a cylindrical polyethylene plastic bottle with the height of 12cm and the length of 7.8 cm; selecting 26 samples, adding the prepared alkaline soil conditioner into the soil samples according to the addition of 0.5 percent, uniformly mixing the soil samples, then loading the soil samples into plastic bottles, wherein the depth of the soil layer is about 10cm, adding 300mL of deionized water into each plastic bottle, culturing the soil samples in an incubator at 25 ℃ for 15 days, adding 300mL of deionized water into each plastic bottle, culturing the soil samples in the incubator at 25 ℃ for 25 days, and carrying out performance detection on the soil samples, wherein the detection results are shown in tables 6-1 to 6-3.
Determination of soil pH: the test was carried out according to the method specified in NY/T1973.
Determination of soil salt content: the test was carried out according to LY-T1251-1999 Standard.
And (3) measuring the alkalization degree of the soil: the test was carried out according to the standard of GB 7869-1987.
And (3) measuring soil moisture: the test is carried out according to the vacuum oven method in GB/T8576.
And (3) determination of effective viable bacteria of soil: the test was carried out according to the method defined in GB 4789.2-2016.
The detection method of the soil aggregate comprises the following steps: selecting a spare soil sample, drying for 5 hours at the same drying temperature, drying in a drying box, pouring the dried spare soil sample into a set of sieve groups with the pore diameters of 3mm, 2mm, 0.5mm and 0.25mm in sequence by using an automatic sieving machine according to a dry sieve method of an Evonoff method to obtain aggregates with different grain grades, then putting the aggregates with different grain grades in the drying box for drying, and weighing the content of the aggregates in each grade of soil sample. And (3) calculating the content of aggregate at each stage of the dry screen, wherein the calculation formula is as follows:
the alkaline soil conditioner was uniformly added to the classified soil samples, and then the aggregate content of each soil sample was measured according to the wet sieving method of Elloitt and Cambardela (1991). And (3) calculating the content of aggregate at each stage of the dry screen, wherein the calculation formula is as follows:
TABLE 6-1 results of measuring the properties of alkaline soil improved with the alkaline soil conditioner of examples 1-10
TABLE 6-2 results of measuring the properties of alkaline soil improved with the alkaline soil conditioner of examples 11-20
TABLE 6-3 results of testing the properties of alkaline soil improved by the alkaline soil conditioner of comparative examples 1-6
As shown in tables 6-1 to 6-3, the pH of the alkaline soil sample is reduced to 7.5 to 7.8 after the alkaline soil conditioner is used for improvement, and the pH of the alkaline soil sample has a positive effect on reducing the pH of the saline-alkali soil. In addition, the alkaline soil treated by the examples 1-20 has better soil water retention performance, beneficial microorganism amount, salt content of 0-6cm soil layer, alkalization degree and aggregate content of each level of dry sieve and wet sieve than the soil of the comparative example 1. This shows that the kitchen waste fermentation product prepared by the method is more suitable for improving alkaline soil than other disposal methods.
As can be seen by comparing examples 1-20 with comparative examples 2-5, the pH of the soil, the water content of the soil layer of 0-6cm, the alkalization degree and the aggregates at each level of the soil treated in examples 1-20 are superior to those in comparative examples 2-5. The modified vermiculite has higher layer charge number, so the modified vermiculite has higher cation exchange capacity and stronger cation exchange adsorption capacity, is beneficial to leaching salt ions of alkaline soil and reducing the alkalization degree of the soil; the modified vermiculite has higher expansion coefficient, so that the structure of soil can be improved, water is stored, the moisture is preserved, the air permeability and the water content of the soil are improved, the propagation of exogenous bacteria is promoted, and the micro-ecological environment of alkaline soil is improved; in addition, the vermiculite can also provide K, Mg, Ca and Fe contained in the vermiculite and trace elements such as Mn, Cu, Zn and the like to crops.
Comparing examples 1-20 with comparative example 6, it is clear that polyacrylamide can promote the formation of soil aggregates, and solve the obstacle factors such as easy hardening of alkaline soil and poor soil aggregates. Polyacrylamide has the effect of moisturizing, reduction moisture volatilizees, and along with the increase of soil degree of depth, soil salt content increases gradually, and then reduces the salt and gathers on soil top layer. The formation of soil aggregates can be promoted more rapidly through the mutual synergistic effect of the dihydrate gypsum and the polyacrylamide. Among them, it is known from comparative examples 9 to 11 that as the amount of calcium lignosulfonate and octadecylamine polyoxyethylene ether used increases, the salt content of a 6-9cm soil layer increases; the results show that the calcium lignosulfonate and the octadecylamine polyoxyethylene ether can accelerate the permeation and diffusion of water in the alkaline soil, improve the mobility of the water in the alkaline soil, and simultaneously realize the leaching of the salt of the alkaline soil, thereby reducing the salt content of the alkaline soil on the surface layer.
By comparing examples 1-20 with comparative examples 1-6, the alkaline soil conditioner has the following characteristics that the organic matter content is 30-50%, the total humic acid content is 15-30%, the total nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium content is 2-8%, the effective viable bacteria content is 2-5 hundred million/g, the inorganic nutrients (nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and trace elements), the organic matters and microbial agents are comprehensive in nutrients, and the organic and inorganic nutrients are reasonably compatible, wherein the C/N ratio is (20-30) to 1, and the C/P ratio is (70-80): 1, the method is beneficial to the survival and the propagation of the added strains, can quickly construct the soil micro-ecological environment and revive the soil strains.
The present embodiment is only for explaining the present application, and it is not limited to the present application, and those skilled in the art can make modifications of the present embodiment without inventive contribution as needed after reading the present specification, but all of them are protected by patent law within the scope of the claims of the present application.
Claims (9)
1. The alkaline soil conditioner is characterized by comprising the following raw materials in parts by weight: 40-70 parts of kitchen fermentation product, 10-30 parts of dihydrate gypsum, 1-5 parts of calcium lignosulfonate, 0.1-0.8 part of polyacrylamide, 0.05-0.2 part of polyoxyethylene type nonionic surfactant, 0.2-0.5 part of metal cation sulfate, 0.1-1.0 part of microbial inoculum and 8-27 parts of modified vermiculite powder,
the kitchen fermentation product contains 38-42wt% of total humic acid, 35-40wt% of free humic acid and 14-16wt% of water-soluble humic acid;
the modified vermiculite powder is prepared by microwave drying and grinding vermiculite soaked in a salt solution, wherein the salt solution contains magnesium ions with the concentration of 0.04-0.06mol/L and potassium ions with the concentration of 0.02-0.03 mol/L.
2. An alkaline soil amendment according to claim 1, characterized in that: the average molecular weight of the polyacrylamide is 1800-2000 ten thousand.
3. An alkaline soil amendment according to claim 2, characterized in that: the polyacrylamide is selected from at least one of cationic polyacrylamide, anionic polyacrylamide and nonionic polyacrylamide.
4. An alkaline soil amendment according to claim 1, characterized in that: the polyoxyethylene type nonionic surfactant is selected from at least one of alkylphenol polyoxyethylene, fatty alcohol polyoxyethylene and octadecylamine polyoxyethylene.
5. An alkaline soil amendment according to claim 1, characterized in that: the metal cation sulfate is at least two selected from copper sulfate, ferrous sulfate, magnesium sulfate and zinc sulfate.
6. An alkaline soil amendment according to claim 1, characterized in that: the microbial inoculum is selected from at least two of bacillus, actinomycetes, lactobacillus and photosynthetic bacteria.
7. An alkaline soil amendment according to claim 1, characterized in that: the pH value of the alkaline soil conditioner is 4.0-6.5.
8. An alkaline soil amendment according to claim 1, characterized in that: the particle size of the alkaline soil conditioner is 0.2-2.5 mm.
9. A process for the preparation of an alkaline soil amendment according to any of claims 1 to 8, comprising the steps of:
s1: uniformly mixing dihydrate gypsum, calcium lignosulfonate, polyacrylamide, polyoxyethylene type nonionic surfactant, metal cation sulfate and modified vermiculite powder;
s2: adding the kitchen fermentation product into the mixture obtained in the step S1 and uniformly mixing;
s3: and (5) adding the microbial inoculum into the mixture obtained in the step S3, and uniformly mixing to obtain the alkaline soil conditioner.
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