CN113790971A - Three-dimensional stress loading device and method for large-size true triaxial hydraulic fracturing simulation experiment - Google Patents
Three-dimensional stress loading device and method for large-size true triaxial hydraulic fracturing simulation experiment Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a three-dimensional stress loading device and a method for a large-size true triaxial hydraulic fracturing simulation experiment, which comprises the following steps: step A, arranging an experimental site, installing an experimental device and assembling an experimental instrument, and installing a valve at a corresponding position; step B, cutting the rock sample taken back on site to prepare a standard rock sample and putting the standard rock sample into a pressure container; step C, adding a rock expanding agent into a clamping plate of the carbon fiber true triaxial pressure container chamber according to a loading pressure value required by an experiment; d, opening a valve of a water injection system, carrying out a physicochemical reaction on the expanding agent and water, and observing the readings of the pressure gauges in real time; and E, after the fracturing simulation experiment is completed, starting an electric heating system to reduce the moisture in the expanding agent, and observing the readings of the pressure gauges in real time. The invention has the advantages that: the original stress state of the reservoir is greatly reduced, the experiment operation is convenient, the experiment efficiency is improved, and the experiment cost is reduced.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of geological engineering and hydraulic fracturing tests, in particular to a device and a method for realizing three-dimensional stress loading of a large-scale true triaxial hydraulic fracturing experiment, belongs to a novel pressurizing device and a novel pressurizing method, and is used for large-scale hydraulic fracturing simulation experiments.
Background
The hydraulic fracturing technology is the most common production increasing measure in the oil and gas field development process, and a large-scale fracture network with high flow conductivity can be formed in a stratum through hydraulic fracturing, so that the drainage area of oil and gas is increased, and the flow resistance of the oil and gas is reduced. In hydraulic fracturing, the research on the formation conditions, the fracture morphology, the fracture orientation and the like of a fractured fracture is of great importance to effectively playing the role of the fracturing in increasing the production and the injection, so that the development of a physical simulation test has great significance on the research on the initiation and the expansion behaviors of the fracture.
The true triaxial test instrument can simulate the three-dimensional stress state of rock in stratum and can independently change the three main stresses on the test sample to measure the rock strength and deformation characteristics, and mainly comprises a pressure chamber, a load loading system, a measuring system, a drainage system, an automatic control system and other auxiliary equipment.
Three main problems exist in the conventional true triaxial stress loading equipment and method at present: firstly, the size of the equipment is small, and the field can only be approximately simulated through a similarity criterion, so that the experimental result has limitation, and the guiding significance of the experimental result to the field is limited. Secondly, the triaxial adds confined pressure device has not enough in the aspect of maximum loading pressure and stability, can not restore the stress state of stratum rock comparatively really, and this has directly led to the experiment effect not good, efficiency is lower. III
The cost is high, and the current advanced large-scale true triaxial fracturing simulation experiment equipment and scheme have huge cost and cannot be widely used for research and popularization.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the problems, the invention designs the three-dimensional stress loading device and the method for the large-size true triaxial hydraulic fracturing simulation experiment, so that the original stress state of a reservoir is greatly reduced, the experiment operation is convenient, the experiment efficiency is improved, and the experiment cost is reduced.
The technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
a three-dimensional stress loading method for a large-size true triaxial hydraulic fracturing simulation experiment comprises the following steps:
step A, arranging an experimental site, installing an experimental device and assembling an experimental instrument, and installing a valve at a corresponding position;
step B, cutting the rock sample taken back on site to prepare a standard rock sample and putting the standard rock sample into a pressure container;
c, adding a proper amount of rock expanding agent into a clamping plate of the carbon fiber true triaxial pressure container chamber according to a loading pressure value required by an experiment;
d, opening a valve of a water injection system, carrying out a physicochemical reaction on the expanding agent and water, and observing the readings of the pressure gauges in real time;
and E, after the fracturing simulation experiment is completed, starting an electric heating system to reduce the moisture in the expanding agent, and observing the readings of the pressure gauges in real time.
And furthermore, in the step E, the readings of all pressure gauges are observed until the pressure is completely unloaded, and then the rock sample is taken out.
Further, in step B, the size of the rock sample is 60cm × 60cm
Square with a tolerance of ± 1 mm.
Further, in step C, the X direction is loaded to 45MPa, the Y direction is loaded to 35MPa, and the Z direction is loaded to 25MPa, and 30kg of rock expanding agent, 24kg of rock expanding agent, and 17kg of rock expanding agent are respectively added to the clamp plates in the X direction, the clamp plates in the Y direction, and the clamp plates in the Z direction, of the carbon fiber true triaxial pressure vessel chamber.
Further, in step B, the rock sample is taken to have a size of 40cm by 40cm cube with a tolerance of + -1 mm.
Further, in step C, the X direction is loaded to 30MPa, the Y direction is loaded to 20MPa, and the Z direction is loaded to 25MPa, and 20kg of rock expanding agent is added to the clamp plate in the X direction, 14kg of rock expanding agent is added to the clamp plate in the Y direction, and 17kg of rock expanding agent is added to the clamp plate in the Z direction, respectively.
Preferably, the material of the pressure vessel used in step B is carbon fiber.
Furthermore, in the step D, the pressure generated by the reaction with the rock expanding agent is adjusted by means of the injected water quantity, and the pressure is adjusted by means of the cooperation of a water injection system and an electric heating system.
The invention also provides a three-dimensional stress loading device for the large-size true triaxial hydraulic fracturing simulation experiment, which comprises a carbon fiber true triaxial pressure container, and is also provided with a pressure sensor and an advection pump, wherein the pressure sensor is arranged inside the carbon fiber true triaxial pressure container, and the advection pump is arranged outside the carbon fiber true triaxial pressure container and is connected with the carbon fiber true triaxial pressure container through a pipeline.
Preferably, the carbon fiber true triaxial pressure vessel is made of carbon fiber.
The invention has the advantages that: based on the structural design of the pressure container, the effect of providing pressure by volume expansion is realized through the mutual reaction of the rock expanding agent and water, and the reservoir is reduced to the great extent
The original stress state, the experiment simple operation can really simulate the stress state of stratum rock, simulates the scene better, and the experimental result can directly be used for the scene, has improved experimental efficiency, and has reduced the experiment cost.
The invention is further illustrated by the following figures and examples. Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of the installation process of the experimental apparatus of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a schematic structural view of the pressure vessel of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of the pressure vessel clamp plate of the present invention.
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of the pressure loading of the present invention.
FIG. 5 is a graph of pressure versus time in accordance with a first embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 6 is a graph of pressure versus time for a second embodiment of the present invention. Detailed Description
The following description of the preferred embodiments of the present invention is provided for the purpose of illustration and description, and is in no way intended to limit the invention.
Referring to fig. 1 to 6, the invention provides a three-dimensional stress loading method for a large-size true triaxial hydraulic fracturing simulation experiment, which comprises the following steps: step A, arranging an experimental site, installing an experimental device and assembling an experimental instrument, and installing a valve at a corresponding position; step B, cutting the rock sample taken back on site to prepare a standard rock sample and putting the standard rock sample into a pressure container; c, adding a proper amount of rock expanding agent into a clamping plate of the carbon fiber true triaxial pressure container chamber according to a loading pressure value required by an experiment; d, opening a valve of a water injection system, carrying out a physicochemical reaction on the expanding agent and water, and observing the readings of the pressure gauges in real time; step E, after the fracturing simulation experiment is completed, starting the electric heating system to reduce the moisture in the expanding agent, and observing the pressure representation in real time
And (4) counting. The experimental materials and experimental devices used in the invention comprise a carbon fiber true triaxial pressure container chamber, a bracket for bearing the experimental device, a rock expanding agent, a water injection system, an electric heating system, a rock sample, distilled water and a corresponding valve. The function of each experimental device is as follows: the pressure container provides a fixing function for a rock sample, the advection pump provides power for injected water, the conveying pipeline provides an injection path for the injected water, the pump discharge capacity is adjusted by the valve, the pressure gauge provides a basis for adjusting the pump speed, and the electric heating device can adjust and unload the pressure. And E, observing the readings of the pressure gauges until the pressure is completely unloaded, and taking out the rock sample. In the step D, the pressure generated by the reaction with the rock expanding agent is adjusted by means of the injected water quantity, and the pressure is adjusted by means of the cooperation of a water injection system and an electric heating system.
Wherein, in the step B, the size of the rock sample is a cube of 60cm multiplied by 60cm, and the tolerance is +/-1 mm. In step C, loading 45MPa in the X direction, 35MPa in the Y direction and 25MPa in the Z direction, respectively adding 30kg of rock expanding agent into the clamp plates in the X direction of the carbon fiber true triaxial pressure container chamber, adding 24kg of rock expanding agent into the clamp plates in the Y direction, and adding 17kg of rock expanding agent into the clamp plates in the Z direction. Of course, in step B, the size of the rock sample may be a cube of 40cm by 40cm with a tolerance of
Plus or minus 1 mm. In step C, 20kg of rock expanding agent is added to the X-direction clamp plate, 14kg of rock expanding agent is added to the Y-direction clamp plate, and 17kg of rock expanding agent is added to the Z-direction clamp plate of the carbon fiber true triaxial pressure vessel chamber. Preferably, the pressure vessel used in step B is made of carbon fiber, but it is needless to say that a material capable of achieving the same effect may be used.
The HSCA rock expander types and the applied air temperature range are shown in table 1.
TABLE 1 HSCA rock expander types and application air temperature ranges
The invention also provides a three-dimensional stress loading device for the large-size true triaxial hydraulic fracturing simulation experiment, which comprises a carbon fiber true triaxial pressure container, and is also provided with a pressure sensor and an advection pump, wherein the pressure sensor is arranged inside the carbon fiber true triaxial pressure container, and the advection pump is arranged outside the carbon fiber true triaxial pressure container and is connected with the carbon fiber true triaxial pressure container through a pipeline. Preferably, the carbon fiber true triaxial pressure vessel is made of carbon fiber, and of course, materials capable of achieving the same effect can also be adopted.
The invention provides a novel three-dimensional stress loading device and method for a large-size true triaxial hydraulic fracturing simulation experiment. In the method, a rock expanding agent reacts with water to provide pressure, and the rock sample can be respectively applied with three-direction pressure based on the structure of a pressure container. After the invention is actually tested, the obtained result is consistent with the expectation, and the effectiveness of the invention is proved. Based on the structural design of the pressure container, the effect of providing pressure by volume expansion is realized through the mutual reaction of the rock expanding agent and water, the original stress state of the reservoir is greatly reduced, the experiment operation is convenient, the experiment cost is reduced, and the method has important guiding significance for optimizing the true triaxial hydraulic fracturing simulation experiment. The invention breaks away from the thought barriers in the prior art, and provides a brand-new thought and method for evaluating the three-dimensional stress loading device and the loading method of the large-size true triaxial experimental equipment for the fracture morphology experiment.
The invention is based on the structural design of a pressure container, and the rock expanding agent and water are mutually opposite
The pressure-bearing test bed has the advantages that the effect of providing pressure through volume expansion is achieved, the original stress state of a reservoir is reduced to a great extent, the test operation is convenient, the stress state of stratum rocks can be really simulated, the site can be well simulated, the test result can be directly used for the site, the test efficiency is improved, and the test cost is reduced.
Example 1
Arranging an experimental site, and installing each experimental device according to a device installation flow schematic diagram;
(1) assembling experimental instruments according to experimental requirements, and installing valves at corresponding positions;
(2) cutting the rock sample taken back on site to prepare a standard rock sample and loading the standard rock sample into a pressure container, wherein the size of the rock sample is as follows: 60cm x 60cm cube, tolerance
±1mm。；
(3) According to the experimental requirements, the X direction needs to be loaded to 45MPa, the Y direction needs to be loaded to 35MPa, and the Z direction needs to be loaded to 25MPa, 30kg of I-type expanding agent is added into a splint of the carbon fiber true triaxial pressure container chamber in the X direction, 24kg of I-type expanding agent is added into a splint in the Y direction, and 17kg of I-type expanding agent is added into a splint in the Z direction;
(4) opening a valve of a water injection system, carrying out a physical and chemical reaction on the expanding agent and water, observing the readings of pressure gauges at each end in real time, and carrying out corresponding adjustment in time;
(5) after the fracturing simulation experiment is completed, the electric heating system is started, so that the moisture in the expanding agent is reduced, the readings of all pressure gauges are observed in real time, and the rock sample can be taken out after the pressure is completely unloaded.
The surface areas of three applied loads can be obtained according to the size of the rock sample test piece as follows: s1=0.6 × 0.6=0.36m2
S2=0.6×0.6=0.36m2
S3=0.6×0.6=0.36m2
The reaction speed of the rock expanding agent and water has a direct relation with the temperature, the laboratory temperature is 25 ℃, and the error caused by the tiny fluctuation of the temperature can be ignored. According to the values of the pressure sensors, the time variation of the pressure in each direction can be obtained, as shown in fig. 5. According to the results shown in the figure, the rock expanding agent has a good effect as a pressure source, and the pressures in three directions basically and synchronously reach the required pressure values, so that the expected experimental effect is achieved.
Example 2
Arranging an experimental site, and installing each experimental device according to a device installation flow schematic diagram;
(1) assembling experimental instruments according to experimental requirements, and installing valves at corresponding positions;
(2) cutting the rock sample taken back on site to prepare a standard rock sample and loading the standard rock sample into a pressure container, wherein the size of the rock sample is as follows: 40cm x 40cm cube, tolerance
±1mm。；
(3) According to the experimental requirements, the X direction needs to be loaded to 30MPa, the Y direction needs to be loaded to 20MPa, the Z direction needs to be loaded to 25MPa, 20kg of I-type expanding agent is added into a splint of the carbon fiber true triaxial pressure container chamber in the X direction, 14kg of I-type expanding agent is added into a splint in the Y direction, and 17kg of I-type expanding agent is added into a splint in the Z direction;
(4) opening a valve of a water injection system, carrying out a physical and chemical reaction on the expanding agent and water, observing the readings of each pressure gauge in real time, and carrying out corresponding adjustment in time;
(5) after the fracturing simulation experiment is completed, the electric heating system is started, so that the moisture in the expanding agent is reduced, the readings of all pressure gauges are observed in real time, and the rock sample can be taken out after the pressure is unloaded.
The surface areas of the rock sample in three free directions can be obtained according to the size of the rock sample:
S1=0.6×0.6=0.36m2
S2=0.6×0.6=0.36m2
S3=0.6×0.6=0.36m2
the reaction speed of the rock expanding agent and water has a direct relation with the temperature, the laboratory temperature is 25 ℃, and the error caused by the tiny fluctuation of the temperature can be ignored. According to the values of the pressure sensors, the time variation of the pressure in each direction can be obtained, as shown in fig. 6. According to the calculation result, the rock expanding agent has a good effect as a pressure source, and an expected experimental effect is achieved.
It should be understood, however, that the description herein of specific embodiments is not intended to limit the invention to the particular forms disclosed, but on the contrary, the intention is to cover all modifications, equivalents, and alternatives falling within the spirit and scope of the invention as defined by the appended claims.
Claims (10)
1. A three-dimensional stress loading method for a large-size true triaxial hydraulic fracturing simulation experiment is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step A, arranging an experimental site, installing an experimental device and assembling an experimental instrument, and installing a valve at a corresponding position;
step B, cutting the rock sample taken back on site to prepare a standard rock sample and putting the standard rock sample into a pressure container;
step C, adding a rock expanding agent into a clamping plate of the carbon fiber true triaxial pressure container chamber according to a loading pressure value required by an experiment;
d, opening a valve of a water injection system, carrying out a physicochemical reaction on the expanding agent and water, and observing the readings of the pressure gauges in real time;
and E, after the fracturing simulation experiment is completed, starting an electric heating system to reduce the moisture in the expanding agent, and observing the readings of the pressure gauges in real time.
2. The three-dimensional stress loading method for the large-size true triaxial hydraulic fracturing simulation experiment as claimed in claim 1, wherein: and E, observing the readings of the pressure gauges until the pressure is completely unloaded, and taking out the rock sample.
3. The three-dimensional stress loading method for the large-size true triaxial hydraulic fracturing simulation experiment as claimed in claim 1, wherein: in step B, the rock sample taken is in the size of a 60cm by 60cm cube with a tolerance of + -1 mm.
4. The three-dimensional stress loading method for the large-size true triaxial hydraulic fracturing simulation experiment as claimed in claim 3, wherein: in step C, loading 45MPa in the X direction, 35MPa in the Y direction and 25MPa in the Z direction, respectively adding 30kg of rock expanding agent into the clamp plates in the X direction of the carbon fiber true triaxial pressure container chamber, adding 24kg of rock expanding agent into the clamp plates in the Y direction, and adding 17kg of rock expanding agent into the clamp plates in the Z direction.
5. The three-dimensional stress loading method for the large-size true triaxial hydraulic fracturing simulation experiment as claimed in claim 1, wherein: in step B, the rock sample taken is in the size of a 40cm by 40cm cube with a tolerance of + -1 mm.
6. The three-dimensional stress loading method for the large-size true triaxial hydraulic fracturing simulation experiment as claimed in claim 5, wherein: in step C, the X direction is loaded to 30MPa, the Y direction is loaded to 20MPa, and the Z direction is loaded to 25MPa, and 20kg of rock expanding agent is added to the clamp plate in the X direction, 14kg of rock expanding agent is added to the clamp plate in the Y direction, and 17kg of rock expanding agent is added to the clamp plate in the Z direction, respectively.
7. The three-dimensional stress loading method for the large-size true triaxial hydraulic fracturing simulation experiment as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the material of the pressure vessel used in step B is carbon fiber.
8. The three-dimensional stress loading method for the large-size true triaxial hydraulic fracturing simulation experiment as claimed in claim 1, wherein: and D, adjusting the pressure generated by the reaction with the rock expanding agent by means of the injected water quantity, and adjusting the pressure by means of the cooperation of a water injection system and an electric heating system.
9. The utility model provides a three-dimensional stress loading device of true triaxial hydrofracture simulation experiment of jumbo size which characterized in that: the carbon fiber true triaxial pressure container is characterized by comprising a carbon fiber true triaxial pressure container, and further comprising a pressure sensor and an advection pump, wherein the pressure sensor is arranged inside the carbon fiber true triaxial pressure container, and the advection pump is arranged outside the carbon fiber true triaxial pressure container and is connected with the carbon fiber true triaxial pressure container through a pipeline.
10. The three-dimensional stress loading device for the large-size true triaxial hydraulic fracturing simulation experiment as claimed in claim 9, wherein: the carbon fiber true triaxial pressure container is made of carbon fibers.
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Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN115639083A (en) * | 2022-12-06 | 2023-01-24 | 新疆斐德莱布能源科技有限公司 | True triaxial hydraulic fracturing simulation experiment method and device for mine field level |
| CN116337639A (en) * | 2023-05-24 | 2023-06-27 | 新疆斐德莱布能源科技有限公司 | Multilayer system three-dimensional well pattern fracturing simulation experiment device and method |
| CN116378621A (en) * | 2023-05-29 | 2023-07-04 | 新疆斐德莱布能源科技有限公司 | Full-flow simulation experiment device and method for mine-level fracturing |
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2021
- 2021-09-02 CN CN202111028060.0A patent/CN113790971A/en active Pending
Cited By (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN115639083A (en) * | 2022-12-06 | 2023-01-24 | 新疆斐德莱布能源科技有限公司 | True triaxial hydraulic fracturing simulation experiment method and device for mine field level |
| CN115639083B (en) * | 2022-12-06 | 2023-03-21 | 新疆斐德莱布能源科技有限公司 | True triaxial hydraulic fracturing simulation experiment method and device for mine field level |
| CN116337639A (en) * | 2023-05-24 | 2023-06-27 | 新疆斐德莱布能源科技有限公司 | Multilayer system three-dimensional well pattern fracturing simulation experiment device and method |
| CN116337639B (en) * | 2023-05-24 | 2023-10-24 | 新疆斐德莱布能源科技有限公司 | Multilayer system three-dimensional well pattern fracturing simulation experiment device and method |
| CN116378621A (en) * | 2023-05-29 | 2023-07-04 | 新疆斐德莱布能源科技有限公司 | Full-flow simulation experiment device and method for mine-level fracturing |
| CN116378621B (en) * | 2023-05-29 | 2023-08-25 | 新疆斐德莱布能源科技有限公司 | Full-flow simulation experiment device and method for mine-level fracturing |
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