CN113803079A - Method for maintaining tunnel face mud film during cabin opening operation of large-diameter slurry shield under pressure - Google Patents
Method for maintaining tunnel face mud film during cabin opening operation of large-diameter slurry shield under pressure Download PDFInfo
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- CN113803079A CN113803079A CN202111109286.3A CN202111109286A CN113803079A CN 113803079 A CN113803079 A CN 113803079A CN 202111109286 A CN202111109286 A CN 202111109286A CN 113803079 A CN113803079 A CN 113803079A
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 38
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 title claims description 34
- 239000000440 bentonite Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 74
- 229910000278 bentonite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 74
- SVPXDRXYRYOSEX-UHFFFAOYSA-N bentoquatam Chemical compound O.O=[Si]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O SVPXDRXYRYOSEX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 74
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 41
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 29
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 239000012466 permeate Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- GUJOJGAPFQRJSV-UHFFFAOYSA-N dialuminum;dioxosilane;oxygen(2-);hydrate Chemical compound O.[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3].O=[Si]=O.O=[Si]=O.O=[Si]=O.O=[Si]=O GUJOJGAPFQRJSV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052901 montmorillonite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 abstract description 21
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 abstract description 6
- 230000006837 decompression Effects 0.000 abstract description 4
- 230000036541 health Effects 0.000 abstract description 4
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000009412 basement excavation Methods 0.000 description 7
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 4
- 210000003128 head Anatomy 0.000 description 4
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000002411 adverse Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000003112 inhibitor Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000007670 refining Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000011398 Portland cement Substances 0.000 description 1
- CMFUZVSDFIHEAR-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Fe].[Si].[Ca] Chemical compound [Fe].[Si].[Ca] CMFUZVSDFIHEAR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000002159 abnormal effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005299 abrasion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009933 burial Methods 0.000 description 1
- OSMSIOKMMFKNIL-UHFFFAOYSA-N calcium;silicon Chemical compound [Ca]=[Si] OSMSIOKMMFKNIL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000013329 compounding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006866 deterioration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003673 groundwater Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000036571 hydration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006703 hydration reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000007689 inspection Methods 0.000 description 1
- JEIPFZHSYJVQDO-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron(III) oxide Inorganic materials O=[Fe]O[Fe]=O JEIPFZHSYJVQDO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005012 migration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000013508 migration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011707 mineral Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000149 penetrating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000035699 permeability Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004014 plasticizer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001007 puffing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000010802 sludge Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003381 stabilizer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004575 stone Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004094 surface-active agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009423 ventilation Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
- E21D9/00—Tunnels or galleries, with or without linings; Methods or apparatus for making thereof; Layout of tunnels or galleries
- E21D9/06—Making by using a driving shield, i.e. advanced by pushing means bearing against the already placed lining
- E21D9/0642—Making by using a driving shield, i.e. advanced by pushing means bearing against the already placed lining the shield having means for additional processing at the front end
- E21D9/0678—Adding additives, e.g. chemical compositions, to the slurry or the cuttings
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B28/00—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements
- C04B28/001—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements containing unburned clay
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2111/00—Mortars, concrete or artificial stone or mixtures to prepare them, characterised by specific function, property or use
- C04B2111/00034—Physico-chemical characteristics of the mixtures
- C04B2111/00146—Sprayable or pumpable mixtures
- C04B2111/00155—Sprayable, i.e. concrete-like, materials able to be shaped by spraying instead of by casting, e.g. gunite
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2111/00—Mortars, concrete or artificial stone or mixtures to prepare them, characterised by specific function, property or use
- C04B2111/00474—Uses not provided for elsewhere in C04B2111/00
- C04B2111/00724—Uses not provided for elsewhere in C04B2111/00 in mining operations, e.g. for backfilling; in making tunnels or galleries
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
- Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Dispersion Chemistry (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
- Geology (AREA)
- Excavating Of Shafts Or Tunnels (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of urban underground engineering construction, in particular to a method for maintaining a tunnel face mud film during pressurized cabin opening operation of a large-diameter mud shield, which comprises the following steps: after opening the cabin under pressure, spraying high-viscosity bentonite at the cracks of the palm mud film by using a high-pressure spray gun, so that the high-viscosity bentonite permeates into the cracks, filling and sealing the cracks, and spraying for at least one time; the high-viscosity bentonite is prepared from a grouting agent, bentonite and water according to a ratio of 1: 15-20: 35-40. The invention can greatly improve the maintenance efficiency of the tunnel face mud film when the muddy water balance shield is pressed to open the cabin, and meanwhile, the repeated pressurization and decompression are not needed during the cabin opening operation, thereby reducing the health risk brought to operators due to the pressure change.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of urban underground engineering construction, in particular to a method for maintaining a tunnel face mud film during pressurized cabin opening operation of a large-diameter mud shield.
Background
When the shield machine tunnels in a complicated and variable stratum, abnormal abrasion and other conditions of a cutter often occur, and the cutter needs to be checked and replaced by opening the cabin. In recent years, with the development of shield manufacturing technology, a shield machine develops towards the direction of large diameter and large burial depth, a large-diameter normal-pressure cutter head is developed, and when a cutter is abnormally worn, the cutter is only required to be replaced in the normal-pressure environment of a cutter head spoke arm, so that the construction efficiency is improved. Although the problem of under-pressure cabin opening tool changing is solved by the normal-pressure cutter head, the shield machine can also face the problems of damage of a stone crusher, mud cake formation of the cutter head, failure of sealing of a main drive and the like, and at the moment, the shield machine still needs to enter the cabin for inspection in time and process fault phenomena. However, shield cabin opening operation under high water pressure, high permeability and complex geological conditions has high difficulty and risk, and improper treatment often causes adverse effects such as excavation face collapse and groundwater breakdown, so the stability of the tunnel face mud film is the key to success or failure of cabin opening. The under-pressure cabin opening is a method for forming a closed mud film on an excavation surface by using mud, balancing the corresponding water and soil pressure by using air pressure, and opening the cabin under the air pressure support (CN 104121023A: a device and a method for testing the air closing value of the mud film on the excavation surface when the mud shield is under pressure to open the cabin). At present, pressurization and decompression processes are needed for cabin opening under pressure, a large amount of time is consumed, and frequent pressurization and decompression have certain influence on the bodies of cabin entering personnel. Therefore, how to continuously maintain the stability of the tunnel face mud film and avoid the situations of cracks, perforation and the like of the mud film under the action of pressure under the condition of long time of opening the chamber under pressure, a stable and safe working environment is provided for the personnel entering the chamber, and the problem of constant attention in the shield industry is formed. At present, in the process of cabin opening operation, the pressure of an excavation cabin is gradually reduced and pressure can not be maintained, so that the mud film is possibly cracked, personnel need to evacuate, and the excavation cabin is grouted again to form a new mud film. On the basis, researchers develop a new mode (CN 111042825A: a method for repairing the deterioration and ventilation of the mud film on the excavation surface when the earth pressure balance shield is opened under pressure), namely, slurry is uniformly coated on the cracks of the mud film through a brush, the pressure of the excavation chamber is increased, the slurry is maintained for a period of time to permeate into the cracks, a new mud film is formed through repeated operation, and then the pressure is reduced to enter the advancing chamber for construction. Compared with the traditional method, the method has the advantages that although the efficiency is improved, repeated pressurization and depressurization are needed, the cabin entering personnel adopt a hairbrush mode to smear, the acting area is small, and the operation efficiency is low.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the technical problems that the maintenance efficiency of the mud film on the tunnel face of the large shield is low, the pressure chamber needs to be repeatedly pressurized and decompressed and the like in the prior art, the invention provides the tunnel face mud film maintenance method during the pressurized cabin opening operation of the large-diameter mud shield, which greatly improves the maintenance efficiency of the mud film on the tunnel face when the large mud balance shield is pressurized and opened, and simultaneously, the repeated pressurization and decompression are not needed during the cabin opening operation, thereby reducing the health risk brought to operators due to the pressure change.
The invention provides a tunnel face mud film maintenance method during large-diameter slurry shield under-pressure cabin opening operation, which comprises the following steps: after opening the cabin under pressure, spraying high-viscosity bentonite at the cracks of the palm mud film by using a high-pressure spray gun, so that the high-viscosity bentonite permeates into the cracks, filling and sealing the cracks, and spraying for at least one time;
the high-viscosity bentonite is prepared from a grouting agent, montmorillonite and water according to the weight ratio of 1: 15-20: 35-40. The grouting agent is a conventional grouting agent used in the prior art and is prepared by refining a high-performance plasticizer, a surfactant, a calcium-silicon micro-expansion agent, a hydration heat inhibitor, a migration type rust inhibitor, nanoscale mineral calcium-silicon iron powder and a stabilizer or refining and compounding low-alkali low-heat portland cement and the like.
Furthermore, before the cabin is opened under pressure, the cabin entering pressure is determined through theoretical calculation and a pressure maintaining and reducing test, and the cabin entering pressure under pressure is reduced as much as possible under the condition that the good quality of a mud film is ensured so as to prolong the cabin entering working time.
Further, the viscosity of the prepared high-viscosity bentonite is 40-60 s, and the viscosity is the Markov funnel viscosity.
Further, adjusting the jet flow according to the size and the position of the crack of the mud film on the tunnel face; the crack is large, and the jet flow is increased; the crack is smaller, the jet flow is reduced, the standard that the high-viscosity bentonite completely sticks the crack is taken as the standard, the purpose is to jet the slurry with the spraying amount suitable for the size of the crack, and the crack is more fully filled.
Furthermore, the sprayed high-viscosity bentonite is in a spray shape, so that the spraying is more uniform.
Furthermore, during cabin opening operation, pressure fluctuation of the palm mud film and the air pressure cabin is observed, and if cracks or pressure fluctuation occurs, high-viscosity bentonite is sprayed again until the cracks or the pressure stability cannot be observed by naked eyes.
Furthermore, after crack spraying is finished, if the air pressure of the air pressure cabin is unstable, high-viscosity bentonite is sprayed on the palm face mud film comprehensively until the pressure of the air pressure cabin is stable, and adverse effects caused by mud film cracks which cannot be observed by naked eyes are reduced.
Further, high-pressure spray gun is hand-held type, adopts pneumatic type pressure control, and the atmospheric pressure control scope is: 11-12 bar.
Furthermore, the density of the high-viscosity bentonite is 0.2-0.4 g/cm lower than that of the hatch-opening slurry3On the one hand, the effect is that the density is small to ensure that better spraying effect can be formed in the maintenance process of the sludge filmThe high-viscosity bentonite is convenient to uniformly distribute and penetrate into cracks of a mud film; on the other hand, when the high-viscosity bentonite fills cracks on the palm surface, further water absorption occurs, and the liquid expands in the presence of water, thereby effectively filling the cracks.
As a preferred technical scheme:
the invention relates to a tunnel face mud film maintenance method during large-diameter slurry shield under-pressure cabin opening operation, which specifically comprises the following steps:
(1) before opening the cabin under pressure, confirming the required cabin entering pressure according to calculation and test;
(2) mixing a grouting agent for opening the cabin, montmorillonite and water to prepare high-viscosity bentonite, and placing the prepared high-viscosity bentonite in a high-pressure spray gun;
(3) after people enter the cabin, judging the size and the position of a mud film crack by observing the surface condition of the mud film on the palm surface, adjusting corresponding operating parameters, spraying high-viscosity bentonite by adopting a high-pressure spray gun crack, and taking the condition that the crack is completely stuck by the high-viscosity bentonite as a standard;
(4) in the cabin opening process, observing the surface condition of the tunnel face, and if a new crack appears, repeatedly spraying high-viscosity bentonite, and dynamically maintaining the tunnel face mud film;
(5) after the spraying operation is finished, if the tunnel face mud film has no cracks and/or pressure fluctuation of the air pressure cabin, the tunnel face mud film does not need to be subjected to other operations; if the tunnel face mud film cracks and/or the pressure of the air pressure cabin fluctuates, high-viscosity bentonite is sprayed on the tunnel face mud film comprehensively.
The principle of the invention is as follows: according to the invention, the high-viscosity bentonite is adopted to fill the cracks of the mud film, and the montmorillonite in the high-viscosity bentonite can enable the high-viscosity bentonite to expand after penetrating into the cracks so as to fill the cracks; the grouting agent can enable the prepared slurry to have higher strength and elastic modulus, no shrinkage after expansion and bonding force after being hardened, and enable the slurry in the crack to be full and compact; the purpose of water in the raw materials is to ensure that the high-viscosity bentonite keeps certain fluidity and is convenient for spraying by a spray gun; the high-viscosity bentonite prepared by the raw materials has the best performance; meanwhile, the invention adopts the high-pressure spray gun to fill cracks appearing on the tunnel face mud film, has high efficiency and convenient operation, and is suitable for maintaining the tunnel face mud film during the pressurized cabin opening operation of the large-diameter slurry shield.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
the method for maintaining the tunnel face mud film during the pressurized cabin opening operation of the large-diameter slurry shield adopts high-viscosity bentonite prepared by mixing a grouting agent, bentonite and water in proportion as mud film maintenance slurry, has the characteristics of high viscosity, light weight and easiness in puffing, and is easy to form uniform spraying; the high-pressure spray gun is used for filling cracks appearing on the face mud film, the wetness of the face is kept, the air tightness and the stability of the mud film can be effectively guaranteed, the high-pressure spray gun device is simple and convenient to operate, the spraying area is large, the spraying time is short, meanwhile, the air pressure chamber is not required to be repeatedly pressurized, the health risk of constructors is reduced, and the rapid dynamic maintenance of the large-diameter face mud film can be realized.
After the crack of the palm surface mud film is treated, the additional treatment is not needed, and the method is convenient and efficient.
Detailed Description
In order to make those skilled in the art better understand the technical solutions in the present invention, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Example 1
The invention relates to a tunnel face mud film maintenance method during cabin opening operation of a large-diameter slurry shield under pressure, which specifically comprises the following steps:
(1) before opening the cabin under pressure, theoretical calculation and a pressure maintaining and reducing test are carried out to ensure that the pressure of the cabin entering under pressure is reduced as much as possible under the condition of ensuring better mud film quality so as to prolong the working time of the cabin entering;
(2) taking out the grouting agent and swellingMixing and stirring soil and water to prepare mud film maintenance mud, wherein the mass ratio of the mud pressing agent to the bentonite to the water is 1:18:38, mixing is carried out, the viscosity of the mud of the bentonite mixture is kept at 50s, and the density of the high-viscosity bentonite is 0.3g/cm lower than that of the open cabin mud3；
(3) When entering the cabin, the working personnel carry the high-viscosity bentonite and the high-pressure spray gun. Observing the size and position of the cracks of the palm surface mud film, and spraying high-viscosity bentonite. And if the crack is large, adjusting the spraying flow rate and increasing the spraying flow rate. Adjust high-pressure spray gun atmospheric pressure size simultaneously, high-pressure spray gun is the hand-held type, adopts pneumatic type pressure control, and the atmospheric pressure control scope is: 11-12bar, the sprayed high-viscosity bentonite is in a spray shape and is convenient to be uniformly distributed. And after the spraying work is finished, checking the pressure fluctuation condition of the air pressure bin, if the air pressure is unstable, and if cracks which cannot be observed by naked eyes exist on the surface of the mud film, comprehensively spraying high-viscosity bentonite mud on the palm surface mud film until the pressure fluctuation of the air pressure bin is stable.
(4) And in the cabin opening operation process, observing the pressure fluctuation condition of the tunnel face mud film and the air pressure cabin, and if cracks and/or unstable pressure occur, spraying the high-viscosity bentonite again to realize dynamic maintenance of the tunnel face mud film.
(5) After the palm surface mud film is sprayed with the high-viscosity bentonite, if no crack and/or unstable pressure occurs, the mud film does not need to be additionally treated.
Example 2
The invention relates to a tunnel face mud film maintenance method during cabin opening operation of a large-diameter slurry shield under pressure, which specifically comprises the following steps:
(1) before opening the cabin under pressure, theoretical calculation and a pressure maintaining and reducing test are carried out to ensure that the pressure of the cabin entering under pressure is reduced as much as possible under the condition of ensuring better mud film quality so as to prolong the working time of the cabin entering;
(2) mixing and stirring a grouting agent, bentonite and water to prepare mud film maintenance slurry, wherein the mass ratio of the grouting agent to the bentonite to the water is 1:15:40, the viscosity of the bentonite mixture slurry is kept for 40s, and the density of the high-viscosity bentonite is 0.2g/cm lower than that of the open-cabin slurry3；
(3) When entering the cabin, the working personnel carry the high-viscosity bentonite and the high-pressure spray gun. Observing the size and position of the cracks of the palm surface mud film, and spraying high-viscosity bentonite. And if the crack is large, adjusting the spraying flow rate and increasing the spraying flow rate. Adjust high-pressure spray gun atmospheric pressure size simultaneously, high-pressure spray gun is the hand-held type, adopts pneumatic type pressure control, and the atmospheric pressure control scope is: 11-12bar, the sprayed high-viscosity bentonite is in a spray shape and is convenient to be uniformly distributed. And after the spraying work is finished, checking the pressure fluctuation condition of the air pressure bin, if the air pressure is unstable, and if cracks which cannot be observed by naked eyes exist on the surface of the mud film, comprehensively spraying high-viscosity bentonite mud on the palm surface mud film until the pressure fluctuation of the air pressure bin is stable.
(4) And in the cabin opening operation process, observing the pressure fluctuation condition of the tunnel face mud film and the air pressure cabin, and if cracks and/or unstable pressure occur, spraying the high-viscosity bentonite again to realize dynamic maintenance of the tunnel face mud film.
(5) After the palm surface mud film is sprayed with the high-viscosity bentonite, if no crack and/or unstable pressure occurs, the mud film does not need to be additionally treated.
Example 3
The invention relates to a tunnel face mud film maintenance method during cabin opening operation of a large-diameter slurry shield under pressure, which specifically comprises the following steps:
(1) before opening the cabin under pressure, theoretical calculation and a pressure maintaining and reducing test are carried out to ensure that the pressure of the cabin entering under pressure is reduced as much as possible under the condition of ensuring better mud film quality so as to prolong the working time of the cabin entering;
(2) mixing and stirring a grouting agent, bentonite and water to prepare mud film maintenance slurry, wherein the mass ratio of the grouting agent to the bentonite to the water is 1:20:35, the viscosity of the bentonite mixture slurry is kept for 60s, and the density of the high-viscosity bentonite is 0.4g/cm lower than that of the open-cabin slurry3；
(3) When entering the cabin, the working personnel carry the high-viscosity bentonite and the high-pressure spray gun. Observing the size and position of the cracks of the palm surface mud film, and spraying high-viscosity bentonite. And if the crack is large, adjusting the spraying flow rate and increasing the spraying flow rate. Adjust high-pressure spray gun atmospheric pressure size simultaneously, high-pressure spray gun is the hand-held type, adopts pneumatic type pressure control, and the atmospheric pressure control scope is: 11-12bar, the sprayed high-viscosity bentonite is in a spray shape and is convenient to be uniformly distributed. And after the spraying work is finished, checking the pressure fluctuation condition of the air pressure bin, if the air pressure is unstable, and if cracks which cannot be observed by naked eyes exist on the surface of the mud film, comprehensively spraying high-viscosity bentonite mud on the palm surface mud film until the pressure fluctuation of the air pressure bin is stable.
(4) And in the cabin opening operation process, observing the pressure fluctuation condition of the tunnel face mud film and the air pressure cabin, and if cracks and/or unstable pressure occur, spraying the high-viscosity bentonite again to realize dynamic maintenance of the tunnel face mud film.
(5) After the palm surface mud film is sprayed with the high-viscosity bentonite, if no crack and/or unstable pressure occurs, the mud film does not need to be additionally treated.
The invention adopts high-viscosity bentonite prepared by mixing the mud-pressing agent, the bentonite and the water according to a proportion as mud film maintenance mud, has the characteristics of high viscosity, light weight and easy expansion, and is easy to form uniform spraying; the high-pressure spray gun is used for filling cracks appearing on the face mud film, the wetness of the face is kept, the air tightness and the stability of the mud film can be effectively guaranteed, the high-pressure spray gun device is simple and convenient to operate, the spraying area is large, the large-diameter face mud film can be quickly and dynamically maintained, meanwhile, the air pressure chamber does not need to be repeatedly pressurized, and the health risk of construction personnel is reduced.
If the mud film on the tunnel face is cracked and dried on the surface in a certain standard section of the tunnel project of the yellow river in the south of China, the method of the embodiment 1 of the invention can control the maintenance period within 2 hours, and the maintenance period of the conventional mud film repairing method (repeatedly pressurizing and depressurizing and smearing the mud film in a brush mode by cabin entering personnel) is usually 1-2 days at present, so that the construction efficiency is greatly improved.
Although the present invention has been described in detail by way of preferred embodiments, the present invention is not limited thereto. Various equivalent modifications or substitutions can be made on the embodiments of the present invention by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention, and these modifications or substitutions are within the scope of the present invention/any person skilled in the art can easily conceive of the changes or substitutions within the technical scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A method for maintaining a face mud film during pressurized cabin opening operation of a large-diameter slurry shield is characterized in that after the cabin is opened under pressure, high-viscosity bentonite is sprayed to cracks of the face mud film by a high-pressure spray gun, so that the high-viscosity bentonite permeates into the cracks, the cracks are filled and sealed, and the spraying frequency is at least one time;
the high-viscosity bentonite is prepared from a grouting agent, montmorillonite and water according to the weight ratio of 1: 15-20: 35-40.
2. The method for maintaining the tunnel face mud film during the pressurized cabin opening operation of the large-diameter slurry shield according to claim 1, wherein before the pressurized cabin opening operation, the cabin entering pressure is determined through theoretical calculation and a pressure maintaining and reducing test.
3. The method for maintaining the tunnel face mud film during the pressurized cabin opening operation of the large-diameter slurry shield as claimed in claim 1, wherein the viscosity of the prepared high-viscosity bentonite is 40-60 s.
4. The method for maintaining the mud film on the working face of the large-diameter slurry shield during the pressurized cabin opening operation of the large-diameter slurry shield according to claim 1, wherein the spraying flow is adjusted according to the size and the position of the crack of the mud film on the working face, and the standard that the crack is completely stuck by the high-viscosity bentonite is adopted.
5. The method for maintaining the mud film on the tunnel face during the pressurized cabin opening operation of the large-diameter slurry shield as claimed in claim 1, wherein the sprayed high-viscosity bentonite is in a spray form.
6. The method for maintaining the face mud film of the large-diameter slurry shield during the pressurized cabin opening operation according to claim 1, wherein during the cabin opening operation, the pressure fluctuation of the face mud film and the pressure cabin is observed, and if the crack or the pressure fluctuation occurs, the high-viscosity bentonite is sprayed again until the crack is not observed or the pressure is stable.
7. The method for maintaining the face mud film of the large-diameter slurry shield during the pressurized cabin opening operation according to claim 1, wherein after the crack spraying is completed, if the air pressure of the air pressure cabin is unstable, the face mud film is sprayed with high-viscosity bentonite on the whole until the pressure of the air pressure cabin is stable.
8. The method for maintaining the tunnel face mud film during the pressurized cabin opening operation of the large-diameter slurry shield according to claim 1, wherein the high-pressure spray gun is handheld, pneumatic pressure control is adopted, and the air pressure control range is as follows: 11-12 bar.
9. The method for maintaining the mud film on the tunnel face during the pressurized cabin opening operation of the large-diameter slurry shield as claimed in claim 1, wherein the density of the high-viscosity bentonite is 0.2-0.4 g/cm lower than that of the cabin opening slurry3。
10. The method for maintaining the tunnel face mud film during the pressurized cabin opening operation of the large-diameter slurry shield according to any one of claims 1 to 9, which is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) before opening the cabin under pressure, confirming the required cabin entering pressure according to calculation and test;
(2) mixing a grouting agent for opening the cabin, montmorillonite and water to prepare high-viscosity bentonite, and placing the prepared high-viscosity bentonite in a high-pressure spray gun;
(3) after people enter the cabin, judging the size and the position of a mud film crack by observing the surface condition of the mud film on the palm surface, adjusting corresponding operating parameters, and performing spraying high-viscosity bentonite crack filling treatment by adopting a high-pressure spray gun crack, wherein the standard that the crack is completely stuck by the high-viscosity bentonite is adopted;
(4) in the cabin opening process, observing the surface condition of the tunnel face, and if a new crack appears, repeatedly spraying high-viscosity bentonite, and dynamically maintaining the tunnel face mud film;
(5) after the spraying operation is finished, if the tunnel face mud film has no cracks and/or pressure fluctuation of the air pressure cabin, the tunnel face mud film does not need to be subjected to other operations; if the tunnel face mud film cracks and/or the pressure of the air pressure cabin fluctuates, high-viscosity bentonite is sprayed on the tunnel face mud film comprehensively.
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