CN113790883A - Automobile body assembly fastener detection mechanism and detection method thereof - Google Patents
Automobile body assembly fastener detection mechanism and detection method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN113790883A CN113790883A CN202111139512.2A CN202111139512A CN113790883A CN 113790883 A CN113790883 A CN 113790883A CN 202111139512 A CN202111139512 A CN 202111139512A CN 113790883 A CN113790883 A CN 113790883A
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01M—TESTING STATIC OR DYNAMIC BALANCE OF MACHINES OR STRUCTURES; TESTING OF STRUCTURES OR APPARATUS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G01M13/00—Testing of machine parts
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01L—MEASURING FORCE, STRESS, TORQUE, WORK, MECHANICAL POWER, MECHANICAL EFFICIENCY, OR FLUID PRESSURE
- G01L5/00—Apparatus for, or methods of, measuring force, work, mechanical power, or torque, specially adapted for specific purposes
- G01L5/0028—Force sensors associated with force applying means
- G01L5/0038—Force sensors associated with force applying means applying a pushing force
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
- G01N21/84—Systems specially adapted for particular applications
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- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
- Y02T10/10—Internal combustion engine [ICE] based vehicles
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Abstract
The invention provides a detection mechanism for a fastener of an automobile body assembly, which comprises the automobile body assembly, a base, a clamping mechanism, a wrench, a plurality of first proximity detection mechanisms and a plurality of second proximity detection mechanisms, wherein the base is provided with a base seat; the base is fixedly arranged relative to the ground; the clamping mechanism is arranged in the base, and the position of the clamping mechanism relative to the base can be adjusted; the clamping mechanism comprises a plurality of pressing units, and the movable ends of the pressing units extend out and press the vehicle body assembly on the clamping mechanism; the first proximity detection mechanisms are respectively arranged on the pressing units of the clamping mechanism, the second proximity detection mechanisms are fixedly arranged on the base, detection parts are arranged on the second proximity detection mechanisms, the detection parts selectively extend out and abut against the side surfaces of the nuts which are screwed on the grounding studs, certain tangential thrust is applied to the nuts, and whether the nuts are separated from the grounding studs or not is judged.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of automobile body assembly machining equipment, in particular to a mechanism and a method for detecting a fastener of an automobile body assembly.
Background
In the assembly process of the automobile body, a body assembly shown in fig. 1 is used, a plurality of screw rods and grounding studs are preassembled on the body assembly, nuts are preset on the grounding studs, the nuts on the grounding studs need to be screwed and tightened by a wrench manually, the torsion of the nuts is detected, and then the body assembly is sent to the next process for further processing. Because each existing process is manually operated, each grounding stud is distributed at different positions of the vehicle body assembly, and some grounding studs are positioned in the visual field blind area, the phenomenon of omission or improper screwing is easily caused when the nuts are screwed, so that the quality of the vehicle body assembly product is unstable and unreliable, defective products are easily caused to flow out, and the quality and the efficiency of vehicle body processing are influenced.
Therefore, a method is developed for detecting the current state of the vehicle body workpiece, prompting an operator to screw each nut according to the regulations, and ensuring the reliability and stability of the grounding stud assembling process.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above, the present invention provides a fastening member detection mechanism for an automobile body assembly and a detection method thereof, which have high integration level and can detect the position of a ground stud, count whether a nut is screwed, the number of times of screwing the nut, and detect the torque of the screwed nut.
The technical scheme of the invention is realized as follows:
on one hand, the invention provides a detection mechanism for a fastener of an automobile body component, which comprises the automobile body component (1), a base (2), a clamping mechanism (3), a wrench (4), a plurality of first proximity detection mechanisms (5) and a plurality of second proximity detection mechanisms (6);
the vehicle body assembly comprises a top plate (11) and two side plates (12), wherein the two side plates (12) are arranged at the edge of the extending direction of the top plate (11), and the two side plates (12) are arranged at intervals and extend towards the direction far away from the top plate (11); a plurality of screw rods (13) are arranged on the top plate (11) at intervals, one end of each screw rod (13) is fixedly connected with the top plate (11), and the other end of each screw rod (13) extends outwards in the direction far away from the top plate (11); the top plate (11) and the two side plates (12) are respectively provided with a grounding stud (14), one end of the grounding stud (14) is fixedly connected with the top plate (11) or the side plates (12), one end of the grounding stud (14) extends outwards in the direction away from the top plate (11) or the side plates (12), and the grounding stud (14) is provided with a nut (15) to be fastened;
the base (2) is fixedly arranged relative to the ground, the base (2) is hollow, and one side of the base is provided with an opening;
the clamping mechanism (3) is arranged in the base (2), and the position of the clamping mechanism (3) relative to the base (2) can be adjusted; the clamping mechanism (3) comprises a plurality of pressing units (31), and the movable ends of the pressing units (31) extend out and press the vehicle body assembly (1) on the clamping mechanism (3);
the first proximity detection mechanisms (5) are respectively arranged on the pressing units (31) of the clamping mechanism (3), and the detection parts of the first proximity detection mechanisms (5) face to one end, away from the vehicle body assembly (1), of the screw rod (13) or the grounding stud (14); the first approach detection mechanism (5) also detects whether the wrench (4) approaches the ground stud (14);
the second approach detection mechanism (6) is fixedly arranged on the base (2), a detection part is arranged on the second approach detection mechanism (6), the detection part selectively extends out and abuts against the side surface of the nut (15) which is screwed on each grounding stud (14), a certain tangential thrust is applied to the nut (15), and whether the nut (15) is separated from the grounding stud (14) or not is judged;
the clamping mechanism (3) is located at an initial position, the vehicle body assembly (1) is placed on the clamping mechanism (3), the pressing units (31) of the clamping mechanism (3) respectively press different positions of the vehicle body assembly (1), the first approach detection mechanism (5) respectively detects whether the screw rods (13) and the grounding studs (14) are neglected to be installed or not, judges the grounding studs (14) of nuts (15) to be screwed, and confirms the screwing times of the wrench (4); after the nuts (15) are tightened, the clamping mechanism (3) selectively adjusts the posture, so that the detection part of the second approach detection mechanism (6) can sequentially apply thrust opposite to the tightening direction to the side surface of the nut (15) of each grounding stud (14), and whether the connection state of the nut (15) and the grounding stud (14) is reliable is detected.
On the basis of the technical scheme, preferably, the clamping mechanism (3) further comprises a plurality of cushion blocks (32), and the cushion blocks (32) are arranged on the same end face of the clamping mechanism (3) at intervals along the extending direction of the vehicle body assembly (1); the clamping mechanism (3) is also provided with a plurality of through windows (33), each pressing unit (31) is arranged on the end surfaces of the clamping mechanism (3) at two sides of the extending direction of each cushion block (32) at intervals or embedded in the window (33) of the clamping mechanism (3), and the movable end of each pressing unit (31) selectively extends out and abuts against the end surface of the top plate (11) of the vehicle body assembly (1) far away from the end surface of the clamping mechanism (3) provided with the window (33) or the end surfaces of the two side plates (12) which are not adjacent; the first approach detection mechanism (5) is arranged on the movable end of different pressing units (31), and a detection part of the first approach detection mechanism (5) is arranged at intervals with the ground stud (14) or the screw (13).
Preferably, a hollow sleeve (41) is arranged at one end of the wrench (4), the inner surface of the sleeve (41) is matched with the contour of the nut (15), and the distance between the detection part of the first approach detection mechanism (5) and the ground stud (14) is larger than the wall thickness of the sleeve.
Preferably, the clamping mechanism (3) further comprises a turning unit (34), two ends of the turning unit (34) in the extending direction are hinged to the base (2), the movable end of the turning unit (34) is hinged to the clamping mechanism (3), and two ends of the clamping mechanism (3) in the extending direction are hinged to the base (2); the overturning unit (34) drives the clamping mechanism (3) to rotate for a certain angle relative to the base (2) and maintains the current posture.
Still further preferably, the second proximity detection mechanism (6) includes a first axial movement unit (61), a second axial movement unit (62), a third axial movement unit (63), and a push rod (64); the first axial movement unit (61) is fixedly arranged on the base (2) and has the same extending direction as the clamping mechanism (3), the first axial movement unit (61) is provided with a first movable part, and the first movable part can move relative to the extending direction of the first axial movement unit (61); the second axial movement unit (62) is fixedly arranged on the first movable part, the second axial movement unit (62) extends along the vertical direction, the second axial movement unit (62) is provided with a second movable part, and the second movable part can move relative to the extending direction of the second axial movement unit (62); a third axial movement unit (63) is arranged on the second movable part, the third axial movement unit (63) extends towards the opening direction of the base (2) along the horizontal direction, the third axial movement unit (63) is provided with a third movable part, the third movable part can move relative to the extending direction of the third axial movement unit (63), and a push rod (64) is fixedly arranged on the third movable part; the detection unit of the second proximity detection mechanism (6) includes a push rod (64).
Still further preferably, the edge position of the end part of the push rod (64) close to the opening direction of the base (2) is provided with a wedge-shaped notch (65), the wedge-shaped notch (65) deviates from the center of the nut (15), the end surface of the wedge-shaped notch (65) selectively abuts against the surface at the edge of each nut (15), and a fixed thrust opposite to the screwing direction is applied to the surface of each nut (15).
Further preferably, the device further comprises a pressure sensor (7), a buzzer (8) and a controller (9), wherein the pressure sensor (7) is arranged at one end, away from the base (2), of the push rod (64) and provided with the window (33); the buzzer (8) is arranged on a handle of the wrench (4), a detection part of each first approach detection mechanism (5) or a push rod (64); the pressure sensor (7), the buzzer (8), the first axial motion unit (61), the second axial motion unit (62), the third axial motion unit (63) and the detection parts of the first proximity detection mechanisms (5) are electrically connected with the controller (9); the pressure sensor (7) detects a pressure signal when the push rod (64) abuts against the surface of the nut (15); the buzzer (8) can give out a prompt when the pressure signal of the wrench (4) approaching the grounding stud (14) or the pressure sensor (7) changes suddenly.
Further preferably, when the length of the extending of the movable end of the overturning unit (34) is minimum, the clamping mechanism (3) is in a horizontal state; when the extending length of the movable end of the overturning unit (34) is maximum, the clamping mechanism (3) rotates 90 degrees anticlockwise relative to the base (2).
On the other hand, the invention also provides a detection method of the automobile body component fastener, which specifically comprises the following steps:
s1: configuring the automotive body assembly fastener detection mechanism as described above;
s2: an operator places a vehicle body assembly (1) to be processed on the clamping mechanism (3) to enable the surfaces of the top plate (11) and the two side plates (12) to be abutted against the cushion block (32); the movable ends of the pressing units (31) respectively press the surfaces of different positions of the automobile body component (1) and clamp the component;
s3: the detection part of the first approach detection mechanism (5) on the movable end of each pressing unit (31) respectively detects whether each preset screw (13), a grounding stud (14) and a nut (15) thereof are missing, and if so, the subsequent operation cannot be carried out; if not, further executing step S4;
s4: an operator holds the wrench (4) by hand and respectively screws the nuts (15) on the grounding studs (14) by hand, and when the wrench (4) approaches the grounding studs (14), the buzzer (8) gives out prompt tones and counts to prompt the operator of the number of times of screwing; after all the nuts (15) are screwed down, the second approach detection mechanism (6) acts to execute step S5; if one or more nuts (15) are not screwed or are not screwed for enough times, the second approach detection mechanism (6) does not act until all the nuts (15) are screwed for enough times, and the step S5 is executed again;
s5: the overturning unit (34) adjusts the posture of the clamping mechanism (3) to enable the central shafts of the nuts (15) of the ground studs (14) to be in a vertical state in sequence, then the second approach detection mechanism (6) acts, the first axial movement unit (61), the second axial movement unit (62) or the third axial movement unit (63) moves and drives the push rod (64) to stretch out and abut against the surface at the edge of each nut (15), fixed tangential thrust is applied, the thrust is opposite to the screwing direction of the nuts (15), if the stress state of the pressure sensor (7) at the push rod (64) is unchanged, the nuts (15) on the ground studs (14) are reliably locked, and the strength is qualified; if the stress state of the pressure sensor (7) at the push rod (64) changes, the nut (15) and the grounding stud (14) are loosened under the pushing force, and the buzzer (8) sends out alarm information to prompt an operator to tighten the nut (15) again or to check further;
s6: and judging the automobile body assembly (1) with the screw rods (13), the grounding stud (14) and the nuts (15) thereof not missing and the fastening strength of the nuts (15) qualified as a qualified product, returning the clamping mechanism (3), the first proximity detection mechanisms (5) and the second proximity detection mechanisms (6) to the initial posture, taking down the automobile body assembly (1), executing subsequent operation, then placing another automobile body assembly on the clamping mechanism (3), and repeatedly executing the steps S2-S6.
Compared with the prior art, the detection mechanism and the detection method for the fastener of the automobile body assembly provided by the invention have the following beneficial effects:
(1) according to the invention, through reasonable design, the functions of bolt pre-assembly condition detection, nut tightening action detection and bolt strength detection of the automobile body assembly are organically and sequentially combined, so that a good fool-proof effect can be achieved, the situation that bolts, grounding studs or nuts are not installed due to a visual field blind area is prevented, whether the nut tightening state is reliable or not is effectively detected, a three-in-one function is realized, the floor area of equipment is saved, and the processing and detection efficiency is improved;
(2) the cushion blocks and the pressing units of the clamping mechanism can tightly abut against the inner surface and the outer surface of the vehicle body assembly, so that the cushion blocks are tightly attached to the cushion blocks and the relative positions of the cushion blocks and the clamping mechanism are kept unchanged, and the subsequent clamping mechanism can conveniently detect the torsion of the bolt after rotating;
(3) the turnover mechanism can reliably turn the clamping mechanism by 0-90 degrees, and is convenient for driving the nut to adjust the posture so that the push rod of the second approach detection mechanism can be abutted against the surface of the nut;
(4) the second proximity detection mechanism can realize three-axis independent movement, accurately approach nuts at three different positions and respectively detect torsion;
(5) after the bolt on-site detection, the nut screwing frequency detection and the torque force detection are completed, the process is determined to be qualified and the next step is carried out, the whole machining process is reliable and strict, and the machining quality of the vehicle body assembly can be stabilized.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below, it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and for those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained according to the drawings without creative efforts.
FIG. 1 is a perspective view of a vehicle body assembly of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a perspective view of the apparatus as a whole for an automobile body assembly fastener inspection mechanism and method of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a perspective view of the vehicle body assembly, clamping mechanism, wrench, first proximity detection mechanism and second proximity detection mechanism with the base removed, in combination, illustrating the vehicle body assembly fastener detection mechanism and method of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a perspective view of the combination of the clamping mechanism, the wrench, each of the first proximity detection mechanism and the second proximity detection mechanism after the base and the body component are removed according to the detection mechanism and the detection method for the vehicle body component fastener of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a top view of FIG. 4;
FIG. 6 is a front view of FIG. 4;
FIG. 7 is a right side view of FIG. 4;
FIG. 8 is a perspective view of the clamping mechanism, wrench and first proximity detection mechanisms of the present invention for detecting a fastener in an automotive body assembly;
fig. 9 is a perspective view of a second approach detecting mechanism of the fastener detecting mechanism of the vehicle body assembly and the detecting method thereof according to the present invention.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be obtained by a person skilled in the art without any inventive step based on the embodiments of the present invention, are within the scope of the present invention.
Referring to FIG. 1, a three-dimensional structure of a vehicle body component in different positions is shown. As can be seen from the figure, the vehicle body component 1 comprises a top plate 11 and two side plates 12, wherein the two side plates 12 are arranged on the edge of the extending direction of the top plate 11, and the two side plates 12 are arranged at intervals and extend towards the direction far away from the top plate 11; a plurality of screw rods 13 are arranged on the top plate 12 at intervals, one end of each screw rod 13 is fixedly connected with the top plate 11, and the other end of each screw rod 13 extends outwards in the direction far away from the top plate 11; the top plate 12 and the two side plates 12 are respectively provided with a ground stud 14, one end of the ground stud 14 is fixedly connected with the top plate 11 or the side plates 12, one end of the ground stud 14 extends outwards in a direction away from the top plate 11 or the side plates 12, and the ground stud 14 is provided with a nut 15 to be fastened. In the preceding step, the respective screws 13, the ground studs 14, and the nuts 15 are provided on the vehicle body assembly 1. And then, three independent steps of appearance detection of each screw 13, each grounding stud 14 and each nut 15, tightening of each nut 15 and torsion detection of each nut 15 are required, and as the vehicle body assembly 1 is a three-dimensional product, the grounding studs 14 and the nuts 15 are distributed on different surfaces, a blind field exists in the vehicle body assembly 1 during machining, and detection leakage or machining leakage can occur. In order to solve this problem, it is necessary to design a dedicated detection mechanism capable of detecting the current state of the vehicle body workpiece, in order to achieve consistency and reliability of processing and detection.
To solve the above problems, as shown in fig. 2 to 9, in one aspect, the present invention provides a detection mechanism for a fastener of an automobile body assembly, which includes a base 2, a clamping mechanism 3, a wrench 4, a plurality of first proximity detection mechanisms 5 and second proximity detection mechanisms 6.
The base 2 is fixedly arranged relative to the ground, the interior of the base 2 is hollow, and one side of the base is provided with an opening; the base 2 is a foundation for setting and installing the vehicle body assembly 1, the clamping mechanism 3, the wrench 4, the first proximity detection mechanisms 5 and the second proximity detection mechanisms 6.
The clamping mechanism 3 is arranged in the base 2, and the position of the clamping mechanism 3 relative to the base 2 can be adjusted; the clamping mechanism 3 comprises a plurality of pressing units 31, and the movable ends of the pressing units 31 extend out and press the vehicle body assembly 1 on the clamping mechanism 3; the clamping mechanism 3 is used for abutting against and clamping each surface of the vehicle body assembly 1, so that the vehicle body assembly cannot shake in subsequent processing and detection. Since the respective ground studs 14 and nuts 15 are located on different surfaces of the vehicle body component 1, the clamping mechanism 3 is provided in an adjustable manner in order to adjust the attitude of the nut 15 relative to the second proximity detection mechanism 6.
The plurality of first proximity detection mechanisms 5 are respectively arranged on the pressing units 31 of the clamping mechanism 3, and the detection part of each first proximity detection mechanism 5 faces to one end of the screw 13 or the ground stud 14 away from the vehicle body assembly 1; the first proximity detection mechanism 5 also detects whether the wrench 4 is approaching the ground stud 14; the first approach detection mechanism 5 moves along with the movable end of the pressing unit 31, detects the states of the screws 13 and the primary nuts 15 of the ground stud 14, and judges whether the phenomenon of neglected loading exists. Thereby alerting the operator to rework or checkup.
The second approach detection mechanism 6 is fixedly arranged on the base 2, a detection part is arranged on the second approach detection mechanism 6, the detection part selectively extends out and abuts against the side surface of the nut 15 which is screwed on each grounding stud 14, a certain tangential thrust is applied to the nut 15, and whether the nut 15 is separated from the grounding stud 14 or not is judged. After the states of the screw rods 13 and the ground studs 14 are qualified, an operator manually adopts a wrench to screw the nuts 15 on the ground studs 14; after tightening, the second approach detection means 6 applies a thrust in the direction to detect whether or not the fastening state of the nut 15 can be loosened, and thereby determine whether or not the fastening state is reliable.
When the invention is used: the clamping mechanism 3 is located at an initial position, the vehicle body assembly 1 is placed on the clamping mechanism 3, the pressing units 31 of the clamping mechanism 3 respectively press different positions of the vehicle body assembly 1, the first approach detection mechanism 5 respectively detects whether the screw rods 13 and the grounding studs 14 are neglected to be installed or not, judges the grounding studs 14 of the nuts 15 to be screwed, and confirms the screwing times of the wrench 4; after the nut 15 is tightened, the clamping mechanism 3 selectively adjusts the posture so that the detection unit of the second approach detection mechanism 6 can sequentially apply a thrust force opposite to the tightening direction to the side surface of the nut 15 of each of the ground studs 14, thereby detecting whether the connection state between the nut 15 and the ground stud 14 is reliable.
As shown in fig. 4-8, the clamping mechanism 3 further comprises a plurality of cushion blocks 32, each cushion block 32 is arranged on the same end surface of the clamping mechanism 3 at intervals along the extending direction of the vehicle body assembly 1, and the shape of the cushion block 32 is matched with the shape of the vehicle body assembly 1 between the two side plates; the clamping mechanism 3 is further provided with a plurality of through windows 33, the pressing units 31 are arranged on the end faces of the clamping mechanism 3 on two sides of the extending direction of the cushion blocks 32 at intervals or embedded in the windows 33 of the clamping mechanism 3, the movable ends of the pressing units 31 positioned in the windows 33 selectively extend out and abut against the end face, away from the end face of the clamping mechanism 3, of the top plate 11 of the vehicle body assembly 1, provided with the windows 33, and the rest of the pressing units 31 are positioned on the outer sides of the two side plates and press different positions of the end faces, which are not adjacent to the two side plates 12. The first proximity detection mechanism 5 is provided at the movable end of the different pressing unit 31, and the detection portion of the first proximity detection mechanism 5 is provided at a distance from the ground stud 14 or the screw 13. As shown in fig. 4 and 8, the first proximity detection means 5 is divided into 5-1 and 5-2, and is used to distinguish the first proximity detection means for detecting the position of the screw 13 from the first proximity detection means for detecting the positions of the ground stud 14 and the nut 15. Only after each first approach detection mechanism 5 detects normally, can carry out subsequent nut tightening process. The first proximity detection mechanism 5 may be implemented by a proximity sensor or a distance sensor or the like.
One end of the wrench 4 is provided with a hollow sleeve 41, the inner surface of the sleeve 41 is matched with the contour of the nut 15, and the distance between the detection part of the first approach detection mechanism 5 and the ground stud 14 is larger than the wall thickness of the sleeve. The nuts 15 to be fastened each correspond to a working position to be screwed, which can be inserted into the sleeve 41; the movable end of each pressing unit 31 is arranged with a gap from the working position to be screwed, so as to provide a rotating space for the wrench 4.
In order to adjust the posture of the clamping mechanism 3 conveniently, the clamping mechanism 3 further comprises a turning unit 34, two ends of the turning unit 34 in the extending direction are hinged with the base 2, the movable end of the turning unit 34 is hinged with the clamping mechanism 3, and two ends of the clamping mechanism 3 in the extending direction are hinged with the base 2; the reversing unit 34 drives the chucking mechanism 3 to rotate by a certain angle with respect to the base 2 and maintains the current posture. Specifically, when the extension length of the movable end of the turning unit 34 is the minimum, the clamping mechanism 3 is in a horizontal state; when the movable end of the reversing unit 34 is extended by the maximum length, the clamping mechanism 3 is rotated counterclockwise by 90 ° with respect to the base 2.
In order to perform the torque detection of each nut 15, it is necessary to provide the second proximity detection mechanism 6 with a large range of movement capability. As shown in fig. 3 and 9, the second proximity detecting mechanism 6 includes a first axial moving unit 61, a second axial moving unit 62, a third axial moving unit 63, and a push rod 64; the first axial motion unit 61 is fixedly arranged on the base 2 and has the same extending direction as the clamping mechanism 3, and the first axial motion unit 61 is provided with a first movable part which can move relative to the extending direction of the first axial motion unit 61; the second axial movement unit 62 is fixedly provided on the first movable portion, the second axial movement unit 62 extends in the vertical direction, the second axial movement unit 62 has a second movable portion that is movable relative to the extending direction of the second axial movement unit 62; the second movable part is provided with a third axial moving unit 63, the third axial moving unit 63 extends along the horizontal direction towards the opening direction of the base 2, the third axial moving unit 63 is provided with a third movable part, the third movable part can move relative to the extending direction of the third axial moving unit 63, and a push rod 64 is fixedly arranged on the third movable part; the detection unit of the second proximity detection mechanism 6 includes a push rod 64. The second approach detection mechanism 6 is a three-axis moving mechanism, and can realize accurate movement in three axial directions in a large range. The first, second and third movable portions may be driven by a servo mechanism with high precision to drive the push rod 64 towards the surface of the nut 15.
In order to better fit the shape of the nut 15 and apply the pushing force, the edge of the end of the push rod 64 close to the opening direction of the base 2 is provided with a wedge-shaped notch 65, the wedge-shaped notch 65 is deviated from the center of the nut 15, the end surface of the wedge-shaped notch 65 selectively abuts against the surface at the edge of each nut 15, and a fixed pushing force opposite to the screwing direction is applied to the surface of the nut 15. The wedge-shaped notch 65 facilitates the push rod 64 to transmit tangential thrust to the surface edge of the nut 15, which thrust can be preset to a fixed value, and if the nut 15 cannot rotate, the fastening connection of the nut and the ground stud 14 is reliable; otherwise, it is unreliable.
As shown in fig. 9 in conjunction with fig. 2 and 4, in order to better prompt an operator not to omit the screwing operation of the nut 15, the invention further comprises a pressure sensor 7, a buzzer 8 and a controller 9, wherein the pressure sensor 7 is arranged at one end of the push rod 64, which is far away from the base 2 and is provided with the window 33; the buzzer 8 is arranged on the handle of the wrench 4, the detection part of each first approach detection mechanism 5 or the push rod 64; the pressure sensor 7, the buzzer 8, the first axial movement unit 61, the second axial movement unit 62, the third axial movement unit 63 and the detection parts of the first approach detection mechanisms 5 are all electrically connected with the controller 9; the pressure sensor 7 detects a pressure signal when the push rod 64 abuts against the surface of the nut 15; the buzzer 8 can be prompted each time the wrench 4 approaches the grounding stud 14 or the pressure signal of the pressure sensor 7 changes suddenly. Tightening of the nut 15 by the wrench 4 near the ground stud 14 may be performed as a count, and a threshold number of tightening may be set, after which it may be determined that the nut 15 has been tightened. The pressure of the push rod 64 changes suddenly to indicate that the nut 15 is loosened, and the corresponding pressure sensor 7 outputs a pressure change signal to indicate that the fastening state of the nut 15 is unreliable, so that an intelligent prompt function is realized. The pressure sensor 7 may be a strain gauge type pressure sensor, and is compressed by a reaction force of the thrust of the push rod 64, and acquires a change of the thrust.
On the other hand, the invention also provides a method for detecting the fastener of the automobile body component by using the detection mechanism of the fastener of the automobile body component, which specifically comprises the following steps:
s1: configuring the automotive body assembly fastener detection mechanism as described above;
s2: an operator places the vehicle body assembly 1 to be processed on the clamping mechanism 3, and the surfaces of the top plate 11 and the two side plates 12 are abutted against the cushion blocks 32; the movable ends of the pressing units 31 respectively press the surfaces of the automobile body component 1 at different positions and clamp the component;
s3: the detection part of the first approach detection mechanism 5 on the movable end of each pressing unit 31 respectively detects whether each preset screw 13, the ground stud 14 and the nut 15 thereof are missing, and if so, the subsequent operation cannot be carried out; if not, further executing step S4;
s4: an operator holds the wrench 4 by hand and respectively screws the nuts 15 on the grounding studs 14 by hand, and when the wrench 4 approaches the grounding studs 14, the buzzer 8 gives out prompt tones and counts to prompt the operator of the number of times of screwing; after the nuts 15 are all tightened, the second approach detection mechanism 6 operates to execute step S5; if one or more nuts 15 are not screwed or are not screwed for a sufficient number of times, the second approach detection mechanism 6 does not act until all the nuts 15 are screwed for a sufficient number of times, and step S5 is executed again;
s5: the overturning unit 34 adjusts the posture of the clamping mechanism 3, so that the central axes of the nuts 15 on the ground studs 14 are sequentially in a vertical state, then the second approach detection mechanism 6 acts, the first axial movement unit 61, the second axial movement unit 62 or the third axial movement unit 63 moves and drives the push rod 64 to extend out and abut against the surface at the edge of each nut 15, a fixed tangential thrust is applied, the thrust is opposite to the screwing direction of the nuts 15, if the stress state of the pressure sensor 7 at the push rod 64 is unchanged, the nuts 15 on the ground studs 14 on the surface are reliably locked, and the strength is qualified; if the stress state of the pressure sensor 7 at the push rod 64 changes, which indicates that the nut 15 and the grounding stud 14 are loosened under the pushing force, the buzzer 8 sends out alarm information to prompt an operator to tighten the nut 15 again or to check further;
s6: the automobile body assembly 1 in which the screw rods 13, the ground stud 14 and the nuts 15 thereof are not missing and the fastening strength of the nuts 15 is qualified is judged as a qualified product, the clamping mechanism 3, the plurality of first proximity detection mechanisms 5 and the plurality of second proximity detection mechanisms 6 are returned to the initial posture, the automobile body assembly 1 is taken down and the subsequent operation is performed, then another automobile body assembly is placed on the clamping mechanism 3, and the steps S2 to S6 are repeatedly performed.
The steps are executed, so that the bad phenomenon in the machining of the vehicle body assembly 1 can be effectively improved, and the consistency and the reliability of production are improved.
The above description is only for the purpose of illustrating the preferred embodiments of the present invention and is not to be construed as limiting the invention, and any modifications, equivalents, improvements and the like that fall within the spirit and principle of the present invention are intended to be included therein.
Claims (9)
1. A detection mechanism for a fastener of an automobile body assembly comprises the automobile body assembly (1), wherein the automobile body assembly comprises a top plate (11) and two side plates (12), the two side plates (12) are arranged at the edge of the extending direction of the top plate (11), and the two side plates (12) are arranged at intervals and extend towards the direction far away from the top plate (11); a plurality of screw rods (13) are arranged on the top plate (11) at intervals, one end of each screw rod (13) is fixedly connected with the top plate (11), and the other end of each screw rod (13) extends outwards in the direction far away from the top plate (11); the top plate (11) and the two side plates (12) are respectively provided with a grounding stud (14), one end of the grounding stud (14) is fixedly connected with the top plate (11) or the side plates (12), one end of the grounding stud (14) extends outwards in the direction away from the top plate (11) or the side plates (12), and the grounding stud (14) is provided with a nut (15) to be fastened; the method is characterized in that: also comprises
The base (2) is fixedly arranged relative to the ground, the base (2) is hollow, and one side of the base is provided with an opening;
the clamping mechanism (3) is arranged in the base (2), and the position of the clamping mechanism (3) relative to the base (2) can be adjusted; the clamping mechanism (3) comprises a plurality of pressing units (31), and the movable ends of the pressing units (31) extend out and press the vehicle body assembly (1) on the clamping mechanism (3);
the first proximity detection mechanisms (5) are respectively arranged on the pressing units (31) of the clamping mechanism (3), and the detection parts of the first proximity detection mechanisms (5) face to one end, away from the vehicle body assembly (1), of the screw rod (13) or the grounding stud (14); the first approach detection mechanism (5) also detects whether the wrench (4) approaches the ground stud (14);
the second approach detection mechanism (6) is fixedly arranged on the base (2), a detection part is arranged on the second approach detection mechanism (6), the detection part selectively extends out and abuts against the side surface of the nut (15) which is screwed on each grounding stud (14), a certain tangential thrust is applied to the nut (15), and whether the nut (15) is separated from the grounding stud (14) or not is judged;
the clamping mechanism (3) is located at an initial position, the vehicle body assembly (1) is placed on the clamping mechanism (3), the pressing units (31) of the clamping mechanism (3) respectively press different positions of the vehicle body assembly (1), the first approach detection mechanism (5) respectively detects whether the screw rods (13) and the grounding studs (14) are neglected to be installed or not, judges the grounding studs (14) of nuts (15) to be screwed, and confirms the screwing times of the wrench (4); after the nuts (15) are tightened, the clamping mechanism (3) selectively adjusts the posture, so that the detection part of the second approach detection mechanism (6) can sequentially apply thrust opposite to the tightening direction to the side surface of the nut (15) of each grounding stud (14), and whether the connection state of the nut (15) and the grounding stud (14) is reliable is detected.
2. The automotive body assembly fastener detection mechanism of claim 1, wherein: the clamping mechanism (3) further comprises a plurality of cushion blocks (32), and the cushion blocks (32) are arranged on the same end face of the clamping mechanism (3) at intervals along the extending direction of the vehicle body assembly (1); the clamping mechanism (3) is also provided with a plurality of through windows (33), each pressing unit (31) is arranged on the end surfaces of the clamping mechanism (3) at two sides of the extending direction of each cushion block (32) at intervals or embedded in the window (33) of the clamping mechanism (3), and the movable end of each pressing unit (31) selectively extends out and abuts against the end surface of the top plate (11) of the vehicle body assembly (1) far away from the end surface of the clamping mechanism (3) provided with the window (33) or the end surfaces of the two side plates (12) which are not adjacent; the first approach detection mechanism (5) is arranged on the movable end of different pressing units (31), and a detection part of the first approach detection mechanism (5) is arranged at intervals with the ground stud (14) or the screw (13).
3. The automotive body assembly fastener detection mechanism of claim 2, wherein: one end of the wrench (4) is provided with a hollow sleeve (41), the inner surface of the sleeve (41) is matched with the contour of the nut (15), and the distance between the detection part of the first approach detection mechanism (5) and the ground stud (14) is larger than the wall thickness of the sleeve.
4. The automotive body assembly fastener detection mechanism of claim 2, wherein: the clamping mechanism (3) further comprises a turning unit (34), two ends of the turning unit (34) in the extending direction are hinged with the base (2), the movable end of the turning unit (34) is hinged with the clamping mechanism (3), and two ends of the clamping mechanism (3) in the extending direction are hinged with the base (2); the overturning unit (34) drives the clamping mechanism (3) to rotate for a certain angle relative to the base (2) and maintains the current posture.
5. The automotive body assembly fastener detection mechanism of claim 4, wherein: the second approach detection mechanism (6) comprises a first axial movement unit (61), a second axial movement unit (62), a third axial movement unit (63) and a push rod (64); the first axial movement unit (61) is fixedly arranged on the base (2) and has the same extending direction as the clamping mechanism (3), the first axial movement unit (61) is provided with a first movable part, and the first movable part can move relative to the extending direction of the first axial movement unit (61); the second axial movement unit (62) is fixedly arranged on the first movable part, the second axial movement unit (62) extends along the vertical direction, the second axial movement unit (62) is provided with a second movable part, and the second movable part can move relative to the extending direction of the second axial movement unit (62); a third axial movement unit (63) is arranged on the second movable part, the third axial movement unit (63) extends towards the opening direction of the base (2) along the horizontal direction, the third axial movement unit (63) is provided with a third movable part, the third movable part can move relative to the extending direction of the third axial movement unit (63), and a push rod (64) is fixedly arranged on the third movable part; the detection unit of the second proximity detection mechanism (6) includes a push rod (64).
6. The automotive body assembly fastener detection mechanism of claim 5, wherein: the edge position of the end part of the push rod (64) close to the opening direction of the base (2) is provided with a wedge-shaped notch (65), the wedge-shaped notch (65) deviates from the center of the nut (15), the end face of the wedge-shaped notch (65) selectively props against the surface of the edge of each nut (15), and fixed thrust opposite to the screwing direction is applied to the surface of each nut (15).
7. The automotive body assembly fastener detection mechanism of claim 6, wherein: the device also comprises a pressure sensor (7), a buzzer (8) and a controller (9), wherein the pressure sensor (7) is arranged at one end of the push rod (64) far away from the base (2) and provided with the window (33); the buzzer (8) is arranged on a handle of the wrench (4), a detection part of each first approach detection mechanism (5) or a push rod (64); the pressure sensor (7), the buzzer (8), the first axial motion unit (61), the second axial motion unit (62), the third axial motion unit (63) and the detection parts of the first proximity detection mechanisms (5) are electrically connected with the controller (9); the pressure sensor (7) detects a pressure signal when the push rod (64) abuts against the surface of the nut (15); the buzzer (8) can give out a prompt when the pressure signal of the wrench (4) approaching the grounding stud (14) or the pressure sensor (7) changes suddenly.
8. The automotive body assembly fastener detection mechanism of claim 4, wherein: when the extension length of the movable end of the overturning unit (34) is minimum, the clamping mechanism (3) is in a horizontal state; when the extending length of the movable end of the overturning unit (34) is maximum, the clamping mechanism (3) rotates 90 degrees anticlockwise relative to the base (2).
9. A detection method of a fastener of an automobile body component is characterized by comprising the following steps: the method comprises the following steps:
s1: configuring the automotive body assembly fastener detection mechanism of any one of claims 1-8;
s2: an operator places a vehicle body assembly (1) to be processed on the clamping mechanism (3) to enable the surfaces of the top plate (11) and the two side plates (12) to be abutted against the cushion block (32); the movable ends of the pressing units (31) respectively press the surfaces of different positions of the automobile body component (1) and clamp the component;
s3: the detection part of the first approach detection mechanism (5) on the movable end of each pressing unit (31) respectively detects whether each preset screw (13), a grounding stud (14) and a nut (15) thereof are missing, and if so, the subsequent operation cannot be carried out; if not, further executing step S4;
s4: an operator holds the wrench (4) by hand and respectively screws the nuts (15) on the grounding studs (14) by hand, and when the wrench (4) approaches the grounding studs (14), the buzzer (8) gives out prompt tones and counts to prompt the operator of the number of times of screwing; after all the nuts (15) are screwed down, the second approach detection mechanism (6) acts to execute step S5; if one or more nuts (15) are not screwed or are not screwed for enough times, the second approach detection mechanism (6) does not act until all the nuts (15) are screwed for enough times, and the step S5 is executed again;
s5: the overturning unit (34) adjusts the posture of the clamping mechanism (3) to enable the central shafts of the nuts (15) of the ground studs (14) to be in a vertical state in sequence, then the second approach detection mechanism (6) acts, the first axial movement unit (61), the second axial movement unit (62) or the third axial movement unit (63) moves and drives the push rod (64) to stretch out and abut against the surface at the edge of each nut (15), fixed tangential thrust is applied, the thrust is opposite to the screwing direction of the nuts (15), if the stress state of the pressure sensor (7) at the push rod (64) is unchanged, the nuts (15) on the ground studs (14) are reliably locked, and the strength is qualified; if the stress state of the pressure sensor (7) at the push rod (64) changes, the nut (15) and the grounding stud (14) are loosened under the pushing force, and the buzzer (8) sends out alarm information to prompt an operator to tighten the nut (15) again or to check further;
s6: and judging the automobile body assembly (1) with the screw rods (13), the grounding stud (14) and the nuts (15) thereof not missing and the fastening strength of the nuts (15) qualified as a qualified product, returning the clamping mechanism (3), the first proximity detection mechanisms (5) and the second proximity detection mechanisms (6) to the initial posture, taking down the automobile body assembly (1), executing subsequent operation, then placing another automobile body assembly on the clamping mechanism (3), and repeatedly executing the steps S2-S6.
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