CN113803739A - Fuel low-nitrogen combustion system for steam injection boiler - Google Patents

Fuel low-nitrogen combustion system for steam injection boiler Download PDF

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Publication number
CN113803739A
CN113803739A CN202010546185.1A CN202010546185A CN113803739A CN 113803739 A CN113803739 A CN 113803739A CN 202010546185 A CN202010546185 A CN 202010546185A CN 113803739 A CN113803739 A CN 113803739A
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China
Prior art keywords
air
flue gas
combustor
steam injection
combustion
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Pending
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CN202010546185.1A
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Chinese (zh)
Inventor
刘雨文
赵云献
徐宏国
李登平
许士军
李少民
高杰
卢文清
王贵东
史祥辉
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
China Petroleum and Chemical Corp
Sinopec Shengli Oilfield Co Binnan Oil Extraction Plant
Shengli Oilfield Shengji Petroleum Equipment Co Ltd
Original Assignee
China Petroleum and Chemical Corp
Sinopec Shengli Oilfield Co Binnan Oil Extraction Plant
Shengli Oilfield Shengji Petroleum Equipment Co Ltd
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Application filed by China Petroleum and Chemical Corp, Sinopec Shengli Oilfield Co Binnan Oil Extraction Plant, Shengli Oilfield Shengji Petroleum Equipment Co Ltd filed Critical China Petroleum and Chemical Corp
Priority to CN202010546185.1A priority Critical patent/CN113803739A/en
Publication of CN113803739A publication Critical patent/CN113803739A/en
Pending legal-status Critical Current

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    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23LSUPPLYING AIR OR NON-COMBUSTIBLE LIQUIDS OR GASES TO COMBUSTION APPARATUS IN GENERAL ; VALVES OR DAMPERS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR CONTROLLING AIR SUPPLY OR DRAUGHT IN COMBUSTION APPARATUS; INDUCING DRAUGHT IN COMBUSTION APPARATUS; TOPS FOR CHIMNEYS OR VENTILATING SHAFTS; TERMINALS FOR FLUES
    • F23L7/00Supplying non-combustible liquids or gases, other than air, to the fire, e.g. oxygen, steam
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23DBURNERS
    • F23D11/00Burners using a direct spraying action of liquid droplets or vaporised liquid into the combustion space
    • F23D11/36Details, e.g. burner cooling means, noise reduction means
    • F23D11/44Preheating devices; Vaporising devices
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23NREGULATING OR CONTROLLING COMBUSTION
    • F23N5/00Systems for controlling combustion
    • F23N5/20Systems for controlling combustion with a time programme acting through electrical means, e.g. using time-delay relays
    • F23N5/206Systems for controlling combustion with a time programme acting through electrical means, e.g. using time-delay relays using electrical or electromechanical means

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)

Abstract

A steam injection boiler fuel low-nitrogen combustion system comprises a flue gas air supply system and a flue gas automatic control system, wherein the flue gas air supply system comprises a combustor, the combustor is provided with a flue gas induced air channel and an air induced air channel, and combustion flue gas is mixed with air in the air induced air channel through the flue gas induced air channel and enters the combustor; the automatic flue gas control system comprises an air flow regulating valve and a mixed air temperature sensor, wherein the air flow regulating valve is arranged on the air induced draft channel and is connected with the PLC. The invention solves the problem of low-nitrogen combustion of the steam injection boiler. The outlet flue gas after the convection heat exchange is recycled to the air inlet duct of the combustor and is mixed with the air in the atmosphere in proportion and then enters the combustion-supporting air system of the combustor to reduce the temperature of the oil combustion area, thereby reducing the NOx generated in the combustion, and further reducing the realization of the whole process of the boiler flue gas NOx.

Description

Fuel low-nitrogen combustion system for steam injection boiler
Technical Field
The invention relates to a boiler combustion system, in particular to a boiler fuel low-nitrogen combustion system.
Background
The steam injection boiler in the oil field takes crude oil as a main fuel, the oil consumption is large in the operation process, the steam injection boiler continuously operates throughout the year in the development of thick oil, and the operation number of the steam injection boiler also tends to be increased, so that the increase of the discussion on the energy-saving measures of the steam injection boiler in the oil field is beneficial to improving the economic benefit of the oil field, and the sustainable development of the oil field is promoted. The basic principle of the oil field steam injection boiler is analyzed, and some measures about energy saving of the oil field steam injection boiler are provided, so that the attention of people is hopefully paid.
The steam injection boiler is also called wet steam generator, and is a special steam injection device for exploiting thick oil in oil field. The produced high-temperature high-pressure wet steam is injected into an oil well, and crude oil in an oil layer is heated to reduce the viscosity of thick oil, so that the flowability of the thick oil is increased, and the recovery ratio of the thick oil can be greatly improved. The steam injection boiler in the oil field takes crude oil as a main fuel, the oil consumption is large in the operation process, the steam injection boiler continuously operates throughout the year in the development of thick oil, and the operation number of the steam injection boiler also tends to be increased, so that the increase of the discussion on the energy-saving measures of the steam injection boiler in the oil field is beneficial to improving the economic benefit of the oil field, and the sustainable development of the oil field is promoted. The basic principle of the oil field steam injection boiler is analyzed, and some measures about energy saving of the oil field steam injection boiler are provided, so that the attention of people is hopefully paid.
The first concept of gravity drainage is based on the principle of water injection and salt collection, i.e. the injected fresh water dissolves the solid salt in the salt layer, the salt solution with high concentration flows downwards due to its high density, and the aqueous solution with low density floats on the top, so that the high-concentration salt solution can be continuously collected by continuously injecting water into the upper part of the salt layer and the lower part of the salt layer. The power of downward flow of the high-concentration saline solution is the density difference between water and the saline solution, and the gravity oil drainage concept is generated when the principle is applied to the steam injection thermal recovery process. The basic principle of exploiting the super heavy oil reservoir by steam assisted gravity drainage is as follows: a large amount of high-dryness steam is continuously injected into the upper part of the horizontal production well, so that a steam cavity is formed in the stratum, crude oil is heated at the edge of the steam cavity, and meanwhile, the steam is condensed into water, flows into the horizontal production well together with the crude oil by virtue of gravity, and is produced by large discharge. The steam cavity is continuously and slowly expanded, and crude oil is continuously heated, so that a continuous production process is formed until the steam cavity is expanded to an oil layer top boundary and a horizontal well control boundary.
At present, the thick oil exploitation steam injection equipment of each large oil field adopts an old-fashioned burner and a combustion mode, the burner is a common burner, and the overhigh nitrogen oxide in a smoke product brings certain difficulty for the later nitrogen oxide smoke treatment. The treatment process of nitrogen oxides in flue gas is an important component of process industry and also is a key field of energy and environment treatment. The emission of the boiler burning oil, natural gas and other energy sources exceeds the standard, the emission pollution problem also exists in the boilers burning oil, natural gas and other industrial equipment, the emission index of the nitrogen oxide is required to be further improved along with the enhancement of the environmental awareness of people and the implementation of corresponding policy measures of China, but the atmospheric pollution is still treated after pollution at present due to the limitation of the economic development level of China. The key of tail gas treatment of oil field fuel oil steam injection boiler is to control the generation amount of nitrogen oxide, and the technology of reducing thermal nitrogen oxide by utilizing flue gas recirculation is not successful precedent in oil field industry at present.
Disclosure of Invention
Through experimental research, change the combustion-supporting wind component of combustor, draw afterbody flue gas recirculation, can reach the effect that reduces NOx, its leading principle is:
NOx generated by combustion of an oil-fired boiler comes from nitrogen and oxygen in air to generate thermal NOx and fuel NOx generated by nitrogen-containing conversion of oil. When the air distribution is increased (the oxygen content and the air excess coefficient in the flue gas are increased) in the combustion process, the oxygen concentration in the combustion area is increased, and the generation amount of thermal NOx is increased rapidly. Meanwhile, atomic groups such as N-, NH-, NH 2-and the like generated by intermediate reaction of organic nitrogen compounds thermally resolved from the fuel oil are oxidized into NOx, and the fuel type NOx is greatly increased. After adopting flue gas recirculation: the smoke dilutes the combustion oxygen, so that the temperature of the oil combustion area is reduced, the highest temperature is reduced from 1620 ℃ to about 1500 ℃, the generation of NOx is convenient to inhibit, meanwhile, the temperature reduction effect of the oil combustion area is obvious, the highest temperature is reduced from about 1500 ℃ to about 1300 ℃, and the generation amount of thermal NOx is very small when the temperature is lower than 1300 ℃.
And (3) verifying from mechanism research: after the flue gas recirculation is adopted, the generation of NOx can be effectively inhibited.
Therefore, after the flue gas is recycled, the generation of NOx can be effectively reduced, the NOx content in the boiler flue gas is controlled within the national standard range, and the method becomes a new process for effectively controlling the emission of harmful substances in the flue gas of the steam injection boiler of the oil field.
Low-nitrogen combustion relies mainly on the following two technologies:
the flue gas air inflow control technology comprises the following steps:
the flue gas input is controlled by adjusting a flue gas duct valve through an online pressure anemometer, the mixing proportion is accurately controlled according to the content of NOx, and the generation of NOx is inhibited;
the air inflow control technology comprises the following steps:
the air input is controlled by adjusting an air duct valve through an online pressure anemometer, the mixing proportion is accurately controlled according to the content of NOx and the inlet air temperature, the generation of NOx is inhibited, and the burner is protected.
The specific implementation mode is as follows:
a steam injection boiler fuel low-nitrogen combustion system comprises a flue gas air supply system and a flue gas automatic control system, wherein the flue gas air supply system comprises a combustor, the combustor is provided with a flue gas induced air channel and an air induced air channel, and combustion flue gas is mixed with air in the air induced air channel through the flue gas induced air channel and enters the combustor; the automatic flue gas control system comprises an air flow regulating valve (9) and a mixed air temperature sensor, wherein the air flow regulating valve is arranged on an air induced duct and is connected with a PLC.
Preferably, an air filter is arranged on the air guide channel.
Preferably, the initial state of the air adjustment valve is fully open.
Preferably, the PLC is arranged in the control cabinet.
Preferably, the air regulating valve is connected with the PLC.
The invention solves the problem of low-nitrogen combustion of the steam injection boiler. The outlet flue gas after the convection heat exchange is recycled to the air inlet duct of the combustor and is mixed with the air in the atmosphere in proportion and then enters the combustion-supporting air system of the combustor to reduce the temperature of the oil combustion area, thereby reducing the NOx generated in the combustion, and further reducing the realization of the whole process of the boiler flue gas NOx.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural view of a boiler according to the present invention.
The reference numbers are as follows:
the device comprises a flue gas induced draft channel (1), a flue gas online pressure anemoscope (2), a flue gas temperature sensor (3), a flue gas flow regulating valve (4), an air filter (5), an air induced draft channel (6), an air temperature sensor (7), an air online pressure anemoscope (8), an air flow regulating valve (9), a mixed air temperature sensor (10), a combustor (11), a fuel inlet (12), a control cabinet (13) and a fuel heating system (14).
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail below with reference to specific embodiments and with reference to the accompanying drawings.
The first embodiment is as follows:
referring to FIG. 1, in this embodiment, boiler combustion is divided into two substantially independent circuits.
Flue gas air supply flow: mainly implemented by a flue gas air supply system, and comprises a burner 11 with stable start-up operation and NOx content of about 1029mg/m3The flue gas passes through the flue gas guide channel 1, is mixed with the air filtered by the air filter 5 through the air guide channel 6, and then enters the combustor 11, and the finally mixed flue gas forms combustion-supporting air for the fuel from the fuel inlet 12 in the combustor 11, so that the effects of reducing the combustion temperature and the oxygen content in the combustion process are achieved, and the aim of reducing NOx is finally achieved.
Flue gas automatic control flow: is mainly executed by a smoke automatic control system. A safety instrument is added to ensure the safe and stable operation of the boiler. When the furnace is started, the air flow regulating valve 9 is in a full-open state in the initial state set in the PLC, after the operation is stable, the PLC (programmable controller) in the control cabinet 13 before the flue gas is mixed is in a limit value within a set range of 220 ℃ according to the detection data of the flue gas temperature sensor 3, and the data of the air temperature sensor 7 is in a limit value within a set range of 30 ℃. The flue gas flow regulating valve 4 is opened after the flue gas flow is calculated by the PLC through a signal line according to the detection data of the flue gas online pressure anemoscope 2 and reaches the preset valve opening degree when the operation is within the limit value, and the opening degree of the air flow regulating valve 9 is adjusted after the flue gas flow is calculated in the PLC through the signal line according to the detection data of the air online pressure anemoscope 8 if the flue gas flow does not reach the expected flue gas flow. The mixed flue gas is transmitted to the PLC through a signal line according to the detection data of the mixed air temperature sensor 10, and the damage to the inner components of the combustor 11 due to overhigh temperature is avoided according to the temperature limit value set by the PLC. At the moment, the mixed combustion-supporting air is fully mixed with the atomized oil at the fuel inlet 12 for combustion, and the atomized oil can be combusted after being heated by the fuel heating system 14. The NOx content of the flue gas outlet is detected after the flue gas circulation operation is stable, and the air intake of the whole combustion can be stabilized through linkage of a PLC (programmable logic controller) by manually adjusting a flue gas flow regulating valve 4 according to the content.
The control cabinet 13 performs overall centralized control and display on the whole system, such as flue gas pressure, temperature, wind speed, valve opening, air pressure, temperature, wind speed, valve opening, mixed wind temperature and the like.
Example two:
in this embodiment, the flue gas air supply flow and the flue gas automatic control system are controlled by the control cabinet in a unified manner.
NOx smoke generated by the combustor 11 after the start of the furnace is stable in operation is mixed with air filtered by the air filter 5 through the air guide duct 6 after passing through the smoke guide duct 1 and then enters the combustor 11, and finally the mixed smoke forms combustion-supporting air for fuel from the fuel inlet 12 in the combustor 11, so that the effects of reducing combustion temperature and oxygen content in the combustion process are achieved, and the purpose of reducing NOx is finally achieved.
When the furnace is started, the air flow regulating valve 9 is in a full-open state in the initial state set in the PLC, after the operation is stable, the PLC (programmable controller) in the control cabinet 13 before the flue gas is mixed is in a limit value within a set range of 220 ℃ according to the detection data of the flue gas temperature sensor 3, and the data of the air temperature sensor 7 is in a limit value within a set range of 30 ℃. The flue gas flow regulating valve 4 is opened after the flue gas flow is calculated by the PLC through a signal line according to the detection data of the flue gas online pressure anemoscope 2 and reaches the preset valve opening degree when the operation is within the limit value, and the opening degree of the air flow regulating valve 9 is adjusted after the flue gas flow is calculated in the PLC through the signal line according to the detection data of the air online pressure anemoscope 8 if the flue gas flow does not reach the expected flue gas flow. The mixed flue gas is transmitted to the PLC through a signal line according to the detection data of the mixed air temperature sensor 10, and the damage to the inner components of the combustor 11 due to overhigh temperature is avoided according to the temperature limit value set by the PLC. At the moment, the mixed combustion-supporting air is fully mixed with the atomized oil at the fuel inlet 12 for combustion, and the atomized oil can be combusted after being heated by the fuel heating system 14. The NOx content of the flue gas outlet is detected after the flue gas circulation operation is stable, and the air intake of the whole combustion can be stabilized through linkage of a PLC (programmable logic controller) by manually adjusting a flue gas flow regulating valve 4 according to the content.
The control cabinet 13 controls the air filter 5, the burner 11, the fuel inlet 12, the air flow regulating valve 9, the flue gas flow regulating valve 4 and other components at the same time, and controls the work of each component according to a certain logic relation through a preset program to form a uniform system, so as to meet the preset requirements. The whole system is integrated. In a normal situation, the functions of the control cabinet 13 can be completed by a PLC, and in a situation where there is no special requirement in some parts, the functions can also be realized by using a personal PC or a notebook computer nearby in combination with dedicated control software. The method is more convenient for technicians to control on site and improve the technology of new equipment of old oil fields.
The foregoing is only a partial description of the preferred embodiments of the present invention. Any person skilled in the art may modify the above-described embodiments or modify them to equivalent solutions. Therefore, any simple modifications or equivalent substitutions made in accordance with the embodiments of the present invention are within the scope of the claims of the present invention.

Claims (5)

1. The utility model provides a steam injection boiler fuel low NOx combustion system which characterized in that: the device comprises a flue gas air supply system and a flue gas automatic control system, wherein the flue gas air supply system comprises a combustor (11), the combustor (11) is provided with a flue gas induced air channel (1) and an air induced air channel (6), and combustion flue gas is mixed with air in the air induced air channel (6) through the flue gas induced air channel (1) and enters the combustor (11); the flue gas automatic control system comprises an air flow regulating valve (9) and a mixed air temperature sensor (10), wherein the air flow regulating valve (9) is arranged on the air induced draft channel (6) and is connected with a PLC.
2. The steam injection boiler fuel oil low-nitrogen combustion system as set forth in claim 1, wherein: and an air filter (5) is arranged on the air guide channel (6).
3. The steam injection boiler fuel oil low-nitrogen combustion system as set forth in claim 1 or 2, wherein: the initial state of the air regulating valve (9) is full open.
4. The steam injection boiler fuel oil low-nitrogen combustion system as set forth in claim 3, wherein: the PLC is arranged in the control cabinet (13).
5. The steam injection boiler fuel oil low-nitrogen combustion system as set forth in claim 3, wherein: and the air regulating valve (9) is connected with the PLC.
CN202010546185.1A 2020-06-15 2020-06-15 Fuel low-nitrogen combustion system for steam injection boiler Pending CN113803739A (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CN202010546185.1A CN113803739A (en) 2020-06-15 2020-06-15 Fuel low-nitrogen combustion system for steam injection boiler

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Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CN202010546185.1A CN113803739A (en) 2020-06-15 2020-06-15 Fuel low-nitrogen combustion system for steam injection boiler

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CN113803739A true CN113803739A (en) 2021-12-17

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Citations (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP2182283A2 (en) * 2008-10-31 2010-05-05 Hitachi Ltd. Oxyfuel combustion boiler plant and control method for the same
CN102635852A (en) * 2012-05-02 2012-08-15 中国科学院工程热物理研究所 Fuel oil/gas boiler for reducing emission of nitric oxides and method
CN204534639U (en) * 2015-03-17 2015-08-05 胜利油田胜机石油装备有限公司 Low NOx injection boiler burner
CN105387458A (en) * 2015-12-04 2016-03-09 重庆川然节能技术有限公司 System and method for reducing emission of oxynitride of combustion equipment
CN105588135A (en) * 2016-02-22 2016-05-18 大震锅炉工业(昆山)有限公司 Smoke recirculator for boiler
CN105841143A (en) * 2016-05-25 2016-08-10 上海华之邦科技股份有限公司 System and method for reducing NOx emissions through smoke recycling
CN106705108A (en) * 2016-12-29 2017-05-24 辽宁石油化工大学 High-temperature flue gas oxygen-doped type oxygen-enriched combustion steam-injection boiler
CN210241597U (en) * 2019-06-17 2020-04-03 湖南安普诺环保科技有限公司 Low-nitrogen denitration pyrolysis organic waste gas treatment device

Patent Citations (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP2182283A2 (en) * 2008-10-31 2010-05-05 Hitachi Ltd. Oxyfuel combustion boiler plant and control method for the same
CN102635852A (en) * 2012-05-02 2012-08-15 中国科学院工程热物理研究所 Fuel oil/gas boiler for reducing emission of nitric oxides and method
CN204534639U (en) * 2015-03-17 2015-08-05 胜利油田胜机石油装备有限公司 Low NOx injection boiler burner
CN105387458A (en) * 2015-12-04 2016-03-09 重庆川然节能技术有限公司 System and method for reducing emission of oxynitride of combustion equipment
CN105588135A (en) * 2016-02-22 2016-05-18 大震锅炉工业(昆山)有限公司 Smoke recirculator for boiler
CN105841143A (en) * 2016-05-25 2016-08-10 上海华之邦科技股份有限公司 System and method for reducing NOx emissions through smoke recycling
CN106705108A (en) * 2016-12-29 2017-05-24 辽宁石油化工大学 High-temperature flue gas oxygen-doped type oxygen-enriched combustion steam-injection boiler
CN210241597U (en) * 2019-06-17 2020-04-03 湖南安普诺环保科技有限公司 Low-nitrogen denitration pyrolysis organic waste gas treatment device

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