CN113793971A - High-heat-conductivity lithium battery pack for underwater vehicle - Google Patents
High-heat-conductivity lithium battery pack for underwater vehicle Download PDFInfo
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- CN113793971A CN113793971A CN202110999438.5A CN202110999438A CN113793971A CN 113793971 A CN113793971 A CN 113793971A CN 202110999438 A CN202110999438 A CN 202110999438A CN 113793971 A CN113793971 A CN 113793971A
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- lithium batteries
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- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 72
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 72
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 238000005338 heat storage Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 150000004767 nitrides Chemical class 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000011232 storage material Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052755 nonmetal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000012188 paraffin wax Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000000149 penetrating effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000017525 heat dissipation Effects 0.000 abstract description 5
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 abstract description 3
- 239000013535 sea water Substances 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 14
- -1 AlN) Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052581 Si3N4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003446 memory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002356 single layer Substances 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/052—Li-accumulators
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
- H01M10/48—Accumulators combined with arrangements for measuring, testing or indicating the condition of cells, e.g. the level or density of the electrolyte
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
- H01M10/61—Types of temperature control
- H01M10/613—Cooling or keeping cold
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
- H01M50/20—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders
- H01M50/204—Racks, modules or packs for multiple batteries or multiple cells
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
- H01M50/50—Current conducting connections for cells or batteries
- H01M50/502—Interconnectors for connecting terminals of adjacent batteries; Interconnectors for connecting cells outside a battery casing
- H01M50/509—Interconnectors for connecting terminals of adjacent batteries; Interconnectors for connecting cells outside a battery casing characterised by the type of connection, e.g. mixed connections
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Secondary Cells (AREA)
- Battery Mounting, Suspending (AREA)
Abstract
The invention provides a high-heat-conductivity lithium battery pack for an underwater vehicle, and aims to solve the technical problems that the traditional heat dissipation scheme of an underwater vehicle battery cabin section is low in heat dissipation efficiency and unobvious in effect, and the temperature of the battery pack cannot be effectively reduced in a short time. According to the invention, gaps inevitably formed when cylindrical lithium batteries are arranged are effectively utilized, and the gaps are filled with high-heat-conduction and insulation heat-conduction gap filling materials, so that the heat of the center of the battery can be quickly conducted to the inner wall of the shell of the battery cabin section through the heat conduction material, and further the heat is conducted to low-temperature seawater outside the battery cabin section, and the purpose of quickly cooling is realized; the heat-conducting gap-filling material is filled around each cylindrical lithium battery, so that the temperature uniformity can be well ensured; meanwhile, a central gap formed by the cylindrical lithium battery at the innermost ring is reasonably utilized, a central tube is arranged in the central gap, and a high heat absorption composite material is filled in the central tube, so that heat generated by the battery pack can be quickly and effectively absorbed, and the temperature of the battery pack is reduced.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a high-thermal-conductivity lithium battery pack for an underwater vehicle.
Background
At present, the driving power energy of the underwater vehicle is mainly electric power, and a lithium battery is taken as a representative novel green high-energy power supply, so that the novel green high-energy power supply is gradually applied to the underwater vehicle by virtue of the advantages of high energy measurement, small self-discharge, no memory effect and the like.
Most of the battery cabin sections of the underwater vehicle are cylindrical closed spaces, the underwater volume space constraint degree is high, the requirement on the volumetric specific energy of the battery is strict, and in a high-power working environment, the battery pack discharges continuously with large multiplying power to cause that heat is accumulated rapidly in the cabin body, so that the risk of thermal runaway is easily generated, and the running safety of the vehicle is seriously threatened.
Aiming at the problem of heat dissipation of a battery cabin of an underwater vehicle, a traditional method is that a thermal bridge is established between a battery pack and a cabin shell by adopting a structural design, heat generated by the battery is transferred to the cabin shell through the thermal bridge, and then the heat is transferred to the surrounding low-temperature seawater through the cabin shell, so that the purpose of improving the temperature uniformity of the battery pack is achieved. This scheme can only slowly, limitedly heat conduction, and the radiating efficiency is low and the effect is not obvious, can't effectively reduce the highest temperature of group battery in the short time.
In addition, the battery pack system of the battery cabin section of the current underwater vehicle is low in reliability, and if one battery module fails due to failure, a chain reaction can be caused, so that the failure of the whole battery cabin section is caused, and even the failure of the whole vehicle is caused.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a high-heat-conductivity lithium battery pack for an underwater vehicle, and aims to solve the technical problems that the traditional heat dissipation scheme of an underwater vehicle battery cabin section is low in heat dissipation efficiency and unobvious in effect, and the temperature of the battery pack cannot be effectively reduced in a short time.
The technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
a high heat conduction lithium cell group for underwater vehicle, its special character lies in:
the battery pack comprises a plurality of battery modules which are arranged in series and/or in parallel along the height direction of the battery;
the single battery module comprises a plurality of cylindrical lithium batteries connected in series and/or in parallel and a battery rack used for bearing and fixing the cylindrical lithium batteries; a plurality of circles of cylindrical lithium batteries are arranged from inside to outside;
a central pipe penetrating through each layer of battery module is arranged in a central gap formed by the innermost cylindrical lithium battery; filling a high heat absorption composite material in the central pipe;
and the rest gaps formed by the cylindrical lithium battery are filled with high-heat-conductivity and insulating heat-conduction gap filling materials.
Furthermore, in a single battery module, all circles of cylindrical lithium batteries are arranged in a regular hexagon arrangement mode.
Further, the regular hexagon is specifically arranged in the following manner:
constructing a regular hexagon with the side length of L by taking the circle center of the cross section of the central tube as a central point, wherein L is mx (d + s), d is the diameter of the cylindrical lithium battery, and m is the number of battery turns arranged around the central tube; s is a gap between two adjacent batteries;
the 1 st layer is provided with 6 cylindrical lithium batteries, and the circle centers of the 6 cylindrical lithium batteries are respectively superposed with 6 vertexes of the regular hexagon;
the 2 nd layer is provided with 12 cylindrical lithium batteries, wherein the circle centers of 6 cylindrical lithium batteries are respectively superposed with 6 vertexes of the regular hexagon, and the circle centers of the other 6 cylindrical lithium batteries are respectively positioned at the middle points of the 6 edges of the regular hexagon;
the layer 3 is provided with 18 cylindrical lithium batteries, the circle centers of 6 cylindrical lithium batteries are respectively superposed with 6 vertexes of the regular hexagon, and the circle centers of the other 12 cylindrical lithium batteries are uniformly distributed on 6 edges of the regular hexagon;
by analogy in the following way,
until the battery compartment bodies are arranged to the maximum inscribed regular hexagon of the battery compartment bodies.
Further, s is 2 mm.
Further, the single battery module further comprises a cell management unit for monitoring the state of health of the battery module and controlling the connection and disconnection of the battery module.
Further, the high heat absorption composite material is a paraffin/expanded graphite composite phase change heat storage material or a silicon-based carrier composite phase change heat storage material.
Further, the heat-conducting gap filling material is metal nitride, non-metal nitride or SiC ceramic.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. according to the invention, gaps inevitably formed when cylindrical lithium batteries are arranged are effectively utilized, and the gaps are filled with high-heat-conduction and insulation heat-conduction gap filling materials, so that the heat of the center of the battery can be quickly conducted to the inner wall of the shell of the battery cabin section through the heat conduction material, and further the heat is conducted to low-temperature seawater outside the battery cabin section, and the purpose of quickly cooling is realized; the heat-conducting gap-filling material is filled around each cylindrical lithium battery, so that the temperature uniformity can be well ensured; meanwhile, a central gap formed by the cylindrical lithium battery at the innermost ring is reasonably utilized, a central tube is arranged in the central gap, and a high heat absorption composite material is filled in the central tube, so that heat generated by the battery pack can be quickly and effectively absorbed, and the temperature of the battery pack is reduced.
2. The lithium battery pack adopts a redundancy design, consists of a plurality of layers of battery modules connected in series and/or in parallel, and adopts a battery cell management unit (BMU) to intervene in the management of the battery modules, detect the health state of each battery module and cut off the failed battery module in time, so that the overall output of the battery pack system is not influenced when a certain battery module fails, and the reliability of the battery pack system is improved.
3. According to the invention, each circle of lithium batteries are arranged in a regular hexagon manner, so that each section space of the battery compartment section is fully utilized, the utilization rate of the cross section of the battery compartment section is improved, and the integral energy density of the battery pack system is ensured.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic view of the overall structure of an embodiment of a battery pack according to the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a schematic cross-sectional view of an embodiment of a battery pack according to the present invention.
Description of reference numerals:
1-a central tube; 2-a cell management unit; 3-a cylindrical lithium battery; 4-a battery holder; 5-first layer lithium battery.
Detailed Description
The invention is further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
As shown in fig. 1, the high thermal conductivity lithium battery pack for an underwater vehicle provided by the invention comprises a plurality of layers of battery modules, wherein the battery modules are connected in series and/or in parallel and are sequentially arranged along the height direction of the battery.
The single-layer battery module comprises a plurality of cylindrical lithium batteries 3 connected in series and/or in parallel, two battery racks 4 and a battery cell management unit 2; the cylindrical lithium battery 3 is arranged for a plurality of circles from the center of the battery cabin body to the direction of the outer wall; the battery frame 4 is used for bearing and fixing the cylindrical lithium battery 3; the end face of the battery rack 4 is provided with positioning holes, and each cylindrical lithium battery 3 is fixed through the positioning holes; the battery core management unit 2 is used for monitoring the health state of the battery module, and if the battery module is detected to have low voltage (lower than normal working voltage) and high temperature (higher than upper limit of working temperature range) failure, the connection between the battery module and other battery modules is automatically cut off, the power supply of other battery modules is not affected, and the chain failure reaction caused by the individual failure of a certain layer of battery module is avoided.
For each layer of the battery module, the cylindrical lithium batteries 3 are arranged with gaps formed therebetween,
a central pipe 1 is arranged in a central gap formed by an innermost cylindrical lithium battery 3, the central pipe 1 penetrates through the central gap of each layer of battery module, and two ends of the central pipe are respectively connected with an end plate of a battery cabin body of an underwater vehicle after respectively penetrating through two battery racks 4 positioned at the topmost part and the bottommost part; the center of the cross section of the central tube 1 is superposed with the center of the radial cross section of the battery compartment section; the central tube 1 is filled with a high heat absorption composite material which is a paraffin/expanded graphite composite phase change heat storage material or a silicon-based carrier composite phase change heat storage material and is used for rapidly absorbing heat generated by battery discharge.
The remaining gaps formed by the cylindrical lithium battery 3 are filled with a heat-conducting gap-filling material, which is a metal nitride (e.g., AlN), a non-metal nitride (e.g., Si3N4, BN), or SiC ceramic or the like, having both high heat conductivity and excellent insulating and mechanical properties.
In order to improve the overall energy density of the battery pack system, the cylindrical lithium batteries 3 in each layer of battery module are arranged in a regular hexagon mode, and at the moment, the wall thickness of the central tube 1 is preferably 1.5-3mm, and the outer diameter of the central tube is 1-1.1 times of the diameter of the cylindrical lithium batteries 3.
As shown in fig. 2, in a single battery pack unit, each cylindrical lithium battery 3 is located on the periphery of a central tube 1, n circles from inside to outside are respectively denoted as 1 st circle and 2 nd circle 2 … nd circle, each circle is provided with 6m cylindrical lithium batteries 3, m is the number of circles from inside to outside around the central tube, and m is 1,2, …, n; n is determined by the diameter of the cylindrical lithium battery 3 and the inner diameter of the battery compartment; the regular hexagon arrangement rule is as follows:
constructing a regular hexagon with the side length of L by taking the circle center of the cross section of the central tube 1 as a central point, wherein L is mx (d + s), d is the diameter of the cylindrical lithium battery 3, and m is the number of turns arranged around the central tube; s is a gap between two adjacent batteries, and is 2mm in consideration of maximum use of space and convenience in assembly.
The layer 1 is provided with 6 cylindrical lithium batteries 3, and the circle centers of the 6 cylindrical lithium batteries are respectively superposed with 6 vertexes of the regular hexagon;
the 2 nd layer is provided with 12 cylindrical lithium batteries 3, wherein the circle centers of 6 cylindrical lithium batteries 3 are respectively superposed with 6 vertexes of the regular hexagon, and the circle centers of the other 6 cylindrical lithium batteries 3 are respectively positioned at the middle points of the 6 edges of the regular hexagon;
the layer 3 is provided with 18 cylindrical lithium batteries 3, wherein the circle centers of 6 cylindrical lithium batteries 3 are respectively superposed with 6 vertexes of the regular hexagon, and the circle centers of the other 12 cylindrical lithium batteries 3 are uniformly distributed on 6 edges of the regular hexagon;
by analogy in the following way,
until the battery compartment bodies are arranged to the maximum inscribed regular hexagon of the battery compartment bodies.
Claims (7)
1. A high heat conduction lithium cell group for underwater vehicle which characterized in that:
the battery pack comprises a plurality of battery modules which are arranged in series and/or in parallel along the height direction of the battery;
the single battery module comprises a plurality of cylindrical lithium batteries (3) connected in series and/or in parallel and a battery rack (4) used for bearing and fixing the cylindrical lithium batteries (3); a plurality of circles of cylindrical lithium batteries (3) are arranged from inside to outside;
a central pipe (1) penetrating through each layer of battery module is arranged in a central gap formed by the innermost cylindrical lithium battery (3); the central tube (1) is filled with a high heat absorption composite material;
and the rest gaps formed by the cylindrical lithium battery (3) are filled with high-heat-conduction and insulation heat-conduction gap filling materials.
2. The high thermal conductivity battery pack for an underwater vehicle according to claim 1, wherein: in a single battery module, the cylindrical lithium batteries (3) of each circle are arranged in a regular hexagon arrangement mode.
3. The high thermal conductivity battery pack for an underwater vehicle according to claim 2, wherein: the regular hexagon is specifically arranged in the following mode:
the center of a cross section of the central tube (1) is used as a central point to construct a regular hexagon with the side length of L, wherein L is mx (d + s), d is the diameter of the cylindrical lithium battery (3), and m is the number of battery turns arranged around the central tube (1); s is a gap between two adjacent batteries;
the layer 1 is provided with 6 cylindrical lithium batteries (3), and the circle centers of the 6 cylindrical lithium batteries are respectively superposed with 6 vertexes of the regular hexagon;
the 2 nd layer is provided with 12 cylindrical lithium batteries (3), the circle centers of 6 cylindrical lithium batteries (3) are respectively superposed with 6 vertexes of the regular hexagon, and the circle centers of the other 6 cylindrical lithium batteries (3) are respectively positioned at the middle points of the 6 edges of the regular hexagon;
the layer 3 is provided with 18 cylindrical lithium batteries (3), the circle centers of 6 cylindrical lithium batteries (3) are respectively superposed with 6 vertexes of the regular hexagon, and the circle centers of the other 12 cylindrical lithium batteries (3) are uniformly distributed on 6 edges of the regular hexagon;
by analogy in the following way,
until the battery compartment bodies are arranged to the maximum inscribed regular hexagon of the battery compartment bodies.
4. A high thermal conductivity battery pack for an underwater vehicle according to claim 3, wherein: s 2 mm.
5. A high thermal conductivity battery pack for an underwater vehicle according to any of claims 1 to 4, wherein: the single battery module also comprises a cell management unit (2) for monitoring the state of health of the battery module and controlling the connection and disconnection of the battery module.
6. The lithium high conductivity battery pack for underwater vehicles according to claim 5, characterized in that: the high heat absorption composite material is a paraffin/expanded graphite composite phase change heat storage material or a silicon-based carrier composite phase change heat storage material.
7. The lithium battery pack with high thermal conductivity for underwater vehicles according to claim 5, characterized in that: the heat-conducting gap filling material is metal nitride, non-metal nitride or SiC ceramic.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202110999438.5A CN113793971A (en) | 2021-08-29 | 2021-08-29 | High-heat-conductivity lithium battery pack for underwater vehicle |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202110999438.5A CN113793971A (en) | 2021-08-29 | 2021-08-29 | High-heat-conductivity lithium battery pack for underwater vehicle |
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| CN113793971A true CN113793971A (en) | 2021-12-14 |
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| CN202110999438.5A Pending CN113793971A (en) | 2021-08-29 | 2021-08-29 | High-heat-conductivity lithium battery pack for underwater vehicle |
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN114976437A (en) * | 2022-05-21 | 2022-08-30 | 西北工业大学 | Underwater vehicle battery compartment integrating bearing, heat dissipation and energy supply |
| CN115020904A (en) * | 2022-07-08 | 2022-09-06 | 昆明海威机电技术研究所(有限公司) | Modularized underwater vehicle battery pack and management system thereof |
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