CN113812424A - Novel plant source herbicide - Google Patents
Novel plant source herbicide Download PDFInfo
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- CN113812424A CN113812424A CN202111209558.7A CN202111209558A CN113812424A CN 113812424 A CN113812424 A CN 113812424A CN 202111209558 A CN202111209558 A CN 202111209558A CN 113812424 A CN113812424 A CN 113812424A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N65/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing material from algae, lichens, bryophyta, multi-cellular fungi or plants, or extracts thereof
- A01N65/08—Magnoliopsida [dicotyledons]
- A01N65/12—Asteraceae or Compositae [Aster or Sunflower family], e.g. daisy, pyrethrum, artichoke, lettuce, sunflower, wormwood or tarragon
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N65/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing material from algae, lichens, bryophyta, multi-cellular fungi or plants, or extracts thereof
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N65/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing material from algae, lichens, bryophyta, multi-cellular fungi or plants, or extracts thereof
- A01N65/08—Magnoliopsida [dicotyledons]
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- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A50/00—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE in human health protection, e.g. against extreme weather
- Y02A50/30—Against vector-borne diseases, e.g. mosquito-borne, fly-borne, tick-borne or waterborne diseases whose impact is exacerbated by climate change
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A90/00—Technologies having an indirect contribution to adaptation to climate change
- Y02A90/40—Monitoring or fighting invasive species
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Abstract
The invention discloses a novel plant-derived herbicide, which is characterized in that the raw material of the herbicide comprises south Africa wedelia chinensis, and plant water extract is prepared by a water extraction method and is used as the herbicide. The novel botanical herbicide disclosed by the invention is a natural plant extract, has no chemical additive, is non-toxic and easy to biodegrade, has an antibacterial and insect-repellent effect, adopts exotic invasive species as plant ingredients, effectively prevents and controls the inundation of the exotic invasive species while fully utilizing the value of the exotic invasive species, and is low in development cost, simple in preparation method and easy to popularize.
Description
Technical Field
The present invention relates to the field of herbicides. More particularly, the present invention relates to a novel plant-derived herbicide.
Background
The herbicide is widely applied to agriculture and forestry for weeding, can save a large amount of manpower, but most of the existing herbicides are chemical synthetic preparations, have high toxicity and phytotoxicity, and after the herbicide is sprayed, the components of the herbicide cannot be completely absorbed by weeds, most of the herbicide is dissociated in soil and absorbed by the soil and crops, so that the soil structure and the crop nutrition are damaged, and even the herbicide is absorbed by livestock and human bodies, and the immunity of organisms is reduced or pathological changes are caused. Therefore, there is a need to develop a non-toxic, harmless and environmentally friendly herbicide.
The botanical herbicide is a novel natural herbicide, inhibits the growth of weeds by utilizing the allelopathy of plants, is environment-friendly, and is non-toxic and harmless. The plant allelopathy refers to the beneficial or adverse effect of the metabolic activity of plants or microorganisms on other plants or microorganisms in the environment, and researches show that the plants release allelopathic substances into the environment mainly through different ways such as stem and leaf volatilization, leaching, root secretion, decay and decomposition of plant stumps and the like, and the growth and development of surrounding plants are influenced.
Wedelia trilobata (L.) Pruski is perennial herb of Compositae and Zealand, and has strong nutrition reproduction capability to continuously extend its population, and has strong allelopathy and rejection of different species, so that it can form a simple single population in a certain area, and is a harmful potential invasive species. In addition, the south American wedelia chinensis has a strong sterilization effect on certain pathogenic microorganisms.
Chenopodium ambrosioides (L.) Mosyakin et Clemants) is an annual or perennial herb, is 50-80 cm high, has strong fragrance, invades the species, is native to tropical America, is a dominant species or a group-building species of a weed community, has large population quantity, has low requirement on the growth environment, is easy to spread, has strong allelopathy on other plants, and has the effects of expelling parasites and killing insects.
The tithonia diversifolia A.Gray belongs to the tithonia adovidirsifolia of the Compositae, the external invasion species and native Mexico have antibacterial and antiviral effects, organic acid and phosphatase can be generated at the rhizosphere of the tithonia diversifolia and released into soil, the phosphorus effectiveness is increased, the soil humidity is increased, the physical properties of the soil are improved, the tithonia diversifolia can also accumulate high phosphorus and other nutrient elements even under the condition of soil fertility exhaustion, the green manure can supplement phosphorus lacking in the soil, in addition, aluminum ions in the soil are chelated with oxalate after being absorbed by the tithonia diversifolia, and the toxicity of aluminum to plants can be avoided.
Disclosure of Invention
An object of the present invention is to solve at least the above problems and to provide a novel plant-derived herbicide, which is a natural plant extract, has no chemical additives, is non-toxic, easily biodegradable, and has antibacterial and anthelmintic effects, and the plant ingredients of the herbicide are all foreign invasive species, and the herbicide effectively prevents and treats the flooding while making full use of the value of the foreign invasive species, and has low development cost and simple preparation method.
To achieve these objects and other advantages in accordance with the present invention, there is provided a novel plant-derived herbicide, the herbicide raw material comprising wedelia trilobata, the herbicide being prepared by a method comprising:
firstly, taking the stems and leaves of south African wedelia, cleaning, crushing and drying;
then, adding the dried stems and leaves of the south African wedelia chinensis into distilled water, soaking for 48 hours at room temperature, and filtering to obtain a plant water leaching liquor.
A novel plant source herbicide is prepared from south African wedelia chinensis as raw materials, and the preparation method of the herbicide comprises the following steps:
firstly, taking root parts of south Africa wedelia, cleaning, crushing and drying;
then, adding the dried south Africa wedeloa chinensis root system part into distilled water, soaking for 48h at room temperature, and filtering to obtain plant water leaching liquor.
A novel botanical herbicide is prepared from plant water extract of south African wedelia chinensis, swertia glabra and chenopodium ambrosioides as raw materials, wherein the raw materials comprise the following components in parts by weight: 5-8 parts of south African wedelia, 1-4 parts of tithonia diversifolia and 1-3 parts of chenopodium ambrosioides;
the plant water extract is obtained by the following steps:
firstly, respectively cleaning south African wedelia, swertia stems and leaves and chenopodium ambrosioides, crushing and drying;
then, mixing the dried south African wedelia chinensis, the dried swertia glabra and the dried chenopodium ambrosioides according to a certain mass ratio, adding distilled water, soaking for 48 hours at room temperature, and filtering to obtain the plant water leaching liquor.
Preferably, the raw material is broken into short pieces of less than 2 cm.
Preferably, the drying is carried out by adopting an electric heating oven at constant temperature, and the drying temperature is set to be 85 ℃.
Preferably, the south African wedelia chinensis, the swertia glabra and the chenopodium ambrosioides are prepared from the following components in parts by weight: 8 parts of south African wedelia, 1 part of amur stemona and 1 part of chenopodium ambrosioides.
Preferably, the south African wedelia chinensis, the swertia glabra and the chenopodium ambrosioides are prepared from the following components in parts by weight: 6 parts of south African wedelia, 1 part of amur stemona and 3 parts of chenopodium ambrosioides.
Preferably, the south African wedelia chinensis, the swertia glabra and the chenopodium ambrosioides are prepared from the following components in parts by weight: 6 parts of south African wedelia, 3 parts of swertia glabra and 1 part of chenopodium ambrosioides.
Preferably, the concentration of the plant water extract of the south African wedeloa chinensis, the swertia glabra and the chenopodium ambrosioides is 0.100g/ml, and the weeding effect is obvious.
The invention at least comprises the following beneficial effects:
1. the novel botanical herbicide disclosed by the invention takes stems, leaves or root systems of south African wedelia as raw materials, plant water leaching liquor prepared by a water leaching method is taken as the herbicide, and the growth and development of weeds are inhibited by the allelopathy of plants so as to achieve the purpose of weeding, wherein the herbicide is a natural plant extract, is free from chemical addition, is non-toxic and harmless, is easy to degrade and is environment-friendly; the composition component of the herbicide is the alien invasive species, the value of the alien invasive species is fully utilized, meanwhile, the flooding of the alien invasive species is effectively prevented, the development cost is low, the preparation method is simple, and the popularization is easy.
2. The novel botanical herbicide disclosed by the invention takes south African wedelia chinensis, tagetes chinensis and chenopodium ambrosioides as raw materials, plant water leaching liquor prepared by a water leaching method is taken as the herbicide, the growth and development of weeds are inhibited by the allelopathy of the plants so as to achieve the purpose of weeding, and the herbicide is a natural plant extract, is free from chemical addition, is non-toxic and harmless, is easy to degrade and is environment-friendly; in the raw materials of the herbicide, wedelia chinensis and tithonia diversifolia have the functions of bacteriostasis and sterilization, can inhibit harmful bacteria in soil and relieve the invasion of germs to planted crops, and the chenopodium ambrosioides in the herbicide has strong fragrance, has the functions of expelling insects and killing insects, can also expel insect pests in soil and is beneficial to the growth of the planted crops; the components of the herbicide are all invaded species, namely Wedelia trilobata, Ottelia japonica and Chenopodium ambrosioides, so that the value of the invaded species is fully utilized, the flooding of the Wedelia trilobata is effectively prevented, the development cost is low, the preparation method is simple, and the popularization is easy.
Additional advantages, objects, and features of the invention will be set forth in part in the description which follows and in part will become apparent to those having ordinary skill in the art upon examination of the following or may be learned from practice of the invention.
Detailed Description
The novel plant-derived herbicides of the present invention are specifically illustrated by the following examples. These examples are merely illustrative of the invention and are not intended to be limiting.
Example 1
1. Experimental methods
1.1 raw Material and recipient seed treatment
Selecting well-grown south Africa wedelia chinensis plant to uproot, and separating the overground part from the underground part, wherein the overground part comprises stems and leaves, and the underground part is a root system part. Cleaning aerial parts (stems and leaves) of Wedelia trilobata plants, cutting into short pieces smaller than 2cm with scissors, oven drying with electric oven at constant temperature, and setting temperature at 85 deg.C.
Selecting ryegrass and white clover seeds as receptor plants. Respectively selecting complete ryegrass and trifolium repens seeds with similar sizes, soaking the same in distilled water for 30min in advance, soaking and disinfecting the same in 5% potassium permanganate solution for 15min, immediately and repeatedly cleaning the same with distilled water until the cleaned distilled water is clear and colorless, and taking the clean water as clean water to finish the disinfection of the seeds.
1.2 preparation of plant Water extract
Weighing 50g of the dried overground parts (stems and leaves) of the south African wedelia, putting the dried overground parts (stems and leaves) into a 1000ml glass beaker which is cleaned and rinsed by distilled water, adding 500ml of distilled water, soaking the materials for 48 hours at room temperature (15-20 ℃), filtering the materials by using double-layer gauze to obtain plant water leaching liquor mother liquor with the concentration of 0.100g/ml, diluting the plant water leaching liquor mother liquor into leaching liquor with the concentration of 0.025g/ml, 0.050g/ml and 0.075g/ml by using the distilled water, and setting the plant water leaching liquor with 4 different concentrations together with the mother liquor: 0.025g/ml, 0.050g/ml, 0.075g/ml and 0.100g/ml, and storing in a refrigerator at 4 deg.C for use.
1.3 Germination test of seeds
Adopting 80mm culture dish with same specification, filling 2 layers of filter paper, respectively extracting appropriate amount of water extract of aerial parts (stem and leaf) of south African wedelia chinensis with above 4 concentrations, adding into corresponding culture dish, moistening filter paper, and using distilled water as control group. The disinfected seeds are sown on the filter paper, the plump ryegrass and the white clover with similar sizes are adopted as receptor plants in a unified standard, and 50 seeds are treated in each dish at different concentrations. After seeding is finished, putting the seeds into an artificial climate box for culturing uniformly, and culturing under the conditions that the temperature is set to be 25 ℃ and the light-dark period is 12h/12 h. During the test period, the time is uniformly recorded, the germination number is counted every 24 hours, and the germination standard is that the hypocotyl or radicle breaks through the seed coat to 1 mm-2 mm. After recording, water extract or distilled water 1-2ml should be added in time, and each treatment is repeated in 3 groups.
1.4 Germination indicator determination
After the seeds germinate for 7 days, the height and the root length of 10 seedlings are randomly selected and measured in each culture dish, and the average value is taken. During measurement, the distance between the root and the stem is taken as a starting point, and the ruler is moved along the main stem of the plant to the leaf tip, namely the plant height of the seedling; the root and stem separation is used as the starting point, and the distance from the root to the root tip of the main root is the root length of the main root of the seedling. And calculating the germination potential and the germination rate. The calculation formula is as follows:
germination vigor (%) - (number of normally germinated seeds/total number of test seeds in first 5 days) × 100%
The germination percentage (%) was (number of normally germinated seeds/number of test seeds in 7 d) × 100%
1.5 chemosensory index (RI) analysis
The germination rate, the germination potential and the allelopathy effect index of the seeds are calculated by adopting a method provided by williamson, and the formula is as follows:
when T is more than or equal to C, RI is 1-C/T; when T < C, RI ═ T/C-1. Wherein C is the germination rate of the control seeds, and T is the germination rate of the treated seeds. RI indicates the allelochemical strength, positive values indicate the accelerating effect, negative values indicate the inhibiting effect, and the absolute value reflects the strength of allelochemical.
1.6 statistical analysis of data
Data were systematically analyzed using a sps 22 and Excel2016, and expressed as "mean ± sem". When the single-factor variance analysis is carried out, the difference is obvious when P is less than 0.05, and the difference is not obvious when P is more than 0.05.
The statistical results of the germination percentage, germination vigor and allelopathy effect index (RI) data are shown in tables 1 and 2.
TABLE 1 influence of aqueous extract of aerial parts (stems, leaves) of Wedelia trilobata on the germination of rye grass seeds
Note: 0 (CK): represents a control; different letters in the same column indicate significant difference (P < 0.05); lower common cold (watch 2-watch 12)
As can be seen from Table 1: compared with a control, the water extract of the overground part (stem and leaf) of the south American wedelia has obvious inhibition effect on the germination of ryegrass seeds; the inhibition effect of the water extract treatment of the aboveground parts (stems and leaves) of the south American wedelia chinensis is most obvious on the ryegrass, and the RI value of the allelopathy effect index is-0.322. The germination rate and germination vigor of the ryegrass are obviously different and the difference is obvious (P is less than 0.05) under the treatment of the water extract of the overground parts (stems and leaves) of the south American wedelia chinensis with the concentration of 0.1 g/ml.
TABLE 2 influence of aqueous extract of aerial parts (stems, leaves) of Wedelia trilobata on the germination of Trifolium repens seeds
As can be seen from Table 2, the overground part (stem and leaf) of the water extract of south American wedelia has an obvious inhibiting effect on the germination of the seeds of white clover, the seeds treated by the water extract of the overground part (stem and leaf) of the water extract of the south American wedelia have no seed germination, and the seeds treated by the water extract of the overground part (stem and leaf) of the water extract of the south American wedelia have the germination rate and germination vigor which are different from those of a control and are obvious (P is less than 0.05).
Example 2
1. Experimental methods
1.1 raw Material and recipient seed treatment
Selecting well-grown south Africa wedelia chinensis plant to uproot, and separating the overground part from the underground part, wherein the overground part comprises stems and leaves, and the underground part is a root system part. Cleaning underground part (root system) of Wedelia trilobata plant, cutting into pieces smaller than 2cm with scissors, oven drying at constant temperature with electric oven, and setting temperature at 85 deg.C.
Selecting ryegrass and white clover seeds as receptor plants. Respectively selecting complete ryegrass and trifolium repens seeds with similar sizes, soaking the same in distilled water for 30min in advance, soaking and disinfecting the same in 5% potassium permanganate solution for 15min, immediately and repeatedly cleaning the same with distilled water until the cleaned distilled water is clear and colorless, and taking the clean water as clean water to finish the disinfection of the seeds.
1.2 preparation of plant Water extract
Weighing 50g of the dried underground part (root system) of the south African wedelia chinensis, putting the weighed underground part into a 1000ml glass beaker which is cleaned and rinsed by distilled water, adding 500ml of distilled water, soaking the part for 48 hours at room temperature (15-20 ℃), filtering the part by using double-layer gauze to obtain plant water leaching liquor mother liquor with the concentration of 0.100g/ml, diluting the plant water leaching liquor mother liquor into leaching liquor with the concentration of 0.025g/ml, 0.050g/ml and 0.075g/ml by using the distilled water, and setting the plant water leaching liquor with 4 different concentrations together with the mother liquor: 0.025g/ml, 0.050g/ml, 0.075g/ml and 0.100g/ml, and storing in a refrigerator at 4 deg.C for use.
1.3 Germination test of seeds
Adopting 80mm culture dish with the same specification, filling 2 layers of filter paper, respectively taking appropriate amount of the above-mentioned underground part (root system) water extract of south African wedelia chinensis with 4 concentrations, adding into corresponding culture dish, making filter paper wet, and using distilled water as control group. The disinfected seeds are sown on the filter paper, the plump ryegrass and the white clover with similar sizes are adopted as receptor plants in a unified standard, and 50 seeds are treated in each dish at different concentrations. After seeding is finished, putting the seeds into an artificial climate box for culturing uniformly, and culturing under the conditions that the temperature is set to be 25 ℃ and the light-dark period is 12h/12 h. During the test period, the time is uniformly recorded, the germination number is counted every 24 hours, and the germination standard is that the hypocotyl or radicle breaks through the seed coat to 1 mm-2 mm. After recording, water extract or distilled water 1-2ml should be added in time, and each treatment is repeated in 3 groups.
1.4 Germination indicator determination
The measurement method was the same as in example 1.
1.5 chemosensory index (RI) analysis
The analytical procedure was as in example 1.
1.6 statistical analysis of data
The analytical procedure was as in example 1.
The statistical results of the germination percentage, germination vigor and allelopathy effect index (RI) data are shown in tables 3 and 4.
TABLE 3 influence of aqueous extract of underground part (root system) of Wedelia trilobata on the germination of rye grass seeds
As can be seen from Table 3, the underground part (root system) of the water extract of Wedelia trilobata has an obvious inhibiting effect on the germination of ryegrass seeds. The inhibition effect is most obvious when the water extract with the concentration of 0.1g/ml is treated, the RI value of the allelopathy effect index is-0.635, and the germination rate and the germination potential are different from those of a control, and the difference is obvious (P is less than 0.05).
TABLE 4 influence of aqueous extract of underground part (root system) of Wedelia trilobata on the germination of Trifolium repens seeds
From table 4, it can be seen that the water extract of the underground part (root system) of the south American wedelia chinensis has an obvious inhibition effect on the germination of the seeds of the trilobe, and the greater the concentration of the water extract of the underground part (root system) of the south American wedelia chinensis is, the greater the inhibition effect is. When the water extract with the concentration of 0.075g/ml is used for treating trilobe seeds, the germination rate and the germination vigor have very obvious difference (P is less than 0.01), and when the water extract with the concentration of 0.1g/ml is used for treating the trilobe seeds, no seeds germinate.
Example 3
1. Experimental methods
1.1 raw Material and recipient seed treatment
Selecting well-grown south African wedelia chinensis, swertia alternifolia and chenopodium ambrosioides plants, pulling up the roots of the plants, respectively cleaning the plants, cutting the plants into short sections smaller than 2cm by using scissors, drying the short sections at constant temperature by using an electric heating oven after cutting the short sections, and setting the temperature to be 85 ℃.
Selecting ryegrass and white clover seeds as receptor plants. Respectively selecting complete ryegrass and trifolium repens seeds with similar sizes, soaking the same in distilled water for 30min in advance, soaking and disinfecting the same in 5% potassium permanganate solution for 15min, immediately and repeatedly cleaning the same with distilled water until the cleaned distilled water is clear and colorless, and taking the clean water as clean water to finish the disinfection of the seeds.
1.2 preparation of plant Water extract
Weighing 40g of the dried south African wedelia chinensis, 5g of the swertia glabra and 5g of the chenopodium ambrosioides (experiment group 1), totally 50g, putting the materials into a 1000ml glass beaker which is cleaned and rinsed by distilled water, then adding 500ml of the distilled water, soaking the materials for 48 hours at room temperature (15-20 ℃), filtering the materials by using double-layer gauze to obtain plant water leaching liquor mother liquor with the concentration of 0.100g/ml, diluting the plant water leaching liquor mother liquor into leaching liquor with the concentration of 0.025g/ml, 0.050g/ml and 0.075g/ml by using the distilled water, and setting the leaching liquor as 4 plant water leaching liquor with different concentrations together with the mother liquor: 0.025g/ml, 0.050g/ml, 0.075g/ml and 0.100g/ml, and storing in a refrigerator at 4 deg.C for use.
1.3 Germination test of seeds
Adopting 80mm culture dish with same specification, and filling 2 layers of filter paper, respectively adding appropriate amount of the above plant water leaching liquor with 4 concentrations into corresponding culture dish, wetting filter paper, and using distilled water as control group. The disinfected seeds are sown on the filter paper, the plump ryegrass and the white clover with similar sizes are adopted as receptor plants in a unified standard, and 50 seeds are treated in each dish at different concentrations. After seeding is finished, putting the seeds into an artificial climate box for culturing uniformly, and culturing under the conditions that the temperature is set to be 25 ℃ and the light-dark period is 12h/12 h. During the test period, the time is uniformly recorded, the germination number is counted every 24 hours, and the germination standard is that the hypocotyl or radicle breaks through the seed coat to 1 mm-2 mm. After recording, water extract or distilled water 1-2ml should be added in time, and each treatment is repeated in 3 groups.
1.4 Germination indicator determination
After the seeds germinate for 7 days, the height and the root length of 10 seedlings are randomly selected and measured in each culture dish, and the average value is taken. During measurement, the distance between the root and the stem is taken as a starting point, and the ruler is moved along the main stem of the plant to the leaf tip, namely the plant height of the seedling; the root and stem separation is used as the starting point, and the distance from the root to the root tip of the main root is the root length of the main root of the seedling. And calculating the germination potential and the germination rate. The calculation formula is as follows:
germination vigor (%) - (number of normally germinated seeds/total number of test seeds in first 5 days) × 100%
The germination percentage (%) was (number of normally germinated seeds/number of test seeds in 7 d) × 100%
1.5 chemosensory index (RI) analysis
The germination rate, the germination potential and the allelopathy effect index of the seeds are calculated by adopting a method provided by williamson, and the formula is as follows:
when T is more than or equal to C, RI is 1-C/T; when T < C, RI ═ T/C-1. Wherein C is the germination rate of the control seeds, and T is the germination rate of the treated seeds. RI indicates the allelochemical strength, positive values indicate the accelerating effect, negative values indicate the inhibiting effect, and the absolute value reflects the strength of allelochemical.
1.6 statistical analysis of data
Data were systematically analyzed using a sps 22 and Excel2016, and expressed as "mean ± sem". When the single-factor variance analysis is carried out, the difference is obvious when P is less than 0.05, and the difference is not obvious when P is more than 0.05.
The statistics of germination percentage, germination vigor and allelopathy effect index (RI) data of the experimental group 1 are shown in tables 5 and 6:
TABLE 5 Effect of plant Water extracts of Experimental group 1 on Secale cereale seed Germination
TABLE 6 influence of the Water extract of Experimental group 1 on the germination of Trifolium repens seeds
As can be seen from tables 5 and 6, the germination rate and the germination potential of the experimental group 1 are different from those of the control group, and the difference is significant (P is less than 0.05); the plant water extract in the experimental group 1 has obvious inhibition effect on the germination of ryegrass and trifolium repens seeds, and the inhibition effect is more obvious when the concentration is higher; the inhibition effect of the plant water extract of 0.100g/ml on ryegrass seeds is most obvious; the plant water extract with the concentration of 0.075g/ml has obvious inhibition effect on the Trifolium repens seeds, and no seeds germinate when the plant water extract with the concentration of 0.1g/ml is used for treating the Trifolium repens seeds.
Example 4
1. Experimental methods
1.1 raw Material and recipient seed treatment
The experimental procedure was as in example 3.
1.2 preparation of plant Water extract
Weighing 30g of dried south African wedelia chinensis, 5g of swertia glabra and 15g of chenopodium ambrosioides (experimental group 2), totally 50g, putting into a 1000ml glass beaker which is cleaned and rinsed by distilled water, then adding 500ml of distilled water, soaking for 48h at room temperature (15-20 ℃), filtering by using double-layer gauze to obtain plant water leaching liquor mother liquor with the concentration of 0.100g/ml, diluting the plant water leaching liquor mother liquor into leaching liquor with the concentration of 0.025g/ml, 0.050g/ml and 0.075g/ml by using distilled water, and setting the leaching liquor as 4 plant water leaching liquor with different concentrations together with the mother liquor: 0.025g/ml, 0.050g/ml, 0.075g/ml and 0.100g/ml, and storing in a refrigerator at 4 deg.C for use.
1.3 Germination test of seeds
The experimental procedure was as in example 3.
1.4 Germination indicator determination
The measurement method was the same as in example 3.
1.5 chemosensory index (RI) analysis
The analytical procedure was as in example 3.
1.6 statistical analysis of data
The analytical procedure was as in example 3.
The statistics of germination percentage, germination vigor and allelopathy effect index (RI) data of the experimental group 2 are shown in tables 7 and 8:
TABLE 7 Effect of plant Water extracts of Experimental group 2 on Secale cereale seed Germination
TABLE 8 Effect of plant Water extract of Experimental group 2 on the Germination of Trifolium repens seeds
As can be seen from tables 7 and 8, the germination rate and the germination potential of the experimental group 2 are different from those of the control group, and the difference is significant (P is less than 0.05); the plant water extract in the experimental group 2 has obvious inhibition effect on the germination of ryegrass and trifolium repens seeds, and the inhibition effect is more obvious when the concentration is higher; the inhibition effect of the plant water extract of 0.100g/ml on ryegrass seeds is most obvious; the plant water extract with the concentration of 0.075g/ml has obvious inhibition effect on the Trifolium repens seeds, and no seeds germinate when the plant water extract with the concentration of 0.1g/ml is used for treating the Trifolium repens seeds.
Example 5
1. Experimental methods
1.1 raw Material and recipient seed treatment
The experimental procedure was as in example 3.
1.2 preparation of plant Water extract
Weighing 30g of the dried south African wedelia chinensis, 15g of the swertia glabra and 5g of the chenopodium ambrosioides (experiment group 3), totally 50g, putting the materials into a 1000ml glass beaker which is cleaned and rinsed by distilled water, then adding 500ml of the distilled water, soaking the materials for 48 hours at room temperature (15-20 ℃), filtering the materials by using double-layer gauze to obtain plant water leaching liquor mother liquor with the concentration of 0.100g/ml, diluting the plant water leaching liquor mother liquor into leaching liquor with the concentration of 0.025g/ml, 0.050g/ml and 0.075g/ml by using the distilled water, and setting the leaching liquor as 4 plant water leaching liquor with different concentrations together with the mother liquor: 0.025g/ml, 0.050g/ml, 0.075g/ml and 0.100g/ml, and storing in a refrigerator at 4 deg.C for use.
1.3 Germination test of seeds
The experimental procedure was as in example 3.
1.4 Germination indicator determination
The measurement method was the same as in example 3.
1.5 chemosensory index (RI) analysis
The analytical procedure was as in example 3.
1.6 statistical analysis of data
The analytical procedure was as in example 3.
The statistics of germination percentage, germination vigor and allelopathy effect index (RI) data of the experimental group 3 are shown in tables 9 and 10:
TABLE 9 Effect of plant Water extracts of Experimental group 3 on Secale cereale seed Germination
TABLE 10 Effect of Experimental group 3 plant Water extract on Trifolium repens seed Germination
As can be seen from tables 9 and 10, the germination rate and the germination potential of the experimental group 3 are different from those of the control group, and the difference is significant (P is less than 0.05); the experimental group 3 has obvious inhibition effect on the germination of ryegrass and Trifolium repens seeds, and the inhibition effect is more obvious when the concentration is higher; the inhibition effect of the plant water extract of 0.100g/ml on ryegrass seeds is most obvious; the plant water extract with the concentration of 0.075g/ml has obvious inhibition effect on the Trifolium repens seeds, and no seeds germinate when the plant water extract with the concentration of 0.1g/ml is used for treating the Trifolium repens seeds.
According to the experimental data of the germination rates, the germination potentials and the allelopathy effect indexes (RI) of the experimental groups 1, 2 and 3, plant water leaching liquor of the three experimental groups has obvious inhibition effects on the germination of ryegrass and trifolium repens seeds, the higher the concentration of the plant water leaching liquor is, the more obvious the inhibition effects are, the most obvious the inhibition effects on the ryegrass seeds are obtained by 0.100g/ml plant water leaching liquor treatment, the obvious inhibition effects on the trifolium repens seeds are obtained by 0.075g/ml plant water leaching liquor treatment, and no seeds germinate when the trifolium repens seeds are treated by 0.1g/ml plant water leaching liquor; in addition, the experimental data of three groups are compared to each other, the plant water extract of the experimental group 1 has a growth and development inhibiting effect on ryegrass and Trifolium repens seeds larger than that of the experimental group 2 and that of the experimental group 3, the plant water extract of the experimental group 2 has a growth and development inhibiting effect on ryegrass and Trifolium repens seeds larger than that of the experimental group 3, and the experimental group shows that the addition amount of Wedelia trilobans in the novel botanical herbicide is more, the inhibition effect on the seeds is stronger, and when the addition amount of Wedelia trilobans is fixed, the addition amount of the titude trilobans is better than that of Chenopodium ambrosioides.
Comparative experiment:
1. experimental methods
1.1 raw Material and recipient seed treatment
Selecting a well-grown south African wedelia chinensis plant, pulling up the plant with the roots, cleaning the plant, shearing the plant with scissors into short sections smaller than 2cm, drying the plant with an electric heating oven at constant temperature after shearing, and setting the temperature to be 85 ℃.
Selecting well-grown tithonia diversifolia plants, pulling up the stems, cleaning the plants, shearing the plants into short sections smaller than 2cm by using scissors, and drying the short sections at constant temperature by using an electric heating oven after shearing, wherein the set temperature is 85 ℃.
Selecting and pulling up the plants of the chenopodium ambrosioides which grows well, cleaning the plants, cutting the plants into short sections which are smaller than 2cm by using scissors, drying the short sections at constant temperature by using an electric heating oven after cutting the short sections, and setting the temperature to be 85 ℃.
Selecting ryegrass and white clover seeds as receptor plants. Respectively selecting complete ryegrass and trifolium repens seeds with similar sizes, soaking the same in distilled water for 30min in advance, soaking and disinfecting the same in 5% potassium permanganate solution for 15min, immediately and repeatedly cleaning the same with distilled water until the cleaned distilled water is clear and colorless, and taking the clean water as clean water to finish the disinfection of the seeds.
1.2 preparation of plant Water extract
Weighing 50g of the dried south African wedelia chinensis (contrast group 1), putting the dried south African wedelia chinensis into a 1000ml glass beaker which is washed cleanly and is soaked by distilled water, adding 500ml of distilled water, soaking for 48 hours at room temperature (15-20 ℃), filtering by using double-layer gauze to obtain a south African wedelia chinensis water extract mother liquor with the concentration of 0.100g/ml, diluting the south African wedelia chinensis water extract mother liquor into 0.075g/ml by using distilled water, and storing the south African wedelia chinensis water extract mother liquor in a refrigerator at 4 ℃ for later use.
Weighing 50g of the dried tithonia diversifolia (comparative group 2), putting into a 1000ml glass beaker which is cleaned and rinsed with distilled water, adding 500ml of distilled water, soaking at room temperature (15-20 ℃) for 48h, filtering by using double-layer gauze to obtain a tithonia diversifolia water extract mother liquor with the concentration of 0.100g/ml, diluting the tithonia diversifolia water extract mother liquor with distilled water into 0.075g/ml extract liquor, and storing in a refrigerator at 4 ℃ for later use.
Weighing 50g of the dried chenopodium ambrosioides (comparative group 3), putting the 50g of the dried chenopodium ambrosioides into a 1000ml glass beaker which is cleaned and rinsed by distilled water, adding 500ml of distilled water, soaking for 48 hours at room temperature (15-20 ℃), filtering by using double-layer gauze to obtain chenopodium ambrosioides water extract mother liquor with the concentration of 0.100g/ml, diluting the chenopodium ambrosioides water extract mother liquor into 0.075g/ml by distilled water, and storing the chenopodium ambrosioides water extract mother liquor in a refrigerator at 4 ℃ for later use.
1.3 Germination test of seeds
Adopting 80mm culture dishes with the same specification, filling 2 layers of filter paper, respectively taking appropriate amounts of the south African wedelia water extract with the concentration of 0.100g/ml, the tithonia diversifolia water extract with the concentration of 0.100g/ml and the chenopodium ambrosioides water extract with the concentration of 0.100g/ml, adding the appropriate amounts into the corresponding culture dishes to moisten the filter paper, and taking distilled water as a control group. And sowing disinfected ryegrass seeds on the filter paper, adopting full and similar ryegrass as receptor plants according to a unified standard, and treating 50 ryegrass seeds in each dish at different concentrations. After seeding is finished, putting the seeds into an artificial climate box for culturing uniformly, and culturing under the conditions that the temperature is set to be 25 ℃ and the light-dark period is 12h/12 h. During the test period, the time is uniformly recorded, the germination number is counted every 24 hours, and the germination standard is that the hypocotyl or radicle breaks through the seed coat to 1 mm-2 mm. After recording, water extract or distilled water 1-2ml should be added in time, and each treatment is repeated in 3 groups.
Adopting 80mm culture dishes with the same specification, filling 2 layers of filter paper, and respectively adding the south African wedelia water extract with the weight of 0.075g/ml, the south African wedelia water extract with the weight of 0.100g/ml, the tithonia diversifolia water extract with the weight of 0.075g/ml, the tenuifolia water extract with the weight of 0.100g/ml and the tenuifolia water extract with the weight of 0.100g/ml into the culture dishes in one-to-one correspondence, so that the filter paper is moistened, and distilled water is used as a control group. The filter paper is sown with disinfected Trifolium repens seeds, the abundant Trifolium repens with similar size are adopted as receptor plants in the unified standard, and 50 seeds are treated in each dish at different concentrations. After seeding is finished, putting the seeds into an artificial climate box for culturing uniformly, and culturing under the conditions that the temperature is set to be 25 ℃ and the light-dark period is 12h/12 h. During the test period, the time is uniformly recorded, the germination number is counted every 24 hours, and the germination standard is that the hypocotyl or radicle breaks through the seed coat to 1 mm-2 mm. After recording, water extract or distilled water 1-2ml should be added in time, and each treatment is repeated in 3 groups.
1.4 Germination indicator determination
The measurement method was the same as in example 3.
1.5 chemosensory index (RI) analysis
The analytical procedure was as in example 3.
1.6 statistical analysis of data
The analytical procedure was as in example 3.
The statistics of germination percentage, germination vigor and allelopathy effect index (RI) data of the comparative experimental groups are shown in tables 11 and 12:
TABLE 11 Effect of comparative experimental plant Water extracts on Secale cereale seed Germination
TABLE 12 comparative effect of Experimental plant Water extract on Trifolium repens seed Germination
From tables 5 to 12, it can be seen that the inhibition effect of the water extract containing three plant raw materials of south African wedelia chinensis, swertia japonica and chenopodium ambrosioides on the germination of ryegrass and trifoliate chinensis seeds is greater than that of the water extract singly taking south African wedelia chinensis as a plant raw material, that of the water extract singly taking swertia chinensis as a plant raw material and that of the water extract singly taking chenopodium ambrosioides as a plant raw material, the allelopathy strength of the plant water extract is improved after the swertia chinensis and the chenopodium ambrosioides are added in the south African wedelia chinensis, the inhibition effect on the germination of ryegrass and trifoliate chinensis seeds is enhanced, and the weeding effect on ryegrass and trifoliate chinensis is most obvious when the concentration of the plant water extract is 0.100 g/ml.
While embodiments of the invention have been described above, it is not limited to the applications set forth in the description and the embodiments, which are fully applicable to various fields of endeavor for which the invention may be embodied with additional modifications as would be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, and the invention is therefore not limited to the details given herein and to the embodiments shown and described without departing from the generic concept as defined by the claims and their equivalents.
Claims (9)
1. A novel plant source herbicide is characterized in that the raw material of the herbicide comprises south Africa wedelia, and the preparation method of the herbicide comprises the following steps:
firstly, taking the stems and leaves of south African wedelia, cleaning, crushing and drying;
then, adding the dried stems and leaves of the south African wedelia chinensis into distilled water, soaking for 48 hours at room temperature, and filtering to obtain a plant water leaching liquor.
2. A novel plant source herbicide is characterized in that the raw material of the herbicide comprises south Africa wedelia, and the preparation method of the herbicide comprises the following steps:
firstly, taking root parts of south Africa wedelia, cleaning, crushing and drying;
then, adding the dried south Africa wedeloa chinensis root system part into distilled water, soaking for 48h at room temperature, and filtering to obtain plant water leaching liquor.
3. The novel botanical herbicide is characterized in that the herbicide is a plant water extract taking south African wedelia chinensis, swertia glabra and chenopodium ambrosioides as raw materials, and the raw materials comprise the following components in parts by mass: 5-8 parts of south African wedelia, 1-4 parts of tithonia diversifolia and 1-3 parts of chenopodium ambrosioides;
the plant water extract is obtained by the following steps:
firstly, respectively cleaning south African wedelia, swertia stems and leaves and chenopodium ambrosioides, crushing and drying;
then, mixing the dried south African wedelia chinensis, the dried swertia glabra and the dried chenopodium ambrosioides according to a certain mass ratio, adding distilled water, soaking for 48 hours at room temperature, and filtering to obtain the plant water leaching liquor.
4. A novel plant-derived herbicide as claimed in any of claims 1 to 3 wherein the raw material is broken into short pieces of less than 2 cm.
5. A novel plant-derived herbicide as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 3 wherein the drying is carried out in an electric oven at a constant temperature set at 85 ℃.
6. The novel plant-derived herbicide according to claim 3, wherein the wedelia chinensis, the serpentium chinense and the chenopodium ambrosioides are prepared from the following components in parts by weight: 8 parts of south African wedelia, 1 part of amur stemona and 1 part of chenopodium ambrosioides.
7. The novel plant-derived herbicide according to claim 3, wherein the wedelia chinensis, the serpentium chinense and the chenopodium ambrosioides are prepared from the following components in parts by weight: 6 parts of south African wedelia, 1 part of amur stemona and 3 parts of chenopodium ambrosioides.
8. The novel plant-derived herbicide according to claim 3, wherein the wedelia chinensis, the serpentium chinense and the chenopodium ambrosioides are prepared from the following components in parts by weight: 6 parts of south African wedelia, 3 parts of swertia glabra and 1 part of chenopodium ambrosioides.
9. The novel plant-derived herbicide according to claim 3, wherein the concentration of said plant water extract is 0.100g/ml, and the herbicidal effect is remarkable.
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| JP2019151554A (en) * | 2016-07-22 | 2019-09-12 | 住友化学株式会社 | Herbicide composition and weed control method |
| CN111712133A (en) * | 2017-11-28 | 2020-09-25 | Upl有限公司 | Herbicidal combination |
| CN112753497A (en) * | 2021-02-02 | 2021-05-07 | 中国科学院华南植物园 | Ecological prevention and control method for south American wedelia chinensis |
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| JP2019151554A (en) * | 2016-07-22 | 2019-09-12 | 住友化学株式会社 | Herbicide composition and weed control method |
| CN111712133A (en) * | 2017-11-28 | 2020-09-25 | Upl有限公司 | Herbicidal combination |
| CN112753497A (en) * | 2021-02-02 | 2021-05-07 | 中国科学院华南植物园 | Ecological prevention and control method for south American wedelia chinensis |
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