CN1138055C - Power generating and hydrogen producing method and unit utilizing waste gas of internal combustion engine - Google Patents
Power generating and hydrogen producing method and unit utilizing waste gas of internal combustion engine Download PDFInfo
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- CN1138055C CN1138055C CNB021164975A CN02116497A CN1138055C CN 1138055 C CN1138055 C CN 1138055C CN B021164975 A CNB021164975 A CN B021164975A CN 02116497 A CN02116497 A CN 02116497A CN 1138055 C CN1138055 C CN 1138055C
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- exhaust gas
- hydrogen
- generator
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- engine
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
- F02B63/00—Adaptations of engines for driving pumps, hand-held tools or electric generators; Portable combinations of engines with engine-driven devices
- F02B63/04—Adaptations of engines for driving pumps, hand-held tools or electric generators; Portable combinations of engines with engine-driven devices for electric generators
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
- F02B43/00—Engines characterised by operating on gaseous fuels; Plants including such engines
- F02B43/10—Engines or plants characterised by use of other specific gases, e.g. acetylene, oxyhydrogen
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
- F02B43/00—Engines characterised by operating on gaseous fuels; Plants including such engines
- F02B43/10—Engines or plants characterised by use of other specific gases, e.g. acetylene, oxyhydrogen
- F02B2043/106—Hydrogen obtained by electrolysis
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
- Y02T10/10—Internal combustion engine [ICE] based vehicles
- Y02T10/30—Use of alternative fuels, e.g. biofuels
Abstract
The present invention relates to a waste gas electricity generation and hydrogen production device and a method thereof for a practical internal combustion engine, particularly to a method and a device thereof by using the waste gas energy of an internal combustion engine to produce hydrogen gas and oxygen so as to improve the combustion of the internal combustion engine. The device is composed of a waste gas turbine, a generator, a water electrolyzing device and an electric control unit, wherein the waste gas turbine makes the waste gas energy of the internal combustion engine converted into mechanical energy; the mechanical energy is converted into electric energy by the generator; the electric energy is used for making water electrolyzed into hydrogen gas and oxygen which are controllably inputted into the internal combustion engine. All the hydrocarbon fuels of the internal combustion engine are catalyzed in the process of combustion so as to improve combustion. Thereby, the present invention increases power, saves energy and reduces discharge.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to and utilize engine exhaust gas to improve the device of combustion in IC engine, particularly utilize the internal combustion engine waste gas energy brine electrolysis to produce the device that hydrogen improves combustion in IC engine.
Background technique
Hydrogen has catalysis to the internal-combustion engine hydrocarbon fuel, shortens time lag of inflammation, and flame propagation speed makes combustion in IC engine complete, the purpose that reach energy-conservation, reduces hazardous emission, and effect is remarkable.Petrol engine for example, the thermal efficiency of mixing hydrogen rear section load can improve 7%～15%, and it is about 20%～25% that the oil consumption of low-load gasoline descends, and the CO discharge amount is reduced to 1/4 of pure gasoline, and the HC discharging is reduced to 3/4 of pure gasoline.For mixing hydrogen burning, there has been the part scholar to carry out theory and experimental study, prove and mix hydrogen for the fuel saving of internal-combustion engine and improve discharging remarkable result is arranged.At present, the generation of hydrogen is the biggest obstacle of IC engine blend hydrogen burning with storing, and does not have the source of cheap hydrogen, also exists the material weight of storage hydrogen excessive, problems such as cost height.Common product hydrogen and hydrogen-storing device mainly is following three kinds both at home and abroad:
One, metal hydrogen gas storage device
Hydrogen storage material is a main raw material with the mishmetal nickel-base alloy, hydrogen-storing device is made up of hydrogen storage cylinder and heat exchanger two parts, and alloy can adsorb hydrogen, then can discharge for motor at a certain temperature and use, this mode hydrogen-storing device volume ratio is bigger, and need add the hydrogen website.
Two, liquid hydrogen stores
Under-253 ℃ temperature,, store with thermally insulated container again liquefaction of hydrogen, spray into cylinder in the time of suitable again, this mode cost costliness, complex structure, make the energy that liquid hydrogen consumed and Duo 40% with the Gaseous Hydrogen of weight, and the liquid hydrogen vaporization loss is serious than making.
Three, apparatus for electrolyzing
It is that hydrogen provides method easily that brine electrolysis produces hydrogen, can not have the problem of storage, but brine electrolysis need consume sizable electric energy with automobile-used, produces 1NM
3Hydrogen needs the above electric energy of 4KW, if with storage battery on the car or generator electric energy (being provided by the effective merit of internal-combustion engine), owing to consume the effective merit of a large amount of internal-combustion engines, energy-saving effect is poor, weakens the effect of mixing hydrogen burning, has limited the practicability that brine electrolysis is mixed hydrogen burning.
Summary of the invention
The objective of the invention is to make the technical applicationization of IC engine blend hydrogen burning, overcome the generation cost of hydrogen and the problem of storage.The invention provides and a kind ofly produce hydrogen and realize mixing the device that hydrogen mixes combustion, reduce the discharging of internal-combustion engine harmful substance, save hydrocarbon fuel, provide oxygen simultaneously for motor and personnel's use without the effective merit of internal-combustion engine.
Technological scheme of the present invention is to utilize the energy of engine exhaust gas to provide brine electrolysis required electric energy, utilize the hydrogen of brine electrolysis generation and the burning that oxygen improves internal-combustion engine again, it comprises adopts exhaust gas turbine that exhaust energy is changed into mechanical energy, adopts generator that mechanical energy is changed into electric energy, adopts electrolytic water device to utilize electric energy to produce hydrogen and oxygen, again with in hydrogen and the oxygen input cylinder, participate in burning, improve combustion energy saving and reduce discharging.With the electric energy that exhaust energy changes into, offer electrolytic water device by exhaust gas turbine and generator, the burning that utilizes hydrogen that brine electrolysis produces and oxygen to regulate and improve internal-combustion engine reaches energy-conservation reduction discharging purpose.The heat that produces after the ordinary internal combustion engine combustion of hydrocarbon fuel has only about 1/3 to change into the effective merit of internal-combustion engine, take away by cooling water about 1/3, and take away by waste gas about 1/3, the present invention utilizes the energy of waste gas to send electric energy to solve the energy consumption problem of producing hydrogen, utilize the brine electrolysis technology again, hydrogen is promptly produced promptly to be used, solve the storage problem of hydrogen, thereby realize the practicability of IC engine blend hydrogen burning, reach the purpose of energy-conservation reduction discharging, utilize the oxygen that brine electrolysis produces simultaneously or participate in burning or use for personnel.Device of the present invention is transformed on existing Vehicular device basis as far as possible, and it is automobile-used that whole system is more suitable for.
The method of described engine exhaust gas generating and hydrogen manufacturing is to adopt turbine that internal combustion engine waste gas energy is changed into mechanical energy, adopt generator to convert mechanical energy to electric energy, utilize apparatus for electrolyzing to produce hydrogen and oxygen, the hydrogen that is produced participates in combustion in IC engine, the oxygen that is produced can enter cylinder and participate in burning, also can use for personnel.
Described engine exhaust gas generating and hydrogen-generator comprise exhaust gas by-pass valve, exhaust gas turbine, transmission device, generator, electrolysis unit, one-way valve, speed probe, control unit and coupling electronic load composition.
Generating of described engine exhaust gas and hydrogen-generator connect automatically controlled exhaust gas by-pass valve earlier by exhaust manifold, after connect exhaust gas turbine.
The exhaust gas turbine of described engine exhaust gas generating and hydrogen-generator adopts the forward curved vane impeller.
Turbine shaft one end of generating of described engine exhaust gas and hydrogen-generator is that the paired mounting angular contact ball bearing is the supporting structure that sliding bearing combines with the other end, and oil leab is contained in the centre, utilizes engine body pressure lubrication oil to be lubricated and cools off.
Adopt many wedges belt transmission between the generator of described engine exhaust gas generating and hydrogen-generator and the turbine.Apparatus for electrolyzing in described engine exhaust gas generating and the hydrogen-generator comprises electrolytic bath and vapor-liquid separator, adopts solid electrolyte (PEM).
Generator in described engine exhaust gas generating and the hydrogen-generator adopts common alternator for vehicle to transform, and utilizes storage battery excitatory, regulator not with voltage.
Generating of described engine exhaust gas and the hydrogen output that hydrogen-generator produced connect one-way valve and tap into tracheae again, and oxygen export behind one-way valve and automatically controlled three-way valve, can receive suction tude and enter cylinder and participate in burning, also can offer personnel's use.
The control unit of described engine exhaust gas generating and hydrogen-generator detects secondary speed and dynamo current, and the control exhaust gas by-pass valve opens and closes, and the open and close of control oxygen bypass valve are reported to the police simultaneously, guarantee the Security of system.
The coupling electronic load employing high power valve of described engine exhaust gas generating and hydrogen-generator sends unnecessary power consumption with generator and falls, and makes most of operating mode coupling of electrolytic water device and motor.
Advantage of the present invention:
One, recycle internal combustion engine waste gas energy, improve the efficiency of utilization of fuel, and the exhaust gas temperature that internal-combustion engine is got rid of reduces;
Two, the electric energy brine electrolysis that utilizes waste gas to send produces hydrogen, makes to mix the mixed combustion of hydrogen in the real vehicle possibility that becomes in service.Avoid using valuable hydrogen storage material, the danger of hydrogen-storage, and solved the high problem of hydrogen cost of producing.
Three, real vehicle is mixed hydrogen and is mixed combustion and not only make combustion of hydrocarbon fuel complete, saves hydrocarbon fuel, and can reduce carbon soot particles, NOx harmful substance in CO in the petrol engine, HC and the diesel emission.
Four, the oxygen of brine electrolysis generation can controlledly be imported in the cylinder, improves burning as the plateau in special operation condition and particular surroundings, also can supply with the member simultaneously and use;
Five, hydrogen and oxygen enter the pumping loss that cylinder will reduce internal-combustion engine, reduce fuel consumption.
Description of drawings
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing the present invention is done to describe further.
Fig. 1 is the system schematic of one embodiment of the present of invention.
Fig. 2 is engine exhaust gas generating and hydrogen-generator structure diagram.
Fig. 3 is the exhaust gas turbine structure diagram.
Fig. 4 is the blade profile sketch.
Fig. 5 generator schematic circuit diagram
Fig. 6 is the electrolysis unit structure principle chart.
Fig. 7 is coupling electronic load circuit theory diagrams.
Embodiment
In example shown in Figure 1, its internal-combustion engine 1 comprises petrol engine and diesel engine for the natural inflow internal-combustion engine, and 14 is air-strainer.System work process of the present invention is as follows: the high-temp waste gas that internal-combustion engine is got rid of by outlet pipe 2 flows into turbine 4, the energy drives turbine blade rotation of waste gas, convert the energy part of waste gas to mechanical energy, drive generator 7 rotations through belt transmission 6, generator 7 converts mechanical energy to electric energy, generator 7 output DCs insert coupling electronic load 32, and coupling electronic load 32 will guarantee that electrolytic water device is operated in below the design rated current.Insert electrolytic water device 8 through overmatching electronic load 32 after-currents, electrolytic water device 8 produces hydrogen and oxygen, hydrogen enters air-intake of combustion engine house steward 15 through one-way valve 9, oxygen is through one-way valve 10 and automatically controlled three-way valve 11, control or enter intake manifold 15 by control unit 13 as required and participate in burning, or staff uses.ECU (Electrical Control Unit) 13 detects 4 rotating speeds of turbine by speed probe 5, detect the electric current that generator sends by current diverter 12 simultaneously, control the opening and closing of automatically controlled exhaust gas by-pass valve 3, and control the open and close of oxygen bypass valve 11 according to specific requirement.When system works was undesired, control unit 13 was opened exhaust gas by-pass valve 3 waste gas directly is discharged to baffler 16 through bypass valve, enters atmosphere, participated in firing unit and did not then work.
Fig. 2 is seen in the mounting point of apparatus of the present invention, automatically controlled exhaust gas by-pass valve 3 closing by the electromagnetic valve valve is installed in exhaust manifold 2 upstreams, the bypass air flue inserts the front end of baffler 16, the effect of automatically controlled exhaust gas by-pass valve 3 is under the situation of turbine hypervelocity, control waste gas directly enters atmosphere through baffler without turbine, prevent because load disappears back turbine shaft hypervelocity (opening circuit or electrolytic bath opens circuit), the destruction of causing system as electricity generator stator coil.Radial-flow turbine 4 is installed in downstream at exhaust manifold 2, and turbine gas outlet air flue inserts the front end of baffler 16, and turbine shaft is connected on the axle of generator 7 by many wedges belt transmission 6, the model of poly Vbelt is PJ, wedge is several 10, step-down ratio 1.7, maximum speed 12000rpm.Electrolysis unit 8 produces hydrogen and inserts air-intake of combustion engine house steward 15 near engine cylinder-body one end through one-way valve 9, and oxygen inserts intake manifold 15 near air-strainer 14 1 ends through one-way valve 10 and automatically controlled three-way valve 11.Will pass through one-way valve before hydrogen and oxygen enter suction tude, prevent tempering, one-way valve adopts low pressure check valve to reduce the gas transport resistance.The position of the access engine intake manifold of hydrogen and oxygen is different, and hydrogen should be tried one's best and near internal combustion (IC) engine airframe end 1 incorporation time of hydrogen and oxygen be reduced, oxygen should try one's best close air-strainer end 14 so as to make oxygen and air mixing even.
For reducing exhaust back-pressure and secondary speed, blade adopts forward curved vane to see Fig. 4, forms flow channel shape by two adjacent blades A and B, the designed number of blade of example is 11, how much angles of blade import (kyphotic angle) are 50 degree, and how much angles of blade exit are 30 degree, and the turbine design rotating speed is 12000rpm.
After coming out from turbine, waste gas enters atmosphere through former car baffler 16.Turbine is selected the PJ type for use with adopting many wedges belt transmission being connected of generator, and velocity ratio is 1.7: 1, adapts to common generator to reduce generator shaft speed, and belt transmission can make things convenient for the selection of generator mounting point simultaneously.
Generator adopts common automobile-used synchronous alternator to change, generator circuit after the change is seen Fig. 5, the voltage regulator of alternator for vehicle is removed, direct current by 28 outputs of storage battery on the car is received field coil 31 through car key switch 29 and diode 30, and the Ac of stator coil output is directly received two pole plates that electrolytic bath 8 is inserted in coupling electronic load 32 backs through rectification module, owing to do not have voltage regulator, so the voltage of generator output DC and electric current are determined by apparatus for electrolyzing 8 loads and exhaust energy.
The electrolytic water device structure is seen Fig. 6, electrolytic water device adopts solid electrolyte, electrolytic water device is made up of bipolarity press filter type electrolyzer and automatic pressure balanced type vapor-liquid separator 35 2 parts, electrolytic bath electrode plate 37 is vertical arrangements parallel to each other, adopt coupled in series, electric current is from an end pole plate importing+P, by electrode via deionized water 33, be transmitted to next piece pole plate, at last by the other end pole plate output-N.Adjacent two pole plates 37 and middle PEM 36, deionized water 33 thereof are formed an electrolytic chamber, and this device is made of side by side 22 electrolytic chamber, and two ends clamp with end plate.For same pole plate, in last electrolytic chamber, produce hydrogen as negative electrode, in one electrolytic chamber of back, then produce oxygen as anode.The hydrogen and the oxygen that produce at first should pass through vapor-liquid separator 35, and the deionized water of taking out of 33 is reclaimed.The effect one of vapor-liquid separator 35 is by gravity, and the hydrogen, the oxygen that produce in the water electrolysis process are separated with circulation deionized water 33; The 2nd, utilize the pressure control of separator 35, keep negative electrode, anode chamber's pressure balance in the electrolytic bath; The 3rd, utilize the various parameters in control of vapor-liquid separator 35 and instrument thereof and the adjusting apparatus for electrolyzing running, keep a certain amount of deionized water 33.
The circuit theory of coupling electronic load is seen Fig. 7, and the coupling electronic load mainly is made up of high power valve 38, operational amplifier 40, shunt 41 and resistance 39.Its function is the electric energy that sends when generator when surpassing the rated power of electrolytic water device design, and the power consumption of overage is fallen, and guarantees the electrolytic water device proper functioning.Because the vehicular engine operating range is wider, be that engine speed and torque change greatly, corresponding exhaust energy changes greatly, so the nominal parameter of electrolytic water device design will be according to the often operating mode design of work of motor (generally get constant engine load 2/3), when engine operating condition surpasses the design conditions that adopted, motor institute waste discharge gas energy surpasses designed exhaust energy value, the electricity that causes generator to send surpasses the rating value of electrolytic water device design, will cause electrolytic water device overwork and damage, designed coupling electronic load is exactly that the energy consumption of overage is fallen.Generator output B+ terminal is received the coupling electronic load, the electronic load working principle is: when the electrolytic water device electric current surpasses design rating, the voltage at shunt 41 two ends increases, through operational amplifier 40, the base potential of high power valve 38 is raise, base current reduces, the emitter of high power valve 38 and the electric current between the collector electrode reduce, the electric current that guarantees electrolysis unit 8 is no more than the design rated current, because apparatus for electrolyzing 8 electric currents remain unchanged, when generator power increases, cause generator output end B+ voltage to increase, the drop of pressure that increases is between the collector electrode and emitter of high power valve, and the power consumpiton that makes the generator increase is on high power valve 38.
The effect of control unit 13 mainly is the safety control of system.Control unit 13 mainly by single-chip microcomputer, and the input output peripheral circuit form, whether control unit 13 is normal by detecting secondary speed and the work of dynamo current decision systems, if the turbine shaft rotating speed surpasses design load 12000rpm, control unit will be opened exhaust gas by-pass valve makes waste gas directly not enter atmosphere and report to the police simultaneously through baffler by turbine, avoids the turbine shaft hypervelocity to cause mechanical failure.Dynamo current overruns if dynamo current surpasses the specified electrolytic cell currents of design (being 40A in example), control unit will be opened exhaust gas by-pass valve makes waste gas directly not enter atmosphere and report to the police simultaneously through baffler by turbine, avoids because the excessive damage that causes generator and electrolytic bath of electric current.
System work process is as follows: the high-temp waste gas that internal-combustion engine 1 is got rid of flows into turbine 4, the energy drives turbine blade rotation of waste gas, convert the energy part of waste gas to mechanical energy, drive generator 7 rotations through belt transmission 6, generator 7 converts mechanical energy to electric energy, generator 7 output DCs are through overmatching electronic load 32 input electrolytic water devices 8, electrolytic water device 8 produces hydrogen and oxygen, hydrogen and oxygen enter air-intake of combustion engine house steward 15 through one- way valve 9,10 respectively then, participate in burning.ECU (Electrical Control Unit) 13 judges by the signals of rotational speed sensor and the generator generation current sensor signal that detect turbine shaft whether whole system work is normal, if it is undesired to work, opens the work that automatically controlled exhaust gas by-pass valve 3 comes shutdown system.
Claims (10)
1. the device of engine exhaust gas generating and hydrogen manufacturing, comprise that one changes into the exhaust gas turbine of mechanical energy with internal combustion engine waste gas energy, one changes into the generator of electric energy with mechanical energy, one utilizes the electric energy generation hydrogen of this generator and the apparatus for electrolyzing of oxygen, one control hydrogen and oxygen enter the control unit that improves combustion in IC engine in the cylinder, one consumes the coupling electronic load of the power that surpasses design rating, it is characterized in that: the blade of exhaust gas turbine adopts forward curved vane, form flow channel shape by two adjacent blades A and B, how much angles of blade import (kyphotic angle) are 50 degree, and how much angles of blade exit are 30 degree.
2. the device of engine exhaust gas generating according to claim 1 and hydrogen manufacturing is characterized in that: the axle of exhaust gas turbine supports and adopts an end is that the paired mounting angular contact ball bearing is the supporting structure that sliding bearing combines with the other end.
3. the device of engine exhaust gas according to claim 1 generating and hydrogen manufacturing, it is characterized in that: the middle case of exhaust gas turbine contains oil leab, utilizes engine body pressure lubrication oil to be lubricated and cools off.
4. the device of engine exhaust gas generating according to claim 1 and hydrogen manufacturing, it is characterized in that: generator adopts common automobile-used synchronous alternating-current generator, regulator not with voltage.
5. the device of engine exhaust gas generating according to claim 1 and hydrogen manufacturing is characterized in that: in the conveyance conduit of oxygen and hydrogen one-way valve is housed.
6. the device of engine exhaust gas generating according to claim 1 and hydrogen manufacturing is characterized in that: automatically controlled exhaust gas by-pass valve is installed between engine exhaust gas pipe and the turbine air-intake.
7. the device of engine exhaust gas generating according to claim 1 and hydrogen manufacturing is characterized in that: adopt the poly Vbelt transmission between turbine shaft and the generator shaft.
8. the device of engine exhaust gas generating according to claim 1 and hydrogen manufacturing is characterized in that: electronic load adopts high power valve to consume the dump energy that generator produces.
9. the device of engine exhaust gas generating according to claim 1 and hydrogen manufacturing is characterized in that: the design rated power of apparatus for electrolyzing, and according to the operating mode decision commonly used of concrete motor.
10. the device of engine exhaust gas generating according to claim 1 and hydrogen manufacturing is characterized in that: the apparatus for electrolyzing that adopts solid electrolyte.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CNB021164975A CN1138055C (en) | 2002-04-09 | 2002-04-09 | Power generating and hydrogen producing method and unit utilizing waste gas of internal combustion engine |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CNB021164975A CN1138055C (en) | 2002-04-09 | 2002-04-09 | Power generating and hydrogen producing method and unit utilizing waste gas of internal combustion engine |
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| CN1388308A CN1388308A (en) | 2003-01-01 |
| CN1138055C true CN1138055C (en) | 2004-02-11 |
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Cited By (1)
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| CN102953871A (en) * | 2012-11-27 | 2013-03-06 | 吴永顺 | Improved environmental protection and energy saving booster |
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| CN101900059B (en) * | 2010-03-11 | 2012-09-05 | 哈尔滨工业大学深圳研究生院 | Auxiliary combustion system of vehicle-mounted hydrogen and oxygen generator |
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2002
- 2002-04-09 CN CNB021164975A patent/CN1138055C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102953871A (en) * | 2012-11-27 | 2013-03-06 | 吴永顺 | Improved environmental protection and energy saving booster |
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