CN113801657A - 一种儿茶酚胺特异性响应型铁掺杂碳纳米点及其制备方法与应用 - Google Patents
一种儿茶酚胺特异性响应型铁掺杂碳纳米点及其制备方法与应用 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明提供了一种儿茶酚胺特异性响应型铁掺杂碳纳米点及其制备方法与应用,解决了现有碳纳米点治疗肿瘤受限于外部光源,对于诸如嗜铬细胞瘤此类不易定位诊断,易转移导致很难及时有效治疗、且术后易复发的肿瘤无法起到很好的定位诊断治疗效果的技术问题。本发明碳纳米点中含有二价铁离子,由如下重量份组分制备获得:碳源20~200份,铁源20~200份,氮源20~200份,醋酸钠20~200份,钝化剂20~200份,溶剂40~160份。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于生物医学材料领域,具体涉及一种儿茶酚胺特异性响应型铁掺杂碳纳米点及其制备方法与应用。
背景技术
由于癌细胞具有浸润性并且易随血液转移,在身体各个器官都有侵袭富集的可能性,会导致组织生长失控,给手术切割、化疗、放疗等传统治疗方式带来了极危的复发风险和不确定性。根据世界卫生组织国际癌症研究机构(IARC)发布的全球最新癌症统计数据显示,2020年全球新发癌症病例1929万例、死亡病例996万例。尽管对于抗肿瘤的研究得到广泛关注和研究,但目前主要治疗方式依旧是手术切割、化疗、放疗等,治疗时效堪忧且效果亟待提高。癌症严重影响到人们生活质量,造成的社会性问题触目惊心,因此研究新型抗癌方式刻不容缓,探索快速、精准、高效的癌症诊疗技术迫在眉睫。
碳纳米点作为新型零维碳材料在抗肿瘤研究领域取得并具有了一定进展和理论基础,但目前其在肿瘤治疗领域主要涉及光热治疗和光动力治疗,二者治疗效果都受限于外部光源;对于诸如嗜铬细胞瘤此类具有较高的转移性、浸润性、不易定位诊断的肿瘤很难做到及时有效治疗,同时其过度分泌儿茶酚胺会造成一系列严重的并发症,术后易复发,传统碳纳米点无法起到很好的定位诊断治疗效果。
因此,有必要研发一种针对嗜铬细胞瘤此类特殊肿瘤的新型诊疗药物或方法。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于解决现有碳纳米点治疗肿瘤受限于外部光源,对于诸如嗜铬细胞瘤此类不易定位诊断,易转移导致很难及时有效治疗、且术后易复发的肿瘤,无法起到很好定位诊断治疗效果的技术问题不足之处,提供了一种儿茶酚胺特异性响应型铁掺杂碳纳米点及其制备方法与应用。
为实现上述目的,本发明所提供的技术解决方案是:
一种儿茶酚胺特异性响应型铁掺杂碳纳米点,其特殊之处在于:该碳纳米点中含有二价铁离子,由如下重量份组分制备获得:
进一步地,其粒径为1~200nm。
进一步地,所述碳源为柠檬酸、聚噻吩、多胺、葡萄糖、壳聚糖、纤维素、邻苯二酚、甲酰胺、核黄素和竹红菌素中的一种或多种;
所述铁源为六水合三氯化铁、铁氰化铁、乙酰丙酮铁和四氧化三铁中的一种或多种;
所述氮源为尿素、氨水、四甲基联苯胺和硝酸中的一种或多种;
所述钝化剂为聚乙二醇、聚丙二醇、聚丁二醇一种或多种;
所述溶剂为超纯水、乙二醇、乙醇、二甲基亚砜和二甲基甲酰胺中的一种或多种。
上述一种儿茶酚胺特异性响应型铁掺杂碳纳米点的制备方法,其特殊之处在于,包括以下步骤:
1)将碳源、铁源、氮源、醋酸钠、钝化剂溶解或分散在溶剂中,得到有效溶液;
2)利用溶剂热法使步骤1)得到的有效溶液于120-240℃下加热6-24h,得到碳纳米点混合物溶液;
3)将步骤2)得到的碳纳米点混合物溶液离心,收集上清液,然后用透析袋对上清液进行透析,将透析好的溶液过滤膜,收集滤液,冻干得到儿茶酚胺特异性响应型铁掺杂碳纳米点,该碳点内部含有二价铁离子。
进一步地,步骤3)中,所述离心的条件是:转速为5000~10000r,时间为5~20min。
上述儿茶酚胺特异性响应型铁掺杂碳纳米点在制备肿瘤定位或诊断纳米药物中的应用。
进一步地,利用荧光/核磁共振双模态成像判断铁掺杂碳纳米点的分布位置,进而实现对肿瘤的定位或诊断;比如:荧光成像、核磁共振。
上述儿茶酚胺特异性响应型铁掺杂碳纳米点在制备富含儿茶酚胺环境下治疗肿瘤的原位化学动力学药物中的应用,即只要在肿瘤周围构建有儿茶酚胺环境,就可以利用含有本发明制备的铁掺杂碳纳米点的药物治疗肿瘤。
进一步地,所述肿瘤类型为嗜铬细胞瘤。
一种肿瘤定位或诊断纳米药物,其特殊之处在于:由上述儿茶酚胺特异性响应型铁掺杂碳纳米点制备而成。
一种儿茶酚胺环境下治疗肿瘤的原位化学动力学药物,其特殊之处在于:由上述儿茶酚胺特异性响应型铁掺杂碳纳米点制备而成。
本发明的机理:
相比于传统治疗方式,化学动力学疗法基于肿瘤微环境特性,利用因被动靶向而富集在肿瘤部位的含过渡金属的功能纳米材料,引发肿瘤原位芬顿或类芬顿反应,消耗过氧化氢产生羟基自由基(·OH)等强氧化性的活性氧物种(ROS),从而氧化破坏肿瘤细胞的磷脂、酶、蛋白质和DNA等生物大分子来诱导肿瘤细胞凋亡,实现对肿瘤的高效、快速杀伤。由于正常组织中的过氧化氢含量较少,芬顿反应在一定程度上会受到抑制,保证了化学动力学治疗在正常组织的生物安全性。
儿茶酚胺具有还原性可以和铁掺杂碳纳米点所含的二价铁离子进行竞争,因为两者都可以与氧化性物质过氧化氢发生反应;所以原则上儿茶酚胺的存在会消耗掉部分过氧化氢从而减少芬顿反应继而降低化学动力学治疗效果。但是,本发明研究发现在儿茶酚胺存在的情况下,可以促进铁掺杂碳纳米点原位芬顿反应,即儿茶酚胺结构分子可特异性促进铁掺杂碳纳米点芬顿反应,加速其消耗过氧化氢产生羟基自由基,从而氧化破坏肿瘤细胞。同时,可利用铁掺杂碳纳米点在肿瘤的富集效应,实现对肿瘤精准定位。所以通过在肿瘤原位构建富含儿茶酚胺的微环境可以有效激发铁掺杂碳纳米点的响应性,从而对肿瘤达到高效的诊断以及杀伤。
本发明的优点:
1.本发明制备的铁掺杂碳纳米点对暴露于儿茶酚胺微环境的肿瘤具有优良的诊疗效果、良好的生物相容性。铁掺杂碳纳米点自身具有的荧光特性和铁磁性可作为信号,在成像系统辅助下,用于肿瘤的诊断定位,从而介导儿茶酚胺特异性促进铁掺杂碳纳米点对肿瘤进行化学动力学治疗,实现快速、精准、高效地杀伤肿瘤细胞。
2.本发明制备的铁掺杂碳纳米点富集能力更强,可提升诊断定位的精确性。
3.本发明基于肿瘤微环境特性以及碳纳米点自身优势,对碳纳米点进一步掺杂修饰,从而发展一种多功能化、高效原位杀伤肿瘤的碳纳米点诊疗剂,无疑具有重大生物医用意义。通过深入系统研究碳纳米点与掺杂元素的构效关系,可为了解碳纳米点与掺杂金属之间的构效关系提供新的思路,为碳材料得生物医疗发展提供了新思路。
附图说明
图1为儿茶酚胺特异性响应型铁掺杂碳纳米点可用于嗜铬细胞瘤诊疗的工作机理图;
图2为实施例1制备的儿茶酚胺特异性响应型铁掺杂碳纳米点的TEM图;
图3为不同条件下实施例1制得的儿茶酚胺特异性响应型铁掺杂碳纳米点催化过氧化氢产生羟基自由基的电子自旋共振图谱;
图4为实施例1和实施例3制备的儿茶酚胺特异性响应型铁掺杂碳纳米点对HeLa和PC-12肿瘤细胞的化学动力学治疗效果;
图5为实施例1制备的儿茶酚胺特异性响应型铁掺杂碳纳米点在不同波长激发下的荧光光谱图;
图6为实施例1制备的儿茶酚胺特异性响应型铁掺杂碳纳米点在不同条件处理下的实物光学图像;
图7利用染色分析儿茶酚胺特异性响应型铁掺杂碳纳米点在不同环境下产生羟基自由基的能力;
图8为实施例1制备的儿茶酚胺特异性响应型铁掺杂碳纳米点的吸收光谱图。
具体实施方式
以下结合附图和具体实施例对本发明的内容作进一步的详细描述:
实施例1:将六水合三氯化铁(67.5mg)、醋酸钠(180mg)、聚乙二醇(50mg)、乙二醇(40ml)、柠檬酸(100mg)、尿素(200mg)搅拌混匀配制溶液,加入溶剂热反应釜,于200℃加热8小时。将所得混合物溶液离心,取上清液透析,过孔径为220nm滤膜,冻干,制备出儿茶酚胺响应型铁掺杂碳纳米点。
儿茶酚胺特异性响应型碳点可用于嗜铬细胞瘤诊疗的工作原理如图1所示:
由于纳米材料对肿瘤组织具有被动靶向效应,铁掺杂碳纳米点在嗜铬细胞瘤大量富集,同时基于铁掺杂碳纳米点自身的荧光特性和磁性,利用荧光/核磁共振双模态成像可判断碳纳米点在体内的分布,进而实现对嗜铬细胞瘤的精准诊断定位。同时,嗜铬细胞瘤微环境存在过量儿茶酚胺,可促进铁掺杂碳纳米点的肿瘤原位芬顿反应,加速其消耗过氧化氢产生羟基自由基,从而氧化破坏肿瘤细胞,达到肿瘤诊疗一体化目的。
由图2透射电镜图可以看出,实施例1制备的儿茶酚胺特异性响应型铁掺杂碳纳米点为球形,粒径大致为40nm左右。
为了验证制备的儿茶酚胺特异性响应型铁掺杂碳纳米点产生自由基的具体情况,检测获得了不同条件下的儿茶酚胺特异性响应型铁掺杂碳纳米点催化过氧化氢产生羟基自由基的电子自旋共振图谱,如图3所示,验证了铁掺杂碳纳米点在同时存在过氧化氢和儿茶酚胺的情况下产生的羟基自由基最多这一特点。与此同时,还利用染色对儿茶酚胺特异性响应型铁掺杂碳纳米点在不同环境下产生羟基自由基的能力进行了分析,结果如图7所示,也证明了在过氧化氢和儿茶酚胺的存在下,可以有效促进铁掺杂碳纳米点产生羟基自由基。
同时还进一步对实施例1制备的儿茶酚胺特异性响应型铁掺杂碳纳米点进行了荧光检测和吸光检测,结果分别如图5和图8所示,证明了铁掺杂碳纳米点的荧光具有激发波长依赖性,发现了铁掺杂碳纳米点吸收波长大概在650nm处。通过使用荧光/核磁共振双模态成像介导其对嗜铬细胞瘤的高效、精准、快速地诊疗。本发明还对实施例1制备的儿茶酚胺特异性响应型铁掺杂碳纳米点在不同条件处理下进行了实物光学图像处理,如图6所示,颜色不同。
实施例2:将四氧化三铁(80mg)、聚乙二醇(50mg)、乙二醇(40ml)、柠檬酸(100mg)、尿素(200mg)搅拌混匀配制溶液,加入溶剂热反应釜于,于200℃加热8小时。将所得混合物溶液离心,取上清液透析,过孔径为220nm滤膜,冻干,制备出儿茶酚胺响应型铁掺杂碳纳米点。
实施例3:将六水合三氯化铁(67.5mg)、醋酸钠(180mg)、聚乙二醇(50mg)、乙二醇(40ml)、多胺(80mg)、尿素(200mg)搅拌混匀配制溶液,加入溶剂热反应釜于,于200℃加热8小时。将所得混合物溶液离心,取上清液透析,过孔径为220nm滤膜,冻干,制备出儿茶酚胺响应型铁掺杂碳纳米点。
实施例4:将六水合三氯化铁(67.5mg)、醋酸钠(180mg)、聚乙二醇(50mg)、乙二醇(40ml)、柠檬酸(100mg)、氨水(120mg)搅拌混匀配制溶液,加入溶剂热反应釜于,于200℃加热8小时。将所得混合物溶液离心,取上清液透析,过孔径为220nm滤膜,冻干,制备出儿茶酚胺响应型铁掺杂碳纳米点。
实施例5:将六水合三氯化铁(67.5mg)、醋酸钠(180mg)、聚乙二醇(50mg)、超纯水(40ml)、柠檬酸(100mg)、尿素(200mg)搅拌混匀配制溶液,加入溶剂热反应釜于,于200℃加热8小时。将所得混合物溶液离心,取上清液透析,过孔径为220nm滤膜,冻干,制备出儿茶酚胺响应型铁掺杂碳纳米点。
实施例6:将六水合三氯化铁(67.5mg)、醋酸钠(180mg)、聚丙二醇(40mg)、乙二醇(40ml)、柠檬酸(100mg)、尿素(200mg)搅拌混匀配制溶液,加入溶剂热反应釜于,于200℃加热8小时。将所得混合物溶液离心,取上清液透析,过孔径为220nm滤膜,冻干,制备出儿茶酚胺响应型铁掺杂碳纳米点。
为了验证儿茶酚胺特异性响应型铁掺杂碳纳米点对肿瘤细胞的化学动力学治疗效果,本发明利用实施例1和实施例3制备的儿茶酚胺特异性响应型铁掺杂碳纳米点分别对HeLa和PC-12肿瘤细胞进行了化学动力学治疗,具体过程为:
将PC-12细胞在96孔板中(每个孔1/1.5/2万细胞/100μl)孵育一天后加不同浓度的葡萄糖氧化酶(每列100/75/50/30/20/10ng/ml,每个孔100μl)或葡萄糖氧化酶(30ng/ml)+铁掺杂碳纳米点(0.2mg/ml),共孵育一天/两天后加阿玛兰染色(每次共900μl+9mlPC-12培养基,每个孔100μl),染色后4小时酶标仪计数,结果如图4所示,发现在存在过氧化氢时,铁掺杂碳纳米点对PC12细胞治疗效果好,因为PC-12会特异性分泌儿茶酚胺;如此,也进一步验证了儿茶酚胺结构分子可特异性促进本发明制备的铁掺杂碳纳米点芬顿反应,加速其消耗过氧化氢产生羟基自由基,从而氧化破坏肿瘤细胞。
在此基础上,本发明还对采用不同原料配比(碳源为柠檬酸、聚噻吩、多胺、葡萄糖、壳聚糖、纤维素、邻苯二酚、甲酰胺、核黄素和竹红菌素中的一种或多种;铁源为六水合三氯化铁、铁氰化铁、乙酰丙酮铁和四氧化三铁中的一种或多种;氮源为尿素、氨水、四甲基联苯胺和硝酸中的一种或多种;钝化剂为聚乙二醇、聚丙二醇、聚丁二醇一种或多种;溶剂为超纯水、乙二醇、乙醇、二甲基亚砜和二甲基甲酰胺中的一种或多种),按照本发明方法制备了铁掺杂碳纳米点,具体步骤为:1)将碳源、铁源、氮源、醋酸钠、钝化剂溶解或分散在溶剂中,得到有效溶液;2)利用溶剂热法使步骤1)得到的有效溶液于120-240℃下加热6-24h,得到碳纳米点混合物溶液;3)将步骤2)得到的碳纳米点混合物溶液离心,收集上清液,然后用透析袋对上清液进行透析,将透析好的溶液过滤膜,收集滤液,冻干得到儿茶酚胺特异性响应型铁掺杂碳纳米点。针对不同条件下制备的铁掺杂碳纳米点进行了相应的检测,发现其均能在儿茶酚胺存在的情况下,加速消耗过氧化氢产生羟基自由基,从而氧化破坏肿瘤细胞。
以上所述,仅为本发明的具体实施方式,但本发明的保护范围并不局限于此,任何熟悉本技术领域的技术人员在本发明公开的技术范围内,可轻易想到各种等效的修改或替换,这些修改或替换都应涵盖在本发明的保护范围之内。
Claims (10)
2.根据权利要求1所述儿茶酚胺特异性响应型铁掺杂碳纳米点,其特征在于:其粒径为1~200nm。
3.根据权利要求2所述儿茶酚胺特异性响应型铁掺杂碳纳米点,其特征在于:
所述碳源为柠檬酸、聚噻吩、多胺、葡萄糖、壳聚糖、纤维素、邻苯二酚、甲酰胺、核黄素和竹红菌素中的一种或多种;
所述铁源为六水合三氯化铁、铁氰化铁、乙酰丙酮铁和四氧化三铁中的一种或多种;
所述氮源为尿素、氨水、四甲基联苯胺和硝酸中的一种或多种;
所述钝化剂为聚乙二醇、聚丙二醇、聚丁二醇一种或多种;
所述溶剂为超纯水、乙二醇、乙醇、二甲基亚砜和二甲基甲酰胺中的一种或多种。
4.权利要求1-3任一所述一种儿茶酚胺特异性响应型铁掺杂碳纳米点的制备方法,其特征在于,包括以下步骤:
1)将碳源、铁源、氮源、醋酸钠、钝化剂溶解或分散在溶剂中,得到有效溶液;
2)利用溶剂热法使步骤1)得到的有效溶液于120-240℃下加热6-24h,得到碳纳米点混合物溶液;
3)将步骤2)得到的碳纳米点混合物溶液离心,收集上清液,然后用透析袋对上清液进行透析,将透析好的溶液过滤膜,收集滤液,冻干得到儿茶酚胺特异性响应型铁掺杂碳纳米点。
5.根据权利要求4所述所述制备方法,其特征在于:
步骤3)中,所述离心的条件是:转速为5000~10000r,时间为5~20min。
6.权利要求1~3任一所述儿茶酚胺特异性响应型铁掺杂碳纳米点在制备肿瘤定位或诊断纳米药物中的应用。
7.根据权利要求6所述的应用,其特征在于:利用荧光/核磁共振双模态成像判断铁掺杂碳纳米点的分布位置。
8.权利要求1~3任一所述儿茶酚胺特异性响应型铁掺杂碳纳米点在制备儿茶酚胺环境下治疗肿瘤的原位化学动力学药物中的应用。
9.一种肿瘤定位或诊断纳米药物,其特征在于:由权利要求1~3任一所述儿茶酚胺特异性响应型铁掺杂碳纳米点制备而成。
10.一种儿茶酚胺环境下治疗肿瘤的原位化学动力学药物,其特征在于:由权利要求1~3任一所述儿茶酚胺特异性响应型铁掺杂碳纳米点制备而成。
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