CN113791109A - Measuring device for iron-containing raw material reflow dripping performance - Google Patents
Measuring device for iron-containing raw material reflow dripping performance Download PDFInfo
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- CN113791109A CN113791109A CN202111092579.5A CN202111092579A CN113791109A CN 113791109 A CN113791109 A CN 113791109A CN 202111092579 A CN202111092579 A CN 202111092579A CN 113791109 A CN113791109 A CN 113791109A
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- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 126
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 63
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 46
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 128
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 128
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 128
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 77
- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 239000000571 coke Substances 0.000 claims description 36
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 claims description 22
- 238000005303 weighing Methods 0.000 claims description 19
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 claims description 16
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- KZHJGOXRZJKJNY-UHFFFAOYSA-N dioxosilane;oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Si]=O.O=[Si]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O KZHJGOXRZJKJNY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052863 mullite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000000149 penetrating effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 abstract description 58
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 abstract description 47
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 abstract description 17
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 abstract description 4
- CWYNVVGOOAEACU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fe2+ Chemical compound [Fe+2] CWYNVVGOOAEACU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 44
- 239000002893 slag Substances 0.000 description 12
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 9
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 9
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 8
- 238000012512 characterization method Methods 0.000 description 7
- 238000010924 continuous production Methods 0.000 description 7
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 7
- 238000004321 preservation Methods 0.000 description 7
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000003723 Smelting Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000014759 maintenance of location Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000008188 pellet Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000035699 permeability Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000003993 interaction Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000004088 simulation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000013480 data collection Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000035515 penetration Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000000630 rising effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004590 computer program Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000498 cooling water Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009851 ferrous metallurgy Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003384 imaging method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011819 refractory material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002912 waste gas Substances 0.000 description 1
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N25/00—Investigating or analyzing materials by the use of thermal means
- G01N25/02—Investigating or analyzing materials by the use of thermal means by investigating changes of state or changes of phase; by investigating sintering
- G01N25/04—Investigating or analyzing materials by the use of thermal means by investigating changes of state or changes of phase; by investigating sintering of melting point; of freezing point; of softening point
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- Biochemistry (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
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- Vertical, Hearth, Or Arc Furnaces (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a device for measuring the reflow dropping performance of a ferrous raw material, which comprises a tubular heating furnace and a gas distribution system for supplying reducing gas into the tubular heating furnace, wherein the tubular heating furnace comprises a hearth, a heating device surrounding the periphery of the hearth, an upper graphite crucible and a lower graphite crucible which are arranged in the hearth, and a dropping object receiving tray arranged below the lower graphite crucible, the bottom of the upper graphite crucible is provided with an upper bottom dropping hole, the lower graphite crucible is positioned right below the upper graphite crucible, and the bottom of the lower graphite crucible is also provided with a lower bottom dropping hole; the tubular heating furnace also comprises a graphite pressure head with a hole and a graphite pressure rod which are arranged in the upper graphite crucible, a central temperature thermocouple which extends through the graphite pressure rod and extends into the upper graphite crucible, a load arranged on the graphite pressure rod and a displacement sensor connected with the load. The invention realizes the continuous experiment of the iron-containing raw material reflow-dripping process and greatly enriches the research means of the iron-containing raw material dripping process.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of ferrous metallurgy, in particular to a device for measuring the reflow dripping performance of an iron-containing raw material.
Background
The iron-containing raw materials mainly enter the blast furnace in the form of sintered ore, pellet ore or lump ore, and the ore entering the blast furnace undergoes a series of physicochemical changes such as reduction, softening, melting, dripping and the like in the descending process of the ore in the blast furnace. In the process, the dynamic flow performance between the blast furnace slag and the coke can be effectively represented by measuring the dripping performance of the iron-containing raw material, so that the representation means of the liquid permeability of the lower part of the blast furnace is enriched, and a theoretical basis is provided for the selection of a blast furnace slagging system and the coke; for enterprises, ensuring the activity of a hearth area and the stable smooth operation of a blast furnace are also the keys for reducing the coke ratio and controlling the cost. Therefore, the effective monitoring of the state of the lower part of the blast furnace is very important, namely the research on the state and the reaction of the iron-containing raw material in the dripping process after the iron-containing raw material is reflowed is carried out.
At present, for the measurement of the iron-containing raw material reflow dropping performance, a patent with application number 201110132000.3 provides a device and a method for measuring the iron ore reduction reflow dropping performance in a blast furnace, a sealed box at the bottom of a tubular heating furnace is provided with a camera, the dropping time is judged by an image recognition method, and the measurement accuracy of the melting dropping time point is effectively improved; the patent with the application number of 201410337712.2 provides a method and a system for observing the molten drop process of blast furnace burden, wherein projection imaging is formed after X-rays pass through a high-temperature molten drop furnace burden sample, and a computer data image processing system converts the image information into image information for displaying, directly reflects the molten drop characteristic parameters of the state of the burden sample, and visually reflects the properties of a blast furnace soft melting zone; the patent with the application number of 201721310645.0 provides a device for testing the reflow dripping characteristic of a blast furnace iron-containing furnace charge, the volume of a graphite crucible used by the device is 2kg grade, the using amount of a sample is large, the reproducibility is good, the outlet of a gas flow controller in a gas supply system is connected with a gas temperature controller, and high-temperature reducing gas can be used in an experiment; the patent with application number 201910631697.5 proposes a device and a method for measuring the reduction and reflow dropping performance of iron ore in a blast furnace, which can better simulate the actual working atmosphere of the iron-making blast furnace, dynamically adjust the load on an iron ore sample, and obtain a test result closer to the actual operation condition of the iron-making blast furnace.
However, in the above apparatus or method for determining the soft melt drip quality of the iron-containing raw material, the experimental process focuses on the soft melt process of the iron-containing raw material, and the drop process is not sufficiently characterized; the measurement result is mainly characterized by the characteristic parameters of the reflow process, and the means for extracting the characteristic parameters of the dripping process is incomplete; the slag iron coke penetration test is carried out on the dropping object of the soft melting dropping test in a high-temperature tube furnace, the representation means of the dropping process is supplemented, but the continuous process of soft melting-dropping in the blast furnace is cracked, and the slag iron coke penetration test does not accord with the actual condition of the blast furnace.
Therefore, the existing device or method for performing the soft-melting dripping of the iron-containing raw material has various defects in the continuous process of the soft-melting-dripping and the characterization of the dripping process.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a device for measuring the reflow dripping performance of an iron-containing raw material, which realizes a continuous experiment of the reflow-dripping process of the iron-containing raw material and greatly enriches the research means of the dripping process.
In order to achieve the above object, an embodiment of the present invention provides an apparatus for measuring a reflow dropping property of an iron-containing raw material, the apparatus including a tubular heating furnace, and a gas distribution system for supplying a reducing gas into the tubular heating furnace, wherein,
the tubular heating furnace comprises a hearth, a heating device surrounding the periphery of the hearth, an upper graphite crucible and a lower graphite crucible which are arranged in the hearth, and a drip receiving tray arranged below the lower graphite crucible, wherein the bottom of the upper graphite crucible is provided with an upper bottom drip hole, the lower graphite crucible is positioned right below the upper graphite crucible, and the bottom of the lower graphite crucible is also provided with a lower bottom drip hole;
the tubular heating furnace also comprises a graphite pressure head with a hole and a graphite pressure rod which are arranged in the upper graphite crucible, a central temperature thermocouple which extends through the graphite pressure rod and extends into the upper graphite crucible, a load arranged on the graphite pressure rod and a displacement sensor connected with the load.
As a further improvement of the embodiment of the invention, three layers of furnace materials are placed in the upper graphite crucible, wherein the lowest layer is a layer of coke, the middle layer is an iron-containing raw material, and the uppermost layer is a layer of coke; the lower graphite crucible is only provided with coke.
As a further improvement of the embodiment of the present invention, the heating device includes an upper heating device and a lower heating device, both of which surround the outer periphery of the furnace chamber, and in the longitudinal extension direction of the furnace chamber, the upper heating device is correspondingly disposed on the outer periphery of the upper graphite crucible, and the lower heating device is correspondingly disposed on the outer periphery of the lower graphite crucible.
As a further improvement of the embodiment of the present invention, the apparatus for measuring the reflow dropping performance of the iron-containing raw material further includes a data acquisition and processing system, an upper temperature thermocouple is disposed at the upper heating device, a lower temperature thermocouple is disposed at the lower heating device, the upper temperature thermocouple is used for acquiring the temperature of the upper side wall of the furnace, the lower temperature thermocouple is used for acquiring the temperature of the lower side wall of the furnace, and both the upper temperature thermocouple and the lower temperature thermocouple are connected to the data acquisition and processing system.
As a further improvement of the embodiment of the present invention, the tubular heating furnace further comprises a support frame extending into the furnace from below the furnace, and the support frame is used for supporting the lower graphite crucible.
As a further improvement of the embodiment of the present invention, the support frame is made of mullite.
As a further improvement of the embodiment of the present invention, the apparatus for measuring the reflow dropping performance of the iron-containing raw material further comprises a weighing system disposed below the tubular heating furnace, and a data acquisition and processing system connected to the weighing system, wherein the weighing system comprises a first weight sensor disposed at the bottom of the furnace chamber, and the lower end of the support frame is disposed on the first weight sensor.
As a further development of an embodiment of the invention, the weighing system further comprises a second weight sensor, the drop receiving pan being arranged on the second weight sensor, the second weight sensor being arranged on the first weight sensor.
As a further improvement of the embodiment of the present invention, the first weight sensor measures a change in total mass of the lower graphite crucible, the second weight sensor and the drop receiving tray, the second weight sensor measures a change in mass of the charge dropped onto the drop receiving tray after passing through the lower graphite crucible, and the corresponding change in data is collected by the data collection processing system.
As a further improvement of the embodiment of the present invention, the weights of the first weight sensor and the second weight sensor are cleared before the measurement is started.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
(1) according to the invention, the upper graphite crucible and the lower graphite crucible are arranged at the upper part and the lower part of the hearth of the tubular heating furnace, so that the simulation of the dynamic continuous process of the blast furnace dripping iron with slag passing through coke is realized, the measuring process of the soft-melting dripping performance is optimized, and the measuring process is more in line with the blast furnace smelting condition.
(2) Go up graphite crucible and weighing system's setting down, richened the characterization parameter of soft melt dripping performance to avoided traditional soft melt dripping experiment to incline heavy soft melt process, the problem that is not enough is paid attention to the process of dripping.
(3) Taking out and dissecting after a graphite crucible experiment, and analyzing the reduction behavior of the iron-containing raw material after entering the furnace and the change of microstructure and porosity in the reflow process; the graphite crucible is taken out and dissected after the experiment, so that the interaction behavior between the iron slag and the coke in the dripping process can be researched, and the characterization means of the liquid permeability of the lower part of the blast furnace is enriched.
(4) The invention can realize the monitoring of the reflow-dripping continuous process of the iron-containing raw material after entering the furnace, solves the problem that the conventional tubular heating furnace focuses on the reflow process and is concerned about the insufficient dripping process, and enriches the representation means of the reflow dripping performance of the iron-containing raw material. By matching with the design of the actual smelting process of the blast furnace, more accurate experimental results and more abundant characteristic parameters are obtained compared with the traditional molten drop experiment, and the method has important significance for researching the soft melting and dropping performance of the iron-containing raw material.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic configuration diagram of an apparatus for measuring the reflow dripping performance of an iron-containing raw material according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a graph of experimental conditions within the furnace of FIG. 1;
FIG. 3 is a graph of a reflow process of the charge in the upper graphite crucible of FIG. 1;
FIG. 4 is a graph of a dripping process of the charge in the lower graphite crucible of FIG. 1;
fig. 5 is a flow chart of a particularly preferred embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in detail below with reference to specific embodiments shown in the drawings. These embodiments are not intended to limit the present invention, and structural, methodological, or functional changes made by those skilled in the art according to these embodiments are included in the scope of the present invention. In the description of the embodiments of the present invention, the terms "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "bottom", "inner" and "outer" and the like indicate orientations or positional relationships based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the drawings, and are generally referred to in a state of normal use of an apparatus for measuring the reflow dripping property of an iron-containing material, and do not indicate that the referred position or element must have a specific orientation.
As shown in fig. 1 to 4, the embodiment of the invention discloses a device for measuring the reflow dropping performance of an iron-containing raw material. The device for measuring the reflow dropping performance of the iron-containing raw material comprises a tubular heating furnace and a gas distribution system for supplying reducing gas into the tubular heating furnace.
The tubular heating furnace comprises a hearth 3, a heating device surrounding the periphery of the hearth 3, an upper graphite crucible 5 and a lower graphite crucible 11 which are all arranged in the hearth 3, and a drip receiving tray 16 arranged below the lower graphite crucible 11, wherein the lower part of the upper graphite crucible 5 is provided with a through upper bottom dripping hole, the lower graphite crucible 11 is positioned under the upper graphite crucible 5, and the bottom of the lower graphite crucible 11 is provided with a through lower bottom dripping hole. Specifically, the upper bottom dripping hole faces the lower graphite crucible 11, and the lower bottom dripping hole faces the drip receiving tray 16.
The tubular heating furnace also comprises a graphite pressure head with a hole and a graphite pressure rod 6 which are arranged in the upper graphite crucible 5, a central temperature thermocouple 1 which extends through the graphite pressure rod 6 and extends into the upper graphite crucible 5, and a load arranged on the graphite pressure rod 6 and a displacement sensor connected with the load.
The lower part of the hearth 3 is provided with an air inlet 20 communicated with an air distribution system, and the upper part of the hearth 3 is provided with a waste gas outlet 24.
Specifically, the upper graphite crucible 5 and the lower graphite crucible 11 are both configured in a cylindrical shape, and the center temperature of the upper graphite crucible 5 is measured by the center temperature thermocouple 1. The dropping material dropped from the upper graphite crucible 5 through the upper bottom dropping hole drops to the lower graphite crucible 11, and the dropping material dropped from the lower graphite crucible 11 through the lower bottom dropping hole drops to the dropping material receiving tray 16.
According to the embodiment provided by the invention, the upper graphite crucible 5 and the lower graphite crucible 11 are respectively arranged at the upper part and the lower part of the hearth 3, so that the tubular heating furnace can realize the simulation of the furnace burden reflow-dripping continuous process, the continuous experiment of the iron-containing raw material reflow-dripping process is realized, and the research means of the dripping process is greatly enriched. Specifically, the method has the following technical effects:
(1) according to the invention, the upper graphite crucible 5 and the lower graphite crucible 11 are arranged at the upper part and the lower part of the hearth 3 of the tubular heating furnace, so that the simulation of the dynamic continuous process of the blast furnace dripping iron with slag passing through coke is realized, the measuring process of the reflow dripping performance is optimized, and the measuring process is more in line with the blast furnace smelting condition.
(2) After the graphite crucible 5 is put into the furnace for experiment, the material is taken out and dissected, and the reduction behavior of the iron-containing raw material after entering the furnace and the change of microstructure and porosity in the reflow process can be analyzed; the graphite crucible 11 is taken out and dissected after the experiment, so that the interaction behavior between the iron slag and the coke in the dripping process can be researched, and the characterization means of the liquid permeability of the lower part of the blast furnace is enriched.
(3) The invention can realize the monitoring of the reflow-dripping continuous process of the iron-containing raw material after entering the furnace, solves the problem that the conventional tubular heating furnace focuses on the reflow process and is concerned about the insufficient dripping process, and enriches the representation means of the reflow dripping performance of the iron-containing raw material. By matching with the design of the actual smelting process of the blast furnace, more accurate experimental results and more abundant characteristic parameters are obtained compared with the traditional molten drop experiment, and the method has important significance for researching the soft melting and dropping performance of the iron-containing raw material.
Further, three layers of furnace burden are placed in the upper graphite crucible 5, the lowest layer 10 is a layer of coke, the middle layer 8 is an iron-containing raw material, and the uppermost layer 7 is a layer of coke; the lower graphite crucible 11 is provided with only coke 13. Specifically, the middle layer 7 in the upper graphite crucible 5 is a 60-100 mm iron-containing raw material; the lower graphite crucible 11 is provided with 60-100 m of coke 13, which simulates the coke in a blast furnace dripping zone.
Further, the heating device comprises an upper heating device 4 and a lower heating device 14 which are both arranged around the periphery of the hearth 3, in the lengthwise extending direction of the hearth 3, the upper heating device 4 is correspondingly arranged on the periphery of the upper graphite crucible 5, and the lower heating device 14 is correspondingly arranged on the periphery of the lower graphite crucible 11.
In addition, the device for measuring the iron-containing raw material reflow dripping performance further comprises a data acquisition and processing system, wherein the data acquisition system comprises thermocouple temperature acquisition, displacement data acquisition, pressure data acquisition in the furnace, dripping weight acquisition of an upper graphite crucible and dripping weight acquisition of a lower graphite crucible.
An upper temperature thermocouple 9 is arranged at the upper heating device 4, a lower temperature thermocouple 12 is arranged at the lower heating device 14, the upper temperature thermocouple 9 is used for collecting the temperature of the upper side wall of the hearth 3, the lower temperature thermocouple 12 is used for collecting the temperature of the lower side wall of the hearth 3, and the upper temperature thermocouple 9 and the lower temperature thermocouple 12 are both connected with a data collecting and processing system.
So set up, go up heating device 4 and heating device 14 down can realize the segment control to 3 temperatures of furnace, guarantee the homogeneity of the interior temperature field of furnace 3 and the accuracy of accuse temperature.
Preferably, the tube furnace further comprises a support frame 19 extending into the furnace 3 from below the furnace 3, the support frame 19 being used to support the lower graphite crucible 11. In particular, the supporting frame 19 is made of mullite, a refractory material.
The device for measuring the reflow dripping performance of the iron-containing raw material further comprises a weighing system arranged below the tubular heating furnace and a data acquisition and processing system connected with the weighing system, wherein the weighing system comprises a first weight sensor 18 arranged at the bottom of the hearth 3, and the lower end of a supporting frame 19 is arranged on the first weight sensor 18.
The weighing system further comprises a second weight sensor 17, the drip receiving pan 16 being arranged on the second weight sensor 17, the second weight sensor 17 being arranged on the first weight sensor 18.
The bottom of furnace 3 still is equipped with camera 15, and camera 15 is towards weighing system for observe the condition of dripping.
Specifically, the first weight sensor 18 measures the total mass change of the lower graphite crucible 11, the second weight sensor 17 and the drop receiving tray 16, the second weight sensor 17 measures the mass change of the charge dropping to the drop receiving tray 16 after penetrating through the lower graphite crucible 11, and the corresponding data change is collected by the data collection and processing system.
Before the start of measurement, the weights of the first weight sensor 18 and the second weight sensor 17 are cleared to facilitate data recording.
According to the specific implementation mode provided by the invention, due to the arrangement of the upper graphite crucible 5, the lower graphite crucible 11 and the weighing system, the characterization parameters of the reflow dropping performance are enriched, so that the problem that the conventional reflow dropping experiment focuses on the reflow dropping process and the dropping process is not sufficiently concerned is solved.
In the preferred embodiment, the weighing system includes two weight sensors, a first weight sensor 18 and a second weight sensor 17. The two groups of weight sensors are arranged at the bottom of the tubular heating furnace, the lower end of a supporting frame 19 at the lower part of the hearth 3 is arranged on a first weight sensor 18 at the bottom of the hearth 3, and a second weight sensor 17 and a drip receiving plate 16 thereon are also arranged on the first weight sensor 18. The first weight sensor 18 measures the total mass change of the graphite crucible 11 under the hearth 3, the second weight sensor 17 and the drop receiving tray 16 thereon; the second weight sensor 17 measures the change in mass of the charge material which has passed through the coke layer 13 in the lower graphite crucible 11 and dropped on the drop receiving pan 16.
The weight changes measured by the two weight sensors enrich the characterization parameters of the dripping process: the time when the first weight sensor 18 records the weight change for the first time is taken as the dripping starting time, the time when the measured weights of the first weight sensor 18 and the second weight sensor 17 do not change any more (namely, the measured weights are kept until the experiment is finished) is taken as the dripping ending time, and the interval between the dripping starting time and the dripping ending time is the dripping duration time; the retention of the iron slag in the coke layer 13 of the lower graphite crucible 11 can be obtained from the data of the two weight sensors, and the change in weight measured by the first weight sensor 18 is recorded as m1The change in weight measured by the second weight sensor 17 is m2Then there is
The continuous variation curve of the dropping weight is plotted based on the temperature of the lower furnace 3 and the weight variation measured by the second weight sensor 17.
The data acquisition and processing system comprises a main control system 22, a computer 23 and a data processing program. The monitoring parameters of the main control system 22 are not limited to the center temperature, the pressure in the furnace, and the displacement, but also include the temperature of the upper and lower side surfaces of the tubular heating furnace, the weight change of the lower graphite crucible 11, and the final weight of the dropping. The process indexes are recorded through a computer 23 program, characteristic parameters of the reflow dropping are obtained, the characteristic parameters are not limited to the temperature of the softened dropping, the interval between the softening temperature and the reflow temperature, the maximum pressure difference, the shrinkage rate of the reflow layer and the like, the dropping start temperature, the dropping end temperature and the slag iron retention rate are also included, and a continuous change curve of the dropping weight is derived according to data transmitted by a weighing system.
In particular to the preferred embodiment, the gas distribution system comprises a CO2Gas cylinders 42, N2Gas cylinder 39, gas producer 33, mixed gas flowmeter 27 and CO2A remover 31 and a dehydrator 30. By using CO2The gas is passed through a gas producer 33 to produce CO gas, which is passed through CO2After the remover 31 and the dehydrator 30, the mixture passes through N2Flow meters 26, 28 for CO and N2Ratio andgas flow rate, CO, N2The mixed gas is connected with a gas inlet 20 at the lower part of the tube type heating furnace through a pipeline to provide reducing gas for the tube type heating furnace.
Specifically, N2N in cylinder 392Gas passes through N in sequence2Gas outlet flow meter 40, N2The flowmeter 26 is converged into the mixed gas flowmeter 27, and is mixed with CO and then enters the tubular heating furnace through the gas inlet 20.
CO2CO in cylinder 422The gas passes through CO in sequence2 Gas outlet flowmeter 41, gas producer 33, CO2A remover 31, a dehydrator 30, a CO flowmeter 28, which are merged into the mixed gas flowmeter 27 and then mixed with N2After mixing, the mixture enters the tubular heating furnace through the air inlet 20. In addition, a gas analyzer 29 is arranged between the dehydrator 30 and the CO flowmeter 28, the upper end and the lower end of the gas generating furnace 33 are provided with a furnace tube upper flange 34 and a furnace tube lower flange 32, a heating furnace body 35 is arranged outside the gas generating furnace 33, and the heating furnace body 35 is provided with a heating terminal 38 and a temperature controller 37.
Preferably, the computer program of the present invention additionally measures and calculates characteristic parameters such as a dropping start temperature, a slag retention rate, and a dropping duration, and derives a continuous change curve of the dropping weight.
As shown in fig. 5, a method for measuring the reflow dropping property of an iron-containing raw material includes the following steps:
s1: crushing and drying the iron-containing raw material and coke;
s2: respectively charging an upper graphite crucible 5 and a lower graphite crucible 11 and sequentially placing the upper graphite crucible and the lower graphite crucible in a hearth 3;
s3: connecting a thermocouple, a load, a displacement sensor and a weighing system;
s4: setting a temperature control program of the tubular heating furnace, and starting to heat up;
s5: connecting a gas path, introducing different gases according to a certain temperature and preserving heat;
s6: after the heat preservation is finished, the temperature control program enters a cooling stage;
s7: recording and processing characteristic parameters of the reflow-dripping process, a reflow process curve and a dripping process curve;
s8: after the experiment, the upper graphite crucible 5, the lower graphite crucible 11 and the final dropping material were taken out.
In one embodiment, step S1 is specifically: crushing iron-containing raw materials (including pellet ore, sintered ore and lump ore) and coke to 10-12.5 mm of particle size, and drying in an oven at 100 +/-10 ℃ for 2 hours.
In one embodiment, step S2 is specifically: three layers of furnace burden are placed in an upper graphite crucible 5 at the upper part of a hearth 3, the lowest layer is a layer of coke 10, the middle layer 8 is a 60-100 mm iron-containing raw material, and the uppermost layer 7 is a layer of coke; only coke of 60-100 mm is arranged in the lower graphite crucible 11, and coke in a dropping zone of the blast furnace is simulated.
In one embodiment, step S4 is specifically: setting a temperature control program of a hearth 3 of the tubular heating furnace, wherein the temperature rising speed is 10K/min when 273K-1173K, the heat preservation is carried out for 30min on the upper part of the hearth 3 when 1173K, the temperature rising speed is 5K/min when 1173K-1773K, the heat preservation is carried out for 60min when 1773K, and after the heat preservation is finished, the hearth 3 of the tubular heating furnace is cooled at the temperature lowering speed of 10K/min.
In one embodiment, step S5 is specifically: before the temperature of a hearth 3 of the tubular heating furnace reaches 773K, N is introduced from an air inlet 20 at the bottom of the tubular heating furnace2In which N is introduced2The flow rate of (2) is 5L/min, when the temperature rises to 773K, the gas introduced is changed into 30% CO + 70% N2Wherein CO + N2The total flow rate of (2) was 15L/min.
In one embodiment, step S6 is specifically: after the heat preservation is finished, the temperature control program enters a cooling stage, the gas producer is closed, and CO is closed2The gas tank 42 is used for introducing N into the hearth 3 of the tubular heating furnace from the gas inlet 202Introduction of N2The flow rate of (2) is 5L/min.
In one embodiment, step S7 is specifically: the computer 23 of the invention records the process indexes, obtains the characteristic parameters of the reflow dropping, is not limited to the temperature of the softened dropping, the interval between the softening temperature and the reflow temperature, the maximum pressure difference and the shrinkage rate of the reflow layer, also comprises the dropping starting temperature, the dropping duration and the slag iron retention rate, and derives the continuous change curve of the dropping weight according to the data transmitted by the weighing system.
In one embodiment, step S8 is specifically: after the graphite crucible 5 is put into the furnace for experiment, the material is taken out and dissected, and the reduction behavior of the iron-containing raw material after entering the furnace and the change of microstructure and porosity in the reflow process can be analyzed; the graphite crucible 11 is taken out and dissected after the experiment, so that the interaction behavior between the iron slag and the coke in the dripping process can be researched, and the characterization means of the liquid permeability of the lower part of the blast furnace is enriched.
In order to further understand the present invention, the method for determining the reflow dropping property of the iron-containing raw material provided by the present invention is described in detail below with reference to examples. In the specific implementation mode:
(1) crushing iron-containing raw materials (including pellet ore, sinter ore and lump ore) and coke to 10-12.5 mm of particle size, and drying in an oven at 100 +/-10 ℃ for 2 hours;
(2) preparing an upper graphite crucible 5, loading the iron-containing raw material and coke dried in the step (1) into the upper graphite crucible 5, placing three layers of furnace materials in the upper graphite crucible 5, wherein the lowest layer is a layer of coke 10, the middle layer 8 is an iron-containing raw material with the thickness of 60-100 mm, the uppermost layer is a layer of coke 7, and the lower graphite crucible 11 is only provided with a layer of coke 13 with the thickness of 60-100 mm, so as to simulate the coke of a blast furnace dripping zone;
(3) placing a lower graphite crucible 11 on a support frame 19 at the lower part of a tubular heating hearth 3, and then placing an upper graphite crucible 5 on the upper part of the hearth 3 of the tubular heating furnace;
(4) a millstone and a graphite pressure rod 6 are inserted into an upper graphite crucible 5, a central temperature thermocouple 1 is inserted into the graphite pressure rod 6, a load 2 is placed on the graphite pressure rod 6, and a displacement sensor 25 is connected;
(5) switching on a power supply, setting a temperature control program of a hearth 3 of the tubular heating furnace, keeping the temperature of the upper part of the hearth 3 at 273K-1173K for 30min, keeping the temperature of the upper part of the hearth 3 at 1173K, keeping the temperature of the hearth 3 at 1173K-1773K for 5K/min, keeping the temperature of the hearth 3 at 1773K for 60min, and cooling the hearth 3 of the tubular heating furnace at the temperature reduction speed of 10K/min after the heat preservation is finished;
(6) heating the gas producer to 1473K, and turning on CO2 A gas tank 42 for introducing CO into the gas producer2，CO2By CO2After the remover 31 and the dehydrator 30, the gas passes throughThe flowmeter 28 controls the CO flow to input CO into the tubular heating furnace;
(7) before the temperature of the hearth 3 of the tubular heating furnace reaches 773K, N is introduced from an air inlet 20 at the bottom of the tubular heating furnace2(5L/min), when the temperature rises to 773K, the gas introduced is changed into 30% CO + 70% N2(total flow 15L/min);
(8) after the heat preservation is finished, the temperature control program enters a temperature reduction stage, the gas producer is closed, and CO is closed2A gas tank 42 for introducing N into the tubular heating furnace through the gas inlet 202(5L/min)；
(9) Keeping the cooling water circulating, and turning off the power supply when the temperature is reduced to below 773K;
(10) after the experiment is finished, reading and processing experimental data. Taking out the upper graphite crucible 5, the lower graphite crucible 11 and the drip receiving tray 16, and respectively detecting and analyzing the distribution state and the reaction degree of different materials in the upper graphite crucible 5, the lower graphite crucible 11 and the drip receiving tray 16.
In addition, in the above examples, the study of the reflow dropping performance of the iron-containing material was conducted using sintered ore, pellet ore, lump ore and coke of a certain steel plant in China, and the relevant characteristic parameters are shown in table 1, the reflow process curves of the No. 1, No. 2 and No. 3 furnace materials are shown in fig. 3, and the dropping process curves of the No. 1, No. 2 and No. 3 furnace materials are shown in fig. 4.
TABLE 1 result of the measurement of the reduction softening melting dropping property of the mixed ore of a certain iron and steel plant in China
It should be understood that although the present description refers to embodiments, not every embodiment contains only a single technical solution, and such description is for clarity only, and those skilled in the art should make the description as a whole, and the technical solutions in the embodiments can also be combined appropriately to form other embodiments understood by those skilled in the art. The above-listed detailed description is only a specific description of a possible embodiment of the present invention, and they are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention, and equivalent embodiments or modifications made without departing from the technical spirit of the present invention should be included in the scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A device for measuring the reflow dropping performance of iron-containing raw materials comprises a tubular heating furnace and a gas distribution system for supplying reducing gas into the tubular heating furnace, and is characterized in that,
the tubular heating furnace comprises a hearth, a heating device surrounding the periphery of the hearth, an upper graphite crucible and a lower graphite crucible which are arranged in the hearth, and a drip receiving tray arranged below the lower graphite crucible, wherein the bottom of the upper graphite crucible is provided with an upper bottom drip hole, the lower graphite crucible is positioned right below the upper graphite crucible, and the bottom of the lower graphite crucible is also provided with a lower bottom drip hole;
the tubular heating furnace also comprises a graphite pressure head with a hole and a graphite pressure rod which are arranged in the upper graphite crucible, a central temperature thermocouple which extends through the graphite pressure rod and extends into the upper graphite crucible, a load arranged on the graphite pressure rod and a displacement sensor connected with the load.
2. The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein three layers of the charge materials are placed in the upper graphite crucible, the lowermost layer is a coke layer, the intermediate layer is the iron-containing material, and the uppermost layer is a coke layer; the lower graphite crucible is only provided with coke.
3. The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the heating means comprises an upper heating means and a lower heating means, both of which surround the outer periphery of the furnace, and the upper heating means is disposed on the outer periphery of the upper graphite crucible and the lower heating means is disposed on the outer periphery of the lower graphite crucible in the longitudinal direction of the furnace.
4. The apparatus of claim 3, wherein the apparatus further comprises a data acquisition and processing system, an upper thermocouple is disposed at the upper heating device, a lower thermocouple is disposed at the lower heating device, the upper thermocouple is used for acquiring the temperature of the upper sidewall of the furnace, the lower thermocouple is used for acquiring the temperature of the lower sidewall of the furnace, and the upper thermocouple and the lower thermocouple are both connected to the data acquisition and processing system.
5. The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the tube furnace further comprises a support frame extending into the furnace from below the furnace, the support frame being configured to support the lower graphite crucible.
6. The apparatus according to claim 5, wherein the support frame is made of mullite.
7. The apparatus of claim 5, further comprising a weighing system disposed under the tubular heating furnace, and a data acquisition and processing system connected to the weighing system, wherein the weighing system comprises a first weight sensor disposed at the bottom of the furnace chamber, and the lower end of the supporting frame is disposed on the first weight sensor.
8. The apparatus according to claim 7, wherein the weighing system further comprises a second weight sensor, the drip receiving tray being disposed on the second weight sensor, and the second weight sensor being disposed on the first weight sensor.
9. The apparatus according to claim 8, wherein the first weight sensor measures the total mass change of the lower graphite crucible, the second weight sensor and the drip receiving plate, the second weight sensor measures the mass change of the burden dropping to the drip receiving plate after penetrating the lower graphite crucible, and the corresponding data change is collected by the data collecting and processing system.
10. The apparatus according to claim 8, wherein the weights of the first weight sensor and the second weight sensor are cleared before the measurement is started.
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