CN113816724B - Coal gangue sandstone sponge brick and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Coal gangue sandstone sponge brick and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of comprehensive utilization of solid waste resources, and particularly relates to a coal gangue sandstone sponge brick and a preparation method thereof, wherein the coal gangue sandstone sponge brick is prepared by firing the following raw materials in percentage by mass: 50-80% of coal gangue and 20-50% of sandstone, wherein the total mass of the coal gangue and the sandstone is 6-8% of a binder solution; the preparation method comprises the following steps: s1, weighing the coal gangue, the sandstone and the binder solution according to the proportion, stirring the coal gangue and the sandstone, slowly dripping the binder solution in the stirring process, and continuously stirring uniformly to obtain a mixture; and S2, placing the mixture into a mold, forming a green body by utilizing the pressure of a press, drying the green body after the green body is placed in a room and dried in the shade, and placing the green body into a firing plate to be fired to obtain the sponge brick. The invention utilizes sandstone to play a role of a flux and a skeleton structure, pores are left after coal remained in the coal gangue is combusted, and the prepared sponge brick has high compressive strength and good water retention property, thereby providing a new way for the comprehensive utilization of solid waste resources.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of comprehensive utilization of solid waste resources, and particularly relates to a coal gangue sandstone sponge brick and a preparation method thereof.
Background
The coal gangue is solid waste generated in the coal mining and washing processes, is a black gray rock with lower carbon content and harder than coal and associated with a coal bed in the coal forming process, and comprises tunneling gangue in the tunneling process, gangue mined from a top plate, a bottom plate and an interlayer in the mining process and washing gangue mined in the coal washing process. With the development of scientific technology, the coal production of the coal group in the promotion is always increased every year, the amount of natural coal gangue solid waste is increased, and at present, the coal gangue is basically treated in an outdoor composting way. The large amount of stacked coal gangue not only occupies the land and affects the ecological environment, the gangue eluviation water pollutes the surrounding soil and underground water, but also the coal gangue contains certain combustible substances and generates spontaneous combustion under proper conditions, and harmful gases such as sulfur dioxide, nitrogen oxide, carbon oxide, smoke dust and the like are discharged to pollute the atmospheric environment and affect the body health of residents in mining areas.
At present, the country accelerates the construction of sponge cities, improves road infrastructure, enhances the self-circulation function of the cities, and constructs ecological civilized cities. The materials paved at present mainly comprise cement mortar, non-fired concrete water permeable bricks and broken ceramic water permeable bricks. The broken ceramic water permeable brick is prepared by crushing broken ceramic pieces, adding sintering fluxing agent, and sintering at high temperature. The broken ceramic pieces are influenced by the ceramic building industry, a general sponge brick production base can only be built near ceramic building enterprises, the quantity of the broken ceramic depends on the finished product rate of the ceramic enterprises, and in addition, a sintering aid needs to be additionally added, so that the production cost is increased.
Therefore, how to comprehensively utilize the coal gangue is a current urgent task for practicing sustainable development and ecological civilization construction in China, the environmental problem and the ecological problem caused by stacking of a large amount of solid wastes are avoided, the coal gangue can be consumed, meanwhile, waste materials can be changed into valuable materials, the method is applied to laying of sponge city construction, the production cost is reduced, and a utilization way is provided for the construction of the sponge city.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects of the prior art, the invention provides the coal gangue sandstone sponge brick and the preparation method thereof, the material does not need to additionally add a sintering aid, the cost of the raw material is low, but the prepared sponge brick product has high strength and good water retention property, and the preparation method is simple and has high product value.
The invention aims to provide a coal gangue sandstone sponge brick which is prepared by firing the following raw materials in percentage by mass: 50-80% of coal gangue and 20-50% of sandstone, wherein the total mass of the coal gangue and the sandstone is 6-8% of a binder solution.
Preferably, the granularity of the coal gangue and the granularity of the sandstone are respectively 8-20 meshes.
Preferably, the binder is one or more of polyvinyl alcohol, hydroxypropyl cellulose, carboxymethyl cellulose and silica sol.
Preferably, the mass concentration of the binder solution is 2-5%.
The invention also aims to provide a preparation method of the coal gangue sandstone sponge brick, which comprises the following steps:
s1, weighing the coal gangue, the sandstone and the binder in proportion, firstly, uniformly stirring the coal gangue and the sandstone, then slowly dropwise adding the binder in the stirring process, controlling the water content to be 6-8% of the total material, and continuously and uniformly stirring to obtain a mixture;
and S2, putting the mixture obtained in the step S1 into a mold, pressing and molding a green body by using a press, drying the green body in the shade after the green body is placed in a room, and then putting the green body into a firing plate to be fired to obtain the sponge brick.
Preferably, in S2, the press pressure is 25 to 35MPa and the green article size is 10cm by 20cm by 5.5 cm.
Preferably, in S2, the drying time in the shade is 24 hours or more.
Preferably, in S2, the drying temperature is 50-70 ℃ and the drying time is 8-12 h.
Preferably, in S2, the firing plate is a perforated mullite plate.
Preferably, in S2, the firing method is: firstly, from room temperature to 900 ℃, the heating rate is 10 ℃/min, and the temperature is kept for 30 min; and then, continuously heating to the firing temperature of 1120-1180 ℃, keeping the temperature for 30min at the heating rate of 10 ℃/min, and cooling to the room temperature.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. the invention takes the solid waste generated in the coal mining process as the main raw material, realizes the comprehensive utilization of the waste raw materials, not only greatly saves the cost, but also applies the solid waste in a large range, and avoids the environmental problem and the ecological problem caused by the stacking of a large amount of solid waste.
2. The invention utilizes the hard sandstone to combine with the coal gangue to prepare the sponge brick, thereby avoiding the preparation of the sponge brick by taking broken porcelain granules as the main material and additionally adding a proper amount of sintering auxiliary agentMethod for making bricks in which the hard sandstone comprises 64.92% SiO 2 Can play a skeleton role for the sponge brick, and the hard sandstone contains K 2 O and Na 2 O plays the effect of flux, burns at 1120~1180 ℃ temperature range, can carry out the neck with solid particle and connect, keeps the skeleton texture of self again, has increased the compressive strength of sponge brick, has realized the effect of a raw materials multiple functions, avoids additionally using plus sintering auxiliary agent, has reduced manufacturing cost.
3. The invention utilizes the coal gangue as a main raw material, the coal gangue contains coal with a certain content, and the coal gangue can be combusted to release a large amount of heat in the firing process, thereby saving energy on the one hand; on the other hand, after the coal is combusted, a porous structure is formed in coal gangue particles and is communicated with a pore structure formed by stacking the coal gangue and the hard sandstone to form a tortuous high-porosity network structure, so that the water retention property of the sponge brick is enhanced.
4. The sponge brick prepared by the invention has the advantages that the using amount of solid wastes and local idle raw materials reaches 100 percent, the production cost is greatly reduced, the product strength is high, the compressive strength reaches 65-82.5MPa, the porosity is high, the apparent porosity reaches 38 percent, the water retention property is good and reaches 18.5L/m 2 The ceramic material is applied to sponge city construction and is an environment-friendly ceramic material.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to data in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
It is to be understood that the terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to limit the scope of the present invention, which will be limited only by the appended claims, wherein the various materials, reagents, instruments and equipment used in the following examples are commercially available or may be prepared by conventional methods.
A great amount of coal gangue is stacked on the coal advancing group, and the chemical composition of the coal gangue is as follows: SiO2 2 45.26% of Al 2 O 3 23.26% of Fe 2 O 3 3.6% of CaO, 1.09% of CaO, 0.42% of MgO and K 2 O accounts for 1.48%, and Na 2 O accounts for 0.41%, and SO 3 0.75% of TiO 2 0.75% and loss on ignition 22.98%; therefore, the sponge brick prepared by utilizing the coal gangue not only consumes the coal gangue, but also changes waste into valuable, can provide a utilization way for the construction of sponge cities, and realizes win-win of environmental treatment and production of products with high added values. The taihang mountain land of Changzhi province also has a great amount of sandstone, which is rich in SiO2 and has more flux, and the chemical composition is as follows: SiO2 2 64.92% of Al 2 O 3 15.81% of Fe 2 O 3 5.87% of CaO, 1.17% of CaO, 1.48% of MgO, and K 2 O accounts for 2.76% and Na 2 O accounts for 1.21 percent, and TiO 2 0.79% and 5.99% of ignition loss, and the surface of the ceramic particles can generate liquid phase at the temperature of about 1100 ℃, but the particle framework structure is still maintained, and the ceramic particles are natural fluxed ceramic raw materials. Therefore, the method for developing the sponge brick by combining the coal gangue and the sandstone is an effective method for ensuring the green development of sponge city construction
Example 1
The coal gangue sandstone sponge brick is prepared by firing the following raw materials in percentage by mass: 70 percent of coal gangue, 30 percent of sandstone, and 7 percent of binder solution of the total mass of the coal gangue and the sandstone. Wherein the granularity of the coal gangue and the sandstone is 8-20 meshes; the binder is a polyvinyl alcohol solution with the mass concentration of 3%.
The preparation method of the coal gangue sandstone sponge brick comprises the following steps:
s1, weighing the coal gangue, the sandstone and a polyvinyl alcohol solution with the mass concentration of 3% in proportion, firstly stirring the coal gangue and the sandstone in a stirrer for 30min, then slowly dropwise adding the polyvinyl alcohol solution with the total mass of 7% of the coal gangue and the sandstone in the stirring process, and continuously stirring uniformly to obtain a mixture;
s2, placing the mixture obtained in the step S1 into a mold, forming a green body with the size of 10cm x 20cm x 5.5cm by utilizing the pressure of a press, placing the green body into a room, drying the green body in the shade for 24 hours, then placing the green body into a drying room, drying the green body at the temperature of 60 ℃ for 12 hours, and then placing the green body into a sintering plate and sending the green body into a kiln together for sintering; the firing mode is as follows: the temperature is between room temperature and 900 ℃, the heating rate is 10 ℃/min, and the temperature is maintained at 900 ℃ for 30 min; raising the temperature to 900 ℃ to 1170 ℃ of the firing temperature, keeping the temperature at 1170 ℃ for 30min, and then naturally cooling to room temperature to obtain the finished sponge brick.
Experiments prove that the compressive strength of the sponge brick prepared in the example 1 is 82.5MPa, and the water retention rate is 18.5L/m 2 The water permeability is 68Kg/m 2 ·min。
Example 2
The coal gangue sandstone sponge brick is prepared by firing the following raw materials in percentage by mass: : 60 percent of coal gangue, 40 percent of sandstone, and 7 percent of binder solution of the total mass of the coal gangue and the sandstone. The particle sizes of the coal gangue and the sandstone are 8-20 meshes respectively; the binder is hydroxypropyl cellulose solution with mass concentration of 2%.
The preparation method of the coal gangue sandstone sponge brick comprises the following steps:
s1, weighing the coal gangue, the sandstone and a hydroxypropyl cellulose solution with the mass concentration of 2% in proportion, firstly stirring the coal gangue and the sandstone in a stirrer for 30min, then slowly dropwise adding the hydroxypropyl cellulose solution with the mass concentration of 7% of the total mass of the coal gangue and the sandstone in the stirring process, and continuously stirring uniformly to obtain a mixture;
s2, placing the mixture obtained in the step S1 into a mold, forming a green body with the size of 10cm x 20cm x 5.5cm by utilizing the pressure of a press, placing the green body into a room, drying the green body in the shade for 24 hours, then placing the green body into a drying room, drying the green body at 55 ℃ for 12 hours, and then placing the green body into a sintering plate and sending the green body into a kiln together for sintering; the firing mode is as follows: the temperature is between room temperature and 900 ℃, the heating rate is 10 ℃/min, and the temperature is maintained at 900 ℃ for 30 min; raising the temperature to 1150 deg.c at the heating rate of 10 deg.c/min, maintaining at 1150 deg.c for 30min, and cooling naturally to room temperature to obtain the final product.
Experiments prove that the compressive strength of the sponge brick prepared in the example 2 is 70.3MPa, and the water retention rate is 16.0L/m 2 Water seepageThe rate is 66Kg/m 2 ·min。
Example 3
The coal gangue sandstone sponge brick is prepared by firing the following raw materials in percentage by mass: 50 percent of coal gangue, 50 percent of sandstone, and 7 percent of binder solution of the total mass of the coal gangue and the sandstone. Wherein the granularity of the coal gangue and the granularity of the sandstone are respectively 8-20 meshes; the binder is a silica sol solution with the mass concentration of 5 percent.
The preparation method of the coal gangue sandstone sponge brick comprises the following steps:
s1, weighing the coal gangue, the sandstone and a silica sol solution with the mass concentration of 5% in proportion, firstly stirring the coal gangue and the sandstone in a stirrer for 30min, then slowly dropwise adding the silica sol solution with the total mass of 7% of the coal gangue and the sandstone in the stirring process, and continuously stirring uniformly to obtain a mixture;
s2, placing the mixture obtained in the step S1 into a mold, forming a green body with the size of 10cm x 20cm x 5.5cm by utilizing the pressure of a press, placing the green body into a room, drying the green body in the shade for 24 hours, then placing the green body into a drying room, drying the green body at 65 ℃ for 9 hours, and then placing the green body into a sintering plate and sending the green body into a kiln together for sintering; the firing mode is as follows: the temperature is between room temperature and 900 ℃, the heating rate is 10 ℃/min, and the temperature is maintained at 900 ℃ for 30 min; heating to the firing temperature of 1130 ℃ at 900 ℃, keeping the temperature at 1130 ℃ at the heating rate of 10 ℃/min for 30min, and then naturally cooling to the room temperature to obtain the finished sponge brick.
Experiments prove that the compressive strength of the sponge brick prepared in the example 3 is 65.8MPa, and the water retention rate is 15.7L/m 2 The water permeability is 64.5Kg/m 2 ·min。
Example 4
The coal gangue sandstone sponge brick is prepared by firing the following raw materials in percentage by mass: 40% of coal gangue, 60% of sandstone, and 7% of binder solution of the total mass of the coal gangue and the sandstone. Wherein the granularity of the coal gangue and the granularity of the sandstone are respectively 8-20 meshes; the binder is composed of polyvinyl alcohol with mass concentration of 3% and silica sol solution with mass concentration of 5% in half.
The preparation method of the coal gangue sandstone sponge brick comprises the following steps:
s1, weighing coal gangue, sandstone, polyvinyl alcohol with the mass concentration of 3% and silica sol solution with the mass concentration of 5% in proportion, firstly stirring the coal gangue and the sandstone in a stirrer for 30min, then slowly dropwise adding a mixed solution containing the polyvinyl alcohol with the mass concentration of 3% and the silica sol with the mass concentration of 5% in the coal gangue and the sandstone, which is 7% of the total mass of the coal gangue and the sandstone, and continuously stirring uniformly to obtain a mixture;
s2, placing the mixture obtained in the step S1 into a container, utilizing a press to press and form a green body with the size of 10cm x 20cm x 5.5cm, placing the green body into a drying room to be dried in the shade for 24 hours, then placing the green body into a drying room to be dried for 12 hours at the temperature of 60 ℃, and then placing the green body into a sintering plate to be together sent into a kiln to be sintered; the firing mode is as follows: the temperature is between room temperature and 900 ℃, the heating rate is 10 ℃/min, and the temperature is maintained at 900 ℃ for 30 min; heating to the firing temperature of 1130 ℃ at 900 ℃, keeping the temperature at 1150 ℃ for 30min at the heating rate of 10 ℃/min, and naturally cooling to the room temperature to obtain the finished sponge brick.
Experiments prove that the compressive strength of the sponge brick prepared in the example 4 is 75.8MPa, and the water retention rate is 14.6L/m 2 The water permeability is 60.5Kg/m 2 ·min。
Example 5
The coal gangue sandstone sponge brick is prepared by firing the following raw materials in percentage by mass: 30 percent of coal gangue, 70 percent of sandstone, and 6 percent of binder solution of the total mass of the coal gangue and the sandstone. Wherein the granularity of the coal gangue and the granularity of the sandstone are respectively 8-20 meshes; the binder is a silica sol solution with the mass concentration of 5%.
The preparation method of the coal gangue sandstone sponge brick comprises the following steps:
s1, weighing the coal gangue, the sandstone and a silica sol solution with the mass concentration of 5% in proportion, firstly stirring the coal gangue and the sandstone in a stirrer for 30min, then slowly dropwise adding the silica sol solution with the total mass of 6% of the coal gangue and the sandstone in the stirring process, and continuously stirring uniformly to obtain a mixture;
s2, placing the mixture obtained in the step S1 into a mold, forming a green body with the size of 10cm x 20cm x 5.5cm by utilizing the pressure of a press, placing the green body into a room, drying the green body in the shade for 24 hours, then placing the green body into a drying room, drying the green body at the temperature of 60 ℃ for 11 hours, and then placing the green body into a sintering plate and sending the green body into a kiln together for sintering; the firing mode is as follows: the temperature is between room temperature and 900 ℃, the heating rate is 10 ℃/min, and the temperature is maintained at 900 ℃ for 30 min; heating to the firing temperature of 1130 ℃ at 900 ℃, keeping the temperature at 1150 ℃ for 30min at the heating rate of 10 ℃/min, and naturally cooling to the room temperature to obtain the finished sponge brick.
Experiments prove that the compressive strength of the sponge brick prepared in the example 5 is 68.8MPa, and the water retention rate is 12.7L/m 2 The water permeability is 58.5Kg/m 2 ·min。
Example 6
The coal gangue sandstone sponge brick is prepared by firing the following raw materials in percentage by mass: 100% sandstone with the addition of 7% binder solution. Wherein the granularity of the sandstone is 8-20 meshes; the binder is a silica sol solution with the mass concentration of 5%.
The preparation method of the coal gangue sandstone sponge brick comprises the following steps:
s1, weighing sandstone, slowly dropwise adding a silica sol solution in the stirring process, and stirring for 30min to obtain a uniformly dispersed mixture;
s2, placing the mixture obtained in the step S1 into a mold, utilizing a press to press and form a green body with the size of 10cm x 20cm x 5.5cm, placing the green body into a drying room to be dried in the shade for 24 hours, then placing the green body into a drying room to be dried for 12 hours at 50 ℃, and then placing the green body into a sintering plate to be together sent into a kiln to be sintered; the firing mode is as follows: the temperature is between room temperature and 900 ℃, the heating rate is 10 ℃/min, and the temperature is maintained at 900 ℃ for 30 min; heating to the firing temperature of 1130 ℃ at 900 ℃, keeping the temperature at 1160 ℃ for 30min at the heating rate of 10 ℃/min, and then naturally cooling to the room temperature to obtain the finished product of the sponge brick.
Experiments prove that the compressive strength of the sponge brick prepared in the example 6 is 69.8MPa, and the water retention rate is 11.7L/m 2 The water permeability is 61.5Kg/m 2 ·min。
Therefore, the coal gangue of the jin coal group and the sandstone of the Yangzhi local area are used as raw materials, the two raw materials are bonded by using the binder and are formed into a sponge green brick by using pressure, the green brick is fired at 1120-1180 ℃, a liquid phase is generated on the surface of sandstone particles at high temperature, other particles are bonded, the skeleton structure of the sandstone particles is kept, pores are left after the coal remaining in the coal gangue is fired, and communicated zigzag holes are formed in the whole brick, so that the finished product has high compressive strength and good water-retaining property, the comprehensive utilization of solid waste resources and the waste change into valuable are realized, and the environment-friendly ceramic material with high added value is prepared.
It should be noted that, when the present invention relates to numerical ranges, it should be understood that two endpoints of each numerical range and any value between the two endpoints can be selected, and since the steps and methods adopted are the same as those in the embodiment, in order to prevent redundancy, the present invention describes a preferred embodiment. While preferred embodiments of the present invention have been described, additional variations and modifications in those embodiments may occur to those skilled in the art once they learn of the basic inventive concepts. Therefore, it is intended that the appended claims be interpreted as including preferred embodiments and all such alterations and modifications as fall within the scope of the invention.
It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various changes and modifications may be made in the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. Thus, if such modifications and variations of the present invention fall within the scope of the claims of the present invention and their equivalents, the present invention is also intended to include such modifications and variations.
Claims (8)
1. The coal gangue sandstone sponge brick is characterized by being prepared by firing the following raw materials in percentage by mass:
50-80% of coal gangue and 20-50% of sandstone, wherein the total mass of the coal gangue and the sandstone is 6-8%;
the preparation method of the coal gangue sandstone sponge brick comprises the following steps:
s1, weighing the coal gangue, the sandstone and the binder in proportion, firstly, uniformly stirring the coal gangue and the sandstone, then slowly dropwise adding the binder in the stirring process, and continuously and uniformly stirring to obtain a mixture;
s2, placing the mixture obtained in the step S1 into a mold, forming a green body by utilizing the pressure of a press, drying the green body after the green body is placed in a room and dried in the shade, and then placing the green body into a firing plate to be fired to obtain the sponge brick;
in S2, the firing method is: firstly, from room temperature to 900 ℃, the heating rate is 10 ℃/min, and the temperature is kept for 30 min; and then, continuously heating to the firing temperature of 1120-1180 ℃, keeping the temperature for 30min at the heating rate of 10 ℃/min, and cooling to the room temperature.
2. The coal gangue sandstone sponge brick of claim 1, wherein the particle size of the coal gangue and the sandstone is 8-20 meshes respectively.
3. The coal gangue sandstone sponge brick of claim 1, wherein the binder is one or more of polyvinyl alcohol, hydroxypropyl cellulose, carboxymethyl cellulose, and silica sol.
4. The coal gangue sandstone sponge brick of claim 3, wherein the mass concentration of the binder solution is 2-5%.
5. The coal gangue sandstone sponge brick of claim 1, wherein in S2, the press pressure is 25-35 MPa, and the green body has a dimension of 10cm by 20cm by 5.5 cm.
6. The coal gangue sandstone sponge brick of claim 1, wherein the drying time in the shade in S2 is greater than or equal to 24 h.
7. The coal gangue sandstone sponge brick as claimed in claim 1, wherein the drying temperature in S2 is 50-70 ℃ and the drying time is 8-12 h.
8. The coal gangue sandstone sponge brick of claim 1, wherein in S2, the firing plate is an apertured mullite plate.
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