CN113814598B - Method for installing furnace shell of ultra-large hot blast stove - Google Patents

Method for installing furnace shell of ultra-large hot blast stove Download PDF

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Publication number
CN113814598B
CN113814598B CN202111265009.1A CN202111265009A CN113814598B CN 113814598 B CN113814598 B CN 113814598B CN 202111265009 A CN202111265009 A CN 202111265009A CN 113814598 B CN113814598 B CN 113814598B
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China
Prior art keywords
furnace shell
furnace
section
shell
temporary
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CN113814598A (en
Inventor
李震
刘桓龙
曹辉
李金臣
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Shanghai Baoye Group Corp Ltd
Shanghai Baoye Metallurgy Engineering Co Ltd
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Shanghai Baoye Group Corp Ltd
Shanghai Baoye Metallurgy Engineering Co Ltd
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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23KSOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K37/00Auxiliary devices or processes, not specially adapted to a procedure covered by only one of the preceding main groups
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23KSOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K31/00Processes relevant to this subclass, specially adapted for particular articles or purposes, but not covered by only one of the preceding main groups
    • B23K31/02Processes relevant to this subclass, specially adapted for particular articles or purposes, but not covered by only one of the preceding main groups relating to soldering or welding
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23KSOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K37/00Auxiliary devices or processes, not specially adapted to a procedure covered by only one of the preceding main groups
    • B23K37/04Auxiliary devices or processes, not specially adapted to a procedure covered by only one of the preceding main groups for holding or positioning work

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Optics & Photonics (AREA)
  • Furnace Housings, Linings, Walls, And Ceilings (AREA)

Abstract

The application discloses a method for installing a furnace shell of an ultra-large hot blast stove, which comprises the following steps: and (3) arranging the blocks of the first-section furnace shell on an assembly platform, assembling and welding according to the furnace shell marks on the assembly platform, and finishing the installation of the first-section furnace shell. The segments of the furnace bottom ring beam are arranged and fixed on the assembly platform according to ring beam marks on the assembly platform, and the segments are welded to finish the installation of the furnace bottom ring beam. And (3) assembling and welding the next section of furnace shell in a blocking way, then placing the furnace shell above the installed furnace shell, positioning and welding the furnace shell with the installed furnace shell, completing the installation of the next section of furnace shell, and repeating the steps until the installation of all the furnace shells is completed. The method is safe and reliable through field use, and solves the problems that the construction cannot be performed due to the fact that a steel factory is narrow in construction site, more barriers exist in the site, the construction environment is complex, the weight of a component is relatively large, the overall dimension is relatively large, and the like. The construction period is ensured, the potential safety hazard caused by complex environment is avoided, and the construction quality is ensured.

Description

Method for installing furnace shell of ultra-large hot blast stove
Technical Field
The application relates to the field of installation of stove shells of hot blast stoves, in particular to an installation method of a stove shell of an ultra-large hot blast stove.
Background
The ultra-large hot blast stove shell of the blast furnace engineering of a certain steel factory is installed, the maximum inner diameter of the hot blast stove shell is about 12m, the thickness of the stove shell is 25 mm-36 mm, the height of the stove body is 40m, 20 bands are divided altogether, and the weight is about 1200 tons. But the construction site is narrow, more barriers exist in the site, the construction environment is complex, the weight of the components is relatively large, the overall dimension is relatively large, the construction stagnation is caused, the project construction period is influenced, and meanwhile, the quality and safety risks are caused by relatively complex environment stagnation for a long time.
Content of the application
The application provides a method for installing a furnace shell of an ultra-large hot blast stove, which can solve the problems that a steel mill has a small construction site, more barriers in the site, complex construction environment, a relatively large weight of components, a relatively large external dimension causes that engineering cannot be performed, and the like.
The embodiment of the application provides a method for installing a furnace shell of an ultra-large hot blast stove, which comprises the following steps: and (3) arranging the blocks of the first-section furnace shell on an assembly platform, assembling and welding according to the furnace shell marks on the assembly platform, and finishing the installation of the first-section furnace shell. The segments of the furnace bottom ring beam are arranged and fixed on the assembly platform according to ring beam marks on the assembly platform, and the segments are welded to finish the installation of the furnace bottom ring beam. And (3) assembling and welding the next section of furnace shell in a blocking way, then placing the furnace shell above the installed furnace shell, positioning and welding the furnace shell with the installed furnace shell, completing the installation of the next section of furnace shell, and repeating the steps until the installation of all the furnace shells is completed.
In some embodiments, after the block assembly of the first-stage furnace shell is completed, measuring the ovality and the levelness of the first-stage furnace shell, and enabling the ovality and the levelness of the first-stage furnace shell to meet design requirements, and after the block welding of the first-stage furnace shell is completed, measuring the ovality and the levelness of the first-stage furnace shell again, and ensuring that the ovality and the levelness of the first-stage furnace shell meet the design requirements.
In some embodiments, after the first-section furnace shell is assembled in a blocking manner and the ovality and levelness of the first-section furnace shell meet the design requirements, the first-section furnace shell is positioned by adopting a positioning bracket.
In some of these embodiments, the pedestal pier is positioned on the assembly platform prior to placing the segments on the assembly platform such that the top of the pedestal pier reaches the horizontal elevation of the furnace floor ring beam.
In some of these embodiments, anchor bolts are provided on the grout pier, by which the segments are secured to the assembly platform.
In some of these embodiments, a temporary positioning fixture is provided on the inside top of the finished furnace shell before the next section of furnace shell is placed over the finished furnace shell, such that the next section of furnace shell is in limiting contact with the temporary positioning fixture when positioned with the installed furnace shell, and the temporary positioning fixture is removed after the next section of furnace shell is welded to the finished furnace shell.
In some of these embodiments, a temporary adjustment fixture is provided on top of the inside of the finished furnace shell before the next section of furnace shell is placed over the finished furnace shell, such that the next section of furnace shell is in limited contact with the temporary adjustment fixture via a punch when positioned with the installed furnace shell, and the temporary adjustment fixture is removed after the next section of furnace shell is welded to the finished furnace shell.
In some of these embodiments, a temporary positioning jig and a temporary adjustment jig are provided on top of the inside of the completed furnace shell before the next furnace shell is placed over the completed furnace shell, and the temporary positioning jig and the temporary adjustment jig are respectively located on both sides of the opposite arrangement in the horizontal direction, so that the first side is in limiting contact with the temporary positioning jig when the next furnace shell is positioned with the installed furnace shell, the second side is in limiting contact with the temporary adjustment jig via a punch, and the temporary positioning jig and the temporary adjustment jig are removed after the welding of the next furnace shell with the completed furnace shell is completed.
In some of these embodiments temporary scaffolding is provided on both the inside and outside of the next section of furnace shell before it is placed over the completed furnace shell, and after installation of all furnace shells is completed, the temporary scaffolding is removed.
In some of these embodiments, after the welding of the next section of furnace shell to the installed furnace shell is completed, the ovality and levelness of the next section of furnace shell are measured, and it is ensured that both the ovality and the levelness of the next section of furnace shell meet the design requirements.
According to the embodiment of the application, the method for installing the furnace shell of the ultra-large hot blast stove comprises the following steps of: and (3) arranging the blocks of the first-section furnace shell on an assembly platform, assembling and welding according to the furnace shell marks on the assembly platform, and finishing the installation of the first-section furnace shell. The segments of the furnace bottom ring beam are arranged and fixed on the assembly platform according to ring beam marks on the assembly platform, and the segments are welded to finish the installation of the furnace bottom ring beam. And (3) assembling and welding the next section of furnace shell in a blocking way, then placing the furnace shell above the installed furnace shell, positioning and welding the furnace shell with the installed furnace shell, completing the installation of the next section of furnace shell, and repeating the steps until the installation of all the furnace shells is completed. The method is safe and reliable through field use, and solves the problems that the construction cannot be performed due to the fact that a steel factory is narrow in construction site, more barriers exist in the site, the construction environment is complex, the weight of a component is relatively large, the overall dimension is relatively large, and the like. The construction period is guaranteed, potential safety hazards caused by complex environments are avoided, the construction quality is guaranteed, and project cost is saved.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the application or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings that are necessary for the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described, it being obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the application and that other drawings may be obtained from them without inventive effort for a person skilled in the art.
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of the installation of a first-stage furnace shell in an embodiment of the application;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of the installation of a furnace bottom ring beam in an embodiment of the application;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of the installation of a first side of a next section of furnace shell in an embodiment of the application;
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of the installation of the second side of the next furnace shell in an embodiment of the application;
FIG. 5 is an overall schematic of the next section of furnace shell and scaffold in an embodiment of the application;
FIG. 6 is a schematic cross-sectional view of the next section of furnace shell and scaffold in an embodiment of the application;
fig. 7 is a schematic view showing the installation of the respective furnace shells in the embodiment of the present application.
Detailed description of the preferred embodiments
The present application will be described in further detail with reference to the drawings and examples, in order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present application more apparent. It should be understood that the detailed description and specific examples are intended for purposes of illustration only and are not intended to limit the scope of the application.
Referring to fig. 1-7, an embodiment of the application provides a method for installing a stove housing of an ultra-large hot blast stove, comprising the following steps:
step one, the blocks 10 of the first-section furnace shell 1 are all arranged on the assembly platform 2, and are assembled and welded according to furnace shell marks on the assembly platform 2, so that the installation of the first-section furnace shell is completed.
Wherein, the stove shell of the hot blast stove can be divided into 20 sections.
Before the block 10 of the first-stage furnace shell 1 is placed on the assembly platform 2, a steel plate lifting lug 3 can be arranged on the block 10 of the first-stage furnace shell 1. The arrangement mode can be four-point arrangement, so that the lifting is convenient. The gauge of the steel plate lifting lug 3 may be 25mm. The steel plate lifting lug 3 can be welded on the segment 10 of the first-stage furnace shell 1. At this time, the segments 10 of the first-stage furnace shell 1 may be placed on the assembly platform 2 by hoisting.
After the segments 10 of the first-stage furnace shell 1 are placed on the assembly platform 2, the segments 10 of the first-stage furnace shell 1 can be reinforced to prevent the segments 10 of the first-stage furnace shell 1 from toppling over.
Furnace shell markings may include four-core markings and loft sizing lines.
After the block 10 of the first-stage furnace shell 1 is assembled, the ovality (represented as R1 and R2 in fig. 1) and the levelness (represented as F1 in fig. 1) of the first-stage furnace shell 1 can be measured, and the ovality and the levelness of the first-stage furnace shell 1 can meet the design requirements. The ovality and levelness of the first-stage furnace shell 1 can be measured by means of a measuring frame 4 arranged on the assembly platform 2.
After the block 10 of the first-section furnace shell 1 is assembled and the ovality and levelness of the first-section furnace shell 1 reach the design requirements, the positioning support can be used for positioning the first-section furnace shell.
After the welding of the segments 10 of the first-stage furnace shell 1 is completed, the ovality (denoted as R1 and R2 in fig. 1) and the levelness (denoted as F1 in fig. 1) of the first-stage furnace shell 1 can be measured again, and both the ovality and the levelness of the first-stage furnace shell 1 are ensured to meet the design requirements. The ovality and levelness of the first-stage furnace shell 1 can be measured with a measuring frame 4 arranged on the assembly platform 2.
And step two, arranging and fixing the segments of the furnace bottom ring beam 5 on the assembly platform 2 according to ring beam marks on the assembly platform 2, and welding the segments to finish the installation of the furnace bottom ring beam 5.
The number of segments of the furnace bottom ring beam 5 may be six.
Before the segments are placed on the assembly platform 2, a seat pulp pier can be arranged on the assembly platform 2, and the top of the seat pulp pier reaches the horizontal elevation of the furnace bottom ring beam 5. Optionally, the standard of the seat pulp pier is 500×200×50, 30 groups in total, the seat strength is not lower than 40Mpa, 4 groups of steel plates 6,4 groups of steel plates with the standard of 400×16×150 are placed at the top in four directions of 0 degree, 90 degrees, 180 degrees and 270 degrees respectively.
Foundation bolts 7 may be provided on the slurry pier, and the segments are fixed to the assembly platform 2 by means of the foundation bolts 7. For example, anchor bolts 7 extend through the segments and are connected to nuts 8.
Step three, the next section of furnace shell 9 is assembled in a blocking way and welded, then the furnace shell is arranged above the installed furnace shell, and is positioned and welded with the installed furnace shell, so that the installation of the next section of furnace shell 9 is completed, and the step is repeated until the installation of all the furnace shells is completed.
That is, the furnace shells except for the first furnace shell 1 are all installed in the following manner: the furnace shell segments are assembled and welded, then are arranged above the installed furnace shell, and are positioned and welded with the installed furnace shell, so that the installation of the furnace shell segments is completed. When the furnace shells are 20 sections in total, the next furnace shell 9 is represented as a twenty-th furnace shell of a second furnace shell 18, a third furnace shell 19 and a fourth furnace shell 20 … …, the installed furnace shells are represented as a furnace shell of a first furnace shell 1, a furnace shell composed of the second furnace shell 18 and the first furnace shell 1, a furnace shell composed of the third furnace shell 19 and the first furnace shell 1 and the second furnace shell 18, a furnace shell … … formed of the fourth furnace shell 20 and the first furnace shell 1, a furnace shell … … formed of the second furnace shell 18 and the third furnace shell 19, a furnace shell composed of the nineteenth furnace shell and the first furnace shell 1, the second furnace shell 18, the third furnace shell 19 and the eighteenth furnace shell of the fourth furnace shell 20 … ….
After the next section of furnace shell 9 is assembled and welded in a blocking way, the ovality and the levelness of the next section of furnace shell 9 are measured, and the ovality and the levelness of the next section of furnace shell 9 meet the design requirements.
A steel plate lifting lug may be provided on the next furnace shell 9 before the next furnace shell 9 is placed over the installed furnace shell. At this point, the segments of the next section of furnace shell 9 may be placed over the installed furnace shell by lifting.
Furthermore, before the next furnace shell 9 is placed over the completed furnace shell, a temporary positioning jig 11 may be provided on the inside top of the completed furnace shell (i.e., the interface position of the installed furnace shell and the next furnace shell 9), which has a wedge-shaped guide structure so that the next furnace shell 9 comes into limiting contact with the temporary positioning jig 11 when positioned with the installed furnace shell, and the temporary positioning jig 11 is removed after the welding of the next furnace shell 9 with the completed furnace shell is completed.
And/or before the next furnace shell 9 is placed above the completed furnace shell, a temporary adjustment fixture 12, which is of an L-shaped structure, may be provided on the top of the inside of the completed furnace shell, so that the temporary adjustment fixture 12 is in limited contact with the punch 13 when the next furnace shell 9 is positioned with the installed furnace shell, and the temporary adjustment fixture 12 is removed after the welding of the next furnace shell 9 with the completed furnace shell is completed.
Preferably, before the next furnace shell 9 is placed over the completed furnace shell, a temporary positioning jig 11 and a temporary adjustment jig 12 may be provided on the top of the inside of the completed furnace shell, and the temporary positioning jig 11 and the temporary adjustment jig 12 are respectively located on both sides of the opposite arrangement in the horizontal direction, so that the first side is in spacing contact with the temporary positioning jig 11 when the next furnace shell 9 is positioned with the installed furnace shell, the second side is in spacing contact with the temporary adjustment jig 12 through the punch 13, and the temporary positioning jig 11 and the temporary adjustment jig 12 are removed after the welding of the next furnace shell 9 with the completed furnace shell is completed. At this time, the position of the furnace shell can be adjusted according to the requirements, and the double requirements of positioning and adjustment are met.
And before the next section of furnace shell 9 is placed above the finished furnace shell, temporary scaffolds 14 are arranged on the inner side and the outer side of the next section of furnace shell 9, and each temporary scaffold comprises a steel springboard 15, a tripod 16 and a safety rope 17 and is used for installation, adjustment, measurement and welding, so that potential safety hazards caused by the installation and welding of a traditional hanging basket are avoided, and influences such as incapability of measurement and inaccurate measurement data caused by narrow space influence are ensured. And after the installation of the complete furnace shell, the temporary scaffolding 14 is removed.
After the welding of the next furnace shell 9 to the installed furnace shell is completed, the ovality and levelness of the next furnace shell 9 are measured, and it is ensured that both the ovality (denoted as R3 in fig. 7) and levelness (denoted as F2 in fig. 7) of the next furnace shell 9 meet the design requirements. For example, after the welding of the fourth-stage furnace shell 20 to the installed furnace shell is completed, the ovality and levelness of the fourth-stage furnace shell 20 are measured, and it is ensured that both the ovality (denoted as R3 in fig. 7) and levelness (denoted as F2 in fig. 7) of the fourth-stage furnace shell 20 meet the design requirements. The ovality and levelness of the fourth stage furnace shell 20 can be measured by means of a measuring platform 21 arranged on the fourth stage furnace shell 20.
In addition, when the next section of furnace shell 9 is hoisted in place, in order to prevent the furnace shell from colliding with the assembling platform 2, after the positioning four-core marks on the furnace shell are aligned with the four-core marks on the assembling platform 2, the crane adopts a slow hook to be in place.
The same or similar reference numerals in the drawings of the present embodiment correspond to the same or similar components; in the description of the present application, it should be understood that, if there is an azimuth or positional relationship indicated by terms such as "upper", "lower", "left", "right", etc., based on the azimuth or positional relationship shown in the drawings, it is only for convenience of describing the present application and simplifying the description, but it is not indicated or implied that the apparatus or element referred to must have a specific azimuth, be constructed and operated in a specific azimuth, and thus terms describing the positional relationship in the drawings are merely illustrative and should not be construed as limitations of the present patent, and the detailed meanings of the terms described above may be understood by those skilled in the art depending on the detailed description.
The foregoing description of the preferred embodiments of the application is not intended to be limiting, but rather is intended to cover all modifications, equivalents, and alternatives falling within the spirit and principles of the application.

Claims (5)

1. The method for installing the furnace shell of the ultra-large hot blast stove is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
the method comprises the steps that all the blocks of a first-section furnace shell are arranged on an assembly platform, and the first-section furnace shell is assembled and welded according to furnace shell marks on the assembly platform, so that the first-section furnace shell is installed;
the segments of the furnace bottom ring beam are arranged and fixed on the assembling platform according to ring beam marks on the assembling platform, and the segments are welded to finish the installation of the furnace bottom ring beam;
the method comprises the steps of assembling and welding the next section of furnace shell in a blocking way, then placing the furnace shell above the installed furnace shell, positioning and welding the furnace shell with the installed furnace shell, completing the installation of the next section of furnace shell, and repeating the steps until the installation of all the furnace shells is completed;
before the next section of furnace shell is placed above the finished furnace shell, a temporary positioning fixture and a temporary adjusting fixture are arranged at the top of the inner side of the finished furnace shell, and the temporary positioning fixture and the temporary adjusting fixture are respectively positioned at two sides which are oppositely arranged in the horizontal direction, so that a first side is in limiting contact with the temporary positioning fixture when the next section of furnace shell is positioned with the installed furnace shell, a second side is in limiting contact with the temporary adjusting fixture, and the temporary positioning fixture and the temporary adjusting fixture are removed after the next section of furnace shell is welded with the finished furnace shell; the temporary positioning fixture is provided with a wedge-shaped guide structure; the temporary adjusting clamp is of an L-shaped structure;
measuring the ovality and the levelness of the first-section furnace shell after the block assembly of the first-section furnace shell is completed, enabling the ovality and the levelness of the first-section furnace shell to meet the design requirements, measuring the ovality and the levelness of the first-section furnace shell again after the block welding of the first-section furnace shell is completed, and ensuring that the ovality and the levelness of the first-section furnace shell meet the design requirements;
after the first-section furnace shell is assembled in a blocking way and the ovality and levelness of the first-section furnace shell reach the design requirements, the first-section furnace shell is positioned by adopting a positioning bracket.
2. A method for installing a very large hot blast stove outer shell according to claim 1, wherein,
before the segments are placed on the assembly platform, a pulp pier is arranged on the assembly platform, and the top of the pulp pier reaches the horizontal elevation of the furnace bottom ring beam.
3. A method for installing a very large hot blast stove outer shell according to claim 2, wherein,
and the foundation bolts are arranged on the grout pier, and each segment is fixed on the assembly platform through the foundation bolts.
4. A method for installing a very large hot blast stove outer shell according to claim 1, wherein,
before the next section of furnace shell is placed above the finished furnace shell, temporary scaffolds are arranged on the inner side and the outer side of the next section of furnace shell, and after the installation of all the furnace shells is finished, the temporary scaffolds are removed.
5. A method for installing a very large hot blast stove outer shell according to claim 1, wherein,
after the welding of the next section of furnace shell and the installed furnace shell is completed, measuring the ovality and the levelness of the next section of furnace shell, and ensuring that the ovality and the levelness of the next section of furnace shell meet the design requirements.
CN202111265009.1A 2021-10-28 2021-10-28 Method for installing furnace shell of ultra-large hot blast stove Active CN113814598B (en)

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CN113814598B true CN113814598B (en) 2023-09-26

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Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN202162550U (en) * 2011-06-13 2012-03-14 武汉一冶钢结构有限责任公司 Adjusting positioning device for preassembling furnace shells
CN204939507U (en) * 2015-09-18 2016-01-06 中冶华天工程技术有限公司 Blast furnace bottom bilge construction
CN110656213A (en) * 2019-10-30 2020-01-07 陕西龙门钢铁有限责任公司 Blast furnace hot blast stove foundation air leakage repairing structure and construction method thereof
CN111451764A (en) * 2020-05-19 2020-07-28 中国十七冶集团有限公司 Staggered installation method for lower furnace shell of hot blast stove and equipment in stove
CN113025770A (en) * 2021-04-26 2021-06-25 中国二十二冶集团有限公司 Blast furnace hot blast stove shell assembling device and construction method thereof
CN113458716A (en) * 2021-05-31 2021-10-01 中国三冶集团有限公司 Cold pressing manufacturing method for bottom of furnace shell of Kalu golden top combustion type hot blast furnace

Patent Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN202162550U (en) * 2011-06-13 2012-03-14 武汉一冶钢结构有限责任公司 Adjusting positioning device for preassembling furnace shells
CN204939507U (en) * 2015-09-18 2016-01-06 中冶华天工程技术有限公司 Blast furnace bottom bilge construction
CN110656213A (en) * 2019-10-30 2020-01-07 陕西龙门钢铁有限责任公司 Blast furnace hot blast stove foundation air leakage repairing structure and construction method thereof
CN111451764A (en) * 2020-05-19 2020-07-28 中国十七冶集团有限公司 Staggered installation method for lower furnace shell of hot blast stove and equipment in stove
CN113025770A (en) * 2021-04-26 2021-06-25 中国二十二冶集团有限公司 Blast furnace hot blast stove shell assembling device and construction method thereof
CN113458716A (en) * 2021-05-31 2021-10-01 中国三冶集团有限公司 Cold pressing manufacturing method for bottom of furnace shell of Kalu golden top combustion type hot blast furnace

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