CN113788136A - Center shaft ventilation and light condensation airship - Google Patents
Center shaft ventilation and light condensation airship Download PDFInfo
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- CN113788136A CN113788136A CN202111326097.1A CN202111326097A CN113788136A CN 113788136 A CN113788136 A CN 113788136A CN 202111326097 A CN202111326097 A CN 202111326097A CN 113788136 A CN113788136 A CN 113788136A
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- airship
- fresnel lens
- transparent skin
- hull
- vent
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- 238000009423 ventilation Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 35
- 238000009833 condensation Methods 0.000 title claims description 11
- 230000005494 condensation Effects 0.000 title claims description 11
- 238000013022 venting Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 abstract description 5
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 9
- 238000010248 power generation Methods 0.000 description 7
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 6
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000013021 overheating Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000002035 prolonged effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- RZVHIXYEVGDQDX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 9,10-anthraquinone Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C(=O)C3=CC=CC=C3C(=O)C2=C1 RZVHIXYEVGDQDX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000002411 adverse Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005273 aeration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910021419 crystalline silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000004512 die casting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007723 die pressing method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000017525 heat dissipation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005286 illumination Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011835 investigation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002045 lasting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000149 penetrating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003014 reinforcing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000630 rising effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000010409 thin film Substances 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B64—AIRCRAFT; AVIATION; COSMONAUTICS
- B64B—LIGHTER-THAN AIR AIRCRAFT
- B64B1/00—Lighter-than-air aircraft
- B64B1/58—Arrangements or construction of gas-bags; Filling arrangements
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B3/00—Simple or compound lenses
- G02B3/02—Simple or compound lenses with non-spherical faces
- G02B3/08—Simple or compound lenses with non-spherical faces with discontinuous faces, e.g. Fresnel lens
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02S—GENERATION OF ELECTRIC POWER BY CONVERSION OF INFRARED RADIATION, VISIBLE LIGHT OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT, e.g. USING PHOTOVOLTAIC [PV] MODULES
- H02S40/00—Components or accessories in combination with PV modules, not provided for in groups H02S10/00 - H02S30/00
- H02S40/20—Optical components
- H02S40/22—Light-reflecting or light-concentrating means
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02S—GENERATION OF ELECTRIC POWER BY CONVERSION OF INFRARED RADIATION, VISIBLE LIGHT OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT, e.g. USING PHOTOVOLTAIC [PV] MODULES
- H02S40/00—Components or accessories in combination with PV modules, not provided for in groups H02S10/00 - H02S30/00
- H02S40/40—Thermal components
- H02S40/42—Cooling means
- H02S40/425—Cooling means using a gaseous or a liquid coolant, e.g. air flow ventilation, water circulation
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/50—Photovoltaic [PV] energy
- Y02E10/52—PV systems with concentrators
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- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Optics & Photonics (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Aviation & Aerospace Engineering (AREA)
- Photovoltaic Devices (AREA)
Abstract
The invention is suitable for the technical field of airship, and provides a middle shaft ventilation and light gathering airship which comprises an airship body, wherein a ventilation channel penetrates through the middle shaft of the airship body; the vent passage comprises a first vent conduit and a second vent conduit; the first ventilation channel extends from the head of the airship to the middle of the hull, and the second ventilation channel extends from the tail of the airship to the middle of the hull; and the first vent conduit is coaxial with the second vent conduit; the upper part of the boat body is provided with a transparent skin; a condenser is arranged below the transparent skin area, the condenser is arranged between the first vent pipeline and the second vent pipeline, and the symmetrical plane of the condenser is superposed with the symmetrical plane of the transparent skin. The air flow in the middle shaft ventilation channel can cool the photovoltaic cell therein, so that the service life and the photoelectric conversion efficiency of the photovoltaic cell are not reduced due to the influence of self heating and the like, and a sufficient power source can be provided for the airship for a long time.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of airship, in particular to a middle shaft ventilation and light gathering airship.
Background
The high-altitude airship serving as a low-speed aircraft with lasting flight capability can be resided in the high atmosphere layer for a long time, and has wide application prospects in military and civil fields such as earth observation, early warning and investigation, wide-area communication, emergency disaster relief and the like. In recent years, the method has also become the focus of domestic and foreign research.
The development of the high-altitude airship relates to a plurality of key technologies, and specifically comprises a plurality of aspects such as overall layout design, overpressure bag body design, energy systems, flight control technology and fixed-point landing. The lightweight structural characteristics of the aerostat of the airship and the energy requirements of long-time wind-resistant flight enable structural weight, power generation efficiency and heat (air pressure) management in the airship to be considered in the design of an energy system of the airship, and great design challenges are brought in practice. Under the prior art condition, the traditional energy system of the high-altitude airship uses solar photovoltaic power generation for energy supply, the solar power generation efficiency of the crystalline silicon thin film is generally lower than 20%, the range of effective illumination angles is limited, the photovoltaic system needs to be paved in a large range, and the self weight and the heat effect of the photovoltaic system greatly increase the size and the control complexity of airship design.
In order to improve the utilization rate of solar energy by the airship, some airship design schemes using light-transmitting skins appear in recent years. For example, patent CN109981044A uses an airship configuration with transparent upper part and reflective lower part to realize low-power light-gathering power generation; a Fresnel lens built in a Solar Thermal power Airship (Sunrise Solar Powered aircraft) of Sunrise collects heat, utilizes hot gas to provide rising power, and propels the running of a Stirling engine; the stratospheric airship (about 100 meters long and 5 tons heavy) developed by the largest satellite manufacturer of the europe, namely the talez alemia Space corporation (Thales alemia Space), realizes 3 times of improvement of power generation efficiency by using a top transparent hull, a bottom reflection type light gathering and a top small-range double-sided solar cell, and designs a counterweight nacelle orbit selected around the longitudinal axis of the hull to realize adjustment of a light gathering angle and maximization of the power generation efficiency. This solution greatly improves the power-to-weight ratio of the airship, helping to reduce the volume and cost of the airship.
However, in the development process of the Stratobus project, due to the control requirements of the temperature and the air pressure in the airship body, the skin is changed into opaque, and meanwhile, the originally designed internal solar condenser is placed at the top of the outer side of the airship. The modification can reduce the power-weight ratio of the airship and is not beneficial to reducing the volume and the cost of the airship; meanwhile, in the configuration of the airship, no matter the solar cell is covered on the outer part of the airship body or the solar cell is condensed inside the airship body, a large amount of heat is brought by the current low power generation efficiency, and the airship is affected by over heat, over pressure and other adverse effects.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to improve the solar energy utilization efficiency of the airship, the invention provides the center shaft ventilation and condensation airship, the photovoltaic cell in the center shaft ventilation channel can be cooled by the airflow, meanwhile, the invention adopts a two-stage condensation technology, the sunlight collection efficiency can be improved, the photovoltaic cell receives more solar radiation on one hand, and on the other hand, under the action of the airflow in the center shaft ventilation channel, the service life and the photoelectric conversion efficiency of the photovoltaic cell cannot be reduced due to the influence of self heating and the like, so that a sufficient power source can be provided for the airship for a long time.
A middle shaft ventilation and condensation airship comprises an airship body, wherein a ventilation channel penetrates through a middle shaft of the airship body;
the vent passage comprises a first vent conduit and a second vent conduit; the first ventilation channel extends from the head of the airship to the middle of the hull, and the second ventilation channel extends from the tail of the airship to the middle of the hull; and the first vent conduit is coaxial with the second vent conduit;
the upper part of the boat body is provided with a transparent skin;
a condenser is arranged below the transparent skin area, the condenser is arranged between the first vent pipeline and the second vent pipeline, and the symmetrical plane of the condenser is superposed with the symmetrical plane of the transparent skin.
Further, a fresnel lens is arranged in the region of the transparent skin.
Further, the Fresnel lens is arranged on the upper surface or the lower surface of the transparent skin.
Further, the Fresnel lens is a wave-shaped Fresnel lens;
when the Fresnel lens is arranged on the upper surface of the transparent skin, the wave pitch of the Fresnel lens is 1-10 mm;
when the Fresnel lens is arranged on the lower surface of the transparent skin, the wave distance of the Fresnel lens is 1-50 cm.
Further, the Fresnel lens is arranged in a range set in front of and behind the maximum diameter of the upper portion of the airship hull, and the field angle range of the transparent skin Fresnel lens is 60-120 degrees.
Further, the concentrator is a CPC concentrator.
Further, the length of the CPC concentrator is greater than the length of the fresnel lens.
Further, the diameter d of the first and second vent conduits is:
d = D/8~ D/4, wherein D is the diameter of the airship hull at the maximum diameter.
Further, the focal length f of the Fresnel lens is set to be equal to or less than 1.05D and equal to or less than 1.2D, wherein D is the diameter of the maximum diameter of the airship hull.
Further, a photovoltaic cell is arranged at the bottom flat plate position of the CPC condenser.
Compared with the prior art, the middle shaft ventilating and light gathering airship provided by the invention at least has the following beneficial effects:
(1) the invention adopts a two-stage light-gathering structure, can improve the light-gathering efficiency of the light-gathering structure to sunlight and improve sufficient light sources for photovoltaic cells;
(2) according to the invention, through efficient light condensation, the area of the solar cell panel is reduced, and the structural weight and the cost of the high-altitude airship energy system are favorably reduced;
(3) the airship adopts the structural design of the central axis ventilation channel, and can perform a convection cooling effect on the photovoltaic cell positioned in the central axis ventilation channel, so that the phenomena of overheating, overpressure and the like caused by the influence of buoyancy gas inside the airship on the photovoltaic cell are avoided, the photoelectric conversion efficiency of the photovoltaic cell is reduced, and the service life of the photovoltaic cell is shortened;
(4) the wave-shaped Fresnel lens is adopted, so that the light condensation efficiency at different angles can be greatly improved, the effective focusing angle range of the solar system is increased, the working time is effectively prolonged, and the utilization rate of solar energy is improved.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings needed to be used in the embodiments of the present invention or in the description of the prior art will be briefly described below, and it is obvious that the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious for those skilled in the art that other drawings can be obtained according to the drawings without creative efforts.
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of an entire central axis ventilation and light gathering airship according to an embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of another angular overall configuration of a central axis vented concentrator airship according to embodiments of the present invention;
fig. 3 is a schematic view of the internal structure of a central axis ventilation and light gathering airship according to an embodiment of the invention;
fig. 4 is a partial structural schematic view of a central axis ventilation and light gathering airship according to an embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic structural diagram of a wavy Fresnel lens according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of the structural design of the wavy Fresnel lens according to the embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a schematic structural diagram of a conventional curved linear Fresnel lens;
FIG. 8 is a schematic structural view of a first air duct of an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 9 is a schematic structural diagram of a concentrator in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 10 is a schematic diagram of the position relationship between the condenser and the Fresnel lens according to the present invention.
In the figure, 1-airship, 10-hull, 20-ventilation channel, 21-first ventilation channel, 22-second ventilation channel, 30-transparent skin, 31-Fresnel lens, 32-wave Fresnel lens, 321-first linear Fresnel lens sheet, 322-second linear Fresnel lens sheet, 40-gondola, 50-condenser and 60-photovoltaic cell.
Detailed Description
The following description provides many different embodiments, or examples, for implementing different features of the invention. The particular examples set forth below are illustrative only and are not intended to be limiting.
A central axis ventilation and condensation airship 1 is shown in figures 1-3 and comprises a hull 10, an airship rudder surface is arranged at the tail part of the hull 10, slide rails (not shown) and a nacelle 40 are arranged below the position of the maximum diameter of the hull 10, and the airship nacelle can slide along the slide rails in a controlled manner to ensure that a Fresnel lens symmetrically faces the tracking of the sun azimuth.
A ventilation channel 20 is arranged on the middle shaft of the boat body 10 in a penetrating manner; the vent passage 20 comprises a first vent duct 21 and a second vent duct 22; the first ventilation channel 21 extends from the head of the airship to the middle of the hull, and the second ventilation channel 22 extends from the tail of the airship to the middle of the hull; and said first venting duct 21 is coaxial with said second venting duct 22; a transparent skin 30 is arranged on the upper part of the boat body 10; a light collector 50 is arranged below the transparent skin area, the light collector 50 is arranged between the first vent pipe 21 and the second vent pipe 22, and a symmetry plane of the light collector 50 coincides with a symmetry plane of the transparent skin.
The airship 1 of the embodiment has the vent passage 20 located at the central axis, the vent passage 20 includes a first vent passage and a second vent passage, the condenser is located between the first vent passage and the second vent passage, and the photovoltaic cell is located on the condenser. Therefore, the photovoltaic cell is arranged in the shaft ventilation channel of the airship body, and is beneficial to passive convection heat dissipation, so that the photovoltaic cell is not influenced by buoyancy gas in the airship to generate phenomena of overheating, overpressure and the like, and the photoelectric conversion efficiency of the photovoltaic cell is reduced. By the arrangement of the shaft ventilation channel, the service life of the photovoltaic cell and the photoelectric conversion efficiency of the photovoltaic cell can be further prolonged.
In order to improve the utilization rate of sunlight, the invention adopts a two-stage condensation configuration: firstly, a fresnel lens 31 is arranged in the region of the transparent skin 30, and secondly, a CPC condenser is adopted, as shown in fig. 4.
Preferably, the present embodiment employs a wave-shaped fresnel lens 32.
The wavy fresnel lens 32 is different from a common linear fresnel lens, and as shown in fig. 5 to 6, the wavy fresnel lens 32 includes a plurality of nodes, and the plurality of nodes are periodically arranged along a certain direction a;
each node includes a first linear fresnel lens sheet 321 and a second linear fresnel lens sheet 322; the first linear fresnel lens sheet 321 and the second linear fresnel lens sheet 322 are mirror symmetric; the width direction of the first linear Fresnel lens sheet and the A direction have a deflection angle theta; the axial direction of the saw teeth in the saw tooth structure of the first and second linear fresnel lens sheets 321 and 322 is the width direction.
In this embodiment, the wave-shaped fresnel lens 32 may be understood as a structure formed by cutting and splicing a common curved linear fresnel lens, as shown in fig. 6 and 7, fig. 7 is a common curved linear fresnel lens, and the common curved linear fresnel lens is cut into the 1 st, 2 nd, 3 rd, 1 st, L-piece linear fresnel lenses with the same width along the width direction of the common curved linear fresnel lens, where the cross section of each linear fresnel lens is the same as that of the original common curved linear fresnel lens, or may be understood as that each linear fresnel lens is a small common curved linear fresnel lens, and then the L linear fresnel lenses are spliced along the a direction. During splicing, every two linear Fresnel lens sheets are in mirror symmetry with each other, and one side of each linear Fresnel lens sheet with the sawtooth structures faces to the same side.
The wavy Fresnel lens can greatly improve the light condensation efficiency at different angles, increase the effective focusing angle range of a solar system, effectively improve the working time and improve the utilization rate of solar energy.
Of course, the above description is only for illustrating the structure of the wave-shaped fresnel lens, and besides the way of cutting and splicing the ordinary curved linear fresnel lens, the way of one-time die-casting can also be used for preparation. In the wave-shaped Fresnel lens, the width of each linear Fresnel lens sheet is in millimeter or centimeter level.
Specifically, when the fresnel lens 31 is disposed on the upper surface of the transparent skin 30, the wave pitch of the fresnel lens 31 is in the order of millimeters to reduce the impact on the aerodynamic performance; when the fresnel lens 31 is disposed on the lower surface of the transparent skin 30, the wave pitch of the fresnel lens 31 is in the order of centimeters.
It is worth to be noted that the wavy Fresnel lens can be arranged on the surface of the transparent skin of the airship in a mode of die pressing, sticking and the like; the Fresnel lens can be arranged on the upper surface or the lower surface of the transparent skin;
when the fresnel lens 31 is arranged on the upper surface of the transparent skin 30, the wave pitch of the fresnel lens 31 is millimeter order, so as to reduce the aerodynamic resistance to the airship; preferably, when the Fresnel lens 31 is disposed on the upper surface of the transparent skin 30, the wave pitch of the Fresnel lens 31 is 1-10 mm.
When the fresnel lens 31 is disposed on the lower surface of the transparent skin 30, the wave pitch of the fresnel lens 31 is in the centimeter order, so as to improve the light-gathering property of the fresnel lens. Preferably, when the fresnel lens 31 is disposed on the lower surface of the transparent skin 30, the wave pitch of the fresnel lens 31 is 1-50 cm.
Meanwhile, in the embodiment, the fresnel lens is arranged in a set range before and after the maximum diameter of the upper part of the airship hull, and the field angle δ of the fresnel lens 31 is preferably in a range of 60-120 degrees, so that the fresnel lens is always positioned at a position where the solar light is most easily received; meanwhile, the focal length f of the Fresnel lens 31 is set to be equal to or less than 1.05D and equal to or less than 1.2D, wherein D is the diameter of the maximum diameter of the airship hull.
In this embodiment, the condenser located between the first air duct 21 and the second air duct 22 is a CPC condenser, as shown in fig. 3 and 9, one end of the CPC condenser is fixed in the first air duct 21, and the other end of the CPC condenser is fixed in the second air duct 22. The opening of the CPC concentrator faces the fresnel lens 31, the photovoltaic cell 60 is arranged at the bottom flat plate position, and the symmetry plane of the fresnel concentrator 31 coincides with the symmetry plane of the CPC concentrator, as shown in fig. 10; the length of the CPC concentrator is greater than the length of the fresnel lens 31.
As for the first air duct 21 and the second air duct 22, as shown in fig. 8, the first air duct 21 extends from the head of the airship to the middle of the hull 10, and preferably, the first air duct 21 is integrally formed with the head of the hull 10, but it is needless to say that, in order to improve the strength of the first air duct, reinforcing ribs or the like may be provided around the first air duct to reinforce the duct (not shown in the figure), and fig. 8 is only a simple structure and is not a limitation to the present invention; the structural arrangement of the second air duct 22 may be the same as that of the first air duct 21 and will not be described in detail.
Preferably, the diameter d of the first and second aeration ducts 21, 22 is: d = D/8~ D/4, wherein D is the diameter of the airship hull at the maximum diameter. The arrangement of the size ensures the area of the sunlight condensing device on one hand, and can fully carry out convection cooling on the solar cell on the other hand.
The above description is only for the purpose of illustrating the preferred embodiments of the present invention and is not to be construed as limiting the invention, and any modifications, equivalents and improvements made within the spirit and principle of the present invention are intended to be included within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A middle shaft ventilation and light gathering airship comprises a airship body (10) and is characterized in that,
a ventilation channel (20) penetrates through the middle shaft of the boat body (10);
the vent channel (20) comprises a first vent duct (21) and a second vent duct (22); the first ventilation channel (21) extends from the head of the airship to the middle of the hull, and the second ventilation pipeline (22) extends from the tail of the airship to the middle of the hull; and the first venting duct (21) is coaxial with the second venting duct (22);
a transparent skin (30) is arranged on the upper part of the boat body (10);
a light collector (50) is arranged below the transparent skin area, the light collector (50) is arranged between the first vent pipe (21) and the second vent pipe (22), and the symmetry plane of the light collector (50) is coincident with the symmetry plane of the transparent skin.
2. A mid-axis ventilated concentration airship according to claim 1, characterized in that a fresnel lens (31) is provided in the region of the transparent skin.
3. A mid-axis ventilated concentration airship according to claim 2, wherein the fresnel lens (31) is arranged on an upper surface or a lower surface of the transparent skin (30).
4. The central axis ventilated concentrating airship of claim 2, wherein the fresnel lens (31) is a wave-shaped fresnel lens;
when the Fresnel lens (31) is arranged on the upper surface of the transparent skin (30), the wave pitch of the Fresnel lens (31) is 1-10 mm;
when the Fresnel lens (31) is arranged on the lower surface of the transparent skin (30), the wave pitch of the Fresnel lens (31) is 1-50 cm.
5. The central-axis ventilated concentration airship according to claim 4, wherein the Fresnel lens (31) is arranged in a range set before and after the maximum diameter of the upper part of the airship hull, and the opening angle of the transparent skin Fresnel lens (31) ranges from 60 degrees to 120 degrees.
6. A mid-axis vented concentrator airship according to claim 2, where the concentrator (50) is a CPC concentrator.
7. A mid-axis ventilated concentrating airship according to claim 6, wherein the CPC concentrator has a length greater than the Fresnel lens (31).
8. A central axis ventilated concentrating airship according to claim 1, wherein the diameter d of the first (21) and second (22) ventilation ducts is:
d = D/8~ D/4, wherein D is the diameter of the airship hull at the maximum diameter.
9. The central axis ventilation and condensation airship according to any one of claims 2-5, wherein the focal length f of the Fresnel lens (31) is 1.05D ≤ f ≤ 1.2D, where D is the diameter of the airship hull at the maximum diameter.
10. The central-axis ventilated concentrating airship of claim 6 or 7, wherein the bottom plate of the CPC concentrator is provided with a photovoltaic cell.
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CN113788136B CN113788136B (en) | 2022-04-22 |
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Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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CN115535213A (en) * | 2022-11-28 | 2022-12-30 | 中国空气动力研究与发展中心低速空气动力研究所 | Large-scale film aircraft |
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