CN113804559A - High-pressure torsion extrusion method for fine-grain sample - Google Patents
High-pressure torsion extrusion method for fine-grain sample Download PDFInfo
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- 238000001125 extrusion Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 12
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 29
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 238000003475 lamination Methods 0.000 claims description 18
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 abstract description 8
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 abstract description 7
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 abstract description 6
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 abstract description 4
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000005728 strengthening Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010008 shearing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005299 abrasion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004090 dissolution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002706 hydrostatic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010687 lubricating oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009828 non-uniform distribution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001360 synchronised effect Effects 0.000 description 1
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N3/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N3/22—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress by applying steady torsional forces
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N2203/0001—Type of application of the stress
- G01N2203/0003—Steady
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N2203/0014—Type of force applied
- G01N2203/0021—Torsional
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N2203/003—Generation of the force
- G01N2203/0032—Generation of the force using mechanical means
- G01N2203/0037—Generation of the force using mechanical means involving a rotating movement, e.g. gearing, cam, eccentric, or centrifuge effects
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- Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
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- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
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Abstract
本发明公开一种细晶试样的高压扭转挤压方法，包括以下步骤：首先，将一种高压扭转挤压模具进行装配，接着，各部件装配好后，将试样放入到环形空腔的圆形平面上，上砧座下压并保压，开启旋转控制机构；最后，驱动机构驱动传动轴旋转，通过主动齿轮和从动齿轮的啮合，带动叠层套件转动，主动齿轮与从动齿轮之间的啮合比in与角速度ωn的关系式为：
The invention discloses a high-pressure torsional extrusion method for a fine-grained sample, comprising the following steps: firstly, assembling a high-pressure torsional extrusion die, and then, after each component is assembled, put the sample into an annular cavity On the circular plane, the upper anvil is pressed down and maintained, and the rotation control mechanism is turned on; finally, the driving mechanism drives the transmission shaft to rotate, and through the meshing of the driving gear and the driven gear, drives the stacking kit to rotate, and the driving gear and the driven gear rotate. The relationship between the meshing ratio i n between the gears and the angular velocity ω n is:
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of metal plastic processing strengthening, and particularly relates to a high-pressure torsion extrusion method of a fine-grain sample.
Background
High Pressure Torsion (HPT) is used as a processing strengthening method, and mainly comprises an upper anvil 1 ' and a lower anvil 2 ', as shown in fig. 1, the upper anvil 1 ' is nested on the upper part of the lower anvil 2 ', a sample 3 ' is firstly placed between the two anvils, then the upper anvil applies pressure P, the lower anvil rotates to provide shearing force, under the action of the pressure P, the upper anvil descends and presses the sample, the pressure P is usually about several GPa, and then shearing strain is applied to the sample through the rotation of the lower anvil until the required strain amount is obtained.
As can be seen from this conventional HPT process, HPT obtains ultra-fine grained material through the combined action of hydrostatic pressure, shear force and friction force. However, according to a lot of existing experiments, it is shown that, for a sample prepared by a conventional high-pressure torsion method of an integral lower anvil block, since linear velocities of points on a surface of the sample are not uniformly distributed in a radial direction, as shown in fig. 2, a linear velocity V increases linearly as a distance L (hereinafter, referred to as a center distance) from a center of the sample increases, which causes non-uniform distribution of shear strain to which the sample is subjected; the surface hardness is increased along with the increase of the center distance L, the surface structure of a sample is uneven after the traditional HPT processing, the micro galvanic corrosion is formed, the alloy dissolution is accelerated, and the corrosion resistance of the alloy after the HPT is reduced.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a high-pressure torsion extrusion method for a fine-grained sample, which reduces the mechanical property and the uneven distribution of the structure state of the sample prepared by the traditional high-pressure torsion processing along the radial direction of the sample, realizes the consistent linear velocity of each point on the surface of the sample in the torsion process, and ensures that the prepared sample has better quality.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the solution of the invention is:
a high-pressure torsion extrusion method of a fine-grained sample comprises the following steps:
firstly, assembling a high-pressure torsion extrusion die, wherein the die comprises an upper anvil block, a lower anvil block, a lamination suite and a rotation control mechanism, the lower anvil block is provided with an annular cavity, the lamination suite comprises a mandrel and a cylindrical group sleeved on the mandrel, the cylindrical group is formed by radially and sequentially overlapping and sleeving a plurality of cylindrical parts with gradually increased radiuses, the tops of the mandrel and the lamination suite form a circular plane, the circular plane is matched with the bottom of the annular cavity, the upper anvil block is matched and placed at the top of the annular cavity and moves up and down along an axial direction, and a sample is placed between the upper anvil block and the lamination suite; the bottom of each of the mandrel and the cylindrical parts is provided with a driven gear, the radiuses of the driven gears of the mandrel and the cylindrical parts are gradually increased from inside to outside, and the heights of the driven gears are gradually increased from inside to outside, so that the bottom of the laminated sleeve part forms a conical structure; the rotary control mechanism is arranged on one side of the conical structure and comprises a driving mechanism, driving gears and a transmission shaft, the driving gears are sleeved on the transmission shaft from top to bottom, the number of the driving gears is equal to the sum of the number of the mandrels and the number of the cylindrical parts, the radiuses of the driving gears are gradually increased from top to bottom one by one, the driving gears and the driven gears are meshed one by one from top to bottom, and the transmission shaft is connected with the driving mechanism;
then, after all the parts are assembled, putting the sample on a circular plane of the annular cavity, pressing down and maintaining pressure by an upper anvil block, and starting a rotation control mechanism;
finally, the driving mechanism drives the transmission shaft to rotate, the laminated sleeve is driven to rotate through the meshing of the driving gear and the driven gear, and the meshing ratio i between the driving gear and the driven gearnAnd angular velocity omeganThe relation of (A) is as follows:
after the scheme is adopted, the gain effect of the invention is as follows:
the invention adopts a plurality of coaxially nested and independently rotating laminated kits to replace the traditional integral lower anvil block, and utilizes different meshing ratios and angular velocities omega between a driven gear and a driving gear on the anvil blocknThe negative correlation of the lower anvil block realizes the differential rotation of the lower anvil block, so that the shear strain borne by each area of the sample is uniform, and the surface hardness, the grain refinement degree and the surface texture of the prepared sample are more uniform along the radial direction, so that the sample has better service performance and corrosion resistance, and a processing reinforced blank with better quality is provided for further forming a final workpiece.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of a conventional HPT die;
FIG. 2 is a graph of center-to-center distance versus line speed for a conventional HPT die lower anvil;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of the mold of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of angular velocities at various positions of the circular plane of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a graph of center-to-center distance L of a cylindrical sample surface versus linear velocity V in accordance with the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a graph of center-to-center distance L of the sample surface in the form of a ring in relation to linear velocity V in accordance with the present invention.
Reference numerals:
the device comprises an upper anvil 1, a lower anvil 2, a lamination kit 3, a mandrel 4, a cylindrical part 5, a rotation control mechanism 6, a box 7, a thrust bearing 8, a circular plane 9, a sample 10, a driven gear 11, a driving mechanism 12, a driving gear 13 and a transmission shaft 14.
Detailed Description
To obtain a diameter D0The present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific examples, taking a sample having a height H as an example.
As shown in figure 3, the invention provides a high-pressure torsional extrusion method of a fine crystal sample, and relates to a high-pressure torsional extrusion die, which comprises an upper anvil block 1, a lower anvil block 2, a lamination kit 3, a rotation control mechanism 6 and a box body 7, wherein the lower anvil block 2 is provided with an annular cavity, the lamination kit 3 comprises a mandrel 4 and a cylindrical group sleeved on the mandrel 4, the cylindrical group is formed by overlapping and sleeving a plurality of cylindrical parts 5 with gradually increased radiuses one by one in a radial direction, the fit clearance of the lamination kit 3 is less than or equal to 0.02-0.05 mm, and in the figure, b1The thickness of the wall of the cylindrical member 5, d1The diameter of the mandrel 4; the top of the lamination set 3 forms a circular plane 9, the circular plane 9 is matched at the bottom of the annular cavity, the upper anvil 1 is matched and placed at the top of the annular cavity and moves up and down along the axis, the upper anvil 1 is still used for providing downward pressure, and a test sample 10 is placed between the upper anvil 1 and the lamination set 3;
the bottom of the lamination sleeve 3 is connected with the rotation control mechanism 6, and the rotation control mechanism 6 controls the lamination sleeve 3 to rotate and controls the core shaft 4 and the angular speed of each cylindrical piece 5 to decrease progressively from inside to outside.
According to the invention, the discretization cylindrical lower anvil block 2 is formed by coaxially nesting a plurality of independently rotating cylindrical pieces 5 at the bottom of the lower anvil block 2, and the discretization degree can be unlimited, namely the wall thickness of the cylindrical lower anvil block 2 can be designed according to the needs. For the discretized lower anvil 2, because the rotation control mechanism 6 is fixed on the lower anvil, in this embodiment, the rotation control mechanism 6 takes gear transmission as an example, the mandrel 4 and the bottom of each cylindrical member 5 are provided with driven gears 11, the radii of the mandrel 4 and the driven gears 11 of the cylindrical members 5 are gradually increased from inside to outside, and the heights of the driven gears 11 are gradually increased from inside to outside, so that the bottom of the lamination set 3 forms a conical structure; the rotary control mechanism 6 is arranged on one side of the conical structure, the rotary control mechanism 6 comprises a driving mechanism 12, a driving gear 13 and a transmission shaft 14, the driving gear 13 is sleeved on the transmission shaft 14 from top to bottom, the driving gear 13 is connected to the transmission shaft 14 through a key, so that the driving gear 13 is ensured to be synchronous and does not axially move in the rotating process, and specific parameters refer to national standards GB/T1096-2003, GB/T3480.1-2019 and GB/T273.2-2018. The number of the driving gears 13 is equal to the sum of the number of the mandrels 4 and the cylindrical pieces 5, the radiuses of the driving gears 13 are gradually increased from top to bottom one by one, the driving gears 13 are meshed with the driven gears 11 from top to bottom one by one, the transmission shaft 14 is connected with the driving mechanism 12, and the driving mechanism 12 drives the transmission shaft 14 to rotate. The invention utilizes the transmission shaft 14 capable of outputting torque to drive the discretization lower anvil block 2 to rotate through the multi-stage gear, so that the circular plane 9 contacted with the sample 10 provides a torque force, the rotation angular speed of the laminated sleeve 3 is related to the meshing ratio thereof, and different rotation angular speeds are realized, so that in the processing and strengthening process of high-pressure torsion, the linear speeds of all points on the surface of the sample 10 from inside to outside are controlled to tend to be consistent by controlling different rotation angular speeds. In order to improve the structural stability, thrust bearings 8 are provided between adjacent driven gears 11, and the driven gears 11 and the thrust bearings 8 having different heights are sequentially assembled to the mandrel 4 during installation.
A box 7 is arranged below the lower anvil 2, the box 7 wraps the bottom of the lamination suite 3 below the lower anvil 2, the thickness (diameter) of the cylindrical part 5 and the mandrel 4 should be as small as possible under the condition of ensuring the strength of the cylindrical part, so as to ensure the uniformity of the performance of the obtained test sample 10 along the radial direction, and lubricating oil should be injected into the box 7 to ensure the normal operation of the mechanism and reduce the abrasion of each part.
After the components are assembled, the upper anvil block 1 is arranged on an upper press machine, a sample 10 is placed on a circular plane 9 of the annular cavity, the press machine presses down and maintains pressure, and the rotation control mechanism 6 is started; the driving mechanism 12 drives the transmission shaft 14 to rotate, and the laminated sleeve 3 is driven to rotate through the meshing of the driving gear 13 and the driven gear 11, because of the meshing ratio i between the driving gear 13 and the driven gear 11 at each stagenThe angular velocities ω of the mandrel 4 and the layers of the cylindrical part 5 being differentnIn contrast, as shown in fig. 4, the mesh ratio i between the driving gear and the driven gearnAnd angular velocity omeganThe relation of (A) is as follows:
in the process of twisting the sample at high pressure, the linear velocity distribution at each point of the surface of the cylindrical sample is shown in fig. 5, and it can be seen that compared with the traditional high-pressure twisting device, the linear velocity distribution is nearly consistent, the sample is in a horizontal sawtooth shape, the fluctuation amplitude of the linear velocity value is reduced along with the increase of the number of the laminated kits, but due to the existence of the mandrel, the linear velocity at the center of the sample is 0, and the linear velocity change at the surface of the sample contacted with the mandrel is obvious;
the advantages of the present invention are more evident for the ring sample, where the linear velocity profile at each point on the surface of the ring sample is shown in fig. 6, and there is no region with large variation in linear velocity.
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and is not intended to limit the design of the present invention, and all equivalent changes made in the design key point of the present invention fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (1)
1. A high-pressure torsional extrusion method of a fine-grained test sample is characterized by comprising the following steps:
firstly, assembling a high-pressure torsion extrusion die, wherein the die comprises an upper anvil block, a lower anvil block, a lamination suite and a rotation control mechanism, the lower anvil block is provided with an annular cavity, the lamination suite comprises a mandrel and a cylindrical group sleeved on the mandrel, the cylindrical group is formed by radially and sequentially overlapping and sleeving a plurality of cylindrical parts with gradually increased radiuses, the tops of the mandrel and the lamination suite form a circular plane, the circular plane is matched with the bottom of the annular cavity, the upper anvil block is matched and placed at the top of the annular cavity and moves up and down along an axial direction, and a sample is placed between the upper anvil block and the lamination suite; the bottom of each of the mandrel and the cylindrical parts is provided with a driven gear, the radiuses of the driven gears of the mandrel and the cylindrical parts are gradually increased from inside to outside, and the heights of the driven gears are gradually increased from inside to outside, so that the bottom of the laminated sleeve part forms a conical structure; the rotary control mechanism is arranged on one side of the conical structure and comprises a driving mechanism, driving gears and a transmission shaft, the driving gears are sleeved on the transmission shaft from top to bottom, the number of the driving gears is equal to the sum of the number of the mandrels and the number of the cylindrical parts, the radiuses of the driving gears are gradually increased from top to bottom one by one, the driving gears and the driven gears are meshed one by one from top to bottom, and the transmission shaft is connected with the driving mechanism;
then, after all the parts are assembled, putting the sample on a circular plane of the annular cavity, pressing down and maintaining pressure by an upper anvil block, and starting a rotation control mechanism;
finally, the driving mechanism drives the transmission shaft to rotate, the laminated sleeve is driven to rotate through the meshing of the driving gear and the driven gear, and the meshing ratio i between the driving gear and the driven gearnAnd angular velocity omeganThe relation of (A) is as follows:
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN118310924A (en) * | 2024-04-15 | 2024-07-09 | 山东艺海苑科技有限公司 | Repairing device for nondestructive detection of cultural relics |
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| CN118310924A (en) * | 2024-04-15 | 2024-07-09 | 山东艺海苑科技有限公司 | Repairing device for nondestructive detection of cultural relics |
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