CN113802149A - Method for extracting metallic iron from zinc kiln slag - Google Patents

Method for extracting metallic iron from zinc kiln slag Download PDF

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CN113802149A
CN113802149A CN202110919176.7A CN202110919176A CN113802149A CN 113802149 A CN113802149 A CN 113802149A CN 202110919176 A CN202110919176 A CN 202110919176A CN 113802149 A CN113802149 A CN 113802149A
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kiln slag
zinc
metallic iron
zinc kiln
temperature
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严红燕
罗超
李慧
梁精龙
李晨晓
曹卫刚
王乐
许彦可
李运刚
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North China University of Science and Technology
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    • C25ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25CPROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC PRODUCTION, RECOVERY OR REFINING OF METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25C3/00Electrolytic production, recovery or refining of metals by electrolysis of melts
    • C25C3/34Electrolytic production, recovery or refining of metals by electrolysis of melts of metals not provided for in groups C25C3/02 - C25C3/32
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Abstract

The invention discloses a method for extracting metallic iron from zinc kiln slag, which comprises the steps of taking zinc kiln slag and a graphite rod as a cathode electrode and an anode electrode respectively, inserting the zinc kiln slag and the graphite rod into a molten salt system formed by mixing and melting sodium chloride and potassium chloride in a protective gas atmosphere, carrying out molten salt constant-tank-pressure electrolysis reaction, and finally cleaning and drying the cathode electrode to obtain the metallic iron. The method has the advantages of simple operation, simple process, high recovery rate of the metallic iron, low energy consumption, less pollutant discharge and suitability for industrial production, and solves the problems of low extraction rate and high extraction difficulty caused by the complex zinc kiln slag system in the traditional process. The method is suitable for extracting the metallic iron from the zinc kiln slag.

Description

Method for extracting metallic iron from zinc kiln slag
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of metallurgical engineering, relates to zinc kiln slag, and particularly relates to a method for extracting metallic iron from zinc kiln slag.
Background
The zinc kiln slag is residue produced by adding a certain amount of coke into leaching slag (zinc tailings) produced after zinc hydrometallurgy of zinc ores, and recovering metals such as zinc, lead and the like through high-temperature reduction in a rotary kiln. At present, most of the zinc kiln slag in China is not reasonably utilized and is stacked in a smelting plant. With the national attention on environmental protection, the treatment method not only occupies a large amount of land resources, but also the heavy metals in the kiln slag are easy to migrate or permeate underground along with rainwater, and the environment is greatly damaged. The main chemical components of the zinc kiln slag comprise iron oxide, silicon dioxide, calcium oxide, aluminum oxide and the like, and the main chemical components and the contents are shown in the following table:
Figure BDA0003206816870000011
therefore, a large amount of metallic iron still exists in the zinc kiln slag.
At present, zinc kiln slag is generally sold to a cement plant at a lower price to be used as an ingredient, so that valuable metals are not recycled, the utilization efficiency is low, and the zinc kiln slag belongs to low-added-value utilization. Because coke or various reagents are added in the treatment process of the zinc tailings to extract the metal zinc, the content of valuable metals in the generated zinc kiln slag is greatly reduced, and meanwhile, a zinc kiln slag system is relatively complicated, and the factors greatly improve the difficulty of the recovery work of the valuable metals in the zinc kiln slag.
The traditional process has the following treatment methods for zinc kiln slag:
(1) a beneficiation method: the optimal process flow is a flotation-magnetic separation-flotation full open circuit test, the recovery of Ag in the process flow is better, but the granularity requirements in the two flotation process flows are different, and the grinding treatment must be carried out independently. Pengwei and the like treat zinc kiln slag through a flotation-magnetic separation process, firstly adopt flotation to preferentially recover carbon, and then adopt magnetic separation to recover iron from tailings after flotation, and the results show that the recovery rates of carbon and iron respectively reach 85.60% and 68.24%, so that the method has high economy, but also needs to refine the grinding part, which inevitably increases the operation process and cost;
(2) reduction and vulcanization, namely adding a certain amount of reducing agent during reduction smelting to reduce the melting temperature of the obtained product (from original 1600 ℃ to 1250-. The collection of pure Fe obtained in this case is of great interest, but the problem to be taken into account is the SO released from the flue gases2The impact of contamination problems;
(3) blast furnace method: in the production process, the zinc kiln slag is mixed with a certain amount of coke and a vulcanizing agent, and then the mixture is put into a blast furnace for smelting, and finally three products of zinc oxide smoke dust, slag and copper matte are obtained. The process only enriches and recovers copper and zinc in the zinc kiln slag, and the zinc kiln slag has high iron content and high utilization value and is not recycled;
(4) melting chlorination volatilization method: the process has the advantages of self-heating and high enrichment rate of valuable elements in the ash, the Liuzhihong and the like adopt a melting chlorination volatilization method to treat kiln slag at all mouths, and researches show that the melting chlorination volatilization time and the usage amount of a chlorinating agent are controlled to enable lead, copper and germanium to reach higher volatilization rates of 96.79%, 97.36%, 82.71% and 91.78%, respectively, but the volatilization rates of zinc and copper are low, and the volatilization index of gallium is not ideal. Moreover, the method has a main problem that chlorination volatilization has a great influence on the corrosivity of equipment in the industrial production process;
(5) the molten bath smelting process is developed in australia and other countries and has many advantages, such as: energy saving, simple operation andand the comprehensive recovery of valuable metals. The zinc leaching slag of the Tabar land smelting plant is treated by a molten pool smelting method in Zhou Hongwu and the like, and research results show that the recovery rate of silver by adding a capture agent is up to more than 90 percent, the recovery rates of other valuable metals such as copper and zinc are more than 80 percent, the recovery rate of lead is up to 90 percent, and the lead is better recovered, but the number of reversion times is increased in the process, and SO also exists2And (4) pollution problem.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a method for extracting metallic iron from zinc kiln slag, which aims to solve the problem of waste of a large amount of metal resources caused by low utilization rate of the zinc kiln slag in the traditional process, fully utilize valuable metallic iron in the zinc kiln slag and improve the added value of the zinc kiln slag.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the technical scheme that:
a method for extracting metallic iron from zinc kiln slag comprises the following steps in sequence:
s1, fixing a zinc kiln slag material on an electrode bar to serve as a cathode electrode; the stone taking ink stick is fixed on the electrode bar and is used as an anode;
s2, mixing sodium chloride and potassium chloride, and heating to melt to obtain a molten salt system;
s3, respectively inserting a cathode electrode and an anode electrode into a molten salt system to form a reaction system in the atmosphere of protective gas, and carrying out molten salt constant-tank-pressure electrolysis reaction;
and S4, after the electrolytic reaction is finished, cooling the reaction system, taking out the cathode, and sequentially cleaning and drying to obtain the metallic iron.
In the step S1, the hardness of the zinc kiln slag material is 5.5-10 HB.
As another limitation, the zinc kiln slag material is residue produced after zinc tailings produced after zinc smelting of zinc ores are subjected to high-temperature reduction and zinc and lead are recovered.
As a third limitation, in step S2, the molar ratio of sodium chloride to potassium chloride is 1: 0.4-2.5;
the temperature after heating is 160-240 ℃, and the heat preservation time is 2-6 h;
the heating rate is 3-8 ℃/min, the temperature after heating is 360-440 ℃, and the heat preservation time is 12-24 h.
As a fourth limitation, in step S3, the protective gas is argon or nitrogen;
the mass ratio of the cathode electrode to the molten salt system to the anode electrode is 1: 100-150: 6-12;
the electrolytic reaction temperature is 750-950 ℃, the time is 8-12h, and the voltage is 2-3 v.
As a fifth limitation, in step S4, the temperature after cooling is 15-35 ℃;
the cleaning is to sequentially wash in distilled water and ultrasonic waves;
the drying is carried out at the temperature of 100 ℃ and 150 ℃ for 30-70 min.
Due to the adoption of the technical scheme, compared with the prior art, the invention has the technical progress that:
firstly, the method for extracting metallic iron from zinc kiln slag provided by the invention adopts a molten salt electro-deoxidation mode to recover the metallic iron, solves the problems of low extraction rate and large extraction difficulty caused by the complex zinc kiln slag system in the traditional process, and simultaneously avoids the problems of serious environmental pollution, higher reaction temperature and the like caused by the addition of a reducing agent or a vulcanizing agent and other various reagents in the traditional process;
the method for extracting the metallic iron from the zinc kiln slag has the advantages of simple operation, simple process and high recovery rate of the metallic iron, the temperature in the reaction process is 750-year-old 950 ℃, and compared with 1250-year-old 1300 ℃ in the traditional process, the temperature of the reaction system is lower, so that the energy consumption is reduced, and the method conforms to the concept of green environmental protection;
according to the method for extracting the metallic iron from the zinc kiln slag, provided by the invention, sodium chloride and potassium chloride are used as molten salt systems, and compared with the molten salt systems of aluminum chloride and calcium chloride in the traditional electro-deoxidation process, the method has the advantages that the cost is reduced and the reaction rate is improved.
The method is suitable for extracting the metallic iron from the zinc kiln slag.
Drawings
The invention will be described in more detail with reference to the following figures and embodiments:
FIG. 1 is a molten salt phase diagram of a KCl-NaCl molten salt system in example 1 of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of an electrolytic reaction used in examples 1 to 6 of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is an XRD spectrum of the product of the electrolysis of example 1 of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The present invention is further illustrated by the following specific examples, which are to be construed as merely illustrative, and not limitative of the remainder of the disclosure.
Example 1A method for determining the amounts of the Components of a molten salt System
The following six groups of molten salt systems alpha are prepared respectively16And melting, respectively, and measuring molten salt phase diagrams of six groups of solids, as shown in figure 1:
α11mol (58.5g) of anhydrous sodium chloride;
α20.2mol (11.7g) of anhydrous sodium chloride and 0.8mol (59.6g) of anhydrous potassium chloride;
α30.4mol (23.4g) of anhydrous sodium chloride and 0.6mol (44.7g) of anhydrous potassium chloride;
α40.6mol (35.1g) of anhydrous sodium chloride and 0.4mol (29.8g) of anhydrous potassium chloride;
α50.8mol (46.8g) of anhydrous sodium chloride and 0.2mol (14.9g) of anhydrous potassium chloride;
α61mol (74.5g) of anhydrous potassium chloride;
as can be seen from fig. 1, the molar ratio of sodium chloride to potassium chloride is 1: 0.4-2.5, the state of the molten salt system reaches the optimal value, and the temperature of the molten salt system is kept at a lower level, namely 657-700 ℃.
Example 2 method for extracting metallic iron from zinc kiln slag
The reaction principle of this example is shown in FIG. 2.
The embodiment comprises the following steps which are carried out in sequence:
a. taking zinc kiln slag (namely leaching slag (zinc tailings) generated after zinc ore is subjected to zinc hydrometallurgy and adding a certain amount of coke, reducing the slag at high temperature in a rotary kiln and recovering metals such as zinc, lead and the like), grinding the slag in a ball mill to powder with uniform granularity, compacting 10kg of the powder into blocks under the condition that the pressure is 8MP, sintering the blocks in a muffle furnace at the temperature of 700 ℃ for 6 hours to enhance the hardness of the zinc kiln slag material, and preparing the zinc kiln slag material for later use; the detection shows that the hardness of the zinc kiln slag material is 7.8 HB;
b. respectively grinding 10000mol (585kg) of anhydrous sodium chloride and 10000mol (745kg) of anhydrous potassium chloride, uniformly mixing, firstly heating to 160 ℃ and preserving heat for 4h, removing physical adsorption water, then continuously heating to 360 ℃ at the speed of 5 ℃/min and preserving heat for 18h, removing chemical binding water, and preparing a molten salt system;
c. fixing zinc kiln slag material on an electrode bar as a cathode electrode; fixing 80kg of graphite rod on an electrode rod as an anode, immersing a cathode and the anode into a molten salt system in an argon atmosphere, turning on a direct-current stabilized voltage power supply, adjusting the electrolytic voltage to be 2.3V, and carrying out electrolytic reaction at the temperature of the molten salt system of 800 ℃ for 10 h;
d. and cooling the reaction system after the electrolysis reaction to 25 ℃, taking out the cathode, fully cleaning with distilled water, cleaning with ultrasonic waves to remove residual molten salt in the cathode slice, placing in a drying box at 120 ℃ for drying for 50min to obtain 5.78kg of reaction product, and performing XRD detection on the reaction product, wherein the detection result is shown in figure 3.
As can be seen from fig. 2: the main phase of the product after electrolysis is metallic Fe phase, and the secondary phase has less FeO phase, Ca2(Al2O3) And Ti4O7And the experimental result shows that the elemental metal Fe can be extracted from the zinc kiln slag by a molten salt electrodeoxidation method, and the Fe content in the electrolysis product is 86.75 percent by XRD analysis.
Examples 3-7 method for extracting metallic iron from Zinc kiln slag
Examples 3 to 7 are each a method for extracting metallic iron from zinc kiln slag, which are carried out according to the reaction principle shown in fig. 2, and which have substantially the same steps as in example 1, except for the differences in the process parameters, as detailed in table 1:
Figure BDA0003206816870000051
Figure BDA0003206816870000061

Claims (9)

1. a method for extracting metallic iron from zinc kiln slag is characterized by comprising the following steps in sequence:
s1, fixing zinc kiln slag materials on an electrode bar as a cathode electrode, and fixing a stone ink stick on the electrode bar as an anode electrode;
s2, mixing sodium chloride and potassium chloride, and heating to melt to obtain a molten salt system;
s3, respectively inserting a cathode electrode and an anode electrode into a molten salt system to form a reaction system in the atmosphere of protective gas, and carrying out molten salt constant-tank-pressure electrolysis reaction;
and S4, after the electrolytic reaction is finished, cooling the reaction system, taking out the cathode, and sequentially cleaning and drying to obtain the metallic iron.
2. The method for extracting metallic iron from zinc kiln slag as claimed in claim 1, wherein in step S1, the hardness of the zinc kiln slag material is 5.5-10 HB.
3. The method for extracting metallic iron from zinc kiln slag according to claim 1, wherein the zinc kiln slag material is residue produced after zinc tailings produced after zinc smelting of zinc ores are subjected to high-temperature reduction and zinc and lead are recovered.
4. The method for extracting metallic iron from zinc kiln slag according to any one of claims 1-3, wherein in step S2, the molar ratio of sodium chloride to potassium chloride is 1: 0.4-2.5;
the temperature after heating is 160-240 ℃, and the heat preservation time is 2-6 h;
the heating rate is 3-8 ℃/min, the temperature after heating is 360-440 ℃, and the heat preservation time is 12-24 h.
5. The method for extracting metallic iron from zinc kiln slag according to any one of claims 1-3, wherein in step S3, the protective gas is argon or nitrogen;
the mass ratio of the cathode electrode to the molten salt system to the anode electrode is 1: 100-150: 6-12;
the electrolytic reaction temperature is 750-950 ℃, the time is 8-12h, and the voltage is 2-3 v.
6. The method for extracting metallic iron from zinc kiln slag according to any one of claims 1-3, wherein in step S4, the temperature after cooling is 15-35 ℃;
the cleaning is to sequentially wash in distilled water and ultrasonic waves;
the drying is carried out at the temperature of 100 ℃ and 150 ℃ for 30-70 min.
7. The method for extracting metallic iron from zinc kiln slag as claimed in claim 4, wherein in step S3, the protective gas is argon or nitrogen;
the mass ratio of the cathode electrode to the molten salt system to the anode electrode is 1: 100-150: 6-12;
the electrolytic reaction temperature is 750-950 ℃, the time is 8-12h, and the voltage is 2-3 v.
8. The method for extracting metallic iron from zinc kiln slag as claimed in claim 4, wherein in step S4, the temperature after cooling is 15-35 ℃;
the cleaning is to sequentially wash in distilled water and ultrasonic waves;
the drying is carried out at the temperature of 100 ℃ and 150 ℃ for 30-70 min.
9. The method for extracting metallic iron from zinc kiln slag as claimed in claim 5, wherein in step S4, the temperature after cooling is 15-35 ℃;
the cleaning is to sequentially wash in distilled water and ultrasonic waves;
the drying is carried out at the temperature of 100 ℃ and 150 ℃ for 30-70 min.
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