CN113799007A - Method for manufacturing special alloy steel billet grinding wheel - Google Patents
Method for manufacturing special alloy steel billet grinding wheel Download PDFInfo
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- CN113799007A CN113799007A CN202111068838.0A CN202111068838A CN113799007A CN 113799007 A CN113799007 A CN 113799007A CN 202111068838 A CN202111068838 A CN 202111068838A CN 113799007 A CN113799007 A CN 113799007A
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
- B24D—TOOLS FOR GRINDING, BUFFING OR SHARPENING
- B24D18/00—Manufacture of grinding tools or other grinding devices, e.g. wheels, not otherwise provided for
- B24D18/0009—Manufacture of grinding tools or other grinding devices, e.g. wheels, not otherwise provided for using moulds or presses
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
- B24D—TOOLS FOR GRINDING, BUFFING OR SHARPENING
- B24D18/00—Manufacture of grinding tools or other grinding devices, e.g. wheels, not otherwise provided for
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
- B24D—TOOLS FOR GRINDING, BUFFING OR SHARPENING
- B24D3/00—Physical features of abrasive bodies, or sheets, e.g. abrasive surfaces of special nature; Abrasive bodies or sheets characterised by their constituents
- B24D3/02—Physical features of abrasive bodies, or sheets, e.g. abrasive surfaces of special nature; Abrasive bodies or sheets characterised by their constituents the constituent being used as bonding agent
- B24D3/20—Physical features of abrasive bodies, or sheets, e.g. abrasive surfaces of special nature; Abrasive bodies or sheets characterised by their constituents the constituent being used as bonding agent and being essentially organic
- B24D3/28—Resins or natural or synthetic macromolecular compounds
- B24D3/285—Reaction products obtained from aldehydes or ketones
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
- B24D—TOOLS FOR GRINDING, BUFFING OR SHARPENING
- B24D3/00—Physical features of abrasive bodies, or sheets, e.g. abrasive surfaces of special nature; Abrasive bodies or sheets characterised by their constituents
- B24D3/34—Physical features of abrasive bodies, or sheets, e.g. abrasive surfaces of special nature; Abrasive bodies or sheets characterised by their constituents characterised by additives enhancing special physical properties, e.g. wear resistance, electric conductivity, self-cleaning properties
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Polishing Bodies And Polishing Tools (AREA)
Abstract
The invention provides a method for manufacturing a special alloy billet grinding wheel, which comprises the following steps: putting the raw materials for grinding the grinding wheel into a mixer according to the volume ratio to obtain a mixture, and heating and extruding the mixture through double rollers to obtain a molding material; after the molding material is put into the isolated gate, cold pressing is carried out to obtain a grinding wheel green body, the grinding wheel green body is subjected to hot pressing and then is demoulded, and the grinding wheel obtained after demould is sent into a hardening furnace for hardening treatment; sharpening the outer circle of the grinding wheel after the hardening treatment; and (5) detecting the grinding wheel, and packaging and warehousing qualified products. The mixture is heated and extruded by the pair rollers, so that the abrasive particles in the mixture and the powder auxiliary material can be fully bonded together, the mixture after heating and extrusion is sieved by the sieve, the uniformity of the mixture is improved, the problem that the mixture is easy to layer and pile is solved, the molding material is equally fed by the isolation grid during molding, the improvement of the balance performance of the grinding wheel is ensured, and the application quality of the grinding wheel is improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of grinding wheel production, in particular to a manufacturing method of a special alloy billet grinding wheel.
Background
The grinding wheel is also called a consolidation grinding tool, and is a consolidation grinding tool which is formed by consolidating common grinding materials into a certain shape (mostly circular, with a through hole in the center) by a binding agent and has certain strength. It is generally composed of abrasive, bond and air holes, which are often referred to as the three elements of a bonded abrasive tool. According to different classes of binders, ceramic (binder) grinding wheels, resin (binder) grinding wheels, and rubber (binder) grinding wheels are common. The grinding wheel is the one with the largest use amount and the widest use range in the grinding tool, rotates at high speed when in use, and can perform coarse grinding, semi-fine grinding, slotting, cutting and the like on the excircle, the inner circle, the plane, various molded surfaces and the like of a metal or nonmetal workpiece.
The surface of various alloy blanks and alloy steel castings is required to be polished, a polishing grinding wheel is required, and the conventional polishing grinding wheel has the related problems of low grinding efficiency, low durability, low safety performance and the like.
Therefore, there is a need to develop a method for manufacturing a special alloy steel billet grinding wheel, which can improve the grinding efficiency, durability and safety performance of the grinding wheel.
Disclosure of Invention
The present invention is directed to solving one of the technical problems of the prior art or the related art.
Therefore, the invention provides a method for manufacturing a special alloy billet grinding wheel.
In view of the above, the present invention provides a method for manufacturing a special alloy billet grinding wheel, wherein the method comprises:
step 2, after the molding material is put into an isolation gate, cold pressing is carried out to obtain a grinding wheel blank, the grinding wheel blank is subjected to hot pressing and then is subjected to demolding, and the polished grinding wheel obtained after demolding is sent into a hardening furnace for hardening treatment;
and 4, detecting the grinding wheel, and packaging and warehousing qualified products.
Further, the grinding wheel comprises the following raw materials in volume ratio:
the zirconium corundum is more than or equal to 40% and less than or equal to 65%, the phenolic resin is more than or equal to 20% and less than or equal to 30%, the furfural resin is more than or equal to 1.5% and less than or equal to 2.5%, the calcium oxide is more than or equal to 5% and less than or equal to 10%, the iron sulfide is more than or equal to 2% and less than or equal to 3%, and the anthracene oil is more than or equal to 1% and less than or equal to 1.5%, wherein the powder material is phenolic resin, calcium oxide and iron sulfide, the liquid material is furfural resin and anthracene oil, and the zirconium corundum is granularity sand.
Further, the step 1 comprises:
101, stirring and mixing the phenolic resin, the calcium oxide and the iron sulfide powder at a high speed in a closed mixing tank for 5 to 6 minutes until the materials are uniform, and taking out an initial mixture for later use;
102, putting the zirconia-corundum into the mixing tank, adding the furfural resin, mixing for 3 to 4 minutes, putting the initial mixture into the mixing tank, mixing for 5 to 6 minutes, and finally adding the anthracene oil, mixing for 3 to 4 minutes to obtain the mixture;
103, heating and extruding the mixture through the pair rollers, and screening the extruded mixture through a screen to obtain the molding material.
Further, in the step 102, the temperature of the raw materials is maintained at 40 ℃ to 45 ℃ during the mixing process of the mixing tank.
Further, the step 2 comprises:
step 201, assembling a mold: assembling a lower template, a core rod and a die sleeve together in sequence, and placing the isolation gate into the die sleeve;
202, weighing the molding material according to 6 equal parts, sequentially putting the molding material into the isolation grid, removing the isolation grid after flattening, scraping the material surface, putting the molding material into an upper template, feeding the molding material into the lower part of a press head of a press, and carrying out cold pressing to obtain a grinding wheel blank;
step 203, sending the grinding wheel blank to an oil press with a heating plate for hot pressing and then demoulding;
and 204, intensively loading the grinding wheel blank obtained after demolding into the hardening furnace, and heating according to a hardening curve to harden again so as to improve the hardening rate of the grinding wheel blank.
Further, the hot pressing temperature is 175 ℃ to 180 ℃ and the temperature is kept for 30 minutes.
Furthermore, the isolation grid is formed by dividing the inner cavity of the die into 6 equal parts according to 360 degrees of the circumference, and is made of a thin steel plate.
Further, the detecting includes: size detection, balance detection, hardness detection and strength detection.
Further, before the mixture is obtained, the raw materials are placed into a drying chamber or a drying box to be heated so as to volatilize free water, and the raw materials with the free water removed are placed into a special oven for 48 hours to 50 hours so as to remove the balance water in the raw materials.
Further, the special oven comprises a heating device, a heat preservation device and an exhaust fan.
The technical scheme provided by the invention can have the following beneficial effects:
the mixture is heated and extruded by the pair rollers, so that abrasive particles in the mixture and powder auxiliary materials can be fully bonded together, the mixture after heating and extrusion is sieved by the sieve, the uniformity of the mixture is improved, the problem that the mixture is easy to layer and pile is solved, the molding materials are equally fed by the isolation grids during molding, the improvement of the balance performance of the grinding wheel is ensured, the application quality of the grinding wheel is improved, and the grinding efficiency, durability and safety performance of the grinding wheel are improved.
It is to be understood that both the foregoing general description and the following detailed description are exemplary and explanatory only and are not restrictive of the invention, as claimed.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings, which are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, illustrate embodiments consistent with the invention and together with the description, serve to explain the principles of the invention.
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments or technical solutions in the prior art of the present invention, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or prior art will be briefly described below, and it is obvious for those skilled in the art that other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative efforts.
FIG. 1 is a schematic flow diagram illustrating a method of manufacturing a special alloy steel blank grinding wheel according to one embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 shows a schematic flow diagram of step 1 according to one embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 3 shows a schematic flow diagram of step 2 according to one embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 4a shows a schematic view of the mounting of an isolation barrier according to one embodiment of the invention;
fig. 4b shows a top view of fig. 4 a.
Wherein, the correspondence between the reference numbers and the names of the components in fig. 4 is:
1, an isolation grid, 101 grid blades, 2 lower templates, 3 core rods, 4 die sleeves, 5 heightened core rods and 6 heightened die sleeves.
Detailed Description
Reference will now be made in detail to the exemplary embodiments, examples of which are illustrated in the accompanying drawings. When the following description refers to the accompanying drawings, like numbers in different drawings represent the same or similar elements unless otherwise indicated. The embodiments described in the following exemplary embodiments do not represent all embodiments consistent with the present invention. Rather, they are merely examples of apparatus and methods consistent with certain aspects of the invention, as detailed in the appended claims.
Fig. 1 shows a schematic flow chart of a method for manufacturing a special alloy steel billet dressing grinding wheel according to an embodiment of the invention.
As shown in fig. 1, the present embodiment provides a method for manufacturing a special alloy steel billet grinding wheel, which includes:
step 2, after the molding material is put into the isolated gate, cold pressing is carried out to obtain a grinding wheel blank, hot pressing is carried out on the grinding wheel blank, then the grinding wheel blank is demoulded, and the grinding wheel obtained after demould is sent into a hardening furnace for hardening treatment;
and 4, detecting the grinding wheel, and packaging and warehousing qualified products.
The mixture is heated and extruded by the pair rollers, so that abrasive particles in the mixture and powder auxiliary materials can be fully bonded together, the mixture after heating and extrusion is sieved by the sieve, the uniformity of the mixture is improved, the problem that the mixture is easy to layer and pile is solved, the molding materials are equally fed by the isolation grids during molding, the improvement of the balance performance of the grinding wheel is ensured, the application quality of the grinding wheel is improved, and the grinding efficiency, durability and safety performance of the grinding wheel are improved.
The security performance is illustrated in two aspects: the first influence on the strength of the grinding wheel is the centrifugal force generated when the grinding wheel rotates, the centrifugal force is caused by the unbalanced weight of the grinding wheel, namely F is the ma, F is the centrifugal force, m is the unbalanced weight, and a is the acceleration, the centrifugal force is larger when m is larger, and the centrifugal force is smaller when m is larger, so that the unbalanced weight is reduced, and the strength of the grinding wheel is improved; secondly, because the mixture is uniform and the feeding is also uniform, the holding force of the binding agent on the grinding materials is uniform, and weak links can not be generated, so that the strength of the grinding wheel is improved, and the safety of the grinding wheel is improved.
Wherein, the raw materials of coping emery wheel include according to the volume ratio:
the zirconium corundum is more than or equal to 40% and less than or equal to 65%, the phenolic resin is more than or equal to 20% and less than or equal to 30%, the furfural resin is more than or equal to 1.5% and less than or equal to 2.5%, the calcium oxide is more than or equal to 5% and less than or equal to 10%, the iron sulfide is more than or equal to 2% and less than or equal to 3%, and the anthracene oil is more than or equal to 1% and less than or equal to 1.5%, wherein the powder material is phenolic resin, calcium oxide and iron sulfide, the liquid material is furfural resin and anthracene oil, and the zirconium corundum is granularity sand.
The formula has the advantages that the service performance of the grinding wheel can be visually shown, the formula can be directly adjusted according to the requirements of users on the grinding performance, the grinding efficiency of the grinding wheel to be ground is high, the volume of the selectable zirconia corundum (grinding material) is low, the volume of the selectable grinding material is high when the durability of the grinding wheel to be ground is high, and the formula can be considered in a compromise mode when the two aspects are considered.
The zirconia corundum is used as a main material, the phenolic resin is used as a bonding agent, the furfural resin is used as a wetting agent, the calcium oxide is used as a moisture absorbent, the iron sulfide is used as a lubricant, and the anthracene oil is used as a dust remover.
Further, the molding density of the grinding wheel in the present application: 2.4g/cm3～3.55g/cm3The production of the grinding wheel needs the proportion of raw materials and the molding density of the grinding wheel, so that the volume of the grinding wheel can be calculated according to the specification and the size of the grinding wheel, the molding density of the grinding wheel is multiplied to obtain the molding weight of the grinding wheel, the mixed molding material is weighed according to the molding weight and is put into a die for compression molding, and the molding density is one of the factors for adjusting the hardness of the grinding wheel.
Fig. 2 shows a schematic flow diagram of step 1 according to an embodiment of the invention.
As shown in fig. 2, step 1 includes:
101, stirring and mixing powder materials of phenolic resin, calcium oxide and iron sulfide at a high speed in a closed mixing tank for 5 to 6 minutes until the materials are uniform, and taking out an initial mixture for later use;
102, putting the zirconium corundum into a mixing tank, adding furfural resin, mixing for 3 to 4 minutes, putting the initial mixture into the mixing tank, mixing for 5 to 6 minutes, and finally adding anthracene oil, mixing for 3 to 4 minutes to obtain a mixture;
and 103, heating and extruding the mixture by a pair of rollers, and screening the extruded mixture by a screen to obtain a molding material.
The mixed material produced in the steps 101 and 102 is loose and does not cake, but has the problems that the material is layered and the main material is piled, so that the structure of the formed grinding wheel blank is uneven, the mixed material is called as premix and must be treated, so that the main material and the auxiliary material are not layered and are not piled, the mixed material becomes a qualified forming material convenient to form, and the premix is extruded by rollers in the step 103, so that the main material and the auxiliary material in the premix are bonded together, and the layering and the piling of the main material and the auxiliary material are avoided. The specific method comprises the following steps: the distance between the two rollers of the pair roller is adjusted to be a proper gap, and the heating devices are arranged on the two rollers, so that the premix can be heated while the pair roller extrudes the premix, and the main material and the auxiliary material in the premix are better bonded together.
It should be noted that after the premix passes through the gap between the pair of rollers, a block material is formed due to the extrusion effect of the pair of rollers, the material extruded by the pair of rollers is collected into a material box, and the molding material is obtained by naturally cooling the material and screening the material by a sieve due to the heating device arranged on the pair of rollers.
Further, in step 102, the temperature of the raw materials is maintained at 40 ℃ to 45 ℃ during the mixing process of the mixing tank.
The temperature of the raw materials is kept between 40 ℃ and 45 ℃, so that the mixture is easy to be bonded together after being extruded and cannot be subjected to hardening reaction.
Fig. 3 shows a schematic flow diagram of step 2 according to an embodiment of the invention.
As shown in fig. 3, step 2 includes:
step 201, assembling a mold: assembling the lower template, the core rod and the die sleeve together in sequence, and placing the isolation gate in the die sleeve;
step 202, weighing the molding materials according to 6 equal parts, sequentially putting the molding materials into an isolation grid, removing the isolation grid after flattening, scraping the material surface, putting the molding materials into an upper template, sending the molding materials into the lower part of a press head of a press, and carrying out cold pressing to obtain a grinding wheel blank;
step 203, sending the grinding wheel blank to an oil press with a heating plate for hot pressing and then demoulding;
and 204, intensively loading the grinding wheel blank obtained after demolding into a hardening furnace, and heating according to a hardening curve to harden again so as to improve the hardening rate of the grinding wheel blank.
FIG. 4a shows a schematic view of the mounting of an isolation barrier according to one embodiment of the invention; fig. 4b shows a top view of fig. 4 a.
As shown in fig. 4a, the lower template 2 is placed, the core rod 3 is placed at the center of the lower template 2, finally the die sleeve 4 is sleeved outside the lower template 2, the heightened die sleeve 6 and the heightened core rod 5 are respectively placed above the die sleeve 4 and the core rod 3, and finally the isolation fence 1 is placed in the die sleeve 4.
It should be noted that the principle of manufacturing the core rod 3 is that the core rod with a smaller diameter can be made into a solid core, and the core rod with a larger diameter can be made into a hollow core, mainly for reducing the weight, and the diameter of the core rod 3 is the aperture size of the grinding wheel; heightening the die sleeve 6 and the heightening core rod 5: this product divide into cold pressing and hot pressing, puts into the die cavity with increasing die sleeve 6 and increasing plug 5 completely with the shaping material during cold pressing, through cold pressing after, the compression of emery wheel body, can remove increasing die sleeve 6 and increasing plug 5 to during hot pressing, be favorable to the hot plate on the oil press to its heating, because the compression ratio on the emery wheel body thickness is 1: (1.8-2.2), namely the feeding height is 1.8-2.2 times of the thickness of the finished grinding wheel, so the die sleeve and the core rod are designed into an upper part and a lower part.
As shown in fig. 4b, the isolation barrier 1 is formed by dividing the mold cavity into 6 equal parts by 360 degrees in the circumference, installing the gate leaves 101 to form the isolation barrier 1, and the isolation barrier 1 is made of thin steel plates.
In the prior art, the feeding process of the molding materials is easy to be concentrated, the problem of inconvenient operation of material spreading, material stirring and material scraping cannot be guaranteed to be uniformly distributed in the mold, the subsequent operation is caused due to uneven feeding, and in order to solve the problem, the inner cavity of the mold is divided into 6 equal parts according to 360 degrees of the circumference, an isolation fence is manufactured and placed into the mold cavity, the outer circle of the isolation fence is butted with the inner circle of the mold sleeve, and the inner hole is sleeved into the core rod. The inner cavity of the die is divided into 6 equal areas, the molding material is evenly divided into 6 parts according to the weight per unit, the molding material is respectively put into the 6 equal areas of the inner cavity of the die, the charge level of each area is flattened, the isolation grids are removed, the charge level is scraped, and an upper pressing plate is placed for pressing. The process operation relatively reduces the stacking probability of the molding materials during feeding, improves the probability of uniform distribution of the molding materials, and further improves the balance performance of the grinding wheel.
It should be noted that the balance performance of the grinding wheel is a characteristic parameter of the grinding wheel, and is an item that a finished grinding wheel must be detected, which may affect the strength of the grinding wheel, the service life of the grinding wheel, the processing quality of a processed workpiece, and the service performance of the grinding machine.
Further, the hot pressing temperature is 175 ℃ to 180 ℃ and the temperature is kept for 30 minutes.
It should be noted that the phenolic resin (binder) is not sufficiently hardened below this temperature, and is easily carbonized above this temperature, both of which reduce the strength and the service life of the grinding wheel.
Further, the detecting includes: size detection, balance detection, hardness detection and strength detection.
Wherein, the detection requirements of each item are judged according to national standards.
Further, before the mixture is obtained, the method also comprises the steps of putting the raw materials into a drying chamber or a drying box for heating to volatilize free water, and putting the raw materials without the free water into a special oven for 48 hours to 50 hours to remove the balance water in the raw materials.
Wherein, the special oven comprises a heating device, a heat preservation device and an exhaust fan.
The solid raw materials entering a factory need to be subjected to water removal treatment, the water content of the raw materials comprises two types, namely free water and balance water, the free water can be removed by a drying method, the raw materials are placed into a drying chamber or a drying box to be heated to volatilize the water, then the balance water is controlled, the method for controlling the balance water is to manufacture a special drying oven, the special drying oven is provided with a heating device and a heat preservation device, an exhaust fan is also installed, the humidity in the special drying oven is controlled within a standard range, the raw materials from which the free water is removed are placed into the special drying oven to be stored for 48 hours, then the raw materials are detected, and the raw materials can be used after the detection is qualified. When the liquid material enters the factory for detection, if the liquid material is unqualified, the liquid material can be returned to the manufacturer for treatment. The control of the moisture of the raw materials is one of the key factors for ensuring the product quality, the moisture content of the raw materials is kept, the mixed molding material is ensured to be dry, the looseness is large, the fluidity is large, and the control of the grinding wheel can directly influence the holding force of a bonding agent (phenolic resin) on the grinding material (zirconia corundum) and further influence the durability of the grinding wheel.
Wherein the humidity control is in the range of 2% to 3%.
Example 1
Example 1 grinding of wear resistant steel (silicon manganese alloy steel) is exemplified.
1. The formula design is as follows: 65 percent of zirconia corundum, 18 percent of phenolic resin, 2.0 percent of furfural resin, 5 percent of calcium oxide, 2.5 percent of ferric sulfide, 1 percent of anthracene oil, 6.5 percent of pore volume and 2.9g/cm of grinding wheel density3Wherein, the specification of the formed grinding wheel is 400 × 40 × 127 (unit: mm), the number of the formed grinding wheels is 10, the simple substance amounts of the raw materials obtained according to the volume ratio in this embodiment are respectively: 124.5kg of zirconia corundum, 11.2kg of phenolic resin, 1.25kg of furfural resin, 7.5kg of calcium oxide, 5kg of iron sulfide and 0.5kg of anthracene oil.
2. Manufacturing process
2.1 mixing materials: putting the powder materials (phenolic resin, calcium oxide and iron sulfide) into a closed mixing tank, mixing at high speed for 5 minutes, and taking out for later use; putting main material zirconium corundum into a mixing tank, adding furfural resin, mixing for 3 minutes, putting mixed powder material into the mixing tank, mixing for 5 minutes, adding anthracene oil, mixing for 3 minutes, and keeping the material temperature at 42 ℃ in the mixing process; and heating and extruding the mixed material by using a pair of rollers, and screening the extruded material by using a sieve to obtain a molding material.
2.2 forming: assembling a mold: assembling the lower template, the core rod and the die sleeve together in sequence, and placing the isolation gate into the die sleeve; weighing 6 parts of the grinding wheel blank according to the formed single weight of the grinding wheel blank, sequentially putting the grinding wheel blank into an isolation grid, flattening, removing the isolation grid, scraping the material surface, putting the material surface into an upper template, conveying the material surface into the lower part of a pressing head of a pressing machine, and carrying out cold pressing; and (3) conveying the cold-pressed grinding wheel blank body to an oil press with a heating plate for hot pressing, wherein the hot pressing temperature is 178 ℃, pressurizing and preserving heat for 30 minutes, and removing the die and taking out the grinding wheel blank body.
2.3 hardening: and (3) intensively loading the grinding wheel blank subjected to hot pressing and curing into a hardening furnace, and heating according to a hardening curve for hardening again so as to improve the hardening rate of the grinding wheel blank.
2.4, processing: and edging the excircle of the hardened grinding wheel blank.
2.5, checking: the processed grinding wheel needs to be subjected to size, balance, hardness and strength detection.
In this embodiment, the detection result is: the unbalanced weight is 20g, which is one third of the same product, and the uniformity of the grinding wheel structure is far better than that of the same product; in practical application, the grinding ratio is 1: 50, 10 times to 15 times of the same product.
Example 2
Unlike example 1, example 2 exemplifies grinding of heat-resistant steel (nichrome).
1. The formula design is as follows: 50% of zirconia corundum, 25% of phenolic resin, 2.5% of furfural resin, 7% of calcium oxide, 2.0% of ferric sulfide, 1.5% of anthracene oil, 12% of pore volume and 2.55g/cm of grinding wheel density3The specification of the grinding wheel and the number of the formed grinding wheels are the same as those in embodiment 1, and the simple substance amounts of the raw materials obtained according to the volume ratio in this embodiment are respectively as follows: 107.5kg of zirconia alumina, 12.4kg of phenolic resin, 1.4kg of furfural resin, 10kg of calcium oxide, 6kg of ferric sulfide and 0.55kg of anthracene oil.
2. Manufacturing process
2.1 mixing materials: putting the powder materials (phenolic resin, calcium oxide and iron sulfide) into a closed mixing tank, mixing at high speed for 5 minutes, and taking out for later use; putting main material zirconium corundum into a mixing tank, adding furfural resin, mixing for 3 minutes, putting mixed powder material into the mixing tank, mixing for 6 minutes, adding anthracene oil, mixing for 4 minutes, and keeping the material temperature at 40 ℃ in the mixing process; and heating and extruding the mixed material by using a pair of rollers, and screening the extruded material by using a sieve to obtain a molding material.
2.2 forming: assembling a mold: assembling the lower template, the core rod and the die sleeve together in sequence, and placing the isolation gate into the die sleeve; weighing 6 parts of the grinding wheel blank according to the formed single weight of the grinding wheel blank, sequentially putting the grinding wheel blank into an isolation grid, flattening, removing the isolation grid, scraping the material surface, putting the material surface into an upper template, conveying the material surface into the lower part of a pressing head of a pressing machine, and carrying out cold pressing; and (3) conveying the cold-pressed grinding wheel blank body to an oil press with a heating plate for hot pressing, wherein the hot pressing temperature is 175 ℃, pressurizing and preserving heat for 30 minutes, and removing the die and taking out the grinding wheel blank body.
2.3 hardening: and (3) intensively loading the grinding wheel blank subjected to hot pressing and curing into a hardening furnace, and heating according to a hardening curve for hardening again so as to improve the hardening rate of the grinding wheel blank.
2.4, processing: and edging the excircle of the hardened grinding wheel blank.
2.5, checking: the processed grinding wheel needs to be subjected to size, balance, hardness and strength detection.
In this embodiment, the detection result is: the unbalanced weight was 20 g; in practical application, the grinding ratio is 1: 25, the grinding efficiency of the grinding wheel is 3 times of that of the general product.
Example 3
Unlike examples 1 and 2, example 2 exemplifies grinding of carbon steel (automobile panel steel).
1. The formula design is as follows: 45% of zirconia corundum, 30% of phenolic resin, 2.5% of furfural resin, 10% of calcium oxide, 3% of ferric sulfide, 1.5% of anthracene oil, 8% of pore volume and 3.5g/cm of grinding wheel density3The specification of the grinding wheel and the number of the formed grinding wheels are the same as those in embodiment 1, and the simple substance amounts of the raw materials obtained according to the volume ratio in this embodiment are respectively as follows: 130kg of zirconia corundum, 13kg of phenolic resin, 1.8kg of furfural resin, 8kg of calcium oxide, 7kg of iron sulfide and 1kg of anthracene oil.
2. Manufacturing process
2.1 mixing materials: putting the powder materials (phenolic resin, calcium oxide and iron sulfide) into a closed mixing tank, mixing at high speed for 6 minutes, and taking out for later use; putting main material zirconium corundum into a mixing tank, adding furfural resin, mixing for 4 minutes, putting mixed powder material into the mixing tank, mixing for 5 minutes, adding anthracene oil, mixing for 3 minutes, and keeping the material temperature at 45 ℃ in the mixing process; and heating and extruding the mixed material by using a pair of rollers, and screening the extruded material by using a sieve to obtain a molding material.
2.2 forming: assembling a mold: assembling the lower template, the core rod and the die sleeve together in sequence, and placing the isolation gate in the die sleeve; weighing 6 parts of the grinding wheel blank according to the formed single weight of the grinding wheel blank, sequentially putting the grinding wheel blank into an isolation grid, flattening, removing the isolation grid, scraping the material surface, putting the material surface into an upper template, conveying the material surface into the lower part of a pressing head of a pressing machine, and carrying out cold pressing; and (3) conveying the cold-pressed grinding wheel blank body to an oil press with a heating plate for hot pressing, keeping the hot pressing temperature at 180 ℃, pressurizing and preserving the temperature for 30 minutes, and removing the die and taking out the grinding wheel blank body.
2.3 hardening: and (3) intensively loading the grinding wheel blank subjected to hot pressing and curing into a hardening furnace, and heating according to a hardening curve for hardening again so as to improve the hardening rate of the grinding wheel blank.
2.4, processing: and edging the excircle of the hardened grinding wheel blank.
2.5, checking: the processed grinding wheel needs to be subjected to size, balance, hardness and strength detection.
In this embodiment, the detection result is: the unbalanced weight was 20 g; in practical application, the grinding ratio is 1: 90, the grinding efficiency of the grinding wheel is 3 times of that of a general product.
The grinding ratio is a ratio of a grinding loss weight of the grinding wheel to a grinding weight of the workpiece to be ground, and the grinding efficiency of the grinding wheel is a quantity of grinding chips ground by the grinding wheel per unit time.
Other embodiments of the invention will be apparent to those skilled in the art from consideration of the specification and practice of the invention disclosed herein. This application is intended to cover any variations, uses, or adaptations of the invention following, in general, the principles of the invention and including such departures from the present disclosure as come within known or customary practice within the art to which the invention pertains. It is intended that the specification and examples be considered as exemplary only, with a true scope and spirit of the invention being indicated by the following claims.
It will be understood that the invention is not limited to the precise arrangements described above and shown in the drawings and that various modifications and changes may be made without departing from the scope thereof. The scope of the invention is limited only by the appended claims.
Claims (10)
1. The manufacturing method of the special alloy billet grinding wheel is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step 1, putting raw materials for grinding a grinding wheel into a mixer according to a volume ratio to obtain a mixture, and heating and extruding the mixture through double rollers to obtain a molding material;
step 2, after the molding material is put into an isolation gate, cold pressing is carried out to obtain a grinding wheel blank, the grinding wheel blank is subjected to hot pressing and then is subjected to demolding, and the polished grinding wheel obtained after demolding is sent into a hardening furnace for hardening treatment;
step 3, edging the outer circle of the grinding wheel after the hardening treatment;
and 4, detecting the grinding wheel, and packaging and warehousing qualified products.
2. The method for manufacturing a special alloy steel billet grinding wheel according to claim 1, wherein the grinding wheel comprises the following raw materials in volume ratio:
the zirconium corundum is more than or equal to 40% and less than or equal to 65%, the phenolic resin is more than or equal to 20% and less than or equal to 30%, the furfural resin is more than or equal to 1.5% and less than or equal to 2.5%, the calcium oxide is more than or equal to 5% and less than or equal to 10%, the iron sulfide is more than or equal to 2% and less than or equal to 3%, and the anthracene oil is more than or equal to 1% and less than or equal to 1.5%, wherein the powder material is phenolic resin, calcium oxide and iron sulfide, the liquid material is furfural resin and anthracene oil, and the zirconium corundum is granularity sand.
3. The method of claim 2, wherein the step 1 comprises:
101, stirring and mixing the phenolic resin, the calcium oxide and the iron sulfide powder at a high speed in a closed mixing tank for 5 to 6 minutes until the materials are uniform, and taking out an initial mixture for later use;
102, putting the zirconia-corundum into the mixing tank, adding the furfural resin, mixing for 3 to 4 minutes, putting the initial mixture into the mixing tank, mixing for 5 to 6 minutes, and finally adding the anthracene oil, mixing for 3 to 4 minutes to obtain the mixture;
103, heating and extruding the mixture through the pair rollers, and screening the extruded mixture through a screen to obtain the molding material.
4. The method of claim 3 wherein said step 102 of mixing said batch bowl with said feedstock is maintained at a temperature of 40 ℃ to 45 ℃.
5. The method of claim 1, wherein the step 2 comprises:
step 201, assembling a mold: assembling a lower template, a core rod and a die sleeve together in sequence, and placing the isolation gate into the die sleeve;
202, weighing the molding material according to 6 equal parts, sequentially putting the molding material into the isolation grid, removing the isolation grid after flattening, scraping the material surface, putting the molding material into an upper template, feeding the molding material into the lower part of a press head of a press, and carrying out cold pressing to obtain a grinding wheel blank;
step 203, sending the grinding wheel blank to an oil press with a heating plate for hot pressing and then demoulding;
and 204, intensively loading the grinding wheel blank obtained after demolding into the hardening furnace, and heating according to a hardening curve to harden again so as to improve the hardening rate of the grinding wheel blank.
6. The method of claim 5 wherein the hot pressing is carried out at a temperature of 175 ℃ to 180 ℃ for 30 minutes.
7. The method as claimed in claim 5, wherein the said spacer grid is made by dividing the inner cavity of the said mold into 6 equal parts according to 360 ° of circumference, and the said spacer grid is made of thin steel plate.
8. The method of claim 1, wherein the detecting comprises: size detection, balance detection, hardness detection and strength detection.
9. The method for manufacturing the special alloy billet grinding wheel according to any one of claims 1 to 8, wherein before the mixture is obtained, the method further comprises the steps of putting the raw materials into a drying chamber or a drying oven for heating to volatilize free water, and putting the raw materials with the free water removed into a special oven for 48 hours to 50 hours to remove the balance water in the raw materials.
10. The method of claim 8, wherein the special oven comprises a heating device, a heat preservation device and an exhaust fan.
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