CN113816777A - Method for preparing ecological organic fertilizer from straw and chicken manure and prepared ecological organic fertilizer - Google Patents
Method for preparing ecological organic fertilizer from straw and chicken manure and prepared ecological organic fertilizer Download PDFInfo
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- 239000010871 livestock manure Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 58
- 210000003608 fece Anatomy 0.000 title claims abstract description 55
- 241000287828 Gallus gallus Species 0.000 title claims abstract description 52
- 239000010902 straw Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 44
- 239000003895 organic fertilizer Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 38
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 24
- 238000000855 fermentation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 111
- 230000004151 fermentation Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 111
- 239000002068 microbial inoculum Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 58
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 230000003203 everyday effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 241000194108 Bacillus licheniformis Species 0.000 claims description 41
- 241000193385 Geobacillus stearothermophilus Species 0.000 claims description 41
- 240000006439 Aspergillus oryzae Species 0.000 claims description 39
- 235000002247 Aspergillus oryzae Nutrition 0.000 claims description 39
- 241000223261 Trichoderma viride Species 0.000 claims description 38
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 claims description 30
- 238000012258 culturing Methods 0.000 claims description 29
- 239000001963 growth medium Substances 0.000 claims description 29
- 241000881860 Paenibacillus mucilaginosus Species 0.000 claims description 27
- 239000007633 bacillus mucilaginosus Substances 0.000 claims description 27
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 claims description 23
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims description 21
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 19
- 238000004321 preservation Methods 0.000 claims description 18
- 241000193830 Bacillus <bacterium> Species 0.000 claims description 15
- FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium chloride Chemical compound [Na+].[Cl-] FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 15
- 230000001580 bacterial effect Effects 0.000 claims description 15
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 claims description 15
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 claims description 15
- 230000000813 microbial effect Effects 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000011218 seed culture Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000007605 air drying Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 244000025254 Cannabis sativa Species 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000003415 peat Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000003337 fertilizer Substances 0.000 abstract description 4
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 16
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 9
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 5
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Potassium Chemical compound [K] ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000002361 compost Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 4
- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 244000144972 livestock Species 0.000 description 4
- 239000011707 mineral Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000005416 organic matter Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000011591 potassium Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 238000009264 composting Methods 0.000 description 3
- 244000144977 poultry Species 0.000 description 3
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000004382 Amylase Substances 0.000 description 2
- 102000013142 Amylases Human genes 0.000 description 2
- 108010065511 Amylases Proteins 0.000 description 2
- 108010059892 Cellulase Proteins 0.000 description 2
- 108091005804 Peptidases Proteins 0.000 description 2
- 239000004365 Protease Substances 0.000 description 2
- 102100037486 Reverse transcriptase/ribonuclease H Human genes 0.000 description 2
- 229920002472 Starch Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 241000607479 Yersinia pestis Species 0.000 description 2
- 230000003213 activating effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 235000019418 amylase Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 229940106157 cellulase Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 238000013329 compounding Methods 0.000 description 2
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000004090 dissolution Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002609 medium Substances 0.000 description 2
- 102000004169 proteins and genes Human genes 0.000 description 2
- 108090000623 proteins and genes Proteins 0.000 description 2
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000006641 stabilisation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000011105 stabilization Methods 0.000 description 2
- 235000019698 starch Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000008107 starch Substances 0.000 description 2
- 241000588724 Escherichia coli Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000238631 Hexapoda Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000244206 Nematoda Species 0.000 description 1
- 244000052616 bacterial pathogen Species 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003153 chemical reaction reagent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007812 deficiency Effects 0.000 description 1
- 201000010099 disease Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 208000037265 diseases, disorders, signs and symptoms Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 239000003651 drinking water Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000020188 drinking water Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 208000015181 infectious disease Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 239000002054 inoculum Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009629 microbiological culture Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000010815 organic waste Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001737 promoting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
- C05F3/00—Fertilisers from human or animal excrements, e.g. manure
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
- C05F17/00—Preparation of fertilisers characterised by biological or biochemical treatment steps, e.g. composting or fermentation
- C05F17/20—Preparation of fertilisers characterised by biological or biochemical treatment steps, e.g. composting or fermentation using specific microorganisms or substances, e.g. enzymes, for activating or stimulating the treatment
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
- C05F17/00—Preparation of fertilisers characterised by biological or biochemical treatment steps, e.g. composting or fermentation
- C05F17/50—Treatments combining two or more different biological or biochemical treatments, e.g. anaerobic and aerobic treatment or vermicomposting and aerobic treatment
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
- Y02W30/40—Bio-organic fraction processing; Production of fertilisers from the organic fraction of waste or refuse
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Molecular Biology (AREA)
- Biotechnology (AREA)
- Biochemistry (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
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- Tropical Medicine & Parasitology (AREA)
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for preparing an ecological organic fertilizer by adopting straws and chicken manure, which relates to the technical field of organic fertilizers and comprises the following steps: preparing a complex microbial inoculum for primary fermentation; mixing chicken manure and crushed straws according to the mass ratio of 7:3, wherein the initial water content of the chicken manure before fermentation is 55%, adding 0.3-0.7% of a composite microbial inoculum for primary fermentation, and turning for 3-4 days for one time, wherein the fermentation time is 15 days; and (3) when the temperature of the fermentation product in the step (2) is reduced to below 45 ℃, adding a microbial inoculum for secondary fermentation, wherein the addition amount of the microbial inoculum for secondary fermentation is 0.5 percent, turning over the pile once every day, and fermenting for 5 days. The invention has the beneficial effects that: the fermentation time for preparing the ecological organic fertilizer by adopting the process of the invention is only 20 days, and the fermentation can be completed. Completely meets or exceeds the requirement of the organic fertilizer industry standard NY 525-2012.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of organic fertilizers, in particular to a method for preparing an ecological organic fertilizer by adopting straws and chicken manure and the prepared ecological organic fertilizer.
Background
In addition, livestock and poultry manure intensively cultivated in China each year reaches 35 hundred million tons, and the manure is directly discharged without treatment, becomes a pollution source influencing soil and water, and seriously influences the safety of drinking water sources. The two types of organic wastes are the most main organic garbage resources in rural areas of China. The comprehensive utilization of the crop straw resources and the livestock and poultry manure has important practical significance for saving resources, protecting the environment, increasing the income of farmers and promoting the sustainable development of agriculture.
The existing treatment of straws and excrement is single. At present, although the burnt straws are reduced, the straw treatment is simple straw returning or feed conversion; most of the chicken manure is naturally composted in a small workshop, and the technology for comprehensively utilizing the two wastes is less.
Due to the deficiency of comprehensive treatment technology, the chicken manure organic fertilizer is not subjected to mature industrialized production, so that the existing simply-processed chicken manure organic fertilizer cannot kill germs and pests such as escherichia coli, nematodes and the like, is easy to cause the phenomena of disease and insect pest infection, seedling burning by fermentation and the like, and has slow fertilizer efficiency and high cost.
Compost fermentation treatment is one of effective ways for solving the problems of straws and livestock and poultry manure, microbial strains are used for fermentation, the compost can be quickly decomposed, the content of organic matters is increased, and crops are easy to absorb, for example, a process for preparing an organic fertilizer by using chicken manure and straws is disclosed in the patent application with the publication number of CN106116845A, but the preparation process has long fermentation time.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the technical problem that the fermentation time of the process for preparing the organic fertilizer by utilizing the chicken manure and the straws is long in the prior art.
The invention solves the technical problems through the following technical means:
a method for preparing an ecological organic fertilizer by adopting straws and chicken manure comprises the following steps:
(1) preparing the complex microbial inoculum for primary fermentation: mixing solid microbial agents of trichoderma viride, aspergillus oryzae, geobacillus stearothermophilus and bacillus licheniformis according to the ratio of 1:1:1:1 to prepare a composite microbial agent for primary fermentation;
(2) mixing chicken manure and crushed straws according to the mass ratio of 7:3, wherein the initial water content of the chicken manure before fermentation is 55%, adding 0.3-0.7% of a composite microbial inoculum for primary fermentation, and turning for 3-4 days for one time, wherein the fermentation time is 15 days;
(3) and (3) when the temperature of the fermentation product in the step (2) is reduced to below 45 ℃, adding a microbial inoculum for secondary fermentation, wherein the addition amount of the microbial inoculum for secondary fermentation is 0.5%, turning over once every day, and fermenting for 5 days, wherein the microbial inoculum for secondary fermentation is a bacillus mucilaginosus solid microbial inoculum.
Has the advantages that: the fermentation time of the ecological organic fertilizer prepared by the process can be only 20 days, and the prepared ecological organic fertilizer has the following component indexes: organic matter content is more than or equal to 50%, NPK content is more than or equal to 6%, water content is less than or equal to 30%, and jelly-like bacillus content is more than or equal to 2 х 107CFU/g. Completely meets or exceeds the requirement of the organic fertilizer industry standard NY 525-2012.
The invention adopts a secondary fermentation technology, adopts multiple strains for compounding and optimizes fermentation conditions, and realizes the stabilization, harmlessness, reclamation and industrialization of products.
The invention takes the straws and the chicken manure as raw materials, comprehensively utilizes the two wastes from the aspect of resource utilization of the straws and the chicken manure, realizes the industrialized production of the ecological organic fertilizer, and provides a new solution for the large-scale treatment of the livestock manure such as the straws, the chicken manure and the like.
The invention selects Trichoderma viride, Aspergillus oryzae and Geobacillus stearothermophilus with high cellulase activity; aiming at the characteristics of high starch and protein of chicken manure, bacillus licheniformis and aspergillus oryzae with high amylase and protease activities are selected. Mixing Trichoderma viride, Aspergillus oryzae, Geobacillus stearothermophilus and Bacillus licheniformis to prepare the composite microbial agent for primary fermentation. After the primary fermentation is basically completed, the bacillus mucilaginosus with nitrogen fixation, phosphorus dissolution and activated mineral potassium is added into the compost for secondary fermentation.
The bacillus mucilaginosus has the functions of fixing nitrogen, dissolving inorganic phosphorus, activating soil mineral potassium and the like.
Preferably, the solid microbial inoculum of trichoderma viride, aspergillus oryzae, geobacillus stearothermophilus and bacillus licheniformis have the bacterial contents of 5.2 х 10 respectively9CFU/g、3.7х109CFU/g、6.5х109CFU/g、5.8х109CFU/g。
Preferably, the preparation method of the trichoderma viride agent comprises the following steps:
(1) washing the trichoderma viride preservation inclined plane by using sterile normal saline, and shaking uniformly in a sterile triangular flask to obtain trichoderma viride suspension;
(2) inoculating the trichoderma viride suspension into a seed culture medium, and culturing at 28 ℃ and 200rpm for 48h to obtain trichoderma viride seed liquid;
(3) inoculating 10% of the trichoderma viride seed solution into a fermentation culture medium, culturing at 28 ℃ and 200rpm for 72h to obtain trichoderma viride fermentation liquor, mixing the trichoderma viride fermentation liquor with sterilized bran according to the mass ratio of 1:1, and airing to obtain the trichoderma viride agent.
Preferably, the preparation method of the aspergillus oryzae microbial inoculum comprises the following steps:
(1) washing Aspergillus oryzae with sterile normal saline, storing the inclined plane, and shaking in a sterile triangular flask to obtain Aspergillus oryzae suspension;
(2) inoculating Aspergillus oryzae suspension in seed culture medium, and culturing at 28 deg.C and 200rpm for 48 hr to obtain Aspergillus oryzae seed solution;
(3) inoculating 10% of Aspergillus oryzae seed liquid into a fermentation culture medium, culturing at 28 ℃ and 200rpm for 72h to obtain Aspergillus oryzae fermentation liquid, mixing the Aspergillus oryzae fermentation liquid and sterilized bran according to the mass ratio of 1:1, and air-drying to obtain the Aspergillus oryzae solid microbial inoculum.
Preferably, the preparation method of the Geobacillus stearothermophilus microbial inoculum comprises the following steps:
(1) washing the Geobacillus stearothermophilus preservation inclined plane by using sterile normal saline, and uniformly shaking the Geobacillus stearothermophilus preservation inclined plane into a sterile triangular flask to obtain Geobacillus stearothermophilus suspension;
(2) inoculating the Geobacillus stearothermophilus bacterial suspension into a seed culture medium, and culturing at 60 ℃ and 200rpm for 36h to obtain Geobacillus stearothermophilus seed liquid;
(3) inoculating 10% Geobacillus stearothermophilus seed solution into a fermentation culture medium, culturing at 60 ℃ and 200rpm for 48h to obtain Geobacillus stearothermophilus fermentation liquor, mixing the Geobacillus stearothermophilus fermentation liquor with sterilized bran according to the mass ratio of 1:1, and airing to obtain the Geobacillus stearothermophilus microbial inoculum.
Preferably, the preparation method of the bacillus licheniformis agent comprises the following steps:
(1) washing the bacillus licheniformis preservation inclined plane by using sterile normal saline, and uniformly shaking the bacillus licheniformis preservation inclined plane into a sterile triangular flask to obtain bacillus licheniformis suspension;
(2) inoculating the bacillus licheniformis suspension into a seed culture medium, and culturing at 30 ℃ and 200rpm for 36h to obtain a bacillus licheniformis seed solution;
(3) inoculating 10% Bacillus licheniformis seed solution into a fermentation culture medium, and culturing at 30 deg.C and 200rpm for 48 hr to obtain Bacillus licheniformis fermentation liquid; and mixing the bacillus licheniformis fermentation liquor and the sterilized bran in a mass ratio of 1:1, and airing to obtain the bacillus licheniformis microbial inoculum.
Preferably, the bacterial content of the bacillus mucilaginosus solid bacterial agent is 7.6 х 109CFU/g。
Preferably, the preparation method of the bacillus mucilaginosus solid microbial inoculum comprises the following steps:
(1) washing the jelly-like bacillus preservation inclined plane by using sterile normal saline, and uniformly shaking the inclined plane in a sterile triangular flask to obtain a jelly-like bacillus suspension;
(2) inoculating the suspension of the jelly-like bacillus strain into a seed culture medium, and culturing at 30 ℃ and 200rpm for 36 hours to obtain a jelly-like bacillus seed solution;
(3) inoculating 10% of the bacillus mucilaginosus seed solution into a fermentation culture medium, culturing at 30 ℃ and 200rpm for 60h to obtain a bacillus mucilaginosus fermentation liquor, mixing the bacillus mucilaginosus fermentation liquor and sterilized grass peat according to a mass ratio of 1:1, and airing to obtain the bacillus mucilaginosus microbial inoculum.
Preferably, the dosage of the complex microbial inoculum for one-time fermentation is 0.3%.
Has the advantages that: by combining the rotten effect and the cost of the microbial inoculum, 0.3 percent of the compound microbial inoculum for primary fermentation is added, so that the fermentation can be quickly started to reach 55 ℃, the maintaining time of the heap temperature being more than or equal to 55 ℃ can be maintained for more than 7 days, and the harmless requirement of high-temperature composting is met.
Preferably, the straw is crushed after being dried.
Preferably, the chicken manure is air dried to a moisture content of 55%.
The invention also provides the ecological organic fertilizer prepared by the method.
Has the advantages that: the ecological organic fertilizer prepared by the invention comprises the following components: the organic matter content is more than or equal to 50 percent, the NPK content is more than or equal to 6 percent, the water content is less than or equal to 30 percent, and the content of the jelly-like bacillus is more than or equal to 2 х 107 CFU/g. Completely meets or exceeds the requirement of the organic fertilizer industry standard NY 525-2012.
The invention has the advantages that: the fermentation time of the ecological organic fertilizer prepared by the process can be only 20 days, and the prepared ecological organic fertilizer has the following component indexes: organic matter content is more than or equal to 50%, NPK content is more than or equal to 6%, water content is less than or equal to 30%, and jelly-like bacillus content is more than or equal to 2 х 107CFU/g. Completely meets or exceeds the requirement of the organic fertilizer industry standard NY 525-2012.
The invention adopts a secondary fermentation technology, adopts multiple strains for compounding and optimizes fermentation conditions, and realizes the stabilization, harmlessness, reclamation and industrialization of products.
The invention takes the straws and the chicken manure as raw materials, comprehensively utilizes the two wastes from the aspect of resource utilization of the straws and the chicken manure, realizes the industrialized production of the ecological organic fertilizer, and provides a new solution for the large-scale treatment of the livestock manure such as the straws, the chicken manure and the like.
The invention selects Trichoderma viride, Aspergillus oryzae and Geobacillus stearothermophilus with high cellulase activity; aiming at the characteristics of high starch and protein of chicken manure, bacillus licheniformis and aspergillus oryzae with high amylase and protease activities are selected. Mixing Trichoderma viride, Aspergillus oryzae, Geobacillus stearothermophilus and Bacillus licheniformis to prepare the composite microbial agent for primary fermentation. After the primary fermentation is basically completed, the bacillus mucilaginosus with nitrogen fixation, phosphorus dissolution and activated mineral potassium is added into the compost for secondary fermentation.
The bacillus mucilaginosus has the functions of fixing nitrogen, dissolving inorganic phosphorus, activating soil mineral potassium and the like.
By combining the rotten effect and the cost of the microbial inoculum, 0.3 percent of the compound microbial inoculum for primary fermentation is added, so that the fermentation can be quickly started to reach 55 ℃, the maintaining time of the heap temperature being more than or equal to 55 ℃ can be maintained for more than 7 days, and the harmless requirement of high-temperature composting is met.
The method has great significance and effect on the environmental protection work of Anhui provinces and Anhui provinces with dense large-scale livestock farms and in the Huai river basin and the Changjiang river basin, can be used as the high-efficiency comprehensive utilization industrialization development demonstration of livestock manure in the Huai river basin and the Changjiang river basin, and has good industrialization prospect.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are some embodiments of the present invention, but not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Test materials, reagents and the like used in the following examples are commercially available unless otherwise specified.
The specific techniques or conditions not specified in the examples can be performed according to the techniques or conditions described in the literature in the field or according to the product specification.
Trichoderma viride (No. ACCC 30793), Aspergillus oryzae (No. ACCC 31491), Geobacillus stearothermophilus (No. ACCC 10253), Bacillus licheniformis (No. ACCC 19744) and Bacillus mucilaginosus (No. ACCC 10090) were purchased from China agricultural microbial culture Collection center.
Example 1
The method for preparing the ecological organic fertilizer by adopting the straws and the chicken manure comprises the following steps:
(1) preparing the complex microbial inoculum for primary fermentation: mixing solid microbial agents of trichoderma viride, aspergillus oryzae, geobacillus stearothermophilus and bacillus licheniformis according to the mass ratio of 1:1:1:1 to prepare a composite microbial agent for primary fermentation;
preparation of trichoderma viride preparation: washing the trichoderma viride preservation inclined plane by using sterile normal saline, and shaking uniformly in a sterile triangular flask to obtain trichoderma viride suspension; inoculating the trichoderma viride suspension into a YPD culture medium, and culturing at 28 ℃ and 200rpm for 48h to obtain trichoderma viride seed liquid; inoculating 10% of the Trichoderma viride seed liquid into a PDA culture medium, culturing at 28 ℃ and 200rpm for 72h to obtain Trichoderma viride fermentation liquid, mixing the Trichoderma viride fermentation liquid and sterilized bran according to the mass ratio of 1:1, and air-drying to obtain Trichoderma viride preparation, wherein the content of Trichoderma viride solid preparation is determined to be 5.2 х 109CFU/g。
Preparing an aspergillus oryzae microbial inoculum: washing Aspergillus oryzae with sterile normal saline, storing the inclined plane, and shaking in a sterile triangular flask to obtain Aspergillus oryzae suspension; inoculating Aspergillus oryzae suspension in YPD culture medium, and culturing at 28 deg.C and 200rpm for 48 hr to obtain Aspergillus oryzae seed solution; inoculating 10% Aspergillus oryzae seed solution into PDA culture medium, culturing at 28 deg.C and 200rpm for 72 hr to obtain Aspergillus oryzae fermentation broth, mixing Aspergillus oryzae fermentation broth and sterilized bran at a mass ratio of 1:1, and air drying to obtain Aspergillus oryzae solid microbial inoculum with a bacterial content of 3.7 х 109CFU/g。
Preparing a Geobacillus stearothermophilus microbial inoculum: washing the Geobacillus stearothermophilus preservation inclined plane by using sterile normal saline, and uniformly shaking the Geobacillus stearothermophilus preservation inclined plane into a sterile triangular flask to obtain Geobacillus stearothermophilus suspension; inoculating the Geobacillus stearothermophilus bacterial suspension into an LB culture medium, and culturing at 60 ℃ and 200rpm for 36h to obtain Geobacillus stearothermophilus seed liquid; inoculating 10% Geobacillus stearothermophilus seed solution to improved LB cultureCulturing at 60 ℃ and 200rpm for 48h to obtain Geobacillus stearothermophilus fermentation liquor, mixing the Geobacillus stearothermophilus fermentation liquor with sterilized bran according to the mass ratio of 1:1, and drying in the air to obtain Geobacillus stearothermophilus solid microbial inoculum, wherein the content of the Geobacillus stearothermophilus solid microbial inoculum is measured to be 6.5 х 109CFU/g。
Preparing a bacillus licheniformis solid microbial agent: and washing the bacillus licheniformis preservation inclined plane by using sterile normal saline, and uniformly shaking the bacillus licheniformis preservation inclined plane into a sterile triangular flask to obtain the bacillus licheniformis suspension. Inoculating the bacillus licheniformis suspension into an LB culture medium, and culturing at 30 ℃ and 200rpm for 36h to obtain bacillus licheniformis seed liquid. Inoculating 10% Bacillus licheniformis seed solution into the improved LB culture medium, and culturing at 30 deg.C and 200rpm for 48 hr to obtain Bacillus licheniformis fermentation liquid. Mixing the fermentation liquor of the bacillus licheniformis and the sterilized bran according to the mass ratio of 1:1, and airing to prepare a bacillus licheniformis solid microbial agent, wherein the bacterial content of the bacillus licheniformis solid microbial agent is determined to be 5.8 х 109CFU/g。
(2) Airing the chicken manure of a chicken farm in Huaibei city until the water content is 55%, airing and crushing the straws, mixing the chicken manure and the crushed straws according to the mass ratio of 7:3, adding a composite microbial inoculum for primary fermentation, wherein the total mass of the chicken manure and the straws is 0.3%, the number of times of pile turning is 3 days, and the fermentation time is 15 days;
(3) and (3) when the temperature of the fermentation product in the step (2) is reduced to below 45 ℃, adding a microbial inoculum for secondary fermentation, wherein the addition amount of the microbial inoculum for secondary fermentation is 0.5%, turning over once every day, and fermenting for 5 days, wherein the microbial inoculum for secondary fermentation is a bacillus mucilaginosus solid microbial inoculum.
Preparing a bacillus mucilaginosus solid microbial inoculum: washing the jelly-like bacillus preservation inclined plane by using sterile normal saline, and uniformly shaking the inclined plane in a sterile triangular flask to obtain a jelly-like bacillus suspension; inoculating the suspension of the bacillus mucilaginosus into a seed culture medium (nitrogen-free culture medium), and culturing at 30 ℃ and 200rpm for 36h to obtain a bacillus mucilaginosus seed solution; inoculating 10% Bacillus mucilaginosus seed solution into fermentation medium (nitrogen medium), and culturing at 30 deg.C and 200rpm for 60 hr to obtain Bacillus mucilaginosusMixing the Bacillus mucilaginosus fermentation liquor with sterilized grass peat according to the mass ratio of 1:1, and air drying to obtain the Bacillus mucilaginosus bacterial agent, wherein the bacterial content of the Bacillus mucilaginosus solid bacterial agent is determined to be 7.6 х 108CFU/g。
The ecological organic fertilizer prepared in the embodiment has the following component indexes: organic matter content is more than or equal to 50%, NPK content is more than or equal to 6%, water content is less than or equal to 30%, and jelly-like bacillus content is more than or equal to 2 х 107CFU/g. Completely meets or exceeds the requirement of the organic fertilizer industry standard NY 525-2012.
Example 2
This embodiment is different from embodiment 1 in that: the adding amount of the composite microbial inoculum for primary fermentation is 0.5 percent of the total mass of the straws and the chicken manure.
Example 3
This embodiment is different from embodiment 1 in that: the adding amount of the composite microbial inoculum for primary fermentation is 0.7 percent of the total mass of the straws and the chicken manure.
Comparative example 1
This comparative example differs from example 1 in that: the initial water content of the chicken manure is 75%, and the mass ratio of the chicken manure to the crushed straws is 90: 10.
Comparative example 2
This comparative example differs from example 1 in that: the initial water content of the chicken manure is 65%, and the mass ratio of the chicken manure to the crushed straws is 80: 20.
Comparative example 3
This comparative example differs from example 1 in that: the initial water content of the chicken manure is 45%, and the mass ratio of the chicken manure to the crushed straws is 60: 40.
Comparative example 4
This comparative example differs from example 1 in that: the initial water content of the chicken manure is 37%, and the mass ratio of the chicken manure to the crushed straws is 50: 50.
Table 1 shows the fermentation conditions of the fertilizers of example 1, comparative example 1 to comparative example 4
| Chicken manure | Crushing straw | Initial water content | Time of primary fermentation |
| 90％ | 10％ | 75％ | Not fermenting |
| 80％ | 20％ | 65％ | Over 30 days |
| 70％ | 30％ | 55％ | 15 days |
| 60％ | 40％ | 45％ | Over 20 days |
| 50％ | 50％ | 37％ | Over 30 days |
As can be seen from Table 1, when the mass ratio of the chicken manure to the crushed straws is 7:3 and the initial water content of the chicken manure is 55%, the primary fermentation time is the shortest, and is only 15 days. Wherein the indexes for evaluating the primary fermentation end point are as follows: maintaining the temperature of the reactor at more than or equal to 55 ℃ for more than 7 days, then cooling to below 45 ℃, and completing the primary fermentation.
Comparative example 5
This comparative example differs from example 1 in that: the addition amount of the complex microbial inoculum for one-time fermentation is 0.05 percent.
Comparative example 6
This comparative example differs from example 1 in that: the addition amount of the complex microbial inoculum for one-time fermentation is 0.1 percent.
Comparative example 7
This comparative example differs from example 1 in that: the addition amount of the complex microbial inoculum for one-time fermentation is 0.2 percent.
Table 2 shows the effect of the addition of complex microbial inoculum on the decomposition temperature and time
| Adding amount of primary fermentation inoculum | The time that the reactor temperature reaches 55 ℃ for the first time | Maintaining the reactor temperature at more than or equal to 55 DEG C |
| 0.05％ | Day 5 | 4 days |
| 0.1％ | Day 5 | 5 days |
| 0.2％ | Day 4 | 7 days |
| 0.3％ | Day 2 | 9 days |
| 0.5％ | Day 2 | 9 days |
| 0.7％ | Day 2 | 9 days |
Note: the ambient temperature was 19 ℃.
The comprehensive decomposition effect and the microbial inoculum cost are considered, the addition of 0.3 percent of primary fermentation microbial inoculum is reasonable, the fermentation can be quickly started to reach 55 ℃, the maintaining time of the heap temperature being more than or equal to 55 ℃ can be maintained for more than 7 days, and the harmless requirement of high-temperature composting is met.
The above examples are only intended to illustrate the technical solution of the present invention, but not to limit it; although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that: the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments may still be modified, or some technical features may be equivalently replaced; and such modifications or substitutions do not depart from the spirit and scope of the corresponding technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A method for preparing ecological organic fertilizer by adopting straws and chicken manure is characterized by comprising the following steps: the method comprises the following steps:
(1) preparing the complex microbial inoculum for primary fermentation: mixing solid microbial agents of trichoderma viride, aspergillus oryzae, geobacillus stearothermophilus and bacillus licheniformis according to the ratio of 1:1:1:1 to prepare a composite microbial agent for primary fermentation;
(2) mixing chicken manure and crushed straws according to the mass ratio of 7:3, wherein the initial water content of the chicken manure before fermentation is 55%, adding 0.3-0.7% of a composite microbial inoculum for primary fermentation, and turning for 3-4 days for one time, wherein the fermentation time is 15 days;
(3) and (3) when the temperature of the fermentation product in the step (2) is reduced to below 45 ℃, adding a microbial inoculum for secondary fermentation, wherein the addition amount of the microbial inoculum for secondary fermentation is 0.5%, turning over once every day, and fermenting for 5 days, wherein the microbial inoculum for secondary fermentation is a bacillus mucilaginosus solid microbial inoculum.
2. The method for preparing the ecological organic fertilizer by adopting the straws and the chicken manure as claimed in claim 1, which is characterized in that: the bacterial contents of the trichoderma viride, aspergillus oryzae, geobacillus stearothermophilus and bacillus licheniformis solid bacterial agents are respectively 5.2 х 109CFU/g、3.7х109CFU/g、6.5х109CFU/g、5.8х109CFU/g。
3. The method for preparing the ecological organic fertilizer by adopting the straws and the chicken manure as claimed in claim 1 or 2, which is characterized in that: the preparation method of the trichoderma viride agent comprises the following steps:
(1) washing the trichoderma viride preservation inclined plane by using sterile normal saline, and shaking uniformly in a sterile triangular flask to obtain trichoderma viride suspension;
(2) inoculating the trichoderma viride suspension into a seed culture medium, and culturing at 28 ℃ and 200rpm for 48h to obtain trichoderma viride seed liquid;
(3) inoculating 10% of the trichoderma viride seed solution into a fermentation culture medium, culturing at 28 ℃ and 200rpm for 72h to obtain trichoderma viride fermentation liquor, mixing the trichoderma viride fermentation liquor with sterilized bran according to the mass ratio of 1:1, and airing to obtain the trichoderma viride agent.
4. The method for preparing the ecological organic fertilizer by adopting the straws and the chicken manure as claimed in claim 1 or 2, which is characterized in that: the preparation method of the aspergillus oryzae microbial inoculum comprises the following steps:
(1) washing Aspergillus oryzae with sterile normal saline, storing the inclined plane, and shaking in a sterile triangular flask to obtain Aspergillus oryzae suspension;
(2) inoculating Aspergillus oryzae suspension in seed culture medium, and culturing at 28 deg.C and 200rpm for 48 hr to obtain Aspergillus oryzae seed solution;
(3) inoculating 10% of Aspergillus oryzae seed liquid into a fermentation culture medium, culturing at 28 ℃ and 200rpm for 72h to obtain Aspergillus oryzae fermentation liquid, mixing the Aspergillus oryzae fermentation liquid and sterilized bran according to the mass ratio of 1:1, and air-drying to obtain the Aspergillus oryzae solid microbial inoculum.
5. The method for preparing the ecological organic fertilizer by adopting the straws and the chicken manure as claimed in claim 1 or 2, which is characterized in that: the preparation method of the Geobacillus stearothermophilus microbial inoculum comprises the following steps:
(1) washing the Geobacillus stearothermophilus preservation inclined plane by using sterile normal saline, and uniformly shaking the Geobacillus stearothermophilus preservation inclined plane into a sterile triangular flask to obtain Geobacillus stearothermophilus suspension;
(2) inoculating the Geobacillus stearothermophilus bacterial suspension into a seed culture medium, and culturing at 60 ℃ and 200rpm for 36h to obtain Geobacillus stearothermophilus seed liquid;
(3) inoculating 10% Geobacillus stearothermophilus seed solution into a fermentation culture medium, culturing at 60 ℃ and 200rpm for 48h to obtain Geobacillus stearothermophilus fermentation liquor, mixing the Geobacillus stearothermophilus fermentation liquor with sterilized bran according to the mass ratio of 1:1, and airing to obtain the Geobacillus stearothermophilus microbial inoculum.
6. The method for preparing the ecological organic fertilizer by adopting the straws and the chicken manure as claimed in claim 1 or 2, which is characterized in that: the preparation method of the bacillus licheniformis microbial inoculum comprises the following steps:
(1) washing the bacillus licheniformis preservation inclined plane by using sterile normal saline, and uniformly shaking the bacillus licheniformis preservation inclined plane into a sterile triangular flask to obtain bacillus licheniformis suspension;
(2) inoculating the bacillus licheniformis suspension into a seed culture medium, and culturing at 30 ℃ and 200rpm for 36h to obtain a bacillus licheniformis seed solution;
(3) inoculating 10% Bacillus licheniformis seed solution into a fermentation culture medium, and culturing at 30 deg.C and 200rpm for 48 hr to obtain Bacillus licheniformis fermentation liquid; and mixing the bacillus licheniformis fermentation liquor and the sterilized bran in a mass ratio of 1:1, and airing to obtain the bacillus licheniformis microbial inoculum.
7. The method for preparing the ecological organic fertilizer by adopting the straws and the chicken manure as claimed in claim 1, which is characterized in that: the bacterial content of the bacillus mucilaginosus solid bacterial agent is 7.6 х 109CFU/g。
8. The method for preparing the ecological organic fertilizer by adopting the straws and the chicken manure as claimed in claim 1 or 6, which is characterized in that: the preparation method of the bacillus mucilaginosus solid microbial inoculum comprises the following steps:
(1) washing the jelly-like bacillus preservation inclined plane by using sterile normal saline, and uniformly shaking the inclined plane in a sterile triangular flask to obtain a jelly-like bacillus suspension;
(2) inoculating the suspension of the jelly-like bacillus strain into a seed culture medium, and culturing at 30 ℃ and 200rpm for 36 hours to obtain a jelly-like bacillus seed solution;
(3) inoculating 10% of the bacillus mucilaginosus seed solution into a fermentation culture medium, culturing at 30 ℃ and 200rpm for 60h to obtain a bacillus mucilaginosus fermentation liquor, mixing the bacillus mucilaginosus fermentation liquor and sterilized grass peat according to a mass ratio of 1:1, and airing to obtain the bacillus mucilaginosus microbial inoculum.
9. The method for preparing the ecological organic fertilizer by adopting the straws and the chicken manure as claimed in claim 1, which is characterized in that: the dosage of the complex microbial inoculum for one-time fermentation is 0.3 percent.
10. An ecological organic fertilizer prepared by the method of any one of claims 1-9.
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