CN113798488A - Aluminum-based powder metallurgy material and preparation method thereof - Google Patents

Aluminum-based powder metallurgy material and preparation method thereof Download PDF

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CN113798488A
CN113798488A CN202111087895.3A CN202111087895A CN113798488A CN 113798488 A CN113798488 A CN 113798488A CN 202111087895 A CN202111087895 A CN 202111087895A CN 113798488 A CN113798488 A CN 113798488A
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aluminum
powder metallurgy
based powder
metallurgy material
powder
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CN113798488B (en
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霍树海
曹柳絮
刘春轩
蒋兆汝
梁啟文
王志勇
刘璇
吴云
王畅
钟探秋
蒋小汉
向威
刘石亮
冯建涛
童亚平
伍智敏
谢屹
邱灵灵
罗任
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Hunan Goldsky Aluminum Industry High Tech Co ltd
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Hunan Goldsky Aluminum Industry High Tech Co ltd
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F3/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces
    • B22F3/02—Compacting only
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F3/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces
    • B22F3/10—Sintering only
    • B22F3/1003—Use of special medium during sintering, e.g. sintering aid
    • B22F3/1007—Atmosphere
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F3/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces
    • B22F3/10—Sintering only
    • B22F3/1017—Multiple heating or additional steps
    • B22F3/1021—Removal of binder or filler
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C21/00—Alloys based on aluminium
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C21/00—Alloys based on aluminium
    • C22C21/003—Alloys based on aluminium containing at least 2.6% of one or more of the elements: tin, lead, antimony, bismuth, cadmium, and titanium
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C21/00—Alloys based on aluminium
    • C22C21/12—Alloys based on aluminium with copper as the next major constituent
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F2999/00—Aspects linked to processes or compositions used in powder metallurgy
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
    • Y02P10/25—Process efficiency

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Powder Metallurgy (AREA)

Abstract

The application relates to an aluminum-based powder metallurgy material and a preparation method thereof, wherein the aluminum-based powder metallurgy material comprises 1.5-5% of main alloy elements, less than or equal to 1% of trace elements and the balance of aluminum, wherein the main alloy elements are selected from at least one of copper, cerium and tin, and the trace elements are selected from at least one of neodymium and magnesium. The aluminum-based powder metallurgy material has the advantages of high plasticity and toughness, good compactness, good plastic processing performance and the like at normal temperature.

Description

Aluminum-based powder metallurgy material and preparation method thereof
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of powder metallurgy materials, in particular to an aluminum-based powder metallurgy material and a preparation method thereof.
Background
The aluminum-based powder metallurgy material has the advantages of light weight, corrosion resistance, high specific strength and the like, and is increasingly applied to the fields of automobiles, aerospace and the like in addition to the technical advantages of low cost, stable quality, continuous precision forming and the like which are unique to a powder metallurgy process. However, when the aluminum-based material is prepared by a powder metallurgy method, the interior of the blank body can also contact with the sintering atmosphere and react to a certain extent due to the existence of a certain number of holes in the sintering process to generate substances such as brittle nitrides and the like, and the surface of the aluminum powder is provided with a layer of compact oxide film to hinder the mutual diffusion of elements and influence the metallurgical bonding, so that the strength of the material is influenced. In order to improve the strength of the material, the sintered green body is usually subjected to a heat treatment. But the strength is improved, and the plasticity and the impact toughness of the material are obviously reduced, so that the application of the aluminum-based powder metallurgy material to products which need to be manufactured by a large plastic processing technology is limited, and the use of the aluminum-based powder metallurgy material in an environment with certain impact stress is also limited.
Disclosure of Invention
Based on the above, there is a need for providing a novel aluminum-based powder metallurgy material which has appropriate strength (greater than or equal to 200MPa) without heat treatment, and has the advantages of high plasticity and toughness, good compactness, good plastic processability and the like at normal temperature, and the specific scheme is as follows:
an aluminum-based powder metallurgy material comprises, by mass, 1.5% -5% of main alloy elements, trace elements and the balance of aluminum, wherein the main alloy elements are selected from at least one of copper (Cu), cerium (Ce) and tin (Sn), and the trace elements are selected from at least one of neodymium (Nd) and magnesium (Mg).
In one embodiment, the aluminum-based powder metallurgy material comprises, by mass, 0.25% to 1.5% of copper, 0.25% to 1.5% of cerium, 0.25% to 3% of tin, 0.25% to 1% of the trace element, and the balance aluminum.
In one embodiment, the aluminum-based powder metallurgy material comprises, by mass, 0.5% of copper, 1.2% to 1.5% of cerium, 1.5% to 2% of tin, 0.4% to 0.5% of the trace element, and the balance aluminum.
In one embodiment, the aluminum-based powder metallurgy material has a density of 2.60g/cm3～2.65g/cm3。
According to the aluminum-based powder metallurgy material, at least one of Cu, Ce and Sn is used as a main alloy element, at least one of Nd and Mg is used as a trace element, a liquid phase with a certain volume fraction can be formed in the sintering process, powder particles are accelerated to form perfect metallurgical bonding in the sintering process, and holes in the sintering process are reduced to the maximum extent, so that the generation of brittle nitrides in the sintering process is greatly reduced, the material can obtain better compactness and strength without subsequent heat treatment, and meanwhile, the component design of the main alloy element and the trace element also enables the aluminum-based powder metallurgy material to have the advantages of high plasticity and toughness, good compactness, good plastic processing performance and the like at normal temperature. Compared with the traditional powder metallurgy material, the impact toughness and the elongation of the aluminum-based powder metallurgy material are respectively improved by more than 100 percent.
The application also provides a preparation method of the aluminum-based powder metallurgy material, and the specific scheme is as follows:
a preparation method of an aluminum-based powder metallurgy material comprises the following steps of S110-S120:
and S110, providing the raw material powder of the aluminum element, the main alloy element and the trace element.
In one embodiment, the raw material powder of the aluminum element is aluminum powder, and the median particle size of the aluminum powder is 20-50 μm. If the median particle diameter of the powdery aluminum is less than 20 μm, the powder is poor in flowability and affects the formation during pressing, and if the median particle diameter of the powdery aluminum is more than 50 μm, the segregation of components and the coarsening of the structure are likely to occur.
In one embodiment, the raw material powder of the main alloying elements and the trace elements is simple substance powder or alloy powder, the granularity of the simple substance powder or the alloy powder is-75 μm, if the granularity is more than 75 μm, the dispersibility of the alloying elements and the trace elements in the mixing process is poor, and segregation of the alloying elements and the trace elements is easy to occur after sintering.
And S120, uniformly mixing the raw material powder of the aluminum element, the main total elements and the trace elements according to a ratio, and then sequentially carrying out cold pressing and sintering to obtain the aluminum-based powder metallurgy material.
In one embodiment, the cold pressing conditions are: the pressure is 150 MPa-300 MPa, the pressurizing rate is 1 mm/s-5 mm/s, and the pressure maintaining time is 3 s-10 s.
In one embodiment, the sintering is a step-and-continuous sintering.
Specifically, the sintering conditions are as follows: in a protective gas atmosphere, at a heating rate of 8-15 ℃/min, firstly heating to 350-450 ℃, preserving heat for 15-30 minutes, then heating to 600-650 ℃, preserving heat for 45-180 minutes, and finally cooling to below 200 ℃.
Wherein the protective gas atmosphere is nitrogen.
In the sintering process, the temperature is raised to 350-450 ℃, and the temperature is kept for 15-30 minutes, so that the method is mainly used for dewaxing.
The preparation method of the aluminum-based powder metallurgy material is simple, low in cost and high in yield, and meets the requirement of industrial continuous production. The prepared aluminum-based powder metallurgy material has proper strength (more than or equal to 200MPa) without heat treatment, has the advantages of high plasticity and toughness, good compactness, good plastic processing performance and the like at normal temperature, and has wider application range.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a graph illustrating impact toughness measurements of samples of the aluminum-based powder metallurgy material prepared in example 1;
FIG. 2 is a graph showing impact toughness measurements of samples of the aluminum-based powder metallurgy material prepared in comparative example 2;
FIG. 3 is a microstructure of different portions of a sample of an aluminum-based powder metallurgy material prepared in example 2;
FIG. 4 is a graph of a room temperature tensile test of a sample of the aluminum-based powder metallurgy material prepared in example 3.
Detailed Description
In order that the invention may be more fully understood, a more particular description of the invention will now be rendered by reference to specific embodiments thereof that are illustrated in the appended drawings. This invention may, however, be embodied in many different forms and should not be construed as limited to the embodiments set forth herein. Rather, these embodiments are provided so that this disclosure will be thorough and complete.
Unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention belongs. The terminology used in the description of the invention herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of the invention. As used herein, the term "and/or" includes any and all combinations of one or more of the associated listed items.
The following are specific examples.
Example 1
After 57g of aluminum powder with the median particle size of about 20 microns, 0.3g of copper powder with the particle size of about-75 microns, 0.9g of cerium powder with the particle size of about-75 microns, 1.2g of tin powder with the particle size of about-75 microns and 0.3g of magnesium powder with the particle size of about-75 microns are mixed uniformly in a mixer, the mixture is filled into a mold, the mold is filled at room temperature, the pressure is increased to 200MPa at the pressurizing rate of 5mm/s, the pressure is maintained for 3s, and the mold is removed, so that a non-standard non-notched impact sample blank with the length of about 65mm, the width of about 15mm and the height of about 8mm is obtained;
and (3) putting the blank into a sintering furnace, under the protection of nitrogen, heating to 450 ℃ at a heating rate of 15 ℃/min, preserving heat for 15 minutes, then heating to 600 ℃, preserving heat for 120 minutes, and finally cooling to below 200 ℃ to obtain the aluminum-based powder metallurgy material.
The main components of the aluminum-based powder metallurgy material prepared in example 1 are: Al0.5Cu1.5Ce2Sn.
Comparative example 1
Comparative example 1 is substantially the same as example 1 except that in comparative example 1, 59.1g of aluminum powder, 0.3g of copper powder and 0.3g of magnesium powder were mixed in a mixer to be uniform.
Comparative example 2
Comparative example 2 is substantially the same as example 1 except that in comparative example 2, 43g of aluminum powder, 2.2g of copper powder, 0.6g of silicon powder and 0.3g of magnesium powder were mixed in a mixer to be uniform.
The main component of the conventional aluminum-based powder metallurgy material prepared in comparative example 2 was al4.5cu0.6mg1.2si.
The samples of the aluminum-based powder metallurgy materials prepared in example 1, comparative example 1 and comparative example 2 were subjected to impact energy and impact toughness test tests at room temperature, respectively, and the results are shown in table 1 and fig. 1.
TABLE 1
Figure BDA0003266454660000051
Example 2
Mixing 49g of aluminum powder with the median particle size of about 50 microns, 0.3g of copper powder with the particle size of about-75 microns, 0.6g of cerium powder with the particle size of about-75 microns, 0.8g of tin powder with the particle size of about-75 microns and 0.2g of neodymium powder with the particle size of about-75 microns uniformly in a mixer, filling the mixture into a mold, increasing the pressure to 150MPa at room temperature at the pressure rate of 1mm/s, maintaining the pressure for 10s, and demolding to obtain a blank with the diameter of 12mm and the height of about 12 mm;
and (3) putting the blank into a sintering furnace, under the protection of nitrogen, heating to 350 ℃ at a heating rate of 8 ℃/min, preserving heat for 30 minutes, then heating to 650 ℃, preserving heat for 45 minutes, and finally cooling to below 200 ℃ to obtain the aluminum-based powder metallurgy material.
The main components of the aluminum-based powder metallurgy material prepared in example 2 are: Al0.5Cu1.2Ce1.5Sn, density 2.61g/cm3。
After the aluminum-based powder metallurgy material sample prepared in example 2 was ground and polished at room temperature, different portions were taken to observe the microstructure, as shown in fig. 3, the gray area was the matrix of the aluminum-based powder metallurgy material, and the darker area was the hole. As can be seen from FIG. 3, the aluminum-based powder metallurgy material has fewer pores and good material compactness.
Example 3
Mixing 49g of aluminum powder with the median particle size of about 35 microns, 0.3g of copper powder with the particle size of about-75 microns, 0.6g of cerium powder with the particle size of about-75 microns, 0.8g of tin powder with the particle size of about-75 microns and 0.2g of magnesium powder with the particle size of about-75 microns uniformly in a mixer, filling the mixture into a mold, increasing the pressure to 300MPa at room temperature at the pressurization rate of 3mm/s, maintaining the pressure for 5s, demolding to obtain a green body with the length of about 90mm, and measuring the length of about 25mm, the width of about 5mm and the thickness of about 3.5 mm;
and (3) putting the blank into a sintering furnace, under the protection of nitrogen, heating to 400 ℃ at a heating rate of 15 ℃/min, preserving heat for 20 minutes, then heating to 620 ℃, preserving heat for 160 minutes, and finally cooling to below 200 ℃ to obtain the aluminum-based powder metallurgy material.
The main components of the aluminum-based powder metallurgy material prepared in example 3 are: Al0.5Cu1.2Ce1.5Sn, density 2.59g/cm3。
The tensile test of the aluminum-based powder metallurgy material sample prepared in example 3 at room temperature shows that the aluminum-based powder metallurgy material of the present application does not break after undergoing large plastic deformation at room temperature, as shown in fig. 4.
Example 4
Mixing 48.5g of aluminum powder with the median particle size of about 30 microns, 0.25g of copper powder with the particle size of about-75 microns, 0.6g of cerium powder with the particle size of about-75 microns, 0.1g of neodymium powder with the particle size of about-75 microns and 0.1g of magnesium powder with the particle size of about-75 microns uniformly in a mixer, filling the mixture into a mold, increasing the pressure to 200MPa at room temperature at the pressurization rate of 4mm/s, maintaining the pressure for 6s, and demolding to obtain a blank;
putting the blank into a sintering furnace, under the protection of nitrogen, heating to 350-450 ℃ at a heating rate of 10 ℃/min, preserving heat for 20 minutes, then heating to 600-650 ℃, preserving heat for 100 minutes, and finally cooling to below 200 ℃ to obtain the aluminum-based powder metallurgy material, which comprises the following main components: Al0.5Cu1.2Ce.
Example 5
Mixing 48g of aluminum powder with the median particle size of about 50 microns, 0.6g of cerium powder with the particle size of about-75 microns, 0.75g of tin powder with the particle size of about-75 microns and 0.2g of neodymium powder with the particle size of about-75 microns uniformly in a mixer, filling the mixture into a mold, increasing the pressure to 150MPa at room temperature at the pressure rate of 5mm/s, maintaining the pressure for 5s, and demolding to obtain a blank;
putting the blank into a sintering furnace, under the protection of nitrogen, heating to 350-450 ℃ at a heating rate of 12 ℃/min, preserving heat for 20 minutes, then heating to 600-650 ℃, preserving heat for 180 minutes, and finally cooling to below 200 ℃ to obtain the aluminum-based powder metallurgy material, which comprises the following main components: al1.2ce1.5sn.
Example 6
Mixing 49g of aluminum powder with the median particle size of about 50 microns, 0.75g of tin powder with the particle size of about-75 microns and 0.2g of neodymium powder with the particle size of about-75 microns uniformly in a mixer, filling the mixture into a mold, increasing the pressure to 200MPa at room temperature at the pressure rate of 5mm/s, maintaining the pressure for 10s, and demolding to obtain a blank;
putting the blank into a sintering furnace, under the protection of nitrogen, heating to 350-450 ℃ at a heating rate of 10 ℃/min, preserving heat for 30 minutes, then heating to 600-650 ℃, preserving heat for 120 minutes, and finally cooling to below 200 ℃ to obtain the aluminum-based powder metallurgy material, which comprises the following main components: Al1.5Sn.
The above-mentioned embodiments only express several embodiments of the present invention, and the description thereof is more specific and detailed, but not construed as limiting the scope of the present invention. It should be noted that, for a person skilled in the art, several variations and modifications can be made without departing from the inventive concept, which falls within the scope of the present invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the present patent shall be subject to the appended claims.

Claims (10)

1. The aluminum-based powder metallurgy material is characterized by comprising 1.5-5 mass percent of main alloy elements, less than or equal to 1 mass percent of trace elements and the balance of aluminum, wherein the main alloy elements are selected from at least one of copper, cerium and tin, and the trace elements are selected from at least one of neodymium and magnesium.
2. The aluminum-based powder metallurgy material according to claim 1, wherein the aluminum-based powder metallurgy material comprises, by mass, 0.25 to 1.5% of copper, 0.25 to 1.5% of cerium, 0.25 to 3% of tin, 0.25 to 1% of trace elements, and the balance aluminum.
3. The aluminum-based powder metallurgy material according to claim 2, wherein the aluminum-based powder metallurgy material comprises, by mass, 0.5% of copper, 1.2% to 1.5% of cerium, 1.5% to 2% of tin, 0.4% to 0.5% of trace elements, and the balance aluminum.
4. The aluminum-based powder metallurgy material according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the aluminum-based powder metallurgy material has a density of 2.60g/cm3～2.65g/cm3。
5. A method for producing the aluminum-based powder metallurgy material according to any one of claims 1 to 4, comprising the steps of:
providing raw material powder of the aluminum element, the main alloy element and the trace element;
and uniformly mixing the raw material powder of the aluminum element, the main alloy element and the trace element according to a proportion, and then sequentially carrying out cold pressing and sintering to obtain the aluminum-based powder metallurgy material.
6. The method for preparing the aluminum-based powder metallurgy material according to claim 5, wherein the raw material powder of the aluminum element is aluminum powder, and the median particle size of the aluminum powder is 20 to 50 μm.
7. The method for preparing the aluminum-based powder metallurgy material according to claim 5, wherein the raw material powder of the main alloy elements and the trace elements is elementary substance powder or alloy powder, and the granularity of the elementary substance powder or the alloy powder is-75 μm.
8. The method for preparing an aluminum-based powder metallurgy material according to any one of claims 5 to 7, wherein the cold pressing conditions are as follows: the pressure is 150 MPa-300 MPa, the pressurizing rate is 1 mm/s-5 mm/s, and the pressure maintaining time is 3 s-10 s.
9. The method for preparing an aluminum-based powder metallurgy material according to any one of claims 5 to 7, wherein the sintering conditions are as follows: in a protective gas atmosphere, at a heating rate of 8-15 ℃/min, firstly heating to 350-450 ℃, preserving heat for 15-30 minutes, then heating to 600-650 ℃, preserving heat for 45-180 minutes, and finally cooling to below 200 ℃.
10. The method for the production of an aluminium-based powder metallurgical material according to claim 9, wherein the protective gas atmosphere is nitrogen.
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CN111442039A (en) * 2020-03-02 2020-07-24 湖南金天铝业高科技股份有限公司 Light wear-resistant aluminum-based powder metallurgy composite material automobile brake disc and preparation method thereof

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CN104789820A (en) * 2015-03-23 2015-07-22 苏州市神龙门窗有限公司 Abrasion-proof aluminum alloy material containing earth elements and treatment process of abrasion-proof aluminum alloy material
CN108220732A (en) * 2016-12-22 2018-06-29 有研稀土新材料股份有限公司 The method of modifying of alloy material, bonded permanent magnet and rare earth permanent magnet powder
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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
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