CN113788648A - Shaped phase-change material for building and application thereof - Google Patents
Shaped phase-change material for building and application thereof Download PDFInfo
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- 239000012782 phase change material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 138
- LQZZUXJYWNFBMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N dodecan-1-ol Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCO LQZZUXJYWNFBMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 45
- 239000010440 gypsum Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 37
- 229910052602 gypsum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 37
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical class O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 35
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 33
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 33
- 238000007493 shaping process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 30
- 239000002105 nanoparticle Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 239000008117 stearic acid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 235000021355 Stearic acid Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- QIQXTHQIDYTFRH-UHFFFAOYSA-N octadecanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O QIQXTHQIDYTFRH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- OQCDKBAXFALNLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N octadecanoic acid Natural products CCCCCCCC(C)CCCCCCCCC(O)=O OQCDKBAXFALNLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 239000004567 concrete Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 239000004576 sand Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 238000005457 optimization Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 239000011083 cement mortar Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 239000004568 cement Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 claims description 40
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 claims description 15
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- 239000010451 perlite Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 235000019362 perlite Nutrition 0.000 claims description 11
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 7
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052593 corundum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000007602 hot air drying Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910001845 yogo sapphire Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000008187 granular material Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 229910052573 porcelain Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 19
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 15
- 238000005338 heat storage Methods 0.000 description 10
- 239000004570 mortar (masonry) Substances 0.000 description 10
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 description 10
- 239000000523 sample Substances 0.000 description 9
- 239000004566 building material Substances 0.000 description 8
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 7
- 239000011259 mixed solution Substances 0.000 description 7
- 238000001179 sorption measurement Methods 0.000 description 7
- 238000000113 differential scanning calorimetry Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000002076 thermal analysis method Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 4
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- 239000002956 ash Substances 0.000 description 3
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- 238000005538 encapsulation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000004134 energy conservation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000008367 deionised water Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910021641 deionized water Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 2
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- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 1
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- 238000005265 energy consumption Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004146 energy storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000005286 illumination Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000155 melt Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011812 mixed powder Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005381 potential energy Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004321 preservation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004781 supercooling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010455 vermiculite Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052902 vermiculite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000019354 vermiculite Nutrition 0.000 description 1
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B28/00—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K5/00—Heat-transfer, heat-exchange or heat-storage materials, e.g. refrigerants; Materials for the production of heat or cold by chemical reactions other than by combustion
- C09K5/02—Materials undergoing a change of physical state when used
- C09K5/06—Materials undergoing a change of physical state when used the change of state being from liquid to solid or vice versa
- C09K5/063—Materials absorbing or liberating heat during crystallisation; Heat storage materials
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
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Abstract
The invention discloses a shaping phase-change material for buildings, which is characterized in that: the shaping phase-change material for the building is prepared by adsorbing a binary phase-change material in a pretreated porous material according to an optimal mass ratio, the binary phase-change material is prepared by mixing and heating dodecanol and stearic acid according to a preset mass ratio, adding nanoparticles for heat conductivity optimization, and the binary phase-change material has a phase-change temperature of 21.3 ℃, a phase-change latent heat of 205.9kJ/kg and a heat conductivity coefficient of 0.28W/(m.K); the invention also discloses the application of the shaping phase-change material for the building, wherein the porous material adopts modified diatomite, and the shaping phase-change material for the building is mixed with gypsum powder by 30 percent of the total mass to prepare composite phase-change gypsum; the porous material adopts ceramsite, the shaping phase-change material for the building is mixed with cement mortar by 15% of the total mass to prepare the composite phase-change concrete, and the cement mortar is a mixture of sand slurry with the mass ratio of water to ash of 3:5, the mass ratio of cement to sand of 1:2 and the concentration of 0.4%.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of phase-change material preparation, in particular to a shaping phase-change material for buildings and application thereof.
Background
The phase-change material can realize the storage and release of energy in the phase-change process, and is widely applied to the fields of building energy conservation, aerospace, energy and power and the like. At present, scholars at home and abroad carry out more mature research on phase change materials which can be mixed into building envelope structures. However, the phase-change material often has a leakage problem when actually combined with building materials, so that the energy-saving efficiency of the energy-saving building is gradually reduced, and the application of the phase-change material is limited to a great extent. It needs to be reliably packaged. The main methods adopted at present are macro-encapsulation, micro-encapsulation, porous material adsorption encapsulation and the like. The porous adsorption material is used as an adsorption carrier of the phase-change material, so that a large amount of phase-change material can be effectively and reliably stored, and the phase-change heat exchange efficiency is improved. Meanwhile, the manufacturing process is simple, and the economic efficiency is good. The porous adsorption materials commonly used for preparing phase-change building materials at present comprise: expanded perlite, ceramsite, diatomite, expanded vermiculite, expanded graphite and the like.
However, in addition to the leakage defect, the phase change material has the problems of low latent heat of phase change, low thermal stability, supercooling, low thermal conductivity, and the like. The thermal conductivity is an important parameter of the phase change material, and generally, in the application of energy-saving buildings, the effective solar illumination time in autumn and winter is short, the heat storage time of the phase change material can be shortened by improving the thermal conductivity of the phase change material, and meanwhile, the internal temperature of the building can be rapidly adjusted in the heat release process, and the space comfort level is maintained. In order to solve the problems, the advantages and disadvantages of the phase-change material, the safety, stability, economy and the like of the material are considered, and the invention needs to invent a low-cost shaping phase-change material for buildings, which has the advantages of simple process, stable performance, larger heat conductivity coefficient, higher phase-change latent heat value and phase-change temperature in the application field of building energy conservation.
Disclosure of Invention
The present invention is made to solve the above problems, and an object of the present invention is to provide a shape-stabilized phase change material for construction and use thereof.
The invention provides a shaping phase-change material for buildings, which has the following characteristics:
the shaping phase-change material for the building is prepared by adsorbing a binary phase-change material in a pretreated porous material according to an optimal mass ratio, the binary phase-change material is prepared by mixing and heating dodecanol and stearic acid according to a preset mass ratio, adding nanoparticles for heat conductivity optimization, and the binary phase-change material has the phase-change temperature of 21.3 ℃, the phase-change latent heat of 205.9kJ/kg and the heat conductivity of 0.28W/(m.K).
The shaped phase change material for buildings provided by the invention can also have the following characteristics: wherein the predetermined mass ratio of the dodecanol to the stearic acid is 8.0: 2.0-9.0: 1.0.
The shaped phase change material for the building provided by the invention can also have the following characteristics: wherein the nanoparticles are Al2O3The particle size was 30nm and the concentration was 0.5 wt%.
The shaped phase change material for buildings provided by the invention can also have the following characteristics: wherein, the thermal conductivity optimization process is as follows: adding nanoparticles, maintaining the water bath temperature at 80 deg.C, stirring for 30min, taking out sample, and placing into ultrasonic oscillator, maintaining the temperature at 80 deg.C, and oscillating for 30 min.
The shaped phase change material for buildings provided by the invention can also have the following characteristics: wherein the porous material is any one of modified diatomite, ceramsite and expanded perlite.
The shaped phase change material for buildings provided by the invention can also have the following characteristics: when the porous material is modified diatomite, the optimal mass ratio of the modified diatomite to the binary phase change material is 1:0.6, when the porous material is ceramsite, the optimal mass ratio of the ceramsite to the binary phase change material is 0.3:1, and when the porous material is expanded perlite, the optimal mass ratio of the expanded perlite to the binary phase change material is 0.15: 1.
The shaped phase change material for buildings provided by the invention can also have the following characteristics: wherein, the pretreatment mode of the porous material is as follows: placing the porous material in a filter flask, placing the filter flask in a hot air drying box, setting the pressure of the filter flask at-0.08 MPa and the temperature of the drying box at 100 ℃, continuously drying for 12h, cooling for 30min, and taking out the porous material in the filter flask.
The invention also provides an application of the shaping phase-change material for the building, which is characterized in that: the porous material adopts modified diatomite, and the shaping phase-change material for the building is mixed with gypsum powder by 30 percent of the total mass to prepare the composite phase-change gypsum.
The invention also provides an application of the shaping phase-change material for the building, which is characterized in that: the porous material adopts ceramsite, the shaping phase-change material for the building is mixed with cement mortar by 15% of the total mass to prepare the composite phase-change concrete, and the cement mortar is a mixture of sand slurry with the mass ratio of water to ash of 3:5, the mass ratio of cement to sand of 1:2 and the concentration of 0.4%.
Action and Effect of the invention
According to the shaping phase-change material for the building and the application thereof, the shaping phase-change material for the building is prepared by adsorbing a binary phase-change material in a pretreated porous material according to the optimal mass ratio, the binary phase-change material is prepared by mixing and heating dodecanol and stearic acid according to a preset mass ratio, adding nanoparticles for heat conductivity optimization, and the binary phase-change material has the phase-change temperature of 21.3 ℃, the phase-change latent heat of 205.9kJ/kg and the heat conductivity of 0.28W/(m.K). The binary phase change material is suitable for building indoor enclosing structures, has proper phase change temperature, and has good heat storage performance compared with other organic composite phase change materials in the same temperature zone. In addition, binary phase change materials also exhibit good thermal stability properties. The heat conductivity coefficient is obviously improved by adding the nano particles. Meanwhile, the shaped phase-change material for buildings prepared by the invention can be applied to building materials, and the composite phase-change gypsum or the composite phase-change concrete obtained by compounding the shaped phase-change material with the building materials has good building energy-saving effect.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a DSC thermal analysis graph of mixed solutions of lauryl alcohol and stearic acid with different concentrations in example 1 of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a diagram showing the phase transition temperature and the phase transition potential of a mixed solution of dodecanol-stearic acid at various concentrations in example 1 according to the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a DSC thermal analysis graph of the binary phase change material in example 1 of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a diagram showing an apparatus for a vacuum adsorption method in example 1 of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a structural shaped phase change material and a prepared composite phase change gypsum using modified diatomite as a porous material in example 4 of the present invention;
FIG. 6 shows the shaped phase change material for building and the composite phase change concrete prepared from the shaped phase change material in which the porous material is ceramsite in example 5.
Detailed Description
In order to make the technical means, the creation characteristics, the achievement purposes and the effects of the invention easy to understand, the following embodiments are specifically described in the preparation method of the architectural shaped phase change material of the invention with reference to the accompanying drawings.
< example 1>
In this embodiment, a shaped phase change material for construction is provided.
The shaping phase-change material for the building is prepared by adsorbing a binary phase-change material in the pretreated modified diatomite according to the optimal mass ratio. The binary phase change material is prepared by mixing and heating dodecanol and stearic acid according to a certain mass ratio, adding nanoparticles for thermal conductivity optimization, wherein the phase change temperature of the binary phase change material is 21.3 ℃, the latent heat of phase change is 205.9kJ/kg, and the thermal conductivity is 0.28W/(m.K). Wherein the optimal mass ratio of the dodecanol to the stearic acid is 8.0: 2.0-9.0: 1.0. In this example, Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) thermal analysis was performed on dodecanol-stearic acid mixed solutions of different concentrations.
FIG. 1 is a DSC thermal analysis chart of the mixed solution of dodecanol and stearic acid with different concentrations in the present example.
As shown in fig. 1, as the mass concentration of dodecanol is increased from 8.0 to 9.0, the peak value is increased, and the curve area (latent heat of phase change) is increased, because pure dodecanol has larger latent heat of phase change, the peak value is higher, and the increase of the concentration corresponds to the increase of the latent heat of phase change of the mixture.
FIG. 2 is a diagram showing the phase transition temperature and the phase transition potential of the mixed solution of dodecanol and stearic acid at different concentrations in the present example.
As shown in FIG. 2, as the proportion of the dodecanol solution increases, the phase transition temperature thereof gradually decreases from 23.4 ℃ to 17.5 ℃, and the latent heat of phase transition gradually increases from 200.3kJ/kg to 209.1 kJ/kg. The main reasons are: the lauryl alcohol has low melting point and high phase-change latent heat compared with stearic acid, the melting point of the mixed solution is indirectly reduced by increasing the proportion of the lauryl alcohol, the phase-change temperature is reduced, and the phase-change latent heat of the mixed solution is also improved. Therefore, in the architectural shaping phase change material provided in the embodiment, 82% of dodecanol and 18% of stearic acid are selected as the optimal mixture ratio, and are mixed to obtain the dodecanol-stearic acid binary phase change material. In this embodiment, 50 times, 100 times, and 200 times of thermal cycle tests are performed on the binary phase change material, respectively, to investigate the thermal stability of the binary phase change material.
After 200 times of thermal cycle experiments, the binary phase change material shows good thermal stability. The phase change temperature is reduced by 0.5 ℃, and the latent heat of phase change is reduced by 2.1%.
In the architectural shaped phase change material provided in this embodiment, the nanoparticles are Al2O3The particle size is 30nm, the concentration is 0.5 wt%, the water bath temperature is kept at 80 ℃ after the nano particles are added, the sample is taken out after being stirred for 30min, the sample is placed into an ultrasonic oscillator to keep the temperature at 80 ℃ and be oscillated for 30min, the binary phase change material is obtained, and the heat conductivity coefficient is obviously improved after the nano particles are added. The thermal conductivity of the original binary phase change material is 0.20W/(m.K), and the thermal conductivity of the binary phase change material obtained after the nano particles are added is 0.28W/(m.K), which is increased by 43.3% compared with the original solution.
Fig. 3 is a DSC thermal analysis graph of the binary phase change material in the present embodiment.
From fig. 3, the phase transition temperature of the binary phase change material is 21.3 ℃, and the latent heat of phase transition is 205.9kJ/kg, which indicates that the addition of nanoparticles does not affect the phase transition temperature and the latent heat of phase transition.
The porous material in the embodiment is modified diatomite, the modified diatomite is placed in a filter flask, the filter flask is placed in a hot air drying box, the pressure of the filter flask is set to be-0.08 MPa, the temperature of the drying box is set to be 100 ℃, the drying is continuously carried out for 12 hours, the modified diatomite in the filter flask is taken out after being cooled for 30 minutes, the binary phase change material is adsorbed in the pretreated modified diatomite according to the optimal proportion by adopting a vacuum adsorption method, and the optimal mass ratio of the modified diatomite to the binary phase change material is 1: 0.6.
FIG. 4 is a diagram of an apparatus for vacuum adsorption in this example.
< example 2>
In this embodiment, a shaped phase change material for construction is provided.
The shaping phase-change material for the building in the embodiment is prepared by adsorbing a binary phase-change material in the pretreated ceramsite according to the optimal mass ratio. The binary phase change material is prepared by mixing and heating dodecanol and stearic acid according to a preset mass ratio, adding nanoparticles for thermal conductivity optimization, wherein the phase change temperature of the binary phase change material is 21.3 ℃, the latent heat of phase change is 205.9kJ/kg, and the thermal conductivity is 0.28W/(m.K). Wherein the mass ratio of the dodecanol to the stearic acid is 82% of the dodecanol and 12% of the stearic acid, and the nano-particles are Al2O3The particle size is 30nm, the concentration is 0.5 wt%, and the thermal conductivity optimization process is as follows: adding nanoparticles, maintaining the water bath temperature at 80 deg.C, stirring for 30min, taking out sample, and placing into ultrasonic oscillator, maintaining the temperature at 80 deg.C, and oscillating for 30 min. Placing the ceramsite into a filter flask, placing the filter flask into a hot air drying box, setting the pressure of the filter flask to be-0.08 MPa, setting the temperature of the drying box to be 100 ℃, continuously drying for 12h, cooling for 30min, and taking out the ceramsite from the filter flask, wherein the optimal mass ratio of the ceramsite to the binary phase change material is 0.3: 1.
< example 3>
In this embodiment, a shaped phase change material for construction is provided.
The shaping phase-change material for the building in the embodiment is prepared by adsorbing a binary phase-change material in the pretreated expanded perlite according to the optimal mass ratio. The binary phase change material is prepared by mixing and heating dodecanol and stearic acid according to a preset mass ratio, adding nanoparticles for thermal conductivity optimization, wherein the phase change temperature of the binary phase change material is 21.3 ℃, the latent heat of phase change is 205.9kJ/kg, and the thermal conductivity is 0.28W/(m.K). Wherein the mass ratio of the dodecanol to the stearic acid is 82% of the dodecanol and 12% of the stearic acid, and the nano-particles are Al2O3The particle size is 30nm, the concentration is 0.5 wt%, and the thermal conductivity optimization process is as follows: adding nanoparticles, maintaining the water bath temperature at 80 deg.C, stirring for 30min, taking out sample, and placing into ultrasonic oscillator, maintaining the temperature at 80 deg.C, and oscillating for 30 min. Placing the expanded perlite in a filter flask, placing the filter flask in a hot air drying box, setting the pressure of the filter flask at-0.08 MPa and the temperature of the drying box at 100 ℃, continuously drying for 12h, cooling for 30min, and taking out the expanded perlite in the filter flask, wherein the optimal mass ratio of the expanded perlite to the binary phase-change material is 0.15: 1.
< example 4>
In this example, a specific application of the architectural shaped phase change material prepared in example 1 is provided.
In the embodiment, the porous material is modified diatomite, and the shaped phase change material for the building is mixed with gypsum powder by 30% of the total mass to prepare the composite phase change gypsum. The preparation method comprises the following specific steps:
the test block is prepared by mixing, injecting and molding gypsum powder, a diatomite-based composite phase-change temperature and humidity regulating material and deionized water. Wherein the composite phase-change temperature and humidity regulating material is mainly mixed according to 30 percent of the total mass of the mixed powder material. Weighing a certain amount of gypsum powder and composite phase change diatomite according to a ratio, mixing in a beaker, uniformly stirring the mixed material by adopting a manual stirring mode, pouring deionized water into the beaker, and continuously stirring for 5-10 min until the slurry begins to thicken. Stirring the prepared gypsum slurry, pouring the gypsum slurry into a mold, scraping the overflowed slurry by using a scraper after the overflowed slurry begins to be initially set, trowelling the upper end surface of the sample, placing the sample for 2 hours after the sample is condensed, removing the mold, placing the formed test block in an incubator at 20 +/-2 ℃ for maintenance for 24 hours to obtain the gypsum test block required by the experiment, and drying the gypsum test block for performance test.
The performance test is a thermophysical property test, and comprises the following steps:
(1) apparent density: pure gypsum test block: 1157.48kg/m3(ii) a Composite phase change gypsum doped with 30% phase change material: 1057.20kg/m3。
(2) Coefficient of thermal conductivity: the heat conductivity is measured by a DZDR-S type heat conductivity coefficient measuring instrument. As shown in Table 1, the thermal conductivity of the composite phase change gypsum doped with 30% phase change material was 0.2515W/m.K. Compared with a pure gypsum test block, the thermal conductivity coefficient is reduced by 27.16 percent when the thermal conductivity coefficient is 0.3453W/m.K. The binary phase change material has a great influence on the heat conductivity coefficient of the composite phase change gypsum test block, and can play a role in increasing the heat preservation performance of the composite phase change gypsum.
TABLE 1 Heat conductivity coefficient of gypsum with different mixing amounts
(3) Specific heat capacity: the specific heat capacity of a composite phase change gypsum test block doped with 30% of phase change material in a solidified (0-12 ℃) and molten (45-65 ℃) state is measured by a DSC 200F3 differential scanning calorimeter produced by Chiari corporation by using a specific heat comparison method.
TABLE 2 specific heat capacity of gypsum with different mixing amounts
As can be seen from Table 1, the specific heat capacities of the pure gypsum and the composite phase change gypsum test pieces were 0.9520J/(g.K) and 1.2303J/(g.K), respectively. After the binary phase change material absorbs heat and melts, the specific heat capacities of the pure gypsum and the composite phase change gypsum test block are 1.1257J/(g.K) and 1.4388J/(g.K) respectively. It can be seen that the specific heat capacity of the composite phase change gypsum test block is increased after the phase change material is doped no matter before or after the phase change, the main reason is that the specific heat capacity of the binary phase change material is higher than that of the gypsum, so the specific heat of the composite gypsum is correspondingly increased after the phase change material is doped. In addition, the specific heat capacity of the composite phase change gypsum test block is smaller before the phase change material undergoes phase change than after the phase change, the binary phase change material is changed from a solid state to a liquid state along with the increase of the temperature, liquid molecules are relatively free, and more heat absorbed by the binary phase change material is converted into molecular potential energy, so that the specific heat capacity is increased.
(4) Heat storage coefficient: the magnitude of the material thermal storage coefficient depends on the thermal conductivity lambda, specific heat capacity cp, density rho and the period T of the heat flow fluctuation.
T represents a thermal fluctuation period, T is generally taken as 24h, the 24h heat storage coefficient of the material is represented, Cp represents the specific heat capacity of the material, lambda represents the thermal conductivity of the material, rho represents the apparent density of the material, and S represents the heat storage coefficient of the material.
TABLE 3 Heat storage coefficient of gypsum with different mixing amounts
Fig. 5 shows the shaped phase change material (a) for building and the composite phase change gypsum (b) prepared by using the modified diatomite as the porous material in this embodiment.
< example 5>
In this example, a specific application of the architectural shaped phase change material prepared in example 2 is provided.
In the embodiment, the porous material is ceramsite, the shaping phase-change material for the building is mixed with cement mortar by 15% of the total mass to prepare the composite phase-change concrete, and the cement mortar is a mixture of sand slurry with the mass ratio of water to ash of 3:5, the mass ratio of cement to sand of 1:2 and the concentration of 0.4%. The preparation method comprises the following specific steps:
preparing a mixture of water, ash and sand with a mass ratio of 3:5, cement, sand of 1:2 and sand slurry with a concentration of 0.4%, namely 425g of river sand, 212.5g of cement, 127.5g of water and 3.6g of sand slurry, wherein the mixing ratio of the building shaping phase-change material is 15%, weighing the materials, adding the materials into a stirring kettle, firstly carrying out dry stirring in a manual stirring manner, adding half of water (containing water reducer sand slurry) after the dry stirring is uniform, continuing stirring, adding the rest of water again, and stirring for 15-25 min again until the stirring is uniform. Pouring the phase-change mortar into a standard test mold with the thickness of 70.7 multiplied by 70.7mm, vibrating the test mold until cement paste appears on the surface of the mortar, scraping the mortar overflowing from the edge, troweling the surface, forming the phase-change energy-storage mortar after two days, removing the mold, putting the mortar into a standard curing room for curing for 28 days to obtain a mortar test block required by an experiment, and performing performance test after drying.
The performance test is a thermophysical property test, and comprises the following steps:
(1) apparent density: the common mortar concrete is 2.17g/cm3(ii) a The phase change concrete with the ceramsite doping amount of 15 percent is 1.56g/cm3。
(2) Coefficient of thermal conductivity: the test was carried out using a Hot Disk TPS2500S thermal conductivity tester (Probe C5501). The data in table 4 were obtained and analyzed to obtain:
TABLE 4 concrete thermal conductivity
(3) Specific heat capacity: from the above table, it can be seen that the specific heat capacity of the phase change concrete is: the specific heat capacity of the common mortar concrete is 1.03 (kJ/kg.K), and the specific heat capacity of the phase-change mortar concrete is 1.01 (kJ/kg.K).
(4) Heat storage coefficient: the same calculation formula as that used in example 7 was used, and the correlation coefficients λ, ρ, and Cp were substituted to calculate the heat storage coefficient S of the phase change mortar concrete to be 21.5W/(m2 · K), which also has good heat storage performance.
Fig. 6 shows the architectural shaped phase-change material (a) and the prepared composite phase-change concrete (b) in which the porous material is ceramsite.
Effects and effects of the embodiments
According to the shaping phase-change material for the building in embodiments 1 to 3, the shaping phase-change material for the building is prepared by adsorbing a binary phase-change material in a pretreated porous material according to an optimal mass ratio. The binary phase change material is prepared by mixing and heating dodecanol and stearic acid according to a preset mass ratio, adding nanoparticles for thermal conductivity optimization, wherein the phase change temperature of the binary phase change material is 21.3 ℃, the latent heat of phase change is 205.9kJ/kg, and the thermal conductivity is 0.28W/(m.K). The binary phase change material is suitable for building indoor enclosing structures, has proper phase change temperature, and has good heat storage performance compared with other organic composite phase change materials in the same temperature zone. In addition, binary phase change materials also exhibit good thermal stability properties. The heat conductivity coefficient is obviously improved by adding the nano particles. Meanwhile, the shaped phase-change material for buildings prepared by the invention can be applied to building materials, and the composite phase-change gypsum or the composite phase-change concrete obtained by compounding the shaped phase-change material with the building materials has good building energy-saving effect.
Meanwhile, the shaped phase-change material for buildings prepared in the embodiments 1 to 3 can be applied to building materials, the composite phase-change gypsum or the composite phase-change concrete obtained by compounding the shaped phase-change material with the building materials in the embodiments 4 and 5 has a good building energy-saving effect, and particularly in areas with large day-night temperature difference and high outdoor temperature in the daytime, the shaped phase-change material absorbs heat through phase change, stores the heat into a wall body, and reduces the indoor temperature. When the outdoor temperature is lower at night, the shaping phase-change material is subjected to phase change, heat is released indoors, the indoor temperature is improved, and the fluctuation of the indoor temperature caused by the outdoor day and night temperature difference is effectively reduced. The indoor comfort level is improved, and meanwhile, the energy consumption of equipment such as building heat supply, air conditioners and the like is reduced, and the purpose of building energy conservation is achieved.
The above embodiments are preferred examples of the present invention, and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention.
Claims (9)
1. The shaping phase-change material for the building is characterized in that:
the shaping phase-change material for the building is prepared by adsorbing a binary phase-change material in a pretreated porous material according to the optimal mass ratio,
the binary phase change material is prepared by mixing and heating dodecanol and stearic acid according to a predetermined mass ratio, adding nanoparticles for thermal conductivity optimization,
the phase change temperature of the binary phase change material is 21.3 ℃, the phase change latent heat is 205.9kJ/kg, and the heat conductivity coefficient is 0.28W/(m.K).
2. The architectural shape-stabilized phase change material of claim 1, wherein:
the predetermined mass ratio of the dodecanol to the stearic acid is 8.0: 2.0-9.0: 1.0.
3. The architectural shape-stabilized phase change material of claim 1, wherein:
the nano particles are Al2O3The particle size was 30nm and the concentration was 0.5 wt%.
4. The architectural shape-stabilized phase change material of claim 1, wherein:
the heat conductivity optimization process comprises the following steps:
adding nanoparticles, maintaining the water bath temperature at 80 deg.C, stirring for 30min, taking out sample, and placing into ultrasonic oscillator, maintaining the temperature at 80 deg.C, and oscillating for 30 min.
5. The architectural shape-stabilized phase change material of claim 1, wherein:
the porous material is any one of modified diatomite, ceramsite and expanded perlite.
6. The architectural shape-stabilized phase change material of claim 5, wherein:
when the porous material is modified diatomite, the optimal mass ratio of the modified diatomite to the binary phase change material is 1:0.6,
when the porous material is ceramsite, the optimal mass ratio of the ceramsite to the binary phase change material is 0.3:1,
when the porous material is expanded perlite, the optimal mass ratio of the expanded perlite to the binary phase change material is 0.15: 1.
7. The architectural shape-stabilized phase change material of claim 1, wherein:
the pretreatment mode of the porous material is as follows: and placing the porous material in a filter flask, placing the filter flask in a hot air drying box, setting the pressure of the filter flask to be-0.08 MPa and the temperature of the drying box to be 100 ℃, continuously drying for 12h, cooling for 30min, and taking out the porous material in the filter flask.
8. The application of the shaping phase-change material for the building is characterized in that:
the porous material is made of modified diatomite,
the shaping phase-change material for the building is mixed with gypsum powder by 30 percent of the total mass to prepare the composite phase-change gypsum.
9. The application of the shaping phase-change material for the building is characterized in that:
the porous material is made of porcelain granules,
the shaping phase-change material for the building is mixed with cement mortar by 15 percent of the total mass to prepare composite phase-change concrete,
the cement mortar is a mixture of sand slurry with the mass ratio of water to ash being 3:5, the mass ratio of cement to sand being 1:2 and the concentration being 0.4%.
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