CN113806960B

CN113806960B - Construction method of industrial pollution source product pollution discharge accounting model

Info

Publication number: CN113806960B
Application number: CN202111133856.2A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 乔琦; 白璐; 张玥; 李雪迎; 许文; 刘景洋; 孙园园; 刘丹丹; 谢明辉; 周潇云; 赵若楠; 孙晓明; 贾岩; 孟立红
Original assignee: Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences
Current assignee: Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences
Priority date: 2021-04-30
Filing date: 2021-09-27
Publication date: 2023-02-21
Anticipated expiration: 2041-09-27
Also published as: CN113806960A

Abstract

The invention provides a construction method of an industrial pollution source pollution discharge accounting model, wherein the model comprises the pollution discharge amount of an industry special accounting unit, the pollution discharge amount of a general accounting unit, the average removal efficiency of a pollution treatment technology and the actual operation rate of a pollution treatment facility. The method comprises the steps of carrying out type division on the industrial industry; identifying and extracting accounting units in different types of industries to form a modular accounting unit; identifying and quantitatively determining the pollution production influence factor combination of the accounting unit, and checking and quantifying a pollution production coefficient to obtain the pollution production amount of the accounting unit through calculation; and calculating to obtain the average removal efficiency of the pollution treatment technology and the actual operation rate of the pollution treatment facility, thereby constructing an industrial pollution source pollution discharge accounting model. According to the invention, the modularized accounting units are extracted according to the metabolic characteristics of different industries, so that 'extraction commonality and classification accounting' are realized, the coverage of accounting parameters is improved, the accounting efficiency and accuracy are improved, and the redundancy of the accounting parameters is reduced.

Description

Construction method of industrial pollution source product pollution discharge accounting model

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of pollution discharge accounting of industrial pollution sources, in particular to a construction method of a pollution discharge accounting model of the industrial pollution sources.

Background

The acquisition of the discharge capacity of the industrial pollution source is the basic work of an industrial pollution prevention and control management system, and has important significance for mastering the quantity, industry and regional distribution condition of industrial pollution sources in China and formulating related environmental management policies, and the industrial pollution source discharge coefficient method is a main method for acquiring the discharge capacity of the pollution source. At present, the pollution control capacity of enterprises is integrally improved, but the operation state of the same treatment technology in different areas and different enterprises in the same industry is possibly different, and the individual difference of the emission of the same type of pollution discharge enterprises is obvious.

At present, most of domestic pollution sources are produced and established in the first national pollution source general survey (called 'pollution general' for short) in 2007 by a pollution production and discharge coefficient method, namely, the pollutant production amount is calculated by utilizing the pollutant production coefficient and the amount of products or raw materials, the pollutant discharge amount is determined by main activity level (products, processes, raw materials, scale and the like, and pollution treatment technical types) and the pollution discharge coefficient, the pollution production coefficient does not directly participate in calculation, and the method has the defects that:

1. the accounting principle does not fully consider the metabolism law of the substances, and the continuous links of the generation, removal and discharge of pollutants are treated by splitting, so that the objective law of the generation and discharge of the pollutants cannot be embodied.

2. The pollutant discharge amount of the same product, raw material, process, scale and treatment technology is similar, but due to the improvement of ecological environment protection treatment force in recent years in China, the difference of different enterprise management levels causes the pollutant treatment effect difference to be larger, and the method cannot reflect the difference of pollutant removal amount caused by the operation state of treatment facilities among different enterprises, and has larger difference with the actual discharge level of the enterprises.

3. Due to the fact that the industrialized division trend in industrial production in China is intensified, different production links of a long-flow process can be completed by one or more upstream and downstream enterprises together, namely the production process is segmented step by step, the method is disjointed from the state of the actual production enterprises in China at present, and a pollutant output amount accounting method and coefficient of a specialized division section are not given.

4. Production sections or links with similar or consistent pollutant emission rules often exist between similar industry categories or even different industry categories, for example, the technological processes of cutting, welding and the like of mechanical processing, and the generation amount of pollutants such as particulate matters is similar.

The product pollution discharge coefficient of the method is formulated and divided strictly according to the national economy industry classification, so that the redundancy of a large number of product pollution discharge coefficients is caused, and the management of the accounting parameter result and the improvement of the accounting efficiency are not facilitated. Therefore, how to avoid redundancy of the pollution discharge coefficient and improve the accounting efficiency is a technical problem to be solved.

Disclosure of Invention

Aiming at the problems in the prior art, the invention aims to provide a construction method of an industrial pollution source product and sewage discharge accounting model, which is based on industrial metabolism as a theoretical basis, provides and constructs a product and sewage discharge accounting model meeting the actual industrial production and operation in China on the basis of deep analysis of the current industrial production characteristics and the product and sewage discharge rules in China, establishes the industrial pollution source product and sewage discharge accounting method by mainly aiming at judgment of an accounting unit, combination identification of product and sewage level influence factors and quantification of accounting parameters, and provides a basis for providing a unified and standardized accounting tool for meeting the product and sewage discharge statistical requirements of various environmental management of industrial enterprises.

In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides a method for constructing an industrial pollution source pollution discharge accounting model, where the accounting model includes an industry-specific accounting unit pollution output, a general accounting unit pollution output, an average pollution treatment technology removal efficiency, and an actual operation rate of a pollution treatment facility, a pollutant output is obtained by calculating the industry-specific accounting unit pollution output and the general accounting unit pollution output, a pollutant removal is obtained by calculating the pollutant output, the average pollution treatment technology removal efficiency, and the actual operation rate of the pollution treatment facility, and a pollutant discharge is obtained by calculating the pollutant output and the pollutant removal, and the accounting model has the following formula:

in the formula: p _G Is the pollutant production;

accounting the pollution output of the unit i for the industry;

the amount of pollution produced by the general accounting unit j; p _E The pollutant removal amount; eta is the average removal efficiency of the pollution treatment technology; k is the actual operation rate of the pollution treatment facility; p _D Is the pollutant discharge amount.

The construction method of the industrial pollution source pollution discharge accounting model comprises the following steps:

the method comprises the following steps: performing type division on the industrial industry according to the consistency or similarity of the production and pollution discharge rules, and performing classification accounting;

step two: identifying and extracting the accounting units in different types of industries to form an accounting unit suitable for modular accounting, and judging and distinguishing an industry special accounting unit and a general accounting unit;

step three: identifying and quantitatively determining the pollution production influence factor combination of the accounting unit, and checking and quantifying a pollution production coefficient to obtain the pollution production amount of the accounting unit through calculation;

step four: calculating and obtaining the average removal efficiency of the pollution treatment technology and the actual operation rate of the pollution treatment facility, and thus constructing an industrial pollution source pollution discharge accounting model;

in the first step, the industrial industry is classified into a flow type production industry and a discrete type production industry according to the consistency or similarity of the production and pollution discharge laws;

in the second step, the accounting units in different industries are identified and extracted, and the identification and extraction of the accounting units in the flow production industry are based on a measurable criterion, a reality criterion and a moderation criterion;

the measurable criterion is: the accounting unit has to have the conditions for sampling and measuring the pollutants;

the actuality criterion is as follows: the accounting unit needs to cover enterprises operated in reality or workshops independently operated in the enterprises, the technological process without pollutant generation does not need to be used as the accounting unit, and the number of the accounting units is not more than the number of the technological processes;

the mildness criterion is: redundancy is reduced, the difficulty in obtaining parameters is increased due to the fact that an accounting unit is too thin in splitting is avoided, the integrity of the accounting unit is guaranteed, and the non-splitting of the correlation metabolic relationship of water circulation and energy gradient utilization between technological processes is avoided;

in the second step, the accounting units in different industries are identified and extracted, and the identification and extraction of the accounting units in the discrete production industry are based on a target criterion, an integrity criterion and a universality criterion;

the objective criteria are: extracting an accounting unit based on the pollutant production amount, and paying attention to a process with large pollutant production amount or large environmental influence;

the integrity criterion is: the extracted accounting unit can cover all the technological processes required for producing the product;

the generality criterion is as follows: the extracted accounting units have similarity or consistency in the aspects of the pollution production and discharge characteristics and the pollution production amount of different products in the same industry, and meet the requirement of general accounting.

Further, the industry-specific accounting unit pollutant output and the general accounting unit pollutant output are functions of accounting unit products, processes, raw materials, scales and other factors, and the formula of the industry-specific accounting unit pollutant output and the general accounting unit pollutant output is as follows:

in the formula: x is the number of _P The product is obtained; x is the number of _m Is taken as a raw material; x is the number of _t Comprises the following steps of (1) preparing; x is the number of _s Is the scale; x is the number of _a Among other factors.

Further, a specific manner of forming an accounting unit suitable for modular accounting in the second step is as follows: the long-flow process can be divided into a plurality of accounting units, and a plurality of short-flow accounting units can be combined into the long-flow process.

Further, the specific method for identifying and quantitatively determining the pollution production influence factor combination of the accounting unit in the third step is a threshold approximation method, a decision tree method or an empirical judgment method, and the calculation formula of the pollution production of the accounting unit is as follows:

wherein R is the fouling coefficient under a certain combination of fouling influence factors, M _i For the production of products of the special accounting unit i of industryAmount or amount of starting material, M _j The product yield or raw material usage of the general accounting unit j.

The advantages and the beneficial effects of the invention are mainly embodied in the following aspects:

firstly, an industrial metabolism concept is introduced in an accounting method, and an accounting mode for pollutant discharge is improved: firstly, based on the fact that the final emission of pollutants goes through the process of 'raw material input-industrial production-pollutant generation-pollutant removal-pollutant emission', the emission amount depends on 3 variables of generation amount, treatment efficiency and management efficiency, an accounting formula of the emission amount is improved, the current emission amount is equal to a calculation mode of a difference value of the generation amount and the removal amount, and the correlative logical relationship between the generation amount and the removal amount of pollutants is more accurately expressed; secondly, with the continuous improvement of the ecological environment protection strength in China in recent years, due to the fact that the production load state, the management level, the environmental protection attention degree and the like of enterprises cause the difference of the treatment effect and the operation state of the same treatment technology in different enterprises in the same industry, the removal amount of pollutants is mainly influenced by two factors of the average removal efficiency of the pollution treatment technology and the actual operation rate of pollution treatment facilities, and therefore a 'two-factor method' for calculating the removal amount is established, and the accuracy of the calculation method is greatly improved.

Secondly, in an accounting mode, aiming at the current situation that the current industrial production in China is chained, the regional division and the specialized production trends are increasingly obvious, and the traditional long-flow process is gradually modularized, from the point of meeting the current industrial production characteristics and the production and pollution discharge rules, a segmental and modularized accounting model, namely 'detachable and combinable', is established, namely 'the long-flow process can be detached into a plurality of accounting units, and a plurality of short-flow accounting units can be combined into the long-flow process', so that the applicability of the model is greatly improved.

Finally, on the construction mode of an accounting module, aiming at the current situations of various types of industrial industries and abundant product process types in China, the method takes the influence of production activities on production and sewage discharge rather than the process or the product as a starting point, provides the identification and classification of various production activities in the industrial industry according to the similarity or consistency of production and sewage discharge rules, provides the division and screening criterion of 'flow type industry' and 'discrete type industry', realizes 'extraction commonality and classification accounting', and not only improves the accounting efficiency, but also greatly reduces the redundancy of accounting parameters compared with the traditional accounting method.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of industrial metabolism for a flow-type production;

FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of industrial metabolism for discrete production;

FIG. 3 is a diagram illustrating the determination result of the number of the accounting units in the industry.

The numbers in fig. 3 represent respectively: 06-coal mining and washing industry, 07-oil and gas mining industry, 08-ferrous metal mining and separation industry, 09-nonferrous metal mining and separation industry, 10-nonmetal mining and separation industry, 11-mining professional and ancillary activities, 12-other mining industry, 13-subsidiary agricultural food processing industry, 14-food manufacturing industry, 15-wine, beverage and refined tea manufacturing industry, 16-tobacco product industry, 17-textile industry, 18-textile garment, apparel industry, 19-leather, fur, feather and products and shoes manufacturing industry, 20-wood processing and wood, bamboo, rattan, palm, grass products industry, 21-furniture manufacturing industry, 22-paper and paper products industry, 23-printing and recording media reproduction industry, 24-cultural and educational, industrial, sports and entertainment product manufacturing industry, 25-the petroleum processing, coking and nuclear fuel processing industries, 26-the chemical raw materials and chemicals manufacturing industries, 27-the pharmaceutical manufacturing industries, 28-the chemical fiber manufacturing industries, 29-the rubber and plastics manufacturing industries, 30-the non-metallic mineral products industries, 31-the ferrous metal smelting and calendering processing industries, 32-the non-ferrous metal smelting and calendering processing industries, 33-the metal products industries, 34-the general equipment manufacturing industries, 35-the special equipment manufacturing industries, 36-the automobile manufacturing industries, 37-the railway, ship, aerospace and other transportation equipment manufacturing industries, 38-the electrical machinery and equipment manufacturing industries, 39-the computer, communication and other electronic equipment manufacturing industries, 40-the instrument and meter manufacturing industries, 41-the other manufacturing industries, 42-the waste resources comprehensive utilization industries, 43-metal goods, machinery and equipment repair, 44-electricity, heat power production and supply, 45-gas production and supply, 46-water production and supply.

Detailed Description

The technical scheme of the invention is clearly and completely described in the following with reference to the accompanying drawings.

The invention provides an industrial pollution source pollution Discharge Accounting Model (PGDMA Model for short), which comprises an industry special Accounting unit pollution yield, a general Accounting unit pollution yield, an average pollution treatment technology removal efficiency and an actual pollution treatment facility operation rate, wherein the Pollutant Generation yield is obtained by summing the industry special Accounting unit pollution yield and the general Accounting unit pollution yield, the Pollutant removal yield is related to the Pollutant Generation yield, the average pollution treatment technology removal efficiency and the actual pollution treatment facility operation rate, the Pollutant Discharge amount is obtained by subtracting the Pollutant removal yield from the Pollutant Generation yield, and the Accounting Model has the following formula:

in the formula:

accounting the pollution output of the unit i for the industry;

the amount of pollution produced by the general accounting unit j; p _D The discharge amount of pollutants; p _G Is the pollutant production; p _E The pollutant removal amount; eta is the average removal efficiency of the pollution treatment technology; k is the actual operating rate of the pollution abatement facility.

Specifically, the pollutant output of the industry-specific accounting unit and the pollutant output of the general accounting unit are functions of accounting unit products, processes, raw materials, scales and other factors, and the formula of the pollutant output of the industry-specific accounting unit and the formula of the pollutant output of the general accounting unit are as follows:

in the formula: x is the number of _P Is a product; x is the number of _m Is taken as a raw material; x is the number of _t Comprises the following steps of (1) preparing; x is the number of _s Is the scale; x is the number of _a Other factors (e.g., geological conditions, etc.).

Based on the industrial pollution source product pollution discharge accounting model, the invention also provides a construction method of the industrial pollution source product pollution discharge accounting model, which comprises the following steps:

the method comprises the following steps: performing type division on the industrial industry according to the consistency or similarity of the production and pollution discharge laws, and performing classification accounting;

step two: identifying and extracting accounting units in different types of industries to form an accounting unit suitable for modularized accounting, and judging and distinguishing an industry special accounting unit and a general accounting unit;

step three: identifying and quantitatively determining the pollution influence factor combination of the accounting unit, and accounting and quantizing the pollution coefficient to obtain the pollution amount of the accounting unit through calculation;

step four: and calculating to obtain the average removal efficiency of the pollution treatment technology and the actual operation rate of the pollution treatment facility, thereby constructing an industrial pollution source pollution discharge accounting model.

Specifically, the industrial industry is classified into a flow type production industry and a discrete type production industry according to the consistency or similarity of the production and pollution discharge laws. The industrial system in China is complete in categories, various in product categories and various and complex in production process types, and according to the national economic industry Classification (GB/T4754-2017), the industrial industry comprises 41 major categories and 666 minor categories. Although the prior method for customizing the product pollution discharge coefficient one by one according to the subclass industry can realize the full coverage of the industry, the consistency or similarity of the product pollution discharge rules of part of the industry inevitably causes the redundancy of an accounting system, so that the influence of production activities on the product pollution discharge rather than the process or the product per se is concerned when the product pollution discharge is accounted. In order to improve the accounting efficiency and reduce the coefficient redundancy, the extraction commonality and the classification accounting are realized by further identifying and classifying the industrial industry.

According to different processing modes of the production process, the invention divides the industrial industry into a flow type production industry and a discrete type production industry according to the consistency or similarity of the production and pollution discharge law, as shown in figures 1 and 2, wherein the flow type production is a process of producing raw materials in a batch or continuous mode by adopting a physical or chemical method, and the discrete type production is a processing production process of assembling and combining a plurality of parts, and the change of physical properties of the materials, such as shape, combination and the like, mainly occurs. With the principle of metabolism as a visual angle, the classification of the process type production industry and the discrete type production industry is more suitable for analyzing the correlation between the industrial production process and the pollutant discharge principle.

According to the definition and the metabolic characteristics of the flow production and the discrete production, 29 of 41 major industries in the national economic industry Classification (GB/T4754-2017) belong to the flow production industry, and 12 belong to the discrete production industry. In actual production, a part of discrete production processes also exist in the process type production industry, such as a medicament subpackaging link in the medicine manufacturing industry, and process type production processes also exist in the discrete production industry, such as a surface treatment process and the like. During the classification of the industry, the industry is divided into the dominant metabolic types, namely, the industry mainly based on discrete production is divided into the discrete production industry, and the industry mainly based on flow production is divided into the flow production industry.

Specifically, in the process of identifying and extracting accounting units in different types of industries to form an accounting unit suitable for modular accounting, a multi-criterion accounting unit screening method is respectively established according to the metabolic characteristics of flow-type production and discrete production by comprehensively evaluating the current situations and trends of regional labor division and specialized production in industrial production activities in China. The accounting unit refers to a set of production processes (also called a pollutant production section) which can be independently produced and operated in the production process and can produce and discharge pollutants, and is the most basic unit for accounting the quantity of the produced and discharged pollutants of the industrial pollution source. The judgment of the accounting unit in the flow production industry aims to meet the consistency between the production process of the product and the operation state of the enterprise; the judgment of the accounting unit in the discrete production industry aims at the extraction of the common production link so as to meet the accounting requirements of similar production processes of different products.

According to the identification and screening criteria of the flow type and discrete type industry accounting units, the division results of 41 industry pollution discharge accounting units are shown in fig. 3, it can be seen that the number of the flow type industry accounting units is far more than that of the discrete type industry, on one hand, the product types of the flow type industry are more, the process flow is long, for example, the two industries with the most accounting units are chemical raw material and chemical product manufacturing industry 26 and petroleum processing, coking and nuclear fuel processing industry 25, the former comprises organic chemical products and inorganic chemical products, the scale of the enterprise is various, the production modes are various, the raw materials are numerous and difficult to be counted, and the production process is changed due to different products; the latter has long production flow and the downstream products are dispersed; on the other hand, according to the current situation of specialized division production, the traditional long-flow process realizes modular accounting, taking the cement industry as an example, according to the splitting rule of the flow type industry, according to the current situation of cement production in China, the whole-flow cement process is split into: the clinker production link, the cement production link and the grinding station link meet the current situation that the grinding station operates independently in the current cement industry.

Specifically, the identification and extraction of the accounting unit in the flow production industry are based on a measurable criterion, a reality criterion and a moderation criterion:

measurable criteria: the accounting unit has to have the conditions for sampling and measuring the pollutants;

the criterion of the appropriateness is as follows: the redundancy is reduced, the difficulty in obtaining parameters is increased due to the fact that the accounting unit is too thin in splitting is avoided, the integrity of the accounting unit is guaranteed, and the non-splitting of the correlation metabolic relationships such as water circulation and energy gradient utilization among technological processes is achieved.

Specifically, the identification and extraction of the accounting unit in the discrete production industry are based on a purpose criterion, an integrity criterion and a universality criterion:

the purpose criterion is as follows: extracting an accounting unit based on pollutant generation amount accounting, and focusing on processes with larger pollutant generation amount or environmental influence, such as surface treatment, coating, welding, injection molding and the like;

integrity criterion: the extracted accounting unit should be able to cover all the processes required for producing the product;

the general rule is as follows: the extracted accounting units have similarity or consistency in the aspects of the pollution discharge characteristics and the pollution discharge amount of different products in the same industry, and meet the requirement of general accounting.

Specifically, the specific way of forming the accounting unit suitable for modular accounting is as follows: the long-flow process can be divided into a plurality of accounting units, and a plurality of short-flow accounting units can be combined into the long-flow process, so that a 'detachable and combinable' modularized accounting mode is formed.

Specifically, the pollutant production influence factor combination of the accounting unit is identified and quantitatively determined, the influence factor combination refers to a factor combination which has significant influence on pollutants in a certain accounting unit, such as products, raw materials, production processes, production scale, treatment technologies and the like, and basic information of main pollutant production links, products, processes, raw materials, treatment technologies and the like in an independent accounting unit can be reflected through the influence factor combination. The sewage production intensity in the same accounting unit of different enterprises in the same combination is close, the discharge intensity is different according to the actual operation condition of the enterprise treatment facility, and a certain finally established industry influence factor combination is a result of comprehensively balancing technical and economic feasibility based on statistical theory on the basis of fully understanding the industry production activity and the current situation of the sewage production and discharge.

And when the pollution production coefficient is determined and quantified, establishing the correlation and sensitivity analysis between the pollutant production amount and certain key influence factors through regression analysis, and determining the pollution production influence factor combination of the accounting unit. Based on the method, a threshold approximation method, a decision tree method or an experience judgment method is used for establishing a combined judgment method for the influence factors of the sewage level in the industrial industry. Because the different industry pollutant generation level influence factors are different, so that the different industry pollutants need to be treated differently. For the flow type production industry, such as mining industry, the pollution coefficient is closely related to natural conditions; for example, the difference of the output volumes of mine water in different mining areas in the coal mining industry is large, and the pollution coefficient accounting needs to take the areas as main classification factors; the water content of different oil fields in the oil exploitation industry has great influence on the yield of water pollutants, and the difference of the water content of the oil fields needs to be considered when the pollution coefficient is calculated; the manufacturing industry, as well as the power, thermal, gas and water production and supply industry, generally involve combustion processes, and the production of pollutants from various boilers and kilns, for example, is primarily material dependent and secondarily affected by product, process, scale. For the discrete production industry, the production of contaminants is generally primarily product related, and where product variability is large, the influencing factors are primarily feedstock and secondarily process and scale.

The amount of contaminants produced during a manufacturing process is generally a function of product, process, feedstock, scale, and the like. For the same accounting units in any two enterprises, as long as the combination of the pollution influence factors is the same, the pollution amount generated by the same accounting units of the two enterprises can be considered to be approximately the same, and the same accounting units can be considered to be the same for analysis and research.

Specifically, the pollutant production coefficient is verified and quantized, and the pollutant production amount of the verification unit is obtained through calculation. The pollution coefficient refers to the amount of pollutants generated by producing a unit product (or using a unit raw material) under certain conditions of technical economy, management and the like.

The term "under certain conditions such as technical economy and management" generally refers to a combination of factors affecting the same product, process, raw material, or scale (hereinafter referred to as a combination). The pollutant production coefficient of a certain pollutant under a certain combination condition is the average level of the pollutant production coefficients of certain pollutants of different enterprises which meet the combination condition, namely the average pollutant production coefficient R.

When the average pollution production coefficient R is checked and quantified, different sample enterprises meeting a certain combination condition need to be selected, and the individual pollution production coefficients R of the sample enterprises are checked _β And (4) carrying out data processing modes such as weighted average or median number and the like, and calculating to obtain an average pollutant production coefficient R.

Wherein the individual fouling coefficient R _β Mainly by applying a certain combination conditionAnd the sample enterprise accounting unit is obtained by performing weighted average or arithmetic average processing and calculation on sample data of different sources and different batches.

The calculation formula of the individual pollution production coefficient is as follows:

in the formula: g _e The amount of sample contaminant production over the time of acquisition (or investigation) for a batch; m _e The total amount of product (or total amount of raw material) within a certain batch sample collection time; w is a _e The method is characterized in that the method is the weight of the pollution production coefficient of samples in different batches, if sample data in different batches are different in source (actual measurement number, historical actual measurement number, simulation data), the weight can be determined by the original sample number proportion, data difference, quality assurance and the like of data in different sources, and the sum of the weights of all batches is 1; d is the total number of samples.

The average fouling coefficient R is the individual fouling coefficient R _β The calculation is carried out in a data processing mode such as weighted average or median number.

Wherein, the weighted average method has the calculation formula as follows:

in the formula: w is a _β Weights for individual contamination coefficients of different sample enterprises are generally determined according to representativeness of the sample enterprises, and the sum of the weights is 1; r _β Individual pollution production coefficients for different sample enterprises; f is the total number of samples.

The formula for calculating the median method is as follows:

in addition, when the produced amount of a certain pollutant has a clear functional relationship with certain specific factors, the produced amount can also be expressed by a functional method.

And (3) calculating the pollutant generation amount of a certain accounting unit by using the average pollutant generation coefficient R according to the following formula:

wherein R is the fouling coefficient under a certain combination of fouling influence factors, M _i For the product yield or raw material consumption, M, of a special accounting unit i of the industry _j The product yield or raw material usage of the general accounting unit j.

The coefficient formulation of 'primary pollution common' is generally carried out according to the division of 'national economic industry classification', and the establishment of a modular product pollution discharge accounting coefficient system based on the industrial pollution source pollution discharge accounting model provided by the invention not only enhances the applicability of the coefficient, but also improves the coverage of the coefficient, and particularly for the discrete production industry with different product specifications, different functions and relatively frequent upgrading and updating, the coefficient formulation method not only can realize the accounting of the product discharge capacity in the production process of various products, but also is convenient for the dynamic updating and adjustment of the product pollution discharge coefficient. Taking the machining industry (the industry with the industry code of 33-37) as an example, 17 production and pollution discharge links are screened and extracted according to the production and processing characteristics and the main production and pollution discharge characteristics of the industry, and the method comprises the following steps: casting, forging, powder metallurgy, blanking, stamping, pretreatment, machining, resin fiber processing, welding, bonding, conversion coating processing, heat treatment, assembling, coating, inspection testing and surface treatment. Taking the manufacturing of sound equipment and the manufacturing of video recording and playing equipment as an example, the extracted 6 common production and pollution discharge working sections cover all production and pollution discharge links of the industry, and compared with the prior accounting unit, the total production and pollution discharge working section is reduced by 57.14%, and the redundancy of production and pollution discharge coefficients is greatly reduced.

Specifically, the average removal efficiency eta of the pollution treatment technology is calculated and obtained.

Under the condition of a certain influence factor combination, carrying out weighted average or arithmetic average on the pollutant removal rate data of different batches of samples in a sample enterprise of a certain pollution control technology to obtain the individual removal efficiency eta of the pollution control technology _β . At a certain influenceUnder the condition of the combination of the factors, the average removal efficiency of a certain pollution treatment technology is the average level of different removal efficiencies of different enterprises which meet the combination condition and adopt the pollution treatment technology, namely the average removal efficiency eta of the pollution treatment technology.

Individual removal efficiency eta of pollution treatment technology _β The mass difference value of a certain pollutant of a single sample enterprise before and after treatment of a treatment facility and the mass ratio before treatment are expressed in percentage, and the calculation method is as follows:

when the pollutants removed by the pollution treatment technology are water pollutants, the individual removal efficiency eta of the pollution treatment technology _β The calculation formula of (2) is as follows:

in the formula: q _SW 、Q _EW The flow of the pollutants in the water inlet and the water outlet of the treatment facility; c _SW 、C _EW The concentration of the pollutants in the wastewater at the inlet and the outlet of the treatment facility.

When the pollutant removed by the pollution treatment technology is an atmospheric pollutant, the individual removal efficiency eta of the pollution treatment technology _β The calculation formula of (2) is as follows:

Q _SG 、Q _EG the flow of the atmospheric pollutants at the inlet and the outlet of the treatment facility; c _SG 、C _EG The concentration of the atmospheric pollutants at the inlet and the outlet of the treatment facility; eta _c The collection efficiency of the facility for treating the inorganically discharged atmospheric pollutants (such as inorganically particulate matters or volatile organic compounds) on the pollutants is percent.

η _c The amount of the generated particles or volatile organic compounds in the point position of a certain pollutant, which can be collected or trapped by a treatment facility, accounts for the proportion of the total generated amount. For example, 100kg of volatile organic compounds are generated together at a certain point, and the adopted treatment facility is semi-closed gas collectionCover + active carbon adsorption, if this set of treatment facility can only collect 30kg volatile organic compounds, then this set of facility is to the entrapment efficiency of volatile organic compounds: 30 percent.

When the average removal efficiency eta of the pollution treatment technology is checked and quantified, different sample enterprises meeting a certain combination condition need to be selected, and the individual removal efficiency eta of the sample enterprises is determined _β And performing data processing modes such as weighted average or median number and the like, and calculating to obtain the average removal efficiency eta.

Wherein, the weighted average method has the calculation formula as follows:

in the formula:

removing the weight of the efficiency for different sample enterprises, wherein the weight is generally determined according to the representativeness of the sample enterprises, and the sum of the weights is 1; eta _β Removing efficiency for individuals of different sample enterprises; h is the total number of samples.

The formula for calculating the median method is as follows:

in addition, when the removal efficiency of a certain governing technology has a clear functional relationship with certain specific factors, a functional method can also be adopted to express the removal efficiency.

Specifically, the actual operation rate k of the pollution abatement facility is calculated and obtained.

The actual operation rate k of the pollution treatment facility is a parameter representing that different enterprises adopting the same environmental protection process technology and facility have different emission under the condition of the same pollution production level. By determining the actual operation rate of the pollution treatment facility, the accuracy of the actual pollution discharge statistics of enterprises is improved. The k value reflects the running state of the pollution control facility, the more stable the running is, the longer the running time is, the higher the k value is, and in terms of values, if the ideal state of continuous stable running is defined as 1, the state of discontinuous stable running is between 0 and 1. The actual operating rate is typically not measured directly, but is calculated from parameters that reflect the operating conditions of the pollution abatement facility. For example, the operating time of the pollution abatement facility is compared with the production time of the corresponding pollution production section (see the following equation), and so on.

In the formula: s. the _d The facility is operated for a long time for pollution treatment; s _sd Corresponding to the production time of the sewage production section.

In the production and pollution discharge accounting model and the construction method of the invention, a certain amount of representative sample enterprise data is needed for the formulation of accounting parameters, the calculation from individual pollution discharge coefficients to industry average pollution discharge coefficients is realized, the selection of sample enterprises adopts a mode of combining general layered sampling and random sampling, and when the selection is carried out, the representativeness of the enterprises in the aspects of products, processes, scales, raw material routes, treatment technologies, production years, start-up conditions and the like under the same influence factor combination is considered, the regional distribution difference of the production layout of the industry is also considered fully, the region with obvious regional characteristics in the industry is covered as far as possible, and the production intensive area of the industry and the enterprises representing the processing current conditions of most of the enterprises in the industry are preferably selected, such as: the potato starch manufacturing industry selects inner Mongolia places and the like, cassava starch selects Guangxi places and the like, corn starch selects Shandong places and the like, pet feed selects Hebei places and the like, soybean oil selects Shandong and northeast places as actual measurement places, in addition, main users of a production and pollution discharge accounting system are mainly enterprises which lack monitoring data or cannot adopt an actual measurement method to perform pollution discharge accounting and reporting, and representativeness of the enterprises also needs to be fully considered.

The final verification of the accounting parameters needs to be subjected to multi-stage inspection and check. All original data used for parameter formulation comprise actual measurement data, historical data, laboratory simulation data, survey data and the like, and can be used for calculation only when the data quality requirement is met; performing internal self-evaluation and check on the initially obtained check parameters according to the basis of whether the initially obtained check parameters accord with the industrial pollution discharge rules, the material balance and the like; can invite the industry, the country and the local environmental protection experts to carry out technical customs and review on the preliminary result of the accounting parameter; and after the evaluation, the checking parameters are used for the verification of non-sample enterprises to realize the checking and revising of the checking parameters, and for the parameters with larger deviation in the checking process, the checking of the parameters is realized by supplementing sample data or revising influence factor combinations and the like to form the final checking parameters.

By utilizing the model construction method, production and pollution discharge accounting methods and parameters of 41 major industrial industries (657 minor industries) are researched and formulated, 934 accounting units are obtained in total, and 31327 waste water and pollution discharge coefficients of waste gas pollutants and 101587 pollution treatment technology removal efficiencies are produced by combining 1300 main products, 1589 raw materials and 1528 process influencing factors.

Example one

This example is a calculation case for water contamination.

Certain copper mining and dressing enterprises are mainly engaged in the production of copper concentrate. The main production and pollution discharge working section related to the enterprise is two working sections of mining and mineral separation. The main pollutants in the mining section are: chemical oxygen demand, mercury, cadmium, lead, arsenic. The main pollutants of the ore dressing working section are: chemical oxygen demand, mercury, cadmium, lead, arsenic, particulate matter. The emission calculation process is described by taking the chemical oxygen demand as an example.

The basic information of the enterprise is shown in table 1.

TABLE 1 basic information of a copper mining and dressing enterprise

(1) Emission calculation in accounting link 1

Firstly, the method for calculating the chemical oxygen demand production comprises the following steps:

(1) search for pollution production coefficient and its measurement unit

According to the basic information of enterprises, the method finds out that the main product in the manual is copper ore, the main raw material is copper ore, the main process is the open mining process, and the production scale is all scales. The combined chemical oxygen demand has a fouling factor of 2.6 in grams/ton-product.

(2) Obtaining product yield of an enterprise

The actual conditions of the enterprise are as follows: the annual output of the main product copper ore in the working section is 396000 tons in 2017.

(3) Calculating chemical oxygen demand production

Since the chemical oxygen demand production pollution coefficient in the combination is found in grams/ton-product, the product yield is obtained when the chemical oxygen demand production is calculated.

Chemical oxygen demand production = chemical oxygen demand pollution factor x product (copper ore) yield =2.6 x 396000=1029.6 kg.

Secondly, the method for calculating the removal amount of the chemical oxygen demand comprises the following steps:

(1) finding average removal efficiency of pollution abatement technology

Because the chemical oxygen demand treatment technology of the mining workshop section of the enterprise adopts the precipitation separation process, the average removal efficiency of the precipitation separation process in the corresponding combination is inquired to be eta =30%.

(2) Calculating the actual operation rate of pollution control facilities

According to the combined query result of the pollution production coefficients, the actual operation rate of the pollution treatment facility corresponding to the precipitation separation method in the combination is as follows:

k = sewage treatment facility running time/enterprise uptime =7920 hr/7920 hr =1.

(3) Calculating chemical oxygen demand removal

Chemical oxygen demand removal =1029.6 × 30% × 1=308.88 kg.

Finally, the method for calculating the discharge amount of the chemical oxygen demand comprises the following steps:

the reuse rate of the waste water in the mining workshop section of the enterprise is 100 percent.

Chemical oxygen demand discharge amount = (1029.6-308.88) × (1-100%) =0 kg.

(2) Emission calculation of accounting link 2

(1) search for contamination production coefficient and measurement unit thereof

According to the basic information of enterprises, the handbook is searched for that the main product is copper concentrate, the main raw material is copper ore, the main process is a grinding and floating process, and the production scale is all scales. The combined chemical oxygen demand has a fouling factor of 231.25 in grams/ton-raw material.

(2) Obtaining the raw material consumption of enterprises

The actual conditions of the enterprise are as follows: the consumption of the main raw material copper ore in the working section in 2017 is 396000 tons.

(3) Calculating chemical oxygen demand production

Since the chemical oxygen demand pollution coefficient in the combinations found in the search is in g/ton of raw material, the raw material usage is obtained when the production is calculated.

Chemical oxygen demand production = chemical oxygen demand pollution factor x raw material (copper ore) usage =231.25 x 396000=91575 kg.

(1) finding average removal efficiency of pollution abatement technology

Because the chemical oxygen demand treatment technology of the ore dressing workshop section of the enterprise adopts the precipitation separation process, the average removal efficiency of the precipitation separation process in the corresponding combination is inquired to be eta =30%.

(2) Calculating the actual operation rate of pollution control facilities

According to the result of the combined inquiry of the sewage production coefficient, the actual operation rate of the pollution treatment facility corresponding to the chemical oxygen demand in the combination is as follows:

(3) Calculating chemical oxygen demand removal

Chemical oxygen demand removal =91575 × 30% × 1=27472.5 kg.

the reuse rate of the wastewater of the ore dressing workshop section of the enterprise is 98 percent.

Chemical oxygen demand emission amount = (91575 kg-23195.7 kg) × (1-98%) =1282.05 kg.

(3) Total emissions calculation

Total discharge of chemical oxygen demand = discharge of section 1 + discharge of section 2= 0kg +1282.05 kg =1282.05 kg.

Example two

This example is a calculation case for atmospheric pollutants.

A certain wooden furniture production enterprise is mainly engaged in the production of solid wood furniture and artificial board furniture, and the main production pollution discharge accounting links related by the enterprise are as follows: gluing, coating, drying and polishing. The main pollutants in the gluing accounting link are volatile organic compounds, the main pollutants in the coating accounting link are particulate matters and volatile organic compounds, the main pollutants in the product drying accounting link are volatile organic compounds, and the main pollutants in the polishing accounting link are particulate matters. The emission calculation process is illustrated by taking volatile organic compounds as an example.

The basic information of the enterprise is shown in table 2.

TABLE 2 basic information of certain wooden furniture manufacturing enterprises

In the above four links, the "accounting link 4: polishing "does not produce volatile organics and therefore does not account for when calculating volatile organic emissions. And other links relate to the above, so in the calculation process, the pollutant discharge amount of the first three accounting links (namely gluing, coating and product drying) needs to be calculated separately, and then the pollutant discharge amount is added and summarized to obtain the volatile organic matter discharge amount of the enterprise whole plant for one year.

(1) Emission calculation in accounting link 1

Firstly, the method for calculating the generation amount of the volatile organic compounds comprises the following steps:

(1) search for pollution production coefficient and its measurement unit

According to the basic information of enterprises, the main products in the manual are searched: solid wood furniture and artificial board furniture, the main raw materials are: the adhesive (aqueous) mainly comprises the following processes: gluing, wherein the production scale is as follows: the fouling factor of volatile organic compounds in all combinations was 52.4 in g/kg-adhesive.

(2) Obtaining the raw material consumption of enterprises

The actual conditions of the enterprise are as follows: the annual amount of the main raw material adhesive in the working section is 40232 kg.

(3) Calculating the amount of volatile organic compounds

Since the unit of the fouling coefficient of volatile organic compounds in the combinations found is g/kg-adhesive, the raw material usage is obtained when the production is calculated.

Volatile organic compound generation = volatile organic compound fouling factor × raw material (adhesive) usage

=52.4 × 40232=2108.16 kg.

Secondly, the method for calculating the removal amount of the volatile organic compounds comprises the following steps:

(1) finding average removal efficiency of pollution abatement technology

Because the enterprise volatile organic compound treatment technology adopts the low-temperature plasma process, the average removal efficiency of the low-temperature plasma process in the corresponding combination is inquired to be eta =30%.

(2) Calculating the actual operation rate of pollution control facilities

According to the combined query result of the pollution production coefficients, the calculation formula of the actual operation rate of the pollution treatment facility corresponding to the volatile organic compounds in the combination is as follows:

k = processing facility power consumption (kwh/year)/[ device power rating (kw) × run time (hours/year) ] =26400/[110 × 300] =0.8.

(3) Calculating the removal amount of the volatile organic compounds:

volatile organic removal =2108.16 × 30% × 0.8=505.96 kg.

Finally, the method for calculating the emission of the volatile organic compounds comprises the following steps:

emission of volatile organics = production of volatile organics-removal of volatile organics =2108.16-505.96=1602.2 kg.

(2) Emission calculation of accounting link 2

According to the basic information of the enterprise, the main products in the manual are searched: solid wood furniture and artificial board furniture, the main raw materials are: the paint (aqueous) mainly comprises the following processes: spray painting, the production scale is as follows: the fouling factor of volatile organic compounds in all combinations was 84 in g/kg-coating.

(2) Obtaining the raw material consumption of enterprises

The actual conditions of the enterprise are as follows: the annual consumption of the main raw material coating of the working section is 338388 kilograms.

(3) Calculating the amount of volatile organic compounds

Since the fouling factor of the volatile organic compounds in the combinations found is expressed in g/kg of coating material, the raw material quantities are obtained when the production quantities are calculated.

Volatile organic compound generation = volatile organic compound fouling factor × raw material (paint) usage

=84 × 338388=28424 kg.

(1) average removal efficiency of search treatment technology

(2) Calculating the actual operation rate of pollution control facilities

k = processing facility power consumption (kwh/year)/[ device power rating (kw) × run time (hours/year) ] =28800/[120 × 300] =0.8.

(3) Calculating the removal amount of volatile organic compounds:

volatile organic removal =28424 × 30% × 0.8=6822 kg.

emission of volatile organic compounds = production of volatile organic compounds-removal of volatile organic compounds 28424-6822 kg =21602 kg.

(3) Emission calculation in the accounting link 3

According to the basic information of the enterprise, the main products in the manual are searched: solid wood furniture and artificial board furniture, the main raw materials are: the paint (aqueous) mainly comprises the following processes: leveling/drying/airing, and the production scale is as follows: the fouling factor of volatile organic compounds in all combinations was 36 in g/kg-coating.

(2) Obtaining product yield of an enterprise

(3) Calculating the amount of volatile organic compounds produced

Volatile organic production = volatile organic fouling factor × raw material (paint) amount

=36 × 338388=12182 kg.

(1) average removal efficiency of search treatment technology

(2) Calculating the actual operation rate of pollution control facilities

k = processing facility power consumption (kwh/year)/[ device power rating (kw) × run time (hours/year) ] =24000/[100 × 300] =0.8.

(3) Calculating the removal amount of volatile organic compounds:

volatile organic removal =12182 × 30% × 0.8=2924 kg.

emission of volatile organic = emission of volatile organic-removal of volatile organic 12182-2924=9258 kg.

(4) Calculation of total emission of volatile organic compounds

The total emission of volatile organic compounds = emission of an accounting link 1 + emission of an accounting link 2 + emission of an accounting link 3 =1602.2 kg +21602 kg +9258 kg =32462.2 kg.

EXAMPLE III

This example is a calculation case for industrial solid waste.

Certain marble mining enterprises engage in ore mining. The main production and pollution discharge workshop sections related to the enterprise are as follows: and (5) a mining section. The main contaminants are: generally solid waste. The calculation process of the production amount of the industrial solid waste of the enterprise is illustrated by taking a general solid waste as an example.

The basic information of the enterprise is shown in table 3.

TABLE 3 basic information of certain Marble mining enterprises

(1) Calculation of solid waste generation amount in accounting link 1

The calculation method of the solid waste generation amount in the accounting link 1 comprises the following steps:

According to the basic information of the enterprise, the main products in the manual are searched: the natural marble block comprises the following raw materials: limestone, the main process is as follows: open-pit mining, the production scale is: the fouling factor for the typical solid waste in all combinations was 4.05 in cubic meters per cubic meter-product.

(2) Obtaining product yield of an enterprise

The actual conditions of the enterprise are as follows: the yield of the natural marble blocks 2017 in the accounting link is 20 ten thousand cubic meters.

(3) General solid waste production

Since the unit of the solid waste pollution coefficient in the inquired combination is cubic meter/cubic meter-product, the product yield is adopted when the yield is calculated.

General solid waste yield = general solid waste fouling factor × product (natural marble feedstock) yield =4.05 × 20 ten thousand =81 ten thousand cubic meters.

(2) General total solid waste yield calculation

Because the enterprise only has one industrial solid waste production section (namely a mining section), the total solid waste production of the whole enterprise plant in one year is the solid waste production of the industrial solid waste production section, namely 81 ten thousand cubic meters.

According to the industrial pollution source product pollution discharge accounting model and the construction method, the commonalities of production activities are extracted, the individuality of different production processes and treatment processes is highlighted, the significance elements in the industrial production and treatment processes are associated with the generation and discharge of pollutants, the actual requirements of industrial production and operation are met, the accounting units suitable for modularized accounting are extracted through further identification and classification of the industrial industry and according to the metabolic characteristics of different industries, the commonalities and classification accounting are extracted, the representativeness and coverage of the accounting parameters are improved, the accounting efficiency and accuracy are improved, and the accounting parameter redundancy is reduced.

Finally, it should be noted that the above is only used for illustrating the technical solutions of the present invention and not for limiting, and those skilled in the art should understand that the technical solutions of the present invention (such as the application manner of data, the application of various formulas, the sequence of steps, etc.) can be modified or substituted with equivalents without departing from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the present invention.

Claims

1. A construction method of an industrial pollution source pollution discharge accounting model is characterized in that the accounting model comprises an industry-dedicated accounting unit pollution production amount, a general accounting unit pollution production amount, an average pollution treatment technology removal efficiency and an actual pollution treatment facility operation rate, the pollution production amount is obtained by calculating the industry-dedicated accounting unit pollution production amount and the general accounting unit pollution production amount, the pollutant removal amount is obtained by calculating the pollutant production amount, the average pollution treatment technology removal efficiency and the actual pollution treatment facility operation rate, the pollutant discharge amount is obtained by calculating the pollutant production amount and the pollutant removal amount, and the accounting model has the following formula:

in the formula: p _G Is the pollutant production;

accounting the pollution output of the unit i for the industry;

the amount of pollution produced by the general accounting unit j; p _E The pollutant removal amount; eta is the average removal efficiency of the pollution treatment technology; k is the actual operation rate of the pollution treatment facility; p is _D The discharge amount of pollutants;

step three: identifying and quantitatively determining the pollution influence factor combination of the accounting unit, and accounting and quantizing the pollution coefficient to obtain the pollution amount of the accounting unit through calculation; establishing correlation and sensitivity analysis between pollutant generation amount and key influence factors through regression analysis, determining the pollutant generation influence factor combination of an accounting unit by using a threshold approximation method, a decision tree method or an experience judgment method, and distinguishing and treating the flow production industry and the discrete production industry;

in the second step, the accounting units of different types of industries are identified and extracted, and the identification and extraction of the accounting units of the flow production industry are based on a measurable criterion, a realizability criterion and a moderation criterion;

in the second step, the accounting units of different types of industries are identified and extracted, and the identification and extraction of the accounting units of the discrete production industry are based on a target criterion, an integrity criterion and a universality criterion;

the objective criterion is as follows: extracting an accounting unit based on the pollutant production amount, and paying attention to a process with large pollutant production amount or large environmental influence;

the integrity criterion is: the extracted accounting unit can cover all process procedures required by the production of products in discrete industries;

2. The method for constructing the industrial pollution source pollution discharge accounting model according to claim 1, wherein the industry-specific accounting unit pollution yield and the general accounting unit pollution yield are functions of accounting unit products, processes, raw materials, scales and other factors, and the formulas of the industry-specific accounting unit pollution yield and the general accounting unit pollution yield are as follows:

in the formula: x is a radical of a fluorine atom _P The product is obtained; x is the number of _m Is taken as a raw material; x is the number of _t Comprises the following steps of (1) preparing; x is the number of _s Is the scale; x is the number of _a Among other factors.

3. The method for constructing the industrial pollution source pollution discharge accounting model according to claim 1, wherein the second step of forming the accounting unit suitable for modular accounting is realized by the following specific steps: the long-flow process can be divided into a plurality of accounting units, and a plurality of short-flow accounting units can be combined into the long-flow process.