CN113814487B - Multi-line staggered-head grinding wheel for small-lead-angle threads and staggered-head thread grinding method - Google Patents

Multi-line staggered-head grinding wheel for small-lead-angle threads and staggered-head thread grinding method Download PDF

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Publication number
CN113814487B
CN113814487B CN202111076197.3A CN202111076197A CN113814487B CN 113814487 B CN113814487 B CN 113814487B CN 202111076197 A CN202111076197 A CN 202111076197A CN 113814487 B CN113814487 B CN 113814487B
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grinding
thread
grinding wheel
workpiece
wheel
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CN113814487A (en
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何理论
姜建国
李瑞光
侍威
张兆晶
黄玉平
田青
杨斌
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Beijing Research Institute of Precise Mechatronic Controls
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23G—THREAD CUTTING; WORKING OF SCREWS, BOLT HEADS, OR NUTS, IN CONJUNCTION THEREWITH
    • B23G1/00—Thread cutting; Automatic machines specially designed therefor
    • B23G1/36—Thread cutting; Automatic machines specially designed therefor by grinding
    • B23G1/40—Thread cutting; Automatic machines specially designed therefor by grinding with grinding discs guided radially to the workpiece
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
    • B24B—MACHINES, DEVICES, OR PROCESSES FOR GRINDING OR POLISHING; DRESSING OR CONDITIONING OF ABRADING SURFACES; FEEDING OF GRINDING, POLISHING, OR LAPPING AGENTS
    • B24B41/00—Component parts such as frames, beds, carriages, headstocks
    • B24B41/06—Work supports, e.g. adjustable steadies
    • B24B41/067—Work supports, e.g. adjustable steadies radially supporting workpieces
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
    • B24B—MACHINES, DEVICES, OR PROCESSES FOR GRINDING OR POLISHING; DRESSING OR CONDITIONING OF ABRADING SURFACES; FEEDING OF GRINDING, POLISHING, OR LAPPING AGENTS
    • B24B55/00—Safety devices for grinding or polishing machines; Accessories fitted to grinding or polishing machines for keeping tools or parts of the machine in good working condition
    • B24B55/02—Equipment for cooling the grinding surfaces, e.g. devices for feeding coolant
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
    • B24B—MACHINES, DEVICES, OR PROCESSES FOR GRINDING OR POLISHING; DRESSING OR CONDITIONING OF ABRADING SURFACES; FEEDING OF GRINDING, POLISHING, OR LAPPING AGENTS
    • B24B55/00—Safety devices for grinding or polishing machines; Accessories fitted to grinding or polishing machines for keeping tools or parts of the machine in good working condition
    • B24B55/06—Dust extraction equipment on grinding or polishing machines
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P70/00—Climate change mitigation technologies in the production process for final industrial or consumer products
    • Y02P70/10—Greenhouse gas [GHG] capture, material saving, heat recovery or other energy efficient measures, e.g. motor control, characterised by manufacturing processes, e.g. for rolling metal or metal working

Abstract

A small-lead-angle thread multi-line staggered-head grinding wheel and a staggered-head thread grinding method are disclosed, the small-lead-angle thread staggered-head grinding method is characterized in that a grinding wheel and a workpiece move in a spiral motion relatively, the grinding wheel does not need to swing to form an angle with a Z axis of a grinding machine in the grinding process, the workpiece and the grinding wheel move relatively to keep the workpiece rotating for one circle, and the grinding wheel moves for one thread lead along the Z axis of the grinding machine. The ingenious design is to the multi-thread emery wheel of little lead angle thread processing, and grinding process emery wheel grinding sword and the wrong first contact of work piece screw thread, contact interval and inner space increase, and the coolant liquid of being convenient for gets into grinding friction interface, and reinforcing cooling and abrasive dust discharge promote the screw thread grinding precision. The designed multi-line grinding wheel and the method can be simultaneously used for high-efficiency processing of internal threads and external threads. When the grinding method is used for grinding the threads of the planetary roller screw with the small lift angle, the high-precision thread profile is kept to be as high as the axis of a grinding wheel, and the problem that multi-line grinding is difficult to adopt for internal thread grinding is solved.

Description

Multi-line staggered-head grinding wheel for small-lead-angle threads and staggered-head thread grinding method
Technical Field
The invention relates to a multi-line grinding wheel for small-lift-angle threads and a method for grinding staggered threads, belonging to the field of mechanical manufacture.
Background
The multi-line grinding wheel thread grinding is developed on the basis of single-line grinding wheel grinding, is an important synergistic process in thread machining, and although the grinding efficiency is greatly improved, in the grinding wheel grinding process, a plurality of tooth grooves of the grinding wheel participate in grinding, the grinding force is increased, the grinding heat is increased, the grinding wheel abrasion is accelerated, in order to ensure the thread machining precision, the grinding process needs to be fully cooled, and the grinding wheel needs to be frequently dressed. In order to obtain better tooth form precision, when a thread is ground by a thread grinding machine, a grinding wheel swing angle which is the same as a lead angle of the ground thread needs to be provided so as to realize that a shape modification profile of a grinding wheel is consistent with a normal profile of the thread. The grinding method has very high requirements on the shape-correcting capability of the grinding wheel, the height of the grinding wheel and the axis of a workpiece, the tool setting of the grinding wheel, the rigidity of a grinding system and a grinding cooling system, and because the multi-thread grinding is difficult to realize at the same time, the multi-thread grinding is only used for rough machining and semi-finish machining all the time.
With the development of a CNC (computerized numerical control) system, the defect of the traditional grinding machine in repairing the multi-line grinding wheel is overcome by the high-precision insertion repairing function, so that the thread grinding machine does not depend on a forming roller any more, and the thread grinding of the multi-line grinding wheel also becomes one of the choices of thread precision machining. Although the bottleneck of multi-thread grinding is not restricted by the precise dressing of the grinding wheel, the problems of grinding burn, reduction of grinding precision and unbalance of grinding force caused by that cooling liquid is difficult to enter a grinding area due to dense grinding tooth sockets in the multi-thread grinding wheel thread grinding are difficult to solve. The traditional thread grinding of the swing angle of the grinding wheel still has the problems of high rigorous requirements on the axes of the grinding wheel and a workpiece and the like when multi-thread grinding is adopted, and the problem that multi-thread grinding cannot be adopted for internal threads, and the development of multi-thread grinding is also restricted.
Disclosure of Invention
The technical problem solved by the invention is as follows: the defects of the prior art are overcome, and a small-lift-angle thread multi-line grinding wheel and a staggered head grinding method are provided; based on a grinding method that the axis of a grinding wheel and the axis of a workpiece are parallel to the Z axis of a grinding machine, the grinding wheel and the workpiece move in a spiral motion relatively, the multi-line grinding wheel with a small lift angle and a small pitch thread is designed, the thread is ground in a staggered head mode, high-efficiency multi-line grinding of the planetary roller screw is achieved, and the problem of high-efficiency machining of internal and external threads of a typical part of the planetary roller screw is solved. When the grinding method is used for grinding the threads of the planetary roller screw with the small lift angle at high precision, the contour of the high-precision threads is kept to be as high as the axis of a grinding wheel, the size of the pitch diameter of the threads is only influenced, and the problem that multi-line grinding is extremely difficult to adopt for internal thread grinding is solved.
The technical scheme of the invention is as follows: a method for grinding a staggered thread comprises the following steps:
1) mounting a grinding wheel on a grinding wheel headstock of a grinding machine, wherein the axis Z of the grinding wheel is parallel to the axis Z of the grinding machine; flattening the outer circle of the grinding wheel by using a diamond pen, and measuring the outer circle runout of the grinding wheel around the axis z of the grinding wheel at different rotating speeds n by using a dial indicator until the circle runout is smaller than a threshold value;
2) clamping a workpiece on a workpiece headstock of a thread grinding machine through a clamp, adjusting the outer circle and the end face of the workpiece to jump around a C shaft, and enabling the axis of the workpiece to be parallel to a Z shaft of the grinding machine;
3) moving the relative position of the grinding wheel and the workpiece along the z direction and the radial x direction of the grinding wheel axis, evaluating whether the machining motion stroke of the grinding wheel meets the machining requirement, if so, entering the step 4), and otherwise, repeating the steps 1) and 3) until the requirement is met;
4) utilizing a diamond disc wheel or a diamond forming roller to shape the grinding wheel, wherein the shape of the shape is related to the tooth form, the thread pitch and the number of heads of the thread of the workpiece;
5) moving the grinding wheel along the X axial direction of the machine tool until the outer contour of the grinding wheel is contacted with the inner hole surface of the workpiece; moving the grinding wheel along the Z direction of the machine tool until the end part of the left side of the grinding wheel contacts with the end surface of the right side of the workpiece, recording X-axis and Z-axis coordinate values of the contact of the grinding wheel and the workpiece as a tool setting starting point, and taking a position which is away from the tool setting starting point in the Z-axis negative direction as a grinding starting point;
6) the grinding wheel and the workpiece are driven to move relatively, the motion mode is that the workpiece rotates around a C shaft at a rotating speed n, and meanwhile, the grinding wheel does linear motion with a motion speed f along a Z shaft of the grinding machine, so that the workpiece rotates for one circle, and the grinding wheel moves for a thread lead along the Z shaft of the grinding machine; when the grinding wheel moves to a certain processing length along the Z-axis direction of the grinding machine, the grinding wheel returns to the grinding starting point;
7) after the grinding wheel is fed and moved for a certain value along the X-axis direction, thread machining is continued according to the step 5) until the pitch diameter of the machined thread meets the design requirement; then loosening the fixture and taking down the workpiece;
8) and repeating the steps 2) -7) to process the next workpiece.
The threshold is 0.001 mm.
The clamp is in a clamping jaw type and is used for grinding an internal thread workpiece, or a tip jacking structure is used for grinding an external thread workpiece.
The workpiece is an internal thread workpiece or an external thread workpiece.
The number m of grinding edges of the grinding wheel and the number n of thread heads of a threaded workpiece can be the same or different, and the profiles of the m grinding edges can be the same or different.
The axial distribution of the m grinding edges follows the following conditions:
Figure BDA0003262341970000031
wherein S represents a thread lead; i. j is an integer greater than zero; m is the number of grinding edges of the grinding wheel; n is the number of the thread heads of the workpiece; l is 0 Indicating the distance of the first grinding edge from the end of the grinding wheel; l is i The distance of the ith grinding edge from the end of the grinding wheel is shown.
The grinding wheel has a profile consistent with the profile of the thread profile of the workpiece to be ground for grinding the thread with a lead angle smaller than 3 degrees; for the threads with grinding helix angles larger than 3 degrees, the profile of the grinding wheel is reversely calculated according to the envelope principle of the thread grinding process.
When the number of the thread heads of the workpiece is 1, the number m of the grinding edges of the grinding wheel is adjusted according to the width of the grinding wheel and is 1 or any integer larger than 1; when the grinding wheel grinding edge number m is more than 1, the grinding edge distance is positive integral multiple of the thread pitch of the workpiece, and the diameters of the grinding edges are equal in height or gradually increase.
When the grinding wheel grinds the edge number m>1, the diameter D of the jth grinding edge is satisfied j Smaller than the (j + 1) th grinding edge diameter D j +1 wherein (D) m -D 0 ) And/2 is not more than the full thread height of the workpiece thread.
The small-diameter end of the grinding edge of the grinding wheel is the first grinding end of the thread grinding.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the advantages that:
1) compared with the traditional thread grinding method, the grinding method and the multi-line grinding wheel disclosed by the invention can be suitable for grinding internal threads and external threads, the universality is better, and the grinding efficiency is obviously improved;
2) the multi-line grinding wheel thread grinding method does not need the workpiece to be as high as the grinding wheel axis, and can obtain higher thread profile precision;
3) the staggered-head multi-line grinding wheel has obvious advantages in small-pitch thread grinding, the grinding contact distance is increased, cooling liquid can conveniently enter a grinding friction interface, the cooling and abrasive dust discharging effects can be enhanced, and the grinding precision is favorably improved.
4) According to the invention, the tooth height distribution height can be conveniently adjusted aiming at the staggered-head multi-line grinding wheel of the single-head thread, coarse and fine grinding can be realized through one-time dressing, and the grinding precision and efficiency are both considered.
Drawings
Figure 1 is a schematic view of a method for grinding a staggered head of an internal thread,
fig. 2 is a schematic view of the external thread staggered-head grinding multi-line grinding wheel.
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of a single-thread grinding wheel with different heights for staggered head grinding.
Detailed Description
The specific structure of the present embodiment is described below in conjunction with several views.
Fig. 1 shows a method for grinding a wrong-end thread, which comprises a grinding wheel 1, a workpiece 2 and a clamp 3, wherein the workpiece 2 is clamped on the clamp 3 of a thread grinding machine, the axis of the workpiece 2 is parallel to the Z axis of the grinding machine, and the axis of the grinding wheel 1 is parallel to the Z axis of the grinding machine, and the method is implemented in detail as follows:
1) mounting a grinding wheel 1 on a grinding wheel headstock of a grinding machine, wherein the axis Z of the grinding wheel 1 is parallel to the axis Z of the grinding machine; the excircle of the grinding wheel 1 is flattened by adopting a diamond pen, and a dial indicator is utilized to measure the different rotating speeds n of the grinding wheel 1 around the axis z thereof 1 The lower outer circle jumps until the circular jump is less than 0.001 mm;
2) clamping a workpiece 2 on a workpiece headstock of a thread grinding machine through a clamp 3, and adjusting the outer circle and the end face of the workpiece 2 to jump around a C axis and the axis of the workpiece 2 to be parallel to a Z axis of the grinding machine;
3) moving the relative position of the grinding wheel 1 and the workpiece 2 along the axis z direction and the radial x direction of the grinding wheel 1, evaluating whether the machining motion stroke of the grinding wheel 1 meets the machining requirement, if so, entering the step 4), otherwise, repeating the steps 1) and 3);
4) a grinding wheel dressing program is compiled, and a diamond disc wheel or a diamond forming roller is used for dressing the grinding wheel 1, wherein the dressing shape is related to the tooth form, the thread pitch and the number of heads of the thread of the workpiece 1;
5) moving the grinding wheel 1 along the X axial direction of the machine tool until the outer contour of the grinding wheel 1 is contacted with the inner hole surface of the workpiece 2; moving the grinding wheel 1 along the Z direction of the machine tool until the left end of the grinding wheel 1 is contacted with the right end face of the workpiece 2, and recording X-axis and Z-axis coordinate values of the grinding wheel 1 contacted with the workpiece 2 as a tool setting starting point;
6) a thread grinding program is compiled, the grinding wheel 1 and the workpiece 2 are driven to move relatively, the movement mode is that the workpiece (2) rotates around the C axis, the grinding wheel 1 makes linear motion along the Z axis of the grinding machine, the workpiece 1 is ensured to rotate for one circle, and the grinding wheel 1 moves for one thread lead along the Z axis of the grinding machine; when the grinding wheel 1 moves to a certain processing length along the Z-axis direction of the grinding machine, the grinding wheel 1 returns to the starting point of tool setting;
7) after the grinding wheel 1 is fed and moved for a certain value along the X-axis direction, thread machining is continued according to the step 5) until the pitch diameter of the machined thread meets the design requirement; then the fixture 3 is loosened, and the workpiece 2 is taken down;
8) and repeating the steps 2) -7) to process the next workpiece 2.
The clamp 3 can be in a clamping jaw type and used for grinding internal thread workpieces, and can also be in a tip supporting structure and used for grinding external thread workpieces.
The workpiece 2 may be an internal thread workpiece or an external thread workpiece.
Fig. 2 shows a grinding multi-line grinding wheel for grinding staggered heads of external threads, wherein the number m of grinding edges of the grinding wheel 1 and the number n of thread heads of a threaded workpiece 2 can be the same or different, and the profiles of m grinding edges can be the same or different; the axial distribution of the m grinding edges follows the following conditions:
Figure BDA0003262341970000051
wherein S represents a thread lead, i, j are integers greater than zero; m is the number of grinding edges of the grinding wheel; n is the number of the thread heads of the workpiece; l is 0 Indicating the distance of the first grinding edge from the end of the grinding wheel, L i The distance of the ith grinding edge from the end of the grinding wheel is shown.
The axial distribution of the grinding edges of the grinding wheel in fig. 2 is related to the number of the thread ends of the workpiece 2, typically, the number of the thread ends of the workpiece 2 is 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, and then the number of the thread ends ground by 5 grinding edges of the grinding wheel 1 is 1, 3, 5, 2, 4; if the number of the thread starts of the workpiece 2 is 1, 2, 3, the number of the grinding thread starts corresponding to the three grinding edges of the grinding wheel 1 is 1, 3, 2.
The grinding wheel described in figure 2 can be used for external thread grinding and internal thread grinding, and the external diameter of the grinding wheel is related to the diameter of a workpiece and the grinding wheel specification requirement of a grinding machine.
The profile of the grinding wheel in FIG. 2 is consistent with the profile of the thread profile of the workpiece to be ground for grinding threads with lead angles less than 3 degrees; for the threads with the grinding helix angle larger than 3 degrees, the profile needs to be reversely calculated according to the envelope principle of the thread grinding process.
Fig. 3 shows a grinding wheel for single-start thread staggered-start grinding, that is, when the number of starts of a thread used for a threaded workpiece 1 is 1, the number m of grinding edges of the grinding wheel 1 can be adjusted according to the width of the grinding wheel, and may be 1 or an arbitrary integer larger than 1. When the grinding wheel 1 grinds the edge number m>1, the distance between the grinding edges is positive integral multiple of the thread pitch of the workpiece 2 (the multiple is 1, 2 and 3 … …), the diameters of the grinding edges are equal in height or gradually increase, and the requirement of the diameter D of the jth grinding edge is met j Smaller than the diameter D of the (j + 1) th grinding edge j +1 wherein (D) m -D 0 ) And/2 is not greater than the full thread height of the thread of the workpiece 2.
The grinding edge profile with the largest diameter of the grinding wheel in fig. 3 is the final finish grinding profile, the grinding edge with the largest diameter has the same height, and can be 1 or more, and the height and the width of the rest grinding edges are smaller than those of the grinding edge with the largest diameter. The number of grinding edges may be 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, etc., the number of rotations being related to the width of the grinding wheel 1 and the structural limitations of the workpiece 2.
In the grinding wheel shown in fig. 3, the small diameter end of the grinding edge of the grinding wheel is the first grinding end of the thread grinding.
Although the present invention has been described with reference to the preferred embodiments, it is not intended to limit the present invention, and those skilled in the art can make variations and modifications of the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention.

Claims (4)

1. A method for grinding a staggered thread is characterized by comprising the following steps:
1) mounting a grinding wheel (1) on a grinding wheel headstock of a grinding machine, wherein the axis Z of the grinding wheel (1) is parallel to the axis Z of the grinding machine; the excircle of the grinding wheel (1) is flattened by adopting a diamond pen, and a dial indicator is utilized to measure the different rotating speeds n of the grinding wheel (1) around the axis z thereof 1 The lower outer circle jumps until the circle jump is smaller than a threshold value;
2) clamping a workpiece (2) on a workpiece headstock of a thread grinding machine through a clamp (3), adjusting the outer circle and the end face of the workpiece (2) to jump around a C shaft, and enabling the axis of the workpiece (2) to be parallel to a Z shaft of the grinding machine;
3) moving the relative position of the grinding wheel (1) and the workpiece (2) along the axis z direction and the radial x direction of the grinding wheel (1), evaluating whether the machining motion stroke of the grinding wheel (1) meets the machining requirement, if so, entering the step 4), otherwise, repeating the steps 1) and 3) until the requirement is met;
4) utilizing a diamond disc wheel or a diamond forming roller to shape the grinding wheel (1), wherein the shape of the shape is related to the tooth form, the thread pitch and the number of heads of the thread of the workpiece (2);
5) moving the grinding wheel (1) along the X axial direction of the machine tool until the outer contour of the grinding wheel (1) is contacted with the inner hole surface of the workpiece (2); moving the grinding wheel (1) along the Z direction of the machine tool until the left end of the grinding wheel (1) is contacted with the right end face of the workpiece (2), recording X-axis and Z-axis coordinate values of the grinding wheel (1) contacted with the workpiece (2) as tool setting starting points, and taking a position which is away from the tool setting starting points in the Z-axis negative direction as a grinding starting point;
6) the grinding wheel (1) and the workpiece (2) are driven to move relatively, the workpiece (2) rotates around a C shaft at a rotating speed n, the grinding wheel (1) does linear motion with a motion speed f along a Z shaft of the grinding machine, the workpiece (2) is guaranteed to rotate for one circle, and the grinding wheel (1) moves for a thread lead along the Z shaft of the grinding machine; when the grinding wheel (1) moves to a certain processing length along the Z-axis direction of the grinding machine, the grinding wheel (1) returns to the grinding starting point;
7) after the grinding wheel (1) is fed and moved for a certain value along the X-axis direction, thread machining is continued according to the step 5) until the pitch diameter of the machined thread meets the design requirement; then the clamp (3) is loosened, and the workpiece (2) is taken down;
8) repeating the steps 2) -7), and processing the next workpiece (2);
the number m of grinding edges of the grinding wheel (1) and the number n of thread heads of the threaded workpiece can be the same or different, and the profiles of the m grinding edges can be the same or different; and the axial distribution of the m grinding edges follows the following conditions:
Figure FDA0003712580660000021
wherein S represents a thread lead; i. j is an integer greater than zero; m is the number of grinding edges of the grinding wheel; n is the number of the thread heads of the workpiece; l is a radical of an alcohol 0 Indicating the distance of the first grinding edge from the end of the grinding wheel; l is a radical of an alcohol i The distance of the ith grinding edge from the end of the grinding wheel is shown;
for the threads with the grinding thread lead angle smaller than 3 degrees, the profile of the grinding wheel (1) is consistent with the profile of the thread tooth profile of the ground workpiece (2); for the threads with the grinding helix angle larger than 3 degrees, the profile of the grinding wheel (1) is reversely obtained according to the enveloping principle of the thread grinding process.
2. A method of grinding a wrong-start thread according to claim 1 wherein: the threshold is 0.001 mm.
3. A method of grinding a wrong-start thread according to claim 1 wherein: the clamp (3) is in a clamping jaw type and is used for grinding internal thread workpieces, or a tip jacking structure is used for grinding external thread workpieces.
4. A method of grinding a wrong-start thread according to claim 1 wherein: the workpiece (2) is an internal thread workpiece or an external thread workpiece.
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